CN1703825B - 容性耦合电源 - Google Patents

容性耦合电源 Download PDF

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CN1703825B
CN1703825B CN2003801013136A CN200380101313A CN1703825B CN 1703825 B CN1703825 B CN 1703825B CN 2003801013136 A CN2003801013136 A CN 2003801013136A CN 200380101313 A CN200380101313 A CN 200380101313A CN 1703825 B CN1703825 B CN 1703825B
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capacitor
power supply
voltage
coupled
switch
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CN1703825A (zh
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鲁道夫·韦伯
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Thomson Licensing SAS
International Digital Madison Patent Holding SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
    • H02M1/096—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices the power supply of the control circuit being connected in parallel to the main switching element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/005—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output using Cuk converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)

Abstract

一种电源，包括形成了容性分压器的一对第一和第二电容器。周期性输入电源电压源与容性分压器相耦合，以便由部分周期性输入电源电压，在第二电容器中产生与负载电路耦合的第二电源电压。开关与第二电容器相耦合，用于按照稳定第二电源电压的方式、有选择地将第一电容器与第二电容器相耦合。

Description

容性耦合电源
相关申请
本申请要求2002年10月16日递交的临时专利申请序列号60/418,823的35U.S.C.§119下的优先权。
技术领域
本申请大体上涉及电源，更具体地，涉及利用容性分压器产生电源电压。
背景技术
电源用于将输入电压转换为一个或几个输出电压的目的。AC电源可以用于提供AC电源线路输入，其被转换为DC稳定输出电压。此外，通常需要用于产生比整流主电压源的输出电压低的输出电压的电源，以便为如集成电路(IC)控制器等小信号器件供电。这种电源应当最小化产生的损耗。尽管已经将降压变压器用作电源，这种器件趋向于体积较大、笨重且相对较为昂贵。需要一种利用容性元件将来自AC电源的输入电压转变为负载两端的特定输出电压电平的稳压电源。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种电源。
为实现上述目的，一种电源，包括：
供给电源电压的源；
第一电容器；
第二电容器；
开关，用于选择性地耦合所述第一电容器和所述第二电容器，以形成针对所述供给电源电压的容性分压器，产生所述第二电容器中的输出；以及
按照旁路所述第一电容器的方式，与所述供给电源电压的所述源和所述第二电容器相耦合的电阻提供初始启动电压。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明典型实施例的容性耦合电源的典型图示。
图2是根据本发明另一典型实施例的容性耦合电源的典型图示。
图3是根据本发明另一典型实施例的容性耦合电源的典型图示。
图4是根据本发明另一典型实施例的容性耦合电源的典型图示。
图5是根据本发明另一典型实施例的容性耦合电源的典型图示。
具体实施方式
图1示出了具体实现本发明的一般原理、利用容性分压器来产生稳定电源电压的电路100的方框图。在所有附图中，相似的参考符号用于表示相似的部件。电路100包括施加在节点10a处的AC电源10。但是，也可以使用电压或电流源，在主要应用的情况下，应当理解为源包括AC电源线路输入。容性分压器包括串联连接的电容器Cmains和电容器CL，用于将节点10a处的输入电压(Yin)转换为负载器件RL两端的所需输出电压电平V1。由于能量传递由电容器Cmains确定，可以自动将电压源看作电流源。
与分压器结构相连的控制电路60测量输出电压V1，并将所测得的输出电压与参考电压Vref进行比较，以便控制开关整流器电路30。对于开关整流器电路30，存在两种基本结构。第一种结构一旦达到所需的输出电压电平(V1＝Vref)就禁止对电容器CL的进一步充电。可以将此结构实现为前向受控分路开关。第二种结构只要输出电压(V1)超过所需的数值(Vref)就使能对电容器CL的快速放电。可以将此结构实现为受控串联开关，对其返回电流进行控制。分别在图2和图3中更为详细地示出了这两种基本实现。
在典型应用中，可以按照如下方式来实现开关模式电源中辅助电源的产生。现在，参照图2，从与整流器12相连的AC源10将周期性输入电压Vin源施加在节点10a处。滤波电容器Cmains的第一接线端与节点10a相连，而第二接线端与节点10b相连。二极管D1以反向偏置的方式连接在节点10b和地电位(GND)之间。在分压器结构中，滤波电容器Cmains通过二极管D2与电容器CL相连。电容器CL的第一接线端在节点10c处与二极管D2的阴极相连，而第二接线端与GND相连。开关S1连接在节点10b和GND之间，与二极管D1并联。控制电路60在节点10c处与负载电阻器RL和电容器CL并联耦合。偏置电阻器Rbias连接在节点10a和10c之间。应当注意，当前向偏置二极管D2(即，导通)时，除了二极管D2两端相对较小的电压降以外，节点10b、10c处于实质上相同的电位，。电阻器Rbias具有相对较大的值，并传递公用主控制器IC的启动电压(V1)。电阻器Rmains表示主负载电阻，并连接在输入节点10a和GND之间。
控制电路60与开关S1进行通信耦合(以虚线63表示)，开关S1有选择地耦合电容器Cmains和CL。控制电路60检测输出电压V1，并将输出电压与预定参考电压Vref进行比较，以产生控制信号，使S1断开或闭合，从而可开关地耦合/解耦Cmains和CL之间的电路径。将节点10c处的输出电压V1用于主开关控制电路或控制器60。在典型实施例中，开关控制电路可以是脉冲宽度调制(PWM)控制电路，或者任何其他类型的开关控制结构。应当理解，电容器Cmains将AC信号耦合到开关整流器电路30和控制器60。
还将DC电压Vin施加在代表主负载电阻Rmains的两端。
对于CL＞＞Cmains的情况，电容器Cmains实质上操作为滤波电容器，对施加在节点10a处的周期性输入信号进行滤波。CL中所传递的能量远小于Cmains中的能量。在开关S1断开时，整流后的输入电流Iin通过导通的二极管D2和电容器对电容器CL进行充电。这导致了只要充电电流流动，Cmains和CL两端的电压的增加。当AC源10的输入电压低于电压Vin时，整流器12将AC源10从其余电路(即，节点10a)上解耦。此时，电容器Cmains通过导通的二极管D1将电流传递到负载Rmains。在这种情况下，在Cmains和CL之间不存在电流路径，由于二极管D2用于阻塞其中流动的任何电流。通过负载电容器RL放电流经CL的相对较小的电流。应当注意，流经CL的放电电流只馈入控制电路60和负载RL，表示待机电源，例如，在电视机中(例如，为1～3瓦特)。这比通过表示电视机的主负载的二极管D1、电容器Cmains和Rmains放电的电流小得多(例如，为100～150瓦特)。因为二极管D2变为反向偏置，CL两端的电压V1变为正数，并且其电压降只由辅助负载电阻器RL确定。
根据本发明的一个方面，Cmains的充电条件主要确定了CL中的电荷。更具体地，在其中Cmains进行放电的第一放电周期之后，在Cmains的下一周期期间，对电容器Cmains进行充电，与此同时，对电容器CL进行充电，由于二极管D2导通。应当注意，在一个实施例中，CL大约是Cmains的3～4倍(例如，Cmains为大约68uF(微法)，而CL为220uF)。应当注意，在Rmains和RL处的电压具有选定的比例，从而获得所需的输出电压V1。但是，主电源的Rmains通常在较宽的范围内变化。例如，由于Rmains典型地是任何消费电子设备(如电视等)的主电源，在设备的运行模式范围内，其功率范围从50W到150W，依赖于如声音、图像参数等因素。但是，V1的待机输出功率可能下降到1W(瓦特)或更小。此外，负载RL实质上保持恒定，以便对如微处理器、控制器和IR接收器等小信号器件馈电。
如图2所示，将开关S1配置为开关分路控制器结构，其中S 1响应来自控制电路60的信号而闭合，从而一旦达到节点10c处所需的输出电压就禁止对CL的进一步充电。按照这种方式，通过断开和闭合开关S1，可以控制RL两端的输出电压V1。当输出电压不应当超过预定电平时，这种实现在提供电路结构中是有用的。更具体地，一旦达到CL处所需的输出电压电平并由控制电路60检测出，开关S1闭合，从而存在通过Cmains、S1并返回输入的电流路径，而不在CL处进一步充电，从而保持电压V1。应当注意，可以在50或60Hz输入正弦曲线的1个周期内闭合或断开S1。
另一实施例如图3所示。图3的实施例与图2的实施例的区别在于：S1与导通晶体管D2并联连接在节点10b和10c之间。在这种情况下，并未将最大输出电压V1精确地确定为阈值极限。开关S1响应来自控制电路60的信号闭合，以形成从CL通过S1和Cmains到Rmains的放电路径。当达到最小所需输出电压时，断开开关禁止了对Rmains的进一步放电。在此实现中，在放电周期期间(当S1断开时)并不控制RL两端的输出电压。当接入如串联调节器等限压器时，上述实施例提供了有用的解决方案。有利地，根据图3的解决方案并不产生Cmains和线路整流器中的电流瞬变。根据如图2和图3所示的上述实施例，在图2所示的实施例中控制充电，而在图3所示的实施例中控制放电。
实现了图2和图3的示意性图示的详细电路图分别如图4和5所示。如图所示，实现了用于产生开关模式电源的公用主控制器的辅助电源的结构。由Rbias提供初始启动电压。在正常运行模式下，控制器的功率消耗高于电阻器Rbias所能传递的功率。这时，抽头式电容器Cmains和CL向控制器提供电力，如上所述。由图4所示的高增益晶体管Q1和Q2构成图2所示的代表开关S1。如图4所示，pnp晶体管Q1的基极接线端b1与晶体管Q2的接线端c2相连。Q1的接线端e1与节点10b相连，而Q1的接线端c1与npn晶体管Q2的基极接线端b2相连。接线端c1、b2在节点10d处相连，节点10d通过电阻器R2与GND相耦合。电阻器R1分别将Q1、Q2的接线端b1、c2与节点10b相连。齐纳二极管D4连接在节点10c和节点10d之间。由二极管D4检测输出电压，并直接控制高增益晶体管Q1、Q2。可以在自由运行功率振荡器中具体实现电路400，根据来自次级侧410的输出电压来使能/禁用其操作。如先前所述，由Rbias提供初始启动电压。只要CL两端的电压低于阈值，就建立从Cmains通过D2到CL的电流路径，并且电容器Cmains和CL持续充电。但是，当功率振荡器进行操作时，由振荡器消耗的功率高于Rbias所能传递的功率。因此，存储在Cmains和CL中的能量用于为功率振荡器的分压器供电。
按照模拟的方式，将图3的开关S1实现为图5所示的电路结构500中的晶体管Q1。如图5所示，pnp晶体管Q1的基极接线端b1通过电阻器R2与npn晶体管Q2的接线端c2相连。Q1的接线端e1与二极管D2的阳极相连，而Q1的接线端c1在节点10b处与二极管D2的阴极相连。在具有R2的分压器结构中，电阻器R1连接在D2的阳极和Q1的接线端b1之间。二极管D1连接在节点10b和GND之间。npn晶体管Q2的基极接线端b2在节点10e处与齐纳二极管D4相连。电阻器R3连接在节点10e和GND之间，而二极管D4的阴极通过电阻器R4与节点10c相连。晶体管Q2的接线端e2与GND相连。这里，齐纳二极管D4将控制器60的输入处的驱动电压限制为给定或预定值。二极管D4通过分压器Q2控制Q1。从而，电容器CL保持可开关地耦合到Cmains和主负载Rmains，对应于次级侧的转换负载Rs，直到达到控制器60的输入处所需的最小电压为止。此时，以控制器所需的相对较低的电流，通过控制电路60对电容器CL进行放电。该放电一直发生，直到Cmains中达到下一充电间隔。作为可选结构，二极管D4可以是公用串联限压器或稳定电路的一部分。
尽管已经根据典型实施例对本发明进行了描述，但本发明并不局限于此。应当将所附权利要求更广泛地解释为包括本领域普通技术人员在不偏离本发明的等价物的范围的前提下而做出的本发明的其他变体和实施例。

Claims (9)

1.一种电源，包括：
供给电源电压的源；
第一电容器；
第二电容器；
开关，用于选择性地耦合所述第一电容器和所述第二电容器，以形成针对所述供给电源电压的容性分压器，产生所述第二电容器中的输出；以及
按照旁路所述第一电容器的方式，与所述供给电源电压的所述源和所述第二电容器相耦合的电阻提供初始启动电压。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电源，其特征在于所述开关与所述第二电容器相耦合，以稳定所述第二电容器的输出的负反馈方式，有选择地将所述第一电容器与所述第二电容器相耦合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电源，其特征在于开关响应来自控制电路的控制信号，有选择地将所述第一电容器与所述第二电容器相耦合，所述控制电路检测所述第二电容器的输出并将检测电压与参考电压进行比较。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电源，其特征在于所述开关耦合在所述第一和第二电容器之间，并响应来自控制电路的控制信号，有选择地耦合所述第一和第二电容器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电源，其特征在于开关构成位于所述第二电容器两端的分路电路，用于有选择地耦合所述第一和所述第二电容器。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电源，其特征在于开关包括至少一个晶体管。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电源，其特征在于第一二极管连接在第一和第二电容器之间，并且所述第二电容器的第一接线端与参考电位相连。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电源，其特征在于第二二极管连接在第一电容器和所述参考电位之间。
9.根据权利要求1所述的电源，其特征在于周期性输入电源电压的源包括与整流器相连的AC源。
CN2003801013136A 2002-10-16 2003-10-16 容性耦合电源 Expired - Fee Related CN1703825B (zh)

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JP4457014B2 (ja) 2010-04-28
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DE60326616D1 (de) 2009-04-23
CN1703825A (zh) 2005-11-30
US7019992B1 (en) 2006-03-28
MY134537A (en) 2007-12-31
WO2004038902A2 (en) 2004-05-06
KR101084411B1 (ko) 2011-11-21
EP1552596A2 (en) 2005-07-13
EP1552596B1 (en) 2009-03-11
US20060067094A1 (en) 2006-03-30
MXPA05004085A (es) 2005-06-08
AU2003276632A1 (en) 2004-05-13
AU2003276632A8 (en) 2004-05-13
KR20050048691A (ko) 2005-05-24

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