CN1715880A - Non-destructive detecting method and detecting instrument for portable plant nitrogen and water content - Google Patents
Non-destructive detecting method and detecting instrument for portable plant nitrogen and water content Download PDFInfo
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- CN1715880A CN1715880A CN 200510088935 CN200510088935A CN1715880A CN 1715880 A CN1715880 A CN 1715880A CN 200510088935 CN200510088935 CN 200510088935 CN 200510088935 A CN200510088935 A CN 200510088935A CN 1715880 A CN1715880 A CN 1715880A
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 17
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 101100112612 Dictyostelium discoideum cchl gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 101100438747 Mus musculus Hccs gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012417 linear regression Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- DGNIJJSSARBJSH-NLJAFYFLSA-L magnesium (E)-3-[(3R)-16-ethenyl-11-ethyl-3-methoxycarbonyl-12,17,21,26-tetramethyl-4-oxo-7,24-diaza-23,25-diazanidahexacyclo[18.2.1.15,8.110,13.115,18.02,6]hexacosa-1(22),2(6),5(26),7,9,11,13,15(24),16,18,20-undecaen-22-yl]prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound [Mg++].CCc1c(C)c2cc3nc(cc4[n-]c(c(\C=C\C(O)=O)c4C)c4[C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)c5c(C)c(cc1[n-]2)nc45)c(C)c3C=C DGNIJJSSARBJSH-NLJAFYFLSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001228 trophic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 33
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- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000010149 Brassica rapa subsp chinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000000536 Brassica rapa subsp pekinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000499436 Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000038559 crop plants Species 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004811 liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3554—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for determining moisture content
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N2021/8466—Investigation of vegetal material, e.g. leaves, plants, fruits
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/02—Mechanical
- G01N2201/022—Casings
- G01N2201/0221—Portable; cableless; compact; hand-held
Abstract
The portable non-destructive plant nitrogen and water content detection system includes four wavelength spectral measurement device with oppositely set light source and detector, neutralized reference sample or leaf to be measured, micro controller connected to the light source and the detector, serial port circuit connected electrically to the micro controller, and display and keyboard connected electrically to the micro controller too. The detection method includes detecting data I0 and I, calculating the fresh leaf transmission T= I/I0 of different wavelengths, and calculating the plant chlorophyll, water content and relative content NI reflecting the nitrogen level in the leaf in chemical metering algorithm. Compared with traditional measurement method, the present invention has decades times raised efficiency and no production of environment harming matter, and may be used in great area fast field measurement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of system of plant nutrient state-detection, particularly relate to the lossless detection method and the surveying instrument of portable plant nitrogen and moisture.
Background technology
Nitrogen is the requisite nutrient of crop growth, and it is the ingredient of plant inner chlorophyll, protein, nucleic acid, is again the ingredient of many endogenous hormones, accounts for 1%～7% of plant dry weight.Nitride mainly concentrates on the vigorous zone of crop vital movement such as blade, separate living tissue etc., and it is the requisite nutrient of crop growth, and is significant to the vital movement of crop.In producing actual and scientific research, we need make crop keep suitable nitrogen level, need to analyze the crop plant nitrogen content.The existing method of analyzing the crop nitrogen level has a lot, as concentrated sulphuric acid nitre cooking method, the way of distillation, diffusion method etc.These method precision are higher, but all are damaging to plant, and consuming time, the cost all very big.Monitor crop in real time when containing nitrogen level at needs, the actual application value of these methods is not high.Chloroplast is that crop carries out photosynthetic place, and it has the effect of intercepting and capturing luminous energy.The height of chlorophyll content directly affects the size of crop photosynthesis effect, and has reflected that on certain degree blade contains nitrogen level.Can set up incidence relation reflection nitrogen level in conjunction with leaf water content and chlorophyll content.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: when overcoming original method with chemical method, visible spectrum or liquid chromatography and measuring in the plant leaf blade nitrogen content, its finding speed is slow, measures the defective that process need consumes reagent, also can produce waste liquid, environment is polluted; The defective that causes crop leaf to destroy during main is in measuring plant leaf blade nitrogen content; In order to realize the content of the nitrogen in the crop leaf of Non-Destructive Testing in the field growing process; Thereby provide a kind of and utilize the multi-wavelength correcting background, remove the influence of background composition, realize the system and method for the portable Non-Destructive Testing field plant nitrogen nutrition state of the pigment content in the Non-Destructive Testing crop leaf.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
The lossless detection method that is used for portable plant nitrogen and moisture provided by the invention comprises: carry out according to the following steps at the field plant pigment nondestructive detection system that is used for of the present invention:
1, at first, start power supply.By mobile slip clamp 4 neutral reference 13 is inserted between light source 5 and the detecting device 6;
2, operation keyboard, microcontroller 7 is controlled led light source 5 timesharing output detection light wavelength in the 4 wave spectrum measurement mechanisms respectively, its wavelength is λ 1=650～690nm, λ 2=740～760nm, λ 3=890～920nm, λ 4=960～980nm detects the green strength I that is received each wavelength light behind the neutral reference of light transmission by photoelectric detector 6
01, I
02, I
03I
044 wavelength are through preposition amplification 15 and the inner set A/D analog-digital converter of microcontroller, input microcontroller 7;
3, neutral reference 13 is withdrawed from, change plant fresh leaves 13 to be measured; This blade to be measured is placed in the upper arm 2 and underarm 3 clips of described 4 wave spectrum measurement mechanisms, manually opens during mensuration and sandwich that the strength by spring clamps automatically behind the blade; The step of the neutral reference of replication is measured each the wavelength light intensity I that sees through the plant fresh leaves, and 4 wavelength are I respectively
1, I
2, I
3, I
4, this output light is imported microcontroller through preposition amplification and analog-digital converter;
4, the data (I of each wavelength of microcontroller utilization detection
0With I) calculate each wavelength and detect the transmitance T (T=I/I of light the plant fresh leaves
0), utilize following multiple linear system of equations to calculate the nitrogen level of plant in the blade then, the result is shown that by display screen its system's testing process is as shown in Figure 4.
Described system of equations is as follows:
With blade the absorbance difference of No. 1 wavelength X 1 and No. 2 wavelength X 2 be can be regarded as out the blade content of chlorophyll; The absorbance difference of No. 3 wavelength X 3 and No. 4 wavelength X 4 be can be regarded as out the content of moisture in the blade with blade:
Chlorophyll content Cchl (μ g/cm in the blade
2)
Cchl＝K1(A1-A2)+E1
Wherein A1 is the absorbance of blade to λ 1, and A2 is the absorbance of blade to λ 2, and K1 is a coefficient, and K1 equals 10～40, and E1 is an error term.
Moisture Cx (mg/cm in the blade
2)
Cx＝K2(A4-A3)+E2
Wherein A4 is the absorbance of blade to λ 4, and A3 is the absorbance of blade to λ 3, and K2 is a coefficient, and K2 equals 20～80, and E2 is an error term.
By blade content of chlorophyll C
ChlContent C with moisture
xCan calculate the horizontal NI of plant nitrogen:
NI＝A*C
Chl+B*C
x
NI is the plant nitrogen level; A is chlorophyll related coefficient (as 1～1.5); B is moisture related coefficient (as 0.5～0.8).
Also can set up blade to containing the relational expression between the nitrogen trophic level in the absorbance of four wavelength and the blade, thereby calculate the nitrogen nutrition level of blade by the absorbance of four wavelength with multiple linear regression.
The lossless detection method of portable plant nitrogen provided by the invention and moisture and surveying instrument comprise: spectral measurement device is characterized in that: also comprise keyboard 8 and LCD 9 are installed on a shell 12, the shell 12; One battery case 11 in order to lay this machine working battery is set in the shell 12; And installation system circuit board 16, this system circuit board 16 is electrically connected with microcontroller 7 respectively by 4 paths of LEDs driving circuits 14, and battery is electrically connected with 4 paths of LEDs driving circuits 14; Microcontroller 7 transmits data by serial port circuit 10; Microcontroller 7 is electrically connected with keyboard 8 and LCD 9 on being installed in shell 12; Microcontroller 7 is electrically connected with light source 5 in the spectral measurement device; Also be electrically connected with photoelectric detector 6 by prime amplifier 15; Described spectral measurement device has 4 wavelength; Also comprise: be used for the blade folder 1 of clamping blade to be measured, blade folder 1 is installed on the shell 12; Be oppositely arranged in the upper arm 2 of blade folder and the underarm 3 on the 4 kinds of wavelength monochromatic sources 5 of analyzing usefulness and the photoelectric detector 6 of analyzing usefulness, its blade folder and have slideway, installation one is used for fixing the slip clamp 4 of neutral reference in the slideway, one blade to be measured is placed between the light source and detecting device of blade folder during measurement.
Also comprise a computing machine, microcontroller 7 electrically connects by serial port circuit 10 with computing machine.
In above-mentioned technical scheme, described 4 kinds of wavelength monochromatic sources 5 adopt has 4 kinds of wavelength LED, and its wavelength coverage is 650nm～1100nm; Comprise: single wavelength LED lamp is combined to form, and also can be a composite LED lamp that comprises at least 4 wavelength; And by microcontroller 7 its work of control.
Described system driving circuit can be made a block system circuit board with microcontroller, serial port circuit, this system driving circuit provide for light source power supply, control light source work, acquisition testing device detection signal and signal Processing is determined in the blade to be measured, measurement result is shown by display 9; The work of drive circuit board is controlled by keyboard 8, and has serial port circuit 10 and also be convenient to carry out communication with outer computer and be connected; Described microcontroller inside is provided with analog-digital converter (A/D converter).
In above-mentioned technical scheme, described neutral reference is to have the material of same absorbent effect to make the thin slice of (as pottery, teflon etc.) to each wavelength near infrared light, is used for the green strength I of each wavelength light of detection light source
0(4 wavelength are respectively I
01, I
02, I
03, I
04) and import microcontroller (7) into.When measuring blade, neutral reference is withdrawed from, change the plant fresh leaves and measure seeing through blade and get each wavelength light intensity I (4 wavelength are respectively I
1, I
2, I
3, I
4) and import microcontroller 7 into, microcontroller 7 utilizes the I of each wavelength
0, I calculates net result.
In above-mentioned technical scheme, described detecting device is a semi-conductor photodetector, is placed in the underarm of blade folder, also can be placed in the blade folder upper arm, in order to detect the green strength I of each wavelength analysis light
0And through the intensity I behind the blade, the signal of detection is sent to microcontroller, and is to be measured in treated definite blade.
In above-mentioned technical scheme, described display is LCD or other display, in order to display analysis result and test parameter.
The invention has the advantages that:
The lossless detection method of a kind of portable plant nitrogen of the present invention and moisture and surveying instrument are measured nitrogen content in the live body blade, raise the efficiency tens of times than the chemical method that tradition is measured, and do not produce environmentally harmful material; Multi-wavelength has proofreaied and correct background influence and the background composition disturbs, and has solved harmless, the accurately measurement of nitrogen content.Can be widely used in diagnosis, breeding, agricultural production and the scientific research of crop.
1, this method is that field live body blade is directly measured, and need not pluck blade and chemical pre-treatment, does not produce pollution, belongs to green assay method.
2, this method is to measure fast, raises the efficiency tens of times than the chemical method that tradition is measured.
3, adopt a plurality of wavelength combinations of at least 4, proofreaied and correct background influence and eliminated the interference of background composition.
4, can well eliminate of the influence of field parasitic light to measuring.
5, system adopts low power dissipation design, is suitable for portable.
6, measurement structure adopts the sliding blade folder, and is easy to use.
7, select the neutral reference of solid, solved the problem of light source output intensity and detecting device coupling.
8, adopt Chinese liquid crystal easy to use, and can directly demonstrate the plant nitrogen level.
9, can give PC with data upload.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that lossless detection method and the surveying instrument that is used for plant nitrogen and moisture of the present invention formed synoptic diagram (the figure dotted line represents to install parts in the enclosure)
Fig. 2 is that 4 wave spectrum measurement mechanisms in the system of the present invention are formed synoptic diagram
Fig. 3 is a system driving circuit device block diagram of the present invention
Fig. 4 is a system of the present invention testing process block diagram
The drawing explanation
The underarm of 1-blade folder, 2-blade folder upper arm, 3-blade folder
4-neutral reference slip clamp 5-light source 6-photoelectric detector
7-microcontroller, 8-keyboard, 9-display
10-serial port circuit, 11-battery case, 12-shell
13-blade or neutral reference 14-four paths of LEDs driving circuits 15-prime amplifier
16-system circuit board
Embodiment
With reference to accompanying drawing 1, develop the non-destructive measuring instrument of a kind of portable plant nitrogen and moisture, comprising: a shell 12, is installed in the blade folder 1 that is used for clamping blade to be measured on the shell 12; Described blade folder comprises upper arm 2 and underarm 3 two parts, is oppositely arranged the light source 5 of analyzing usefulness and the photoelectric detector 6 of analyzing usefulness in two arms, and this photoelectric detector is the PIN S6775 model bought on the market; Have the slideway (not shown) on its blade folder 1, neutral reference slip clamp 4 has been installed in the slideway, both are slidingly matched; Keyboard 8 and LCD 9 are installed on shell 12 1 walls; Be provided with battery case 11 and system circuit board 16 in the shell 12 in order to lay this machine working battery; Between light source of installing on two arms 5 and photoelectric detector 6, place a blade to be measured or neutral reference 13 during detection.
With reference to accompanying drawing 2 and 3: shown in the circuit system device make a plate, comprise 4 paths of LEDs driving circuits 14, serial port circuit 10, make a drive circuit board 16 with the microcontroller 7 of the band A/D converter of the C8051F007 model of buying on the market, the system that also is solidified with in the microcontroller 7 detects working procedure, and it detects operational flow diagram as shown in Figure 4; Wherein 4 paths of LEDs driving circuits 14 are electrically connected with the microcontroller 7 of C8051F007 model respectively; Microcontroller 7 passes data by serial port circuit 10; Microcontroller 7 is electrically connected with keyboard 8 and LCD 9 on being installed in shell 12; Microcontroller 7 with have 4 kinds of wavelength LED monochromatic sources 5, its wavelength coverage is 600nm～1000nm; (or the composite LED lamp that comprises at least 4 wavelength all can) be electrically connected; Also the prime amplifier 15 by a TLC272 model is electrically connected with PIN S6775 photoelectric detector 6, and the battery of installing in the battery case 11 is electrically connected with 4 paths of LEDs driving circuits 14.
Detection light by 4 kinds of wavelength LED outputs of C8051F007 microcontroller 7 controls, as seen this detection light be---the near infrared characteristic light is positioned at above the plant leaf blade as detection light source, PIN S6775 photoelectric detector is positioned at below neutral reference or the plant fresh leaves, and each wavelength that is used to detect through behind the neutral reference detects light intensity I
0(4 wavelength I
01, I
02, I
03, I
04) or through each wavelength detection light intensity I (4 the wavelength I behind the fresh leaves
1, I
2, I
3, I
4).Before measuring blade, neutral reference is inserted between light source and the photoelectric detector, to detect the green strength I of each wavelength light by slip clamp
0(4 wavelength I
01, I
02, I
03, I
04), through prime amplifier TLC272 enter microcontroller with the analog-digital converter input end, be converted to digital quantity and import microcontroller into.When measuring blade neutral reference is withdrawed from, change the plant fresh leaves and measure each wavelength light intensity I (4 the wavelength I that see through blade
1, I
2, I
3, I
4) and import microcontroller C8051F007 into.Data (the I of each wavelength that the microcontroller utilization detects
0With I) calculate each wavelength and detect the transmitance T (T=I/I of light fresh leaves
0), utilize the stoichiometry algorithm computation to go out the content of plant nitrogen in the blade then, result of calculation is shown by display screen or transmits data by the serial port circuit.
Use the above-mentioned portable plant nitrogen and the lossless detection method and the surveying instrument of moisture, carry out the field plant leaf blade and comprise measuring chlorophyll content in rape leave, Chinese cabbage leaf, Poplar leaves, the frame beans leaf, its concrete steps are as follows:
1 at first selects led light source 5 with 4 wavelength period characteristic light, be installed in the upper arm of blade folder 1, photoelectric detector 6 is installed in the underarm: this first wavelength period is expressed as 650～690nm with λ 1, second wavelength period is expressed as 740～760nm with λ 2, and the 3rd wavelength period is expressed as 890～940nm with λ 3; The 4th wavelength period is expressed as 960～980nm with λ 4.
2, start power supply.By mobile slip clamp 4 neutral reference 13 is inserted between light source 5 and the detecting device 6;
3, to control the light source output light wavelength in the multi-wavelength spectrum measurement mechanism respectively be λ 1=650～690nm to microcontroller 7, λ 2=740～760nm, λ 3=890～940nm, λ 4=960～980nm, when led light source sends detection light respectively, receive by photoelectric detector 6 after seeing through neutral reference, promptly be decided to be the green strength I of each wavelength light
0(4 wavelength I
01, I
02, I
03), through preposition amplification 15 and analog-digital converter, input microcontroller 7;
4, neutral reference 13 is withdrawed from, change plant fresh leaves 13 to be measured; This blade to be measured is placed in the upper arm 2 and underarm 3 clips of described multi-wavelength spectrum measurement mechanism, manually opens during mensuration and sandwich that the strength by spring clamps automatically behind the blade; Measure each wavelength light intensity I (4 the wavelength I that see through blade
1, I
2, I
3, I
4) through preposition amplification and analog-digital converter, input microcontroller 7; Its neutral reference is to have the material of same absorbent effect to make to each wavelength near infrared light, and the thin slice of usefulness pottery or teflon is made, and is used for the green strength I of detection light source 5 each wavelength light
0(4 wavelength I
01, I
02, I
3, I
04) and import microcontroller 7;
5, microcontroller 7 utilizes the data (I of each wavelength that detects
0With I) calculate each wavelength and detect the transmitance T (T=I/I of light fresh leaves
0), utilize following multiple linear system of equations then, utilize the stoichiometry algorithm computation to go out the level of plant nitrogen in the blade, the result is shown by display screen.
Described system of equations is as follows:
With blade the absorbance difference of No. 1 wavelength X 1 and No. 2 wavelength X 2 be can be regarded as out the blade content of chlorophyll; The absorbance difference of No. 3 wavelength X 3 and No. 4 wavelength X 4 be can be regarded as out the content of moisture in the blade with blade:
Chlorophyll content Cchl (μ g/cm in the blade
2)
Cchl＝K1(A1-A2)+E1
Wherein A1 is the absorbance of blade to λ 1, and A2 is the absorbance of blade to λ 2, and K1 is a coefficient, and K1 equals 10～40, and E1 is an error term.
Moisture Cx (mg/cm in the blade
2)
Cx＝K2(A4-A3)+E2
Wherein A4 is the absorbance of blade to λ 4, and A3 is the absorbance of blade to λ 3, and K2 is a coefficient, and K2 equals 20～80, and E2 is an error term.
By blade content of chlorophyll C
ChlContent C with moisture
xCan calculate the horizontal NI of plant nitrogen:
NI＝A*C
Chl+B*C
x
NI is the plant nitrogen level; A is chlorophyll related coefficient (as 1～1.5); B is moisture related coefficient (as 0.5～0.8).
Also can set up blade to containing the relational expression between the nitrogen trophic level in the absorbance of four wavelength and the blade, thereby calculate the nitrogen nutrition level of blade by the absorbance of four wavelength with multiple linear regression.
Claims (6)
1. the lossless detection method of portable plant nitrogen and moisture is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
A, at first starts power supply, and mobile slip clamp (4) is inserted neutral reference (13) between light source (5) and the photoelectric detector (6);
B, microcontroller (7) are controlled led light source (5) timesharing output detection light wavelength in the 4 wave spectrum measurement mechanisms respectively, its wavelength is λ 1=650～690nm, λ 2=740～760nm, λ 3=890～940nm, λ 4=960～980nm detects the green strength I that is received each wavelength light behind the neutral reference of light transmission by photoelectric detector (6)
01, I
02, I
03I
04, 4 wavelength place light intensities are through preposition amplification (15) and the inner set A/D analog-digital converter of microcontroller, input microcontroller (7);
C, neutral reference (13) is withdrawed from, change plant fresh leaves (13) to be measured; The blade that this blade to be measured is placed on described 4 wave spectrum measurement mechanisms presss from both sides clamping in (1), and repeating step B measures each the wavelength light intensity I that sees through plant fresh leaves to be measured
1, I
2, I
3, I
4, the analog-digital converter through preposition amplification and microcontroller inside, input microcontroller (7);
The data I that D, microcontroller (7) utilization are detected
0With I, calculate each wavelength and detect the transmitance T=I/I of light fresh leaves
0, utilize the multiple linear system of equations to calculate the relative content value M of reflection nitrogen level in the blade then, the result is shown by display screen;
E, the absorbance difference of No. 1 wavelength X 1 and No. 2 wavelength X 2 be can be regarded as out the blade content of chlorophyll with blade; The absorbance difference of No. 3 wavelength X 3 and No. 4 wavelength X 4 be can be regarded as out the content of moisture in the blade with blade:
Chlorophyll content Cchl (μ g/cm in the blade
2)
Cchl＝K1(A1-A2)+E1
Wherein A1 is the absorbance of blade to λ 1, and A2 is the absorbance of blade to λ 2, and K1 is a coefficient, and K1 equals 10～40, and E1 is an error term;
Moisture Cx (mg/cm in the blade
2)
Cx＝K2(A4-A3)+E2
Wherein A4 is the absorbance of blade to λ 4, and A3 is the absorbance of blade to λ 3, and K2 is a coefficient, and K2 equals 20～80, and E2 is an error term;
By blade content of chlorophyll C
ChlContent C with moisture
xCan calculate the horizontal NI of plant nitrogen:
NI＝A*C
chl+B*C
x
NI is the plant nitrogen level; A is chlorophyll related coefficient (as 1～1.5); B is moisture related coefficient (as 0.5～0.8);
Also can set up blade to containing the relational expression between the nitrogen trophic level in the absorbance of four wavelength and the blade, thereby calculate the nitrogen nutrition level of blade by the absorbance of four wavelength with multiple linear regression.
2, a kind of application rights requires the surveying instrument of the lossless detection method of 1 described portable plant nitrogen and moisture, comprise: spectral measurement device, it is characterized in that: also comprise a shell (12), keyboard (8) and LCD (9) are installed on the shell (12); One battery case (11) in order to lay this machine working battery is set in the shell (12); And installation system circuit board (16), this system circuit board (16) is electrically connected with microcontroller (7) respectively by 4 paths of LEDs driving circuits (14), and battery is electrically connected with 4 paths of LEDs driving circuits (14); Microcontroller (7) transmits data by serial port circuit (10); Microcontroller (7) is electrically connected with keyboard (8) and LCD (9) on being installed in shell (12); Microcontroller (7) is electrically connected with light source (5) in the spectral measurement device; Also be electrically connected with photoelectric detector (6) by prime amplifier (15); Described spectral measurement device has 4 wavelength; Also comprise the blade folder (1) that is used for clamping blade to be measured, blade folder (1) is installed on the shell (12); Be oppositely arranged 4 kinds of wavelength monochromatic sources (5) of analysis usefulness and photoelectric detector (6), its blade of analysis usefulness in the upper arm (2) of blade folder and the underarm (3) and have slideway on pressing from both sides, installation one is used for fixing the slip clamp (4) of neutral reference in the slideway.Leaf to be measured or neutral reference (13) are clamped by last underarm (2), (3), so that measure.
3. by the described surveying instrument of claim 2, it is characterized in that: also comprise a computing machine, microcontroller (7) electrically connects by serial port circuit (10) with computing machine.
4. by the described surveying instrument of claim 2, it is characterized in that: described neutral reference (13) is to use different wave length is had the thin slice that the neutral material of same absorbent effect is made, and this sheeting comprises pottery, teflon etc.
5. by the described surveying instrument of claim 2, it is characterized in that: described optical source wavelength scope is 600nm～1000nm; Comprise: single wavelength LED lamp is combined to form, or comprises the composite LED lamp of 4 wavelength.
6. by the described surveying instrument of claim 2, it is characterized in that: described photoelectric detector is a semi-conductor photodetector.
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