CN1714233A - 采用氢工作的内燃机的效率提高 - Google Patents

采用氢工作的内燃机的效率提高 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1714233A
CN1714233A CNA2003801038241A CN200380103824A CN1714233A CN 1714233 A CN1714233 A CN 1714233A CN A2003801038241 A CNA2003801038241 A CN A2003801038241A CN 200380103824 A CN200380103824 A CN 200380103824A CN 1714233 A CN1714233 A CN 1714233A
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China
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combustion engine
internal
hydrogen
medium
internal combustion
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CNA2003801038241A
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English (en)
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罗伯特·阿德勒
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
    • F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/02—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels
    • F02D19/021—Control of components of the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/022—Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel pressure, temperature or composition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0287—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers characterised by the transition from liquid to gaseous phase ; Injection in liquid phase; Cooling and low temperature storage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/06—Apparatus for de-liquefying, e.g. by heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/10—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0206—Non-hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0215—Mixtures of gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Biogas; Mine gas; Landfill gas
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

本发明描述了一种用于向内燃机中输送可在内燃机中燃烧的介质、特别是低温介质、如氢的方法。根据本发明，该介质在输送到内燃机中之前被加热到至少环境温度、优选被加热到至少500℃的温度，并且以100－500bar的压力输送到内燃机中。在此，介质的加热优选至少部分地通过与内燃机的废气流或多个废气流之一的热交换实现。

Description

采用氢工作的内燃机的效率提高
本发明涉及一种用于将可在内燃机中燃烧的介质、特别是低温介质、如氢输送到内燃机中的方法。
在上述类型的、用来向内燃机输送介质、特别是低温介质的方法中-迄今为止只应用氢用于这个目的-可能的经改进了的内燃机通常具有氢-进气管喷射系统，在此，它基本上相当于在传统的汽油机中所使用的进气管喷射系统。
由于这种具有氢-进气管喷射系统的内燃机效率低，因此现在正试验采用共轨高压喷射系统。
共轨高压喷射系统虽然不能显著改善内燃机的效率，然而用它可以提高发动机升功率。
在迄今为止使用的、具有氢-进气管喷射装置的内燃机中，缺点是在进气管中气态的氢排挤出了一大部分吸入的空气和从而只有较少的氧可供燃烧使用。这导致了，采用氢工作的、具有进气喷射装置的内燃机的升功率大大小于采用汽油-或柴油工作的内燃机的升功率。
在封闭的汽缸中高压喷射气态的氢时-也即在一个或多个进气门封闭时-克服了该缺点。为了节省压缩功，气态的氢在封闭的汽缸中的喷射有利地刚好在活塞的上止点之前进行。
在上止点中，吸入的空气的温度约为275℃。现在如果将冷的氢喷入汽缸的燃烧室中，则降低了压缩温度和从而消除了压缩功。
本发明的任务是，提出一种开头所述类型的用于向内燃机输送介质、特别是低温介质的方法，它避免了上述缺点。
为了解决这任务，提出了一种开头所述类型的方法，其特征在于，介质在输送到内燃机中之前被加热到至少环境温度，优选加热到至少500℃的温度，并且以100-500bar的压力、优选以200-300bar的压力输送到内燃机中。
输送到内燃机中的介质被加热的温度的高低由此确定，即取决于在汽缸的燃烧室中形成的空气/介质-混合物是被强迫点火还是自燃的。
原则上，输送到内燃机中的介质被加热的温度可以不足够高。温度上限在具体的情况下根据介质的种类以及可用于加热介质的能量确定。
所需的100-500bar的喷射压力特别在使用液氢作为燃料时可以在氢-贮存容器内在液相中就已经被比较而言有效地建立。
根据本发明的用于向内燃机输送介质的方法的一个有利的方案，介质在输送到内燃机中之前的加热至少部分地通过与内燃机的废气流的或多个废气流之一的热交换实现。
对于上述的本发明方法的方案，可设想替换的或补充的方法方式，如电加热、通过燃烧该介质的一部分而加热等等。合乎目的地，这些替换的或补充的方法方式主要在内燃机的起动阶段被使用。
本发明的用于向内燃机输送介质的方法可使内燃机的效率提高直至约50％，然而当时的效率提高取决于所选择的压缩比以及所选择的喷射压力。
上述的发明方案对于所有可用作为燃料的介质都是有意义的并且是可应用的，这些介质在所实现的温度下不分解或裂解。对于这些燃料，在液相中压力被提高，并且之后在喷嘴前汽化。
对于气态的燃料，如天然气或GH2，只能获得能量的一部分，因为该燃料必须由气态被压缩，然而在此贮存容器中的容器压力有帮助。

Claims (3)

1、一种用于向内燃机中输送可在内燃机中燃烧的介质、特别是低温介质，如氢的方法，其特征在于，该介质在其输送到内燃机中之前被加热到至少环境温度，优选被加热到至少500℃的温度，并且以100-500bar的压力被输送到内燃机中。
2、根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，被加热的介质以200-300bar的压力被输送到内燃机中。
3、根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于，介质的加热至少部分地通过与内燃机的废气流或多个废气流之一的热交换实现。
CNA2003801038241A 2002-11-20 2003-11-14 采用氢工作的内燃机的效率提高 Pending CN1714233A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10254156A DE10254156A1 (de) 2002-11-20 2002-11-20 Wirkungsgraderhöhung von mit Wasserstoff betriebenen Verbrennungsmotoren
DE10254156.6 2002-11-20

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US (1) US20060236988A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP1563180A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2006506574A (zh)
CN (1) CN1714233A (zh)
AU (1) AU2003288066A1 (zh)
DE (1) DE10254156A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2004046535A1 (zh)

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JP4730154B2 (ja) * 2006-03-15 2011-07-20 トヨタ自動車株式会社 ガス燃料エンジン
WO2023004017A1 (en) * 2021-07-22 2023-01-26 Achates Power, Inc. Hydrogen-powered opposed-piston engine
WO2023158615A1 (en) 2022-02-21 2023-08-24 Achates Power, Inc. Hydrogen opposed-piston engine

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Publication number Publication date
EP1563180A1 (de) 2005-08-17
JP2006506574A (ja) 2006-02-23
DE10254156A1 (de) 2004-07-01
AU2003288066A1 (en) 2004-06-15
US20060236988A1 (en) 2006-10-26
WO2004046535A1 (de) 2004-06-03

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