CN1713866A - 椎间植入物 - Google Patents

椎间植入物 Download PDF

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CN1713866A
CN1713866A CNA028300602A CN02830060A CN1713866A CN 1713866 A CN1713866 A CN 1713866A CN A028300602 A CNA028300602 A CN A028300602A CN 02830060 A CN02830060 A CN 02830060A CN 1713866 A CN1713866 A CN 1713866A
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intervertebral implant
sliding surface
joint
joint component
pivot center
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M·埃比
D·布卡德
R·弗里格
B·莱希曼
小罗伯特·马蒂斯
P·帕夫洛夫
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AO Technology AG
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MARS MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY AG
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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Abstract

一种椎间植入物(1),其中两部分(10、20)可通过两个在两部分(10、20)之间设置的关节(38、39)相互相对运动;每一关节(38、39)具有一转动轴线(3、4)并且两转动轴线(3、4)相互垂直设置;两关节(38、39)通过一连接于上面的部分(10)的上面的关节部分(31)、一中间的关节部分(32)和一连接于下面的部分(20)的关节部分(33)实现;其中一个外部的关节部分(31、33)包括至少一个关于一转动轴线(3、4)旋转对称的凹的滑动面(58);以及中间的关节部分(32)包括至少一个互补于该凹的滑动面(58)的凸的滑动面(57);其特征在于,另一个外部的关节部分(31、33)包括至少一个关于另一转动轴线(3、4)旋转对称的凸的滑动面(55);以及中间的关节部分(32)包括至少一个互补于该凸的滑动面(55)的凹的滑动面(56)。

Description

椎间植入物
技术领域
本发明涉及一种按照权利要求1前序部分所述的椎间植入物和一种按照权利要求19所述的由一椎间植入物替换一缺损的天然的椎间盘的方法。
背景技术
在去掉一损伤的天然椎间盘或一椎间盘的损伤的核髓质以后,将植入物或假体插入两相邻的椎骨体的椎间空隙中。其目的是,尽可能重新恢复天然的状态,亦即特别是恢复原来的椎间盘高度并从而恢复两邻接的椎骨体之间的原来的间距。此外,应该可尽可能无妨碍地以其天然的方式实现邻接的椎骨体相互相对的运动。对此重要的是,保持在向前/向后倾斜,亦即椎骨体的屈曲和伸展时以及在椎骨体的侧向弯曲时在天然限度内的活动自由的可能性。天然的韧带和肌肉沿脊柱基本上是无损伤的,从而它们进一步稳定一机械的椎间盘假体的活动。
由DE-A 35 29 761 BTTNER已知一种同类型的椎间盘内假体。该已知的椎间盘内假体基本上包括两个对称的具有相互面对的凹的滑动面的端接板并且包括各一个用于贴靠到邻接的椎骨体的底板上或盖板上的外表面以及一在两端接板之间定位的隔板,其具有与各个端接板上的凹的滑动面互补构成的凸的滑动面。这些滑动面在一实施形式中构成为一圆柱体外表面的部分表面,其中在两端接板上设置的滑动面设计为互补于各一个邻接的在隔板上的滑动面并且各两个互补的滑动面构成一可绕一转动轴线转动的关节部分的可相互移动的骨关节表面。该关节包括各具有一个转动轴线的一上关节部分和一下关节部分。两转动轴线相互位错90°。该已知的椎间盘内假体的缺点是:
a)椎间盘内假体只具有一个转动中心的构造没有考虑到通过天然的椎间盘可传递的重叠的转动运动特别是在前后的和侧向的屈曲的情况下,其在天然的椎间盘中彼此是独立的;
b)由于剪切运动,特别在沿前后的方向平移的情况下椎骨关节(小面关节)受负荷,因此可能引起病人的疼痛;
c)在两可相互滑动的骨关节表面上产生不利的摩擦力。此外在表面上产生磨损,亦即其中还在关节部分的运动中产生磨损和阻力。并且具有“粘滞滑动(stick-slip)”效应的危险;
d)机械的椎间盘假体几乎不可能阻止涉及的运动节段的继续的衰退。原来的运动状况的恢复大大减小疼痛并且提高病人的生活质量。但在重新出现疼痛时必须进行护理的修正。在这种情况下通常完全去掉按传统的结构形式的椎间盘假体并且加固运动节段。这样的手术特别使病人受负担;以及
e)一般没有考虑对各相邻的椎骨体的接触表面的形状。传统的结构形式的椎间盘假体植入物具有平面的(平坦的)接触表面,其常常还补充许多龙骨状的突起部分。
发明内容
在这里本发明将消除这种弊端。本发明的目的在于,提供一种椎间植入物,其只允许绕各规定的转动轴线的转动运动而不允许椎骨体的任何平移运动。
本发明达到提出的目的是利用具有权利要求1的特征的椎间植入物和一种用于由一椎间植入物替换一缺损的天然的椎间盘的方法,其包括权利要求19的步骤。
可看出通过本发明取得的优点基本上在于,由于本发明的椎间植入物,使得
—在前后方向和向侧面的转动运动彼此是独立的;
—消除椎骨体的平移运动,因此可使各小面关节可得到保护(不损伤);
—各转动轴线考虑到解剖学的情况。
在本发明的椎间植入物的一优选的实施形式中,各滑动面构成为圆柱体外表面的部分表面。代替圆柱体外表面的部分表面,其他的旋转对称的圆柱形外表面例如圆锥外表面的部分表面也是可能的。
在本发明的椎间植入物的另一实施形式中,例如下面的关节部分包括至少一个关于第一转动轴线旋转对称的下面的凹的滑动面而中间的关节部分包括至少一个互补于该下面的凹的滑动面的凸的滑动面。上面的关节部分包括至少一个关于第二转动轴线旋转对称的上面的凸的滑动面而中间的关节部分包括至少一个互补于该上面的凸的滑动面的上面的凹的滑动面。两个滑动面对的反向也是可能的,从而上面的关节部分包括至少一个关于第一转动轴线旋转对称的上面的凹的滑动面而中间的关节部分包括至少一个互补于该上面的凹的滑动面的上面的凸的滑动面。在这种情况下反向地适用于下面的关节部分,于是其包括至少一个关于第二转动轴线旋转对称的下面的凸的滑动面,而在这里中间的关节部分包括至少一个互补于该下面的凸的滑动面的下面的凹的滑动面。通过这样地构造关节,使中间的关节部分具有一凸的滑动面和关于中心轴线轴向对置的一凹的滑动面,并且各外面的关节部分设计成互补的,可达到椎间植入物的最小的结构高度。
由于天然的转动轴线在沿脊柱不同的椎间盘空隙中的不同的位置,各转动轴线的设置可以是歪斜的或相交的。
作为适用于椎间植入物的各设有滑动面的部分的材料配对基本上是金属—金属、金属—陶瓷或金属—塑料配对。作为金属优选含铁的或无铁的金属合金,而作为陶瓷材料优选可采用AlOn和ZrOn。可用于植入物的塑料中优选采用高分子的热塑性塑料,不过也可以采用PEEK(聚醚醚酮)。
在本发明的椎间植入物的另一实施形式中,从前侧的侧面开始在两部分上可安装装置,借助这些装置可以在前侧按一相互相对规定的间距固定该两部分。借此可取得的优点是,用于插入椎间空隙中的两部分可处于一具有保持不变的高度的位置,并且在插入椎间空隙中以后可绕关节运动并可贴靠到邻接的椎骨体的底板或盖板上。
在本发明的椎间植入物的另一实施形式中,所述装置使两部分绕关节的活动性可以暂时锁定。借此可取得的优点是,借助一最小的侵入手术就可锁定集成于椎间空隙中的关节。这对于以下情况是特别有利的,即在出现手术后的疼痛时,亦即所涉及的脊柱节段的继续衰退并且使外科医生考虑所涉及的椎骨的融合术。优选该装置可安装到两部分的两前侧的侧面上。借其,通过后来将两部分绕关节的活动性二次锁定而加固椎间植入物并转为一关节固定术植入物(融合架)。
在本发明的椎间植入物的另一实施形式中,该装置包括一插件,其可插入上面的和下面的部分的相互面对的表面上的各一个凹槽中。优选这些凹槽构成为燕尾槽导轨,其在前侧的侧面是敞开的,从而设计为互补于燕尾槽导轨的插件各端部可从前侧推入各燕尾槽导轨中。借此可取得的优点是,通过插件的推入可锁定两部分绕关节的活动性。当这样地构成燕尾槽导轨,使其向椎间植入物的中心轴线的方向逐渐缩小。从而插件可附加楔入燕尾槽导轨中时,可以提高锁定的刚性。
在本发明的椎间植入物的又一实施形式中,两部分设有多个用以容纳骨固定装置的钻孔、特别是接骨螺钉的钻孔,其中各钻孔具有纵轴线,其倾斜于中心轴线定位。优选两部分之一的各两个钻孔从前侧的侧面穿过对合表面。其中如果只设有椎间植入物的一个轴向固定,各纵轴线从侧面看只倾斜于中心轴线,或如果设有椎间植入物的一角稳定的固定,从前侧看也从两部分的内表面向对合表面的方向岔开。
在本发明的椎间植入物的另一实施形式中,用于容纳骨固定装置的各钻孔设有内螺纹,借此可达到骨固定装置附加地刚性固定在两部分中。优选各钻孔圆锥形地构成,从而通过内螺纹与骨固定装置的头部上的外螺纹之间的圆锥形螺纹连接可达到骨固定装置在两部分的任一个上加强地固定。
本发明的方法基本上用来由一椎间植入物,替换一缺损的天然的椎间盘并且包括下列步骤:
A)将一椎间植入物的一个或各个关节借助为其设定的装置锁定在一个或各个关节的规定的位置;
B)将该椎间植入物插入待治疗的椎间空隙中;
C)脱开和去掉用于锁定一个或各个关节的插入椎间植入物中的装置。通过关节的锁定可取得的优点是,各活动的部分可由外部的对合表面更容易地插入待治疗的椎间空隙中。
在本发明的方法的另一应用中,其包括借助为锁定一个或各个关节而设置的装置事后在植入的椎间植入物上锁定一个或各个关节。借此可取得的优点是,在病人出现手术后的疼痛或在涉及的运动节段继续退化的情况下,在手术后通过插入为此设定的装置可将一个或各个关节锁定在椎间植入物上。该事后的锁定利用一最小的侵入手术、优选腔镜外科的(lapraskopischen)手术是可能的。椎间植入物然后承担一架的功能,从而可以加固涉及的脊柱的运动节段。
附图说明
以下借助多个实施例的局部示意图还要更详细地说明本发明和本发明的进一步构成,其中:
图1 本发明的椎间植入物的一实施形式的分解图;
图2 图1中所示的本发明的椎间植入物的实施形式在组装状态下的透视图;
图3 本发明的椎间植入物的另一实施形式的侧视图;以及
图4 按图3的实施形式的前侧的透视图。
具体实施方式
图1和2中示出本发明的椎间植入物1的一个实施形式,其包括一上面的部分10,该上面的部分具有一上面的横向于中心轴线2设置的对合表面15用于贴靠到一邻接的椎骨体的底板上;还包括一下面的部分20以及两个关节38、39,该下面的部分具有一下面的横向于中心轴线2设置的对合表面25用于贴靠到邻接的椎骨体的盖板上。上面的部分10和下面的部分20经由关节38、39可相互相对活动地连接,其中上面的部分10相对于下面的部分20绕第一横向于中心轴线2设置的转动轴线3的活动性限制在+10°至-6°的角度范围内,而绕第二横向于中心轴线2且垂直于第一转动轴线3设置的转动轴线4限制在±7°的角度内。
两关节38、39由三个关节部分31、32、33构成,其中下面的关节部分33和上面的关节部分31各构成一个与中间的关节部分32配合作用的关节38、39。两关节38、39各具有一转动轴线3、4,其中两转动轴线相互垂直并垂直于中心轴线2定位。下面的关节39包括一在中间的关节部分32上设置的同轴于第一转动轴线3的下面的凸的滑动面57和一在下面的关节部分33上设置的互补于滑动面55的下面的凹的滑动面58作为关节表面。上面的关节38包括一在上面的关节部分31上设置的同轴于第二转动轴线4的上面的凸的滑动面55和一在中间的关节部分32上设置的互补于滑动面55的下面的凹的滑动面56作为关节表面。滑动面55、56、57、58构成为圆柱体外表面的部分表面。
此外在上面的和在中间的关节部分31、32上,在轴向端部设有同轴于转动轴线3、4的凸块90,其可移动地容纳于下面的关节部分和中间的关节部分32中的长孔导轨91内。通过在长孔导轨91内引导的凸块90限制关节部分31、32、33绕转动轴线3、4的转角。并且椎间植入物1通过容纳在各长孔导轨91内的凸块90结合在一起。
两部分10、20相互相对的活动性可由装置40可拆式地锁定。装置40在图中所示的实施形式中包括一可从两部10、20的前侧的侧面11、21横向于中心轴线2且平行于两部分10、20的侧向的侧面13、14、23、24插入的插件41。插件41插入到两凹槽42、43中,所述凹槽构成为燕尾槽导轨。插件41从两部分10、20的前侧的侧面11、21插入到构成为燕尾槽导轨的凹槽42、43中并且借助一螺钉44固定在下面的部分20上。并且插件41在端部构成为互补于凹槽42、43,从而两部分10、20在插入插件41的情况下平行于中心轴线2相互相对固定。
图3和4中示出本发明的椎间植入物1的一个实施形式,其不同于图1和2中所示的实施形式的只在于,两部分10、20包括用于容纳骨固定装置81的钻孔80,其中骨固定装置80在这里构成为骨螺钉。各钻孔80具有纵轴线83,其与中心轴线2之间包含一角度γ。此外两部分10、20之一的各两个钻孔80从前侧的侧面11、21穿过对合表面15、25。各钻孔80的纵轴线83从侧面看(图3)和从前侧看(图4)均倾斜于中心轴线2定位。此外各钻孔80设计为成圆锥形向对合表面15、25方向逐渐缩小并且设有内螺纹82,其用于可旋紧地容纳构成为骨螺钉的骨固定装置81的设有互补的外螺纹的螺钉头部84。

Claims (20)

1.一种椎间植入物(1)、特别是人造的椎间盘,包括一中心轴线(2)、一上面的部分(10)和一下面的部分(20),所述上面的部分适于贴靠到一位于其上面的椎骨体的底板上,所述下面的部分适于贴靠到一位于其下面的椎骨体的盖板上,其中
A)上面的部分(10)具有一前侧的侧面(11)、一背侧的侧面(12)、两侧向的侧面(13、14)、一上面的对合表面(15)和一下面的表面(16);
B)下面的部分(20)具有一前侧的侧面(21)、一背侧的侧面(22)、两侧向的侧面(23、24)、一下面的对合表面(25)和一上面的表面(26);其中
C)两部分(10、20)可通过两个在两部分(10、20)之间设置的关节(38、39)相互相对运动;
D)每一关节(38、39)具有一转动轴线(3、4)并且这两个转动轴线(3、4)相互垂直设置;
E)两关节(38、39)通过一与上面的部分(10)连接的上面的关节部分(31)、一中间的关节部分(32)和一与下面的部分(20)连接的关节部分(33)实现;
F)其中一个外部的关节部分(31、33)包括至少一个关于一转动轴线(3、4)旋转对称的凹的滑动面(58);以及
G)中间的关节部分(32)包括至少一个互补于该凹的滑动面(58)的凸的滑动面(57);
其特征在于,
H)另一个外部的关节部分(31、33)包括至少一个关于另一转动轴线(3、4)旋转对称的凸的滑动面(55);以及
I)中间的关节部分(32)包括至少一个互补于该凸的滑动面(55)的凹的滑动面(56)。
2.按照权利要求1所述的椎间植入物(1),其特征在于,下面的关节部分(33)包括至少一个关于第一转动轴线(3)旋转对称的下面的凹的滑动面(58)而中间的关节部分(32)包括至少一个互补于下面的凹的滑动面(58)的下面的凸的滑动面(57)。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的椎间植入物(1),其特征在于,上面的关节部分(31)包括至少一个关于第二转动轴线(4)旋转对称的上面的凸的滑动面(55)而中间的关节部分(32)包括至少一个互补于上面的凸的滑动面(55)的上面的凹的滑动面(56)。
4.按照权利要求1至3之一项所述的椎间植入物(1),其特征在于,滑动面(55、56、57、58)为圆柱体外表面的部分表面。
5.按照权利要求1至4之一项所述的椎间植入物(1),其特征在于,转动轴线(3、4)相互歪斜地设置。
6.按照权利要求1至4之一项所述的椎间植入物(1),其特征在于,转动轴线(3、4)位于一个平面内。
7.按照权利要求1至6之一项所述的椎间植入物(1),其特征在于,设有装置(40),这些装置将两部分(10、20)保持于在其前侧的侧面(11、21)测量的彼此不变的间距上。
8.按照权利要求1至6之一项所述的椎间植入物(1),其特征在于,设有装置(40),这些装置适合造成暂时锁定两部分(10、20)绕关节(38、39)的活动性。
9.按照权利要求7或8所述的椎间植入物(1),其特征在于,所述装置(40)可在两前侧的侧面(11、21)安装在两部分(10、20)上。
10.按照权利要求8或9所述的椎间植入物(1),其特征在于,所述装置(40)包括一具有一下端部(45)和一上端部(46)的插件(41)并且在两部分(10、20)上包括各一个在表面(16、26)中的凹槽(42、43),所述凹槽在前侧的侧面(11、21)上是敞开的,并且插件(41)可以其端部(45、46)插入各一个凹槽(42、43)中。
11.按照权利要求10所述的椎间植入物(1),其特征在于,凹槽(42、43)是燕尾槽导轨并且插件(41)上的两端部(45、46)设计为互补于该燕尾槽导轨。
12.按照权利要求11所述的椎间植入物(1),其特征在于,各燕尾槽导轨从前侧的侧面(11、21)向背侧的侧面(12、22)逐渐缩小。
13.按照权利要求1至12之一项所述的椎间植入物(1),其特征在于,上面的和下面的部分(10、20)各包括至少两个从前侧的侧面(11、21)向对合表面(15、25)穿过的具有纵轴线(83)的钻孔(80),用于容纳骨固定装置(81)。
14.按照权利要求13所述的椎间植入物(1),其特征在于,各钻孔(80)的纵轴线(83)与中心轴线(2)之间成一角度γ。
15.按照权利要求14所述的椎间植入物(1),其特征在于,角度γ在20°与65°的范围内。
16.按照权利要求13至15之一项所述的椎间植入物(1),其特征在于,各钻孔(80)的纵轴线(83)从前侧的侧面(11、21)看从内表面(16、26)向对合表面(15、25)岔开。
17.按照权利要求13至16之一项所述的椎间植入物(1),其特征在于,各钻孔(80)向对合表面(15、25)呈圆锥形逐渐缩小。
18.按照权利要求13至17之一项所述的椎间植入物(1),其特征在于,各钻孔(80)具有内螺纹(82)。
19.用于由一椎间植入物替换一缺损的天然的椎间盘的方法,其特征在于下列步骤:
A)借助为其设定的装置(40)将一椎间植入物(1)的一个或各个关节(38、39)锁定在一个或各个关节(38、39)的一规定的位置;
B)将该椎间植入物(1)插入待治疗的椎间空隙中;
C)脱开和去掉用于锁定一个或各个关节(38、39)的插入到椎间植入物(1)中的装置(40)。
20.按照权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,它附加包括借助装置(40)将一个或各个关节(38、39)事后锁定在植入的椎间植入物(1)上。
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BR0215964A (pt) 2005-09-27
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HUP0500740A2 (en) 2006-04-28
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DE50212252D1 (de) 2008-06-19
NZ540268A (en) 2006-07-28

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