CN1711142A - Profile element pipe for hydraulic bulging, hydraulic bulging device and method using the element pipe, and hydraulically bulged product - Google Patents
Profile element pipe for hydraulic bulging, hydraulic bulging device and method using the element pipe, and hydraulically bulged product Download PDFInfo
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- CN1711142A CN1711142A CNA2003801028470A CN200380102847A CN1711142A CN 1711142 A CN1711142 A CN 1711142A CN A2003801028470 A CNA2003801028470 A CN A2003801028470A CN 200380102847 A CN200380102847 A CN 200380102847A CN 1711142 A CN1711142 A CN 1711142A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 33
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 109
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 34
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 2
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- 241000238367 Mya arenaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000031481 Pathologic Constriction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005267 amalgamation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000024330 bloating Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000037804 stenosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000036262 stenosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
- B21D26/045—Closing or sealing means
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Abstract
A profile element pipe for hydraulic bulging of the present invention has a peripheral length with an outer diameter gradually increasing or decreasing from one axial side toward the other thereof and has a parallel part formed on at least one end thereof. According to a bulging device and a bulging method using this profile element pipe, for example, even when a profile steel pipe having a cross sectional shape varying in the axial direction as in a tapered pipe is hydraulically bulged, a bulging in which an internal pressure loading and an shaft pressing are combined with each other can be performed to provide a larger expansion ratio than a conventional case and a joining and socket connection thereof to the other part can also be easily performed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of feed flow presses the special-shaped shell of bulging processing usefulness, reaches the hydraulic expanding-forming processed goods that adopts this abnormal shape shell to carry out hydraulic expanding-forming processing unit (plant), the hydraulic expanding-forming processing method of hydraulic expanding-forming processing and applied hydraulic expanding-forming processing.
Background technology
Hydraulic expanding-forming processing is compared with other forming and machining methods, has lot of advantages.For example, owing to the part of the different complicated shape of energy processing length direction cross sectional shape, so can will must process with monolithic molding with traditional machine components that carry out solder joints.In addition, because this processing can produce work hardening applying on the whole position of processing, so even adopt soft shell also can obtain high-intensity goods.
And the resilience after the processing is little, the dimensional accuracy of goods good (shape freezing is good).Therefore, do not need manual operation of correcting product size, can simplify working process.
Hydraulic expanding-forming processing has above-mentioned advantage, recently, particularly is used as the manufacture method of automobile with part.
Usually, when utilizing hydraulic expanding-forming to shape processing tube, adopt length direction have even circular section straight tube (below, be called " straight shell ") as the blank material, after the bending machining and compressive strain processing that this blank material have been applied as " giving shaping ", implement the final operation of hydraulic expanding-forming processing as manufacturing procedure.Through a series of like this manufacturing procedure, can make the hydraulic expanding-forming processed goods that is processed to the regulation shape by straight shell.
Fig. 1 is the key diagram of the final operation in straight shell of employing tradition and the hydraulic expanding-forming processing manufacturing procedure that obtains goods.As shown in the drawing, in hydraulic expanding-forming processing, among the straight shell P1 in being located in mould 1,2 up and down, inject working fluids by inlet 3 as final operation, with interior pressure as loading.And, utilize the axle pusher 4,5 of pressing load, double as sealing tool in applying, from two pipe ends to axial push shell P1 (below, be called " axle pushing ").
In hydraulic expanding-forming processing, press load and axle pushing to make up in will applying, make goods P2 with various cross sectional shapes.In addition, the axle pusher 4,5 of double as sealing tool is connected with not shown hydraulic cylinder, and in hydraulic expanding-forming processing, controls its axial location and a pushing force.
In the hydraulic expanding-forming processing, from pipe end axle pushing vertically, have the effect that plastic deformation when promoting that shell bloats flows, improves shell expander boundary.For this reason, in hydraulic expanding-forming processing,, be extremely important manufacturing procedure from pipe end axle pushing vertically.
Concrete is, in hydraulic expanding-forming processing, when not implementing the axle pushing and only loading with interior pressure adds man-hour, along with the bloating of shell P1, the obvious attenuate of thickness of slab.Therefore, in hydraulic expanding-forming processing way, can cause shell P1 fracture.That is, the be shaped scope of shell P1 (expander boundary) is restricted.
And, in hydraulic expanding-forming processing, have the problem that causes because of the shell shape.As previously mentioned, even be to obtain the variform complicated processing shape of axial cross section as one of advantage of this processing, but obtainable machining shape also is restricted.
For example, defining girth increment rate (pipe expanding rate)={ under the situation of (circumference of the outer perimeter/shell of the processed goods at this position)-l} * 100%, though depend on the shell condition (material of desired style characteristic of processed goods or use, wall thickness), but except axle pushed effective tube end zone, girth increment rate (pipe expanding rate) is the highest also to be about 25%.
The girth increment rate (pipe expanding rate) that surpasses this boundary just can not be implemented hydraulic expanding-forming processing.According to the restriction condition of such girth increment rate (pipe expanding rate),, just must work hard in shape at shell for the free degree and the acquisition that improves the processed goods shaped design has the more processed goods of complex section.
In order to address this problem, the someone proposes with slightly being the motion that cone shape shell (below, be called " awl shell ") replaces straight shell.That is, by adopting the awl shell, for the part that is difficult to be shaped with straight shell, for example, for the big part of perimeter change vertically, can reduce the girth increment rate of following processing, and the machining shape that can form regulation (for example, the spy opens the 2001-321842 communique, and the 1st page, with reference to Fig. 2).
But, at the awl shell that adopts the axial cross section change of shape and carry out hydraulic expanding-forming and add man-hour, when stating the effective axle of broad wool base shown in Figure 1 pusher in the use, be difficult to the awl shell is applied the axle pushing.
Fig. 2 is the problem definition figure that is produced when carrying out axle pushing to the awl shell with the effective axle of traditional broad wool base pusher.As shown in the drawing, this can not carry out the axle of awl shell TP1 is pushed in larger diameter side, in addition, though can carry out the axle pushing to awl shell TP1 in smaller diameter side, but mould 1,2 inside about following the axle pushing, having entered along with axle pusher 4, can make the constraint of interior outside of the awl shell TP1 of a pusher 4 sides become insufficient, can produce sealing leak.
Fig. 3 is the hydraulic expanding-forming manufacturing procedure key diagram that adopts traditional Taper Pipe, (a) is the state before the processing, (b) is the state before the pressure load in applying, the state when (c) being process finishing.
In the hydraulic expanding-forming processing of adopting traditional Taper Pipe TP1, as shown in Figure 3, used the axle pusher 6,7 of leading section as taper, but owing to not implementing the axle pushing, so general only the load with interior pressure finished hydraulic expanding-forming processing.In addition, the TP2 among Fig. 3 has formed the later awl shell of tube end, and TP3 represents the goods (hydraulic expanding-forming processed goods) after the hydraulic expanding-forming processing.
In manufacturing procedure shown in Figure 3, owing to can not implement to bore the axle pushing of shell TP2, so as mentioned above, can only in not producing the shaping scope of the limit of breaking, not process in the hydraulic expanding-forming process segment.Therefore, actual state is can not give full play to the effect that adopts the awl shell in hydraulic expanding-forming processing.
For this reason, the hope exploitation can be carried out hydraulic expanding-forming at employing awl shell and add man-hour, and shell is applied interior pressure load and carries out a technology of pushing vertically from pipe end.
In that traditional awl shell enforcement hydraulic expanding-forming is added man-hour, except the problem of axle pushing difficulty, the problem when also having the hydraulic expanding-forming processed goods to engage with miscellaneous part.
Fig. 4 is the problem definition figure when engaging the hydraulic expanding-forming processed goods with rectangle cross section.The shape of this figure (a) expression conventional hydraulic bulging processed goods, (b) shape of expression hydraulic expanding-forming processed goods of the present invention, and represent that each processed goods tube end is with respect to axial inclination.(c) cross sectional shape of expression above-mentioned (a) and hydraulic expanding-forming processed goods (b).
The goods PT3 that carries out hydraulic expanding-forming processing as raw material with traditional awl shell, shown in Fig. 4 (a), the tube end θ that only tilted.Therefore, with miscellaneous part welding, when engaging, owing to being difficult to guarantee precision, so be not easy to engage with miscellaneous part.
And, with pipe end with insert in other parts in conjunction with carry out peg graft in conjunction with the time, similarly owing to can not guarantee precision, and be difficult to the location.Therefore, must carry out after hydraulic expanding-forming processing, cutting away the back processing of hydraulic expanding-forming processed goods end etc.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in view of above-mentioned traditional problem, it is a kind of in the hydraulic expanding-forming processing of the special-shaped shell that adopts axial cross-sectional shape to change that its purpose is to provide, press in applying shell load and from pipe end implement vertically the axle pushing, use special-shaped shell with the hydraulic expanding-forming processing that obtains big pipe expanding rate, and adopt this abnormal shape shell hydraulic expanding-forming processing unit (plant), hydraulic expanding-forming processing method, reach the hydraulic expanding-forming processed goods.
For achieving the above object, the special-shaped shell of hydraulic expanding-forming processing of the present invention, be the special-shaped shell that feed flow is pressed bulging processing usefulness, have the girth that its external diameter increases gradually or reduces towards the opposing party from an axial side, and at least at one end side be formed with parallel portion.
Special-shaped shell use in hydraulic expanding-forming of the present invention processing, and the length of preferred described parallel portion is for the axle pushing amount that is applied in hydraulic expanding-forming processing with carry out hydraulic expanding-forming and add and seal altogether more than the length of desired length man-hour.
And, be for the special-shaped shell of making hydraulic expanding-forming processed goods, preferably make the radius of curvature R in the bight on the described parallel portion, corresponding to changing with the variation of the corresponding special-shaped shell girth difference of tube end axial distance with square-section or polygon-shaped cross section.
And, respectively at least one side's of two die ontologies up and down distolateral inner face, and axle pusher outside corresponding to this distolateral inner face on be provided with parallel portion, as long as the special-shaped shell of the present invention that will constitute like this is contained in the mould of hydraulic expanding-forming processing unit (plant) of the present invention, press load and axle pushing processing in just making up.
Therefore, add man-hour, can obtain than processing big pipe expanding rate in the past at hydraulic expanding-forming, and, also can easily carry out and the engaging of other parts.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the key diagram that adopts the straight shell of tradition and obtain final operation in the manufacturing procedure of hydraulic expanding-forming processing of goods.
Fig. 2 is the key diagram that the straight shell of tradition uses the axle pusher, had problems when the straight shell of tradition is carried out the axle pushing
Fig. 3 is the hydraulic expanding-forming manufacturing procedure key diagram of the traditional straight shell of employing, (a) represents the state that processing is preceding, the preceding state of pressure load in (b) representing to apply, the state when (c) representing process finishing.
Fig. 4 is the key diagram of problem when engaging the hydraulic expanding-forming processed goods with rectangle cross section, is the hydraulic expanding-forming processed goods shape that adopts the straight shell of tradition (a), (b) is hydraulic expanding-forming processed goods shape of the present invention, (c) represents their cross sectional shape.
Fig. 5 constitutes the sectional view of hydraulic expanding-forming processing of the present invention with the Taper Pipe shape instance of special-shaped shell.
Fig. 6 is the special-shaped shell overall structure of a present invention instance graph, (a) being the example that forms the parallel portion with circular section at the two ends, tapering with circular cross-section, (b) is the example that the parallel portion with rectangle cross section is set at the two ends, tapering with rectangle cross section.
Fig. 7 is other special-shaped shell overall structure instance graphs of the present invention, is the example that has transition part between larger diameter side parallel portion and central tapering.
Fig. 8 is about the key diagram of the special-shaped shell manufacture method of the present invention that has parallel portion in the larger diameter side end, (a) is overall perspective view, (b) is expanded view, (c) is the coniform shape schematic diagram near expanded view shown in (b).
Fig. 9 is that special-shaped other embodiment of shell of the present invention reach the schematic diagram that it is used the axle pusher, (a) is overall perspective view, (b) is the enlarged drawing of small-bore side, (c) is the axle pusher enlarged drawing that the small-bore side seal instrument of employed double as is used.
Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of the small-bore side of hydraulic expanding-forming processed goods used special-shaped shell end surface shape of the present invention when having the square-section, (a) be the sectional view that only leaves δ L+L0 position apart from small-bore side end vertically, (c) being the sectional view of tube end, (b) is the sectional view in their centre positions.
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of the heavy caliber side of hydraulic expanding-forming processed goods used special-shaped shell end surface shape of the present invention when having the square-section, (a) be the sectional view that only leaves δ L '+L0 ' position apart from the heavy caliber side end vertically, (c) being the sectional view of tube end, (b) is the sectional view in their centre positions.
Figure 12 is the instance graph of hydraulic expanding-forming processed goods its cross sectional shape when having the trapezoid cross section.
Figure 13 is the instance graph of hydraulic expanding-forming processed goods its cross sectional shape when having L font cross section.
Figure 14 is the key diagram of the inventive method the 1st embodiment, is the schematic diagram of expression when forming earlier the tube end parallel portion of special-shaped shell with hydraulic expanding-forming processing.(a) being the expression Taper Pipe is put into state in die ontology profile, (b) is the profile that forms the parallel portion state before hydraulic expanding-forming processing, (c) is the profile of state after the processing of end hydraulic expanding-forming.
Figure 15 is the schematic diagram that concerns between the axle pusher of mold body, double as sealing tool of the small-bore side of expression and the special-shaped shell, (a)～(c) is equivalent to above-mentioned Figure 14 (a)～(c) figure.
Figure 16 is the schematic diagram that concerns between the axle pusher of mold body, double as sealing tool of expression heavy caliber side and the special-shaped shell, (a)～(c) is equivalent to above-mentioned Figure 14 (a)～(c) figure.
Figure 17 is the key diagram of the inventive method the 2nd embodiment, be illustrated in die ontology, put into before, the schematic diagram when being pre-formed the tube end parallel portion of special-shaped shell.(a) being the profile of representing state that shape tube is put in die ontology, (b) is the profile of state before hydraulic expanding-forming processing, (c) is the hydraulic expanding-forming processing profile of state later on that is through with.
Figure 18 is the key diagram of the inventive method the 3rd embodiment, be illustrated in die ontology, put into before, be pre-formed other embodiment of the tube end parallel portion of special-shaped shell, (a)～(c) situation with above-mentioned Figure 17 is identical.
Figure 19 is the key diagram of the inventive method the 4th embodiment, is to be the structure example figure that benchmark merely increases the inboard die cavity of heavy caliber side parallel portion vertically with the heavy caliber side.(a)～(c) situation with above-mentioned Figure 17 is identical.
Figure 20 is the axle pusher structural representation of double as hydraulic expanding-forming processing unit (plant) of the present invention structure member sealing tool.
The specific embodiment
Fig. 5 constitutes the sectional view of hydraulic expanding-forming processing of the present invention with the Taper Pipe shape instance of special-shaped shell.Hydraulic expanding-forming of the present invention is processed with special-shaped shell 11, it is the special-shaped shell that feed flow is pressed bulging processing, as this figure (a) (b) shown in, its external diameter has the girth that increases gradually or reduce towards the opposing party from an axial side, and at least at one end side (in example shown in Figure 5, the two ends of small-bore and heavy caliber side) is formed with parallel portion 11a, 11b.
Special-shaped shell use in hydraulic expanding-forming of the present invention processing, and the length of its above-mentioned parallel portion 11a, 11b is preferably with the axle pushing amount of hydraulic expanding-forming processing and altogether more than the length of sealing institute necessary length.
Fig. 6 is a special-shaped shell overall structure instance graph of the present invention, (a) is to form the example with circular section parallel portion at the two ends, tapering with circular cross-section, (b) is at the two ends, tapering with rectangle cross section the example with rectangle cross section parallel portion to be set.
(b) further specify the embodiment shown in above-mentioned Fig. 5 (a) with Fig. 6 (a).Fig. 6 (a) has represented the most basic form, is to form at the two ends, tapering with circular cross-section to have the parallel portion 11a of circular cross-section, the structure of 11b.
In addition, Fig. 6 (b) is provided with parallel portion 11a, the 11b with rectangle cross section at the two ends, tapering with rectangle cross section.In the example shown in this Fig. 6 (b), the total length of parallel portion 11a, 11b has the cross section shown in Figure 10 (a) as described later at small-bore side 11a, and has the cross section shown in Figure 11 (c) as described later at heavy caliber side 11b.
Fig. 7 is other special-shaped shell overall structure instance graphs of the present invention, compares with the structure of above-mentioned Fig. 6, and be the special-shaped shell structure that between larger diameter side parallel portion and central tapering, has transition part.
Below, (b) describe the embodiment shown in above-mentioned Fig. 5 (b) in detail with reference to Fig. 7 (a).Fig. 7 (a) forms the shell with circular section parallel portion 11a, 11b at the two ends, tapering with circular section, and has transition part 11c between the tapering of heavy caliber side parallel portion 11b and central authorities.
In addition, Fig. 7 (b) is provided with at the two ends, tapering with rectangle cross section to have the parallel portion 11a in rectangle cross section, the shell of 11b, and and above-mentionedly similarly has transition part 11c between heavy caliber side parallel portion 11b and central tapering.
In above-mentioned Fig. 6 (b) or Fig. 7 (b), though shown the structure that is shaped as simple rectangle cross section of the parallel portion 11a, the 11b that are formed on both ends, also can be tapered cross-section shape shown in Figure 12 as described later or L font cross sectional shape shown in Figure 13 as described later or form not shown polygonal cross-section shape.
At this moment, consistent as if the final end surface shape in hydraulic expanding-forming processing back is designed to the goods end surface shape, then can improve stock utilization, be desirable.
In addition, represented that in Fig. 6 (b) or Fig. 7 (b) central tapering also is the shell in rectangle cross section, but central portion does not have special reason for the rectangle cross section, also can be the circular section shown in Fig. 6 (a) or Fig. 7 (a), also can be the structure of carrying out bending machining or can insert the hydraulic expanding-forming processed mould from up and down compressive strain processing.
Fig. 8 is about the key diagram of the manufacture method of the special-shaped shell of the present invention that has parallel portion in the larger diameter side end, (a) is overall perspective view, (b) is expanded view, (c) is the conical in shape schematic diagram near the expanded view shown in (b).
About having the manufacture method of the of the present invention special-shaped shell 11 of parallel portion 11b, be described as follows at tapering heavy caliber side end with circular section shown in Fig. 8 (a):
Special-shaped shell 11 shown in Fig. 8 (a), be with the plate of shape shown in Fig. 8 (b) merely crooked and with a-b and a '-b ', c-d and c '-d ', b-e and c-e, b '-e and c '-e, engaged at end, just can obtain shown in Fig. 8 (a), to have the special-shaped shell 11 of parallel portion 11b at the heavy caliber side end.
On the other hand, on Fig. 8 (c), should (b) press the dotted line amalgamation, and represent and its approximate conical in shape with solid line.
According to solid line and dotted line more as can be known, when simple bending when Fig. 8 (c) goes up the taper of representing with solid line, produce unnecessary material in the zone of b-c-e and the zone of b '-c '-e '.That is, in the roll bending operation of conical in shape, be difficult to make as special-shaped shell special-shaped shell 11 of the present invention, have parallel portion 11a in the end as raw material.
The simplest method, as illustrated with Fig. 8, be the method that the plate that will have special-shaped shell 11 expansion shapes of the present invention is crooked simply and engage, but following explanation is made method as the of the present invention special-shaped shell 11 of above-mentioned Fig. 6, shape shown in Figure 7 with method in addition.
For example, with " simple Taper Pipe " as raw material and by small-bore side is expanded internal diameter processing, the external diameter processing of contracting can obtain shape shown in above-mentioned Fig. 6 (a) to the heavy caliber side.And, except above-mentioned, carry out compressive strain processing at the long position of the stack shell of central authorities and can obtain the shape shown in Fig. 6 (b).
In explanation of the present invention, so-called " simple Taper Pipe " is the raw material of special-shaped shell of the present invention, is meant the Taper Pipe that does not also have side at one end or both end sides to form parallel portion.
When being shape shown in above-mentioned Fig. 7 (a), for example, also " simple Taper Pipe " can be expanded internal diameter processing as raw material simultaneously in small-bore side, heavy caliber side.In addition, utilize and to carry out compressive strain processing at the long position of the stack shell of central authorities and can obtain the shape shown in Fig. 7 (b).
Fig. 9 is that other embodiment of special-shaped shell of the present invention reach the schematic diagram that it is used the axle pusher, (a) be overall perspective view, (b) being the enlarged drawing of small-bore side, (c) is the axle pusher enlarged drawing that the small-bore side seal instrument of the double as of its use is used.In embodiment as shown in Figure 9, the form shown in the figure (a) is parallel portion 11a, the 11b that has formed the rectangle cross section at the two ends in the tapering in rectangle cross section.
In addition, in the embodiment shown in fig. 9, at the small-bore side parallel portion of simple Taper Pipe 11a, in the part corresponding,, form the square-section that has with the roughly the same width of goods, height dimension at heavy caliber side parallel portion 11b, in the part corresponding with δ L+L0 with δ L+L0.
And, to determine the radius of curvature R in bight as described later like that, in hydraulic expanding-forming processing, utilize the axle pusher 14,15 of die ontology 12,13 and double as sealing tool with this, just can not produce buckling, and can carry out extremely smoothly that material is pressed into because of hydraulic expanding-forming adds the axle pushing in man-hour.
Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of the small-bore side of hydraulic expanding-forming processed goods used special-shaped shell end surface shape of the present invention when having the square-section, (a) be the sectional view that only leaves δ L+L0 position from small-bore side end vertically, (c) being the sectional view of tube end, (b) is the sectional view in their centre positions.
That is, Figure 10 is the key diagram of each cross sectional shape of the small-bore side parallel portion of special-shaped shell of the present invention 11a, and cross-sectional width W0 and height H 0 from (a) to (c) are roughly necessarily.In addition, utilize preform that the radius of curvature R in bight is changed by stages.
Shown in Figure 10 (a)～(c), if the bight radius of curvature that the bight radius of curvature that the bight radius of curvature of small-bore side end is R0, only leave δ L+L0 position vertically from small-bore side end is R1, only leave the X position vertically from small-bore side end is R (x), then has the relation of following (1) formula.
R0≥R(x)≥R1 ……(1)
In the embodiment shown in fig. 10, the radius of curvature in 4 bights in each cross section is identical, but is not to make it identical, and also can make the bight is different radius of curvature.
In more detail, with the both ends of simple Taper Pipe be the benchmark girth, can try to achieve by following (2) apart from the girth difference δ d (x) of tube end X position.Wherein, D0 represents that small-bore side external diameter, D0 ' expression heavy caliber side external diameter, LT represent the length of Taper Pipe.
δd(x)＝π·(D0’-D0)·X/LT ……(2)
With preform the cross section of end is being formed widely, as shown in figure 10,, can determine suitable preform shape on axial location by the size of the radius of curvature R (x) in bight being changed corresponding to above-mentioned girth difference δ d (x) for W0, when height is the rectangle of H0.
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of the heavy caliber side of hydraulic expanding-forming processed goods used of the present invention special-shaped shell end surface shape when having the square-section, (a) be the sectional view that only leaves δ L '+L0 ' position from the heavy caliber side end vertically, (c) being the sectional view of tube end, (b) is the sectional view in their centre positions.
That is, Figure 11 is the key diagram of each cross sectional shape of special-shaped shell heavy caliber side parallel portion 11b of the present invention, and cross-sectional width W0 ' and height H 0 ' from (a) to (c) are roughly necessarily.In addition, utilize preform that the radius of curvature R in bight is changed by stages.
Shown in Figure 11 (a)～(c), the bight radius of curvature that the bight radius of curvature that if the bight radius of curvature of heavy caliber side end is R0 ', only leave δ L '+L0 ' position vertically from the heavy caliber side end is R1 ', only leave the X position vertically from the heavy caliber side end be R ' (x), then have the relation of following (1 ') formula.
R0’≤R’(x)≤R1’ ……(1’)
And, with the big both ends of simple Taper Pipe be the benchmark girth, apart from the girth difference δ d (x) of tube end X position, can try to achieve by following (2 ').Wherein, D0 represents that small-bore side external diameter, D0 ' expression heavy caliber side external diameter, LT represent the length of Taper Pipe.
δd(x)＝π·(D0’-D0)·X/LT ……(2’)
Form in cross section the end wide during for W0 ', high rectangle for H0 ', as shown in figure 11, corresponding to above-mentioned girth difference δ d (x), by with the bight radius of curvature R ' (x) size changes at axial location, can determine suitable preform shape.
More than explanation is the situation that the hydraulic expanding-forming processed goods has the square-section, but special-shaped shell of the present invention is not limited to this, also can adopt combination rectangle or polygonal shape, and adds the implementation axle pushing that man-hour can be extremely stable carrying out hydraulic expanding-forming.
Figure 12 is the instance graph of hydraulic expanding-forming processed goods its cross sectional shape when having the trapezoid cross section.Figure 13 is the instance graph of hydraulic expanding-forming processed goods its cross sectional shape when having L font cross section.They all are at the preformed cross sectional shape example of heavy caliber side, are the sectional views that only leaves δ L '+L0 ' position from the heavy caliber side end vertically (a), (c) are the sectional view of tube end, (b) are the sectional views in their centre positions.
Below, with reference to description of drawings hydraulic expanding-forming processing unit (plant) of the present invention, and carry out the hydraulic expanding-forming method for processing with it.
Figure 14 is the key diagram of the inventive method the 1st embodiment, is the schematic diagram of expression when earlier being processed to form the tube end parallel portion of special-shaped shell with hydraulic expanding-forming.(a) being the expression Taper Pipe is put into state in mould profile, (b) is the profile that has formed the parallel portion state before hydraulic expanding-forming processing, (c) is the hydraulic expanding-forming processing profile of state later on that is through with.
Figure 15 is the schematic diagram that concerns between the axle pusher of mold body, double as sealing tool of the small-bore side of expression and the special-shaped shell, (a)～(c) is equivalent to above-mentioned Figure 14 (a)～(c) figure.
Figure 16 is the schematic diagram that concerns between the axle pusher of mold body, double as sealing tool of expression heavy caliber side and the special-shaped shell, (a)～(c) is equivalent to above-mentioned Figure 14 (a)～(c) figure.
Figure 17 is the key diagram of the inventive method the 2nd embodiment, be illustrated in die ontology, put into before, the schematic diagram when being pre-formed the tube end parallel portion of special-shaped shell.(a) being the expression shape tube is put into state in die ontology profile, (b) is the profile of state before hydraulic expanding-forming processing, (c) is the hydraulic expanding-forming processing profile of state later on that is through with.
Figure 18 is the key diagram of the inventive method the 3rd embodiment, be be illustrated in die ontology, put into before, other embodiment of the tube end parallel portion of special-shaped shell have been pre-formed, (a) be the expression shape tube is put into state in die ontology profile, (b) being the profile of state before hydraulic expanding-forming processing, (c) is the hydraulic expanding-forming processing profile of state later on that is through with.
Hydraulic expanding-forming processing unit (plant) of the present invention, for example, have: formed Figure 14, Figure 17 and die cavity shown in Figure 180 die ontology up and down 12,13, and with leading section insert two die ontologies 12,13 each end the double as sealing tool the axle pusher 14,15.And two die ontologies 12,13 and axle pusher 14,15 are the structures that can be come clamping, maintenance special-shaped shell of the present invention 11 both ends by both.
And, on any one party of above-mentioned axle pusher, be provided with the hand-hole that injects working fluid, and at least one square end side of above-mentioned die ontology (in Figure 14, Figure 17 and example shown in Figure 180 is the both end sides of small-bore side and heavy caliber side) inner face, and the axle pusher corresponding with this end face inner face outside on, be respectively equipped with parallel portion 12a, 12b, 13a, 13b, 14a, 15a.
On this hydraulic expanding-forming processing unit (plant), when the axle pushing amount of small-bore side is δ L, the axle pushing amount of heavy caliber portion side is δ L ', small-bore the required seal length of side is L0, when the heavy caliber portion required seal length of side is L0 ', be located at two die ontologies 12, at least one square end side of 13 is (at Figure 14, in Figure 17 and the example shown in Figure 180 is the both end sides of small-bore side and heavy caliber side) the parallel portion 12a of inner face, 12b, 13a, the length of 13b, when being located at small-bore side, be preferably more than the δ L+L0, when being located at heavy caliber portion side, be preferably δ L '+more than the L0 '.
Equally, corresponding to parallel portion 12a, the 12b, 13a, the 13b that are located at this die ontology 12,13, the parallel portion 14a of axle pusher 14,15, the length of 15a are preferably more than the δ L+L0 when being located at small-bore side, are preferably more than the L0 ' when being located at heavy caliber portion side.
But, in hydraulic expanding-forming processing unit (plant) of the present invention, the leading section of the axle pusher 14 (15) of the double as sealing tool of small-bore side (heavy caliber side) must be able to insert simple Taper Pipe PT or special-shaped shell 11 small-bore side ends (heavy caliber side end) as special-shaped shell 11.Meanwhile, parallel portion 14a (15a) must can not produce the gap between parallel portion 14a (15a) whose forwardmost end portions and special-shaped shell 11 inner faces when the axle pushing finishes.
Therefore, for example, as shown in figure 14, after will being placed in up and down on the die ontology 12,13 as the simple Taper Pipe PT of special-shaped shell 11, implementing the hydraulic expanding-forming first being processed, when forming parallel portion 11a, the 11b of tube end in die ontology 12,13 up and down, a pusher of double as sealing tool must satisfy the condition of following A, B.
A. the double as sealing tool of small-bore side the axle pusher 14 (with reference to Figure 15)
Ignore the envelope girth SD0 of the local recess of front end, satisfy following (3) formula.
SD0≤(DO-2t/cosθ)×π ……(3)
Wherein, D0: the external diameter of small-bore portion
T: the wall thickness of special-shaped shell 11
θ＝tan-1{(D0’-D0)/(2·LT)}
LT: the length of Taper Pipe PT
D0 ': the external diameter of heavy caliber portion
B. the double as sealing tool of heavy caliber side the axle pusher 15 (with reference to Figure 16)
Ignore the envelope girth SD0 ' of the local recess of front end, satisfy following (4) formula.
SD0’≤(D0’-2t/cosθ)×π ……(4)
On the other hand, as above-mentioned shown in Figure 17, before the die ontology 12,13, when being pre-formed parallel portion 11a, the 11b on special-shaped shell 11 tube ends, the axle pusher of double as sealing tool satisfies the condition of following C, D about putting it into.
C. the double as sealing tool of small-bore side the axle pusher 14 (with reference to Figure 17)
The girth SD0 of leading section satisfies following (5) formula.
The girth SD of SD0≤parallel portion 14a ... (5)
D. the double as sealing tool of heavy caliber side the axle pusher 15 (with reference to Figure 17)
The girth SD0 ' of leading section satisfies following (6) formula.
The girth SD ' of SD0 '≤parallel portion 15a ... (6)
When using hydraulic expanding-forming processing unit (plant) of the present invention to form hydraulic expanding-forming processed goods 17, for example, as scheme shown in above-mentioned 14 (a), will as special-shaped shell 11 materials of the present invention simple Taper Pipe PT be contained in a pair of up and down die ontology 12,13 of hydraulic expanding-forming processing unit (plant).
Then, in the hydraulic expanding-forming first being processed, the axle pusher 14,15 of mobile vertically double as sealing tool, the Taper Pipe PT pipe end or the two ends of die ontology 12,13 and 14,15 clampings of axle pusher about quilt, shown in Figure 14 (b), on special-shaped shell 11 of the present invention, form parallel portion 11a, 11b.
At this moment, do not need to utilize simultaneously the axle pushing of 14,15 pairs of special-shaped shells 11 of a pusher, for example can begin the pushing of a pusher 14 again in the stage of pushing to a certain degree yet with axle pusher 1.Therefore, can in die ontology 12,13, carry out the stable axle pushing time as long as select to special-shaped shell 11.
At this moment, if be of a size of the size design that benchmark carries out the axle pusher 14,15 of die ontology 12,13 and double as sealing tool, then can be successfully axle pusher 14,15 be inserted in the Taper Pipe PT with above-mentioned.
Under the state of above-mentioned Figure 14 (b), shown in Figure 15 (b) and 16 (b), two pipe ends at Taper Pipe PT, form more than the L0 in small-bore side, it is desirable to parallel portion 11a, the 11b of the above length of δ L+L0, parallel portion 11a, 11b in the above length of heavy caliber side formation L0 ' can obtain special-shaped shell 11 of the present invention.Then, under the state that carries out the working fluid sealing fully, this abnormal shape shell 11 is applied the interior load of pressing.
Subsequently, improve the interior pressure of working fluid gradually, and,, shown in above-mentioned Figure 14 (c), can form hydraulic expanding-forming processed goods 17 with the inventive method Yi Bian apply hydraulic expanding-forming processing on one side to moving axially a pusher 14,15.
That is, put into special-shaped shell 11 of the present invention on the hydraulic expanding-forming processing unit (plant) of the present invention and carry out hydraulic expanding-forming processing, result that can the axle pushing, promptly use the hydraulic expanding-forming processed goods 17 of the inventive method, can obtain to compare big in the past pipe expanding rate.
In addition, shown in above-mentioned Fig. 4 (b), because the end face of hydraulic expanding-forming processed goods 17 is vertical with respect to the axle center, thus can easily carry out the welding that engages with other parts, parts, and can determine the position of grafting.
Figure 19 is the key diagram of the inventive method the 4th embodiment, is to be the structure example figure that benchmark merely increases the inboard die cavity of heavy caliber side parallel portion vertically with the heavy caliber side.(a) being that the expression Taper Pipe is put into the profile of state to die ontology, (b) is the profile that forms the parallel portion state before hydraulic expanding-forming processing, (c) is the hydraulic expanding-forming processing profile of state later on that is through with.
Embodiment shown in Figure 19 is and above-mentioned Figure 14, Figure 17 and different example embodiment illustrated in fig. 18.Promptly, be to have parallel portion 12a, 12b, 13a, 13b equally at the both ends of two die ontologies 12,13 but the bigbore parallel portion 12a of two die ontologies 12,13, the die cavity of 12b inboard, it or not the local stenosis that resembles example illustrated such as above-mentioned Figure 14, but be benchmark with the heavy caliber end, merely reduce the die cavity of above-mentioned 12b, 13b inboard vertically.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 19, because axle pushing resistance is little, help flow of metal, so can enlarge shapable scope (expander boundary).Therefore, utilize hydraulic expanding-forming processing unit (plant) of the present invention, preferably die ontology 12,13 cavity shape are designed to shape shown in Figure 19.
On the other hand, in auto parts, big multiple products end cross-sectional shape has complicated shapes such as shape such as the combination of approximate rectangular or rectangle or polygon.
As mentioned above, the embodiment when above-mentioned Figure 18 represents to use of the present invention special-shaped shell 11 shown in Fig. 9 (a) adopting it to add man-hour, is placed in the special-shaped shell 11 shown in above-mentioned Fig. 9 (a) in the die ontology 12,13.Fig. 9 (b) is the enlarged drawing of special-shaped shell 11 small-bore sides of the present invention.On the other hand, the cross sectional shape of its small-bore side parallel portion 11a is as above-mentioned shown in Figure 10.
For special-shaped shell 11, use the axle pusher 14,15 of the double as sealing tool of expression one embodiment of the invention to form with such cross sectional shape.That is, the axle pusher 14 of the small-bore side seal instrument of double as shown in Fig. 9 (c), having width is W0-2t, highly the radius of curvature for H0-2t, bight is the parallel portion 14a of R1.
State from above-mentioned Figure 18 (a), axle pusher 14,15 is pressed into the end, in Figure 18 (b) stage, finish the shaping of special-shaped shell 11 ends, in the special-shaped shell 11 that can obtain shown in above-mentioned Fig. 9 (b), be in the sealing state of pressing the working fluid of load in applying fully.
Subsequently, the interior pressure that edge height processing is tucked in, shifting axle pusher 14,15 vertically more on one side then can obtain to implement hydraulic expanding-forming processed goods 17 hydraulic expanding-forming processing, that process with the inventive method.
In addition, also can be in the hydraulic expanding-forming first being processed, in advance or the stage before it form parallel portion 11a, the 11b of pipe end.Can utilize existing processing method such as pull and stretch processing, reaming processing, swage process processing, rotary pressing processing to implement processing.
Figure 20 is the axle pusher structural representation of the sealing tool of double as hydraulic expanding-forming processing unit (plant) of the present invention structure member.Figure (a) is the structure example when using end face 14b, the 15b sealing that contacts with special-shaped shell 11 end faces, figure (b) is the structure example that has added protruding 14c, 15c on same end face 14b, 15b, figure (c) is the structure example that has increased step 14d, 15d in the interface of parallel portion 14a, 15a and end face 14b, 15b, and figure (d) is the structure example that has increased O type ring 18 on parallel portion 14a, 15a.
Any structure example shown in Figure 20 (a)～(d) all satisfies parallel portion 14a, the 15a shown in the formula of above-mentioned (3)～(6) and the relation of front end girth.
The above embodiments are example of the present invention, and represented die ontology 12,13 cavity shape are fairly simple shapes, but also can be 3 dimension complicated shapes of the common auto parts of representative.
In addition, in the above-described embodiment, expression be an example that carries out the axle pushing from small-bore side and heavy caliber side two sides, but also can be and the opposing party carries out according to conventional method from the one-sided usefulness of any one party method of the present invention, for example, also can adopt above-mentioned no axle pushing mode shown in Figure 1.Because the effect of axle pushing changes because of article shape, so, as long as determine range of application of the present invention according to its situation.
And, in the above-described embodiment, mainly narrated with the situation of simple Taper Pipe shape as special-shaped shell 11 materials, but in combination and weld simple Taper Pipe shape or made up Taper Pipe and during common straight tube, because both ends are the part of approximate simple Taper Pipe respectively, so also be suitable as the material of special-shaped shell 11 of the present invention.
Utilizability on the industry
The heterotype stock pipe is used in hydraulic expanding-forming processing of the present invention, has its external diameter from an axial side towards other The girth that one side increases or reduces gradually, and at least at one end side forms parallel portion. Using this abnormal shape In the processing unit (plant) of shell, the processing method, as long as at least one party's of two die ontologies end up and down In the side, and the outside of axle pusher that should distolateral inner face is respectively equipped with parallel portion and is placed in In the mould, just can make up the processing of interior pressure load and vertically axle pushing. Therefore, implementing On the hydraulic expanding-forming processed goods of hydraulic expanding-forming processing, can obtain greater than traditional pipe expanding rate and advance easily Row and the engaging of other parts, can be applicable to automobile with or industrial machine usefulness widely.
Claims (7)
1. special-shaped shell is used in a hydraulic expanding-forming processing, is the special-shaped shell that feed flow is pressed bulging processing usefulness, it is characterized in that:
Have the girth that its external diameter increases gradually or reduces towards the opposing party from an axial side, and at least at one end side is formed with parallel portion.
2. special-shaped shell use in hydraulic expanding-forming according to claim 1 processing, it is characterized in that: the length of described parallel portion, and for the axle pushing amount that is applied in hydraulic expanding-forming processing with carry out hydraulic expanding-forming and add and seal altogether more than the length of desired length man-hour.
3. the special-shaped shell of hydraulic expanding-forming processing according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: be for the special-shaped shell of making hydraulic expanding-forming processed goods, make the radius of curvature R in the bight on the described parallel portion, corresponding to changing with the variation of the corresponding special-shaped shell girth difference of tube end axial distance with square-section or polygon-shaped cross section.
4. hydraulic expanding-forming processing unit (plant), have: a pair of die ontology and by described die ontology clamping and keep any described special-shaped shell in the claim 1～3 and leading section is inserted the axle pusher of double as sealing tool at the two ends of described die ontology is characterized in that:
Be provided with the hand-hole of working fluid in any one party of described axle pusher, at least one side's of described die ontology distolateral inner face and outside, be respectively equipped with parallel portion corresponding to the described axle pusher of this distolateral inner face.
5. hydraulic expanding-forming processing unit (plant) according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: when the axle pushing amount of small-bore one side is that the axle pushing amount of δ L, heavy caliber portion one side is that the required length of sealing of δ L ', small-bore one side is that the required length of sealing of L0, heavy caliber portion one side is when being L0 '
The length of parallel portion of being located at small-bore one side of described die ontology is more than the δ L+L0, the parallel portion length of being located at described die ontology heavy caliber portion one side is δ L '+more than the L0 ', and the length of parallel portion of being located at small-bore one side of a pusher is more than the δ L+L0, is located at a length of the parallel portion of pusher heavy caliber portion one side and is δ L '+more than the L0 '.
6. hydraulic expanding-forming processing method, be to use the hydraulic expanding-forming processing method of claim 4 or 5 described hydraulic expanding-forming processing unit (plant)s, it is characterized in that: in making claim 1～3, in any described special-shaped shell, in described special-shaped shell, implement the hydraulic expanding-forming processing of pressing load in the combination and being pressed into processing.
7. hydraulic expanding-forming processed goods, it is characterized in that: any described special-shaped shell in the claim 1～3 is put into the mould of claim 4 or 5 described hydraulic expanding-forming processing unit (plant)s, and the hydraulic expanding-forming of implementing to press load in the combination and be pressed into processing is processed in described special-shaped shell.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP325801/2002 | 2002-11-08 | ||
| JP2002325801 | 2002-11-08 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1711142A true CN1711142A (en) | 2005-12-21 |
| CN100400189C CN100400189C (en) | 2008-07-09 |
Family
ID=32310483
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2003801028470A Expired - Fee Related CN100400189C (en) | 2002-11-08 | 2003-11-10 | Profile element pipe for hydraulic bulging, hydraulic bulging device and method using the element pipe, and hydraulically bulged product |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20050257587A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1586392A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2004041458A1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100634917B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100400189C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2003277659A1 (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI267410B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004041458A1 (en) |
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| CN103302164A (en) * | 2012-03-15 | 2013-09-18 | 财团法人金属工业研究发展中心 | Mould and method for manufacturing tubular shell |
| CN105081046A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2015-11-25 | 上海宝钢高新技术零部件有限公司 | Hydraulic forming flexible sealing apparatus |
| CN105772566A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-07-20 | 广东思豪液压机械有限公司 | Integral tee joint copper pipe forming mould |
| CN108160797A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-06-15 | 凌云吉恩斯科技有限公司 | A kind of opening pipe fitting inflatable hot forming tool and technique |
| CN110270620A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-09-24 | 大连瑞正科技有限公司 | A kind of pipe fitting inside high-pressure forming method |
| CN112469597A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2021-03-09 | 住友重机械工业株式会社 | Reinforcing member for vehicle and method for manufacturing same |
| CN112620468A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-04-09 | 浙江青山钢管有限公司 | Seamless taper pipe production device |
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| DE10337383B4 (en) | 2003-08-13 | 2005-12-08 | Thyssenkrupp Drauz Gmbh | Process for hydroforming conical metal pipes |
| US7484298B2 (en) * | 2006-02-21 | 2009-02-03 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Method for forming a complex-shaped tubular structure |
| DE102007043316B4 (en) * | 2007-09-12 | 2009-08-20 | Schulze, Bernd, Dr.-Ing. | Method and device for producing a bulge-containing workpiece by means of a pressure medium |
| CN102319828A (en) * | 2011-08-22 | 2012-01-18 | 张志平 | Method for machining integral automotive axle housings with axle heads |
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- 2003-11-10 JP JP2004549651A patent/JPWO2004041458A1/en active Pending
- 2003-11-10 KR KR1020057008028A patent/KR100634917B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-11-10 WO PCT/JP2003/014284 patent/WO2004041458A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-11-10 EP EP03810679A patent/EP1586392A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-11-10 CN CNB2003801028470A patent/CN100400189C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-11-10 AU AU2003277659A patent/AU2003277659A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2005
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| CN103302164A (en) * | 2012-03-15 | 2013-09-18 | 财团法人金属工业研究发展中心 | Mould and method for manufacturing tubular shell |
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| CN105081046B (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2017-11-28 | 上海宝钢高新技术零部件有限公司 | Hydroforming flexible seal device |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20070234771A1 (en) | 2007-10-11 |
| CN100400189C (en) | 2008-07-09 |
| EP1586392A1 (en) | 2005-10-19 |
| TW200417427A (en) | 2004-09-16 |
| JPWO2004041458A1 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
| KR20050071669A (en) | 2005-07-07 |
| AU2003277659A1 (en) | 2004-06-07 |
| TWI267410B (en) | 2006-12-01 |
| US20050257587A1 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
| KR100634917B1 (en) | 2006-10-18 |
| WO2004041458A1 (en) | 2004-05-21 |
| EP1586392A4 (en) | 2009-08-26 |
| AU2003277659A8 (en) | 2004-06-07 |
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