CN1685770A - 改进了光耦合输出的电致发光显示器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
公开了一种全色电致发光显示器,该显示器包括共同基质和配置在该基质上的电致发光器件阵列,其中每个所述电致发光器件包含夹在第一和第二电极之间的电致发光层,能使由电致发光层发射的光转换成具有较长波长的光的彩色转换材料和由2n+1层透光电介质层形成的叠层块,其中n=0,1,2,3,......,和所述透光电介质层表明具有交错折射率n。这种电致发光显示器表明具有改进了的光耦合输出。
Description
本发明涉及一种电致发光显示器,它包含共同的基质和配置在该基质上的电致发光器件阵列。此外,本发明涉及一种电致发光器件。
认识有机发光二极管(“OLED”)已有大约20年了。所有的OLED均是按照同样的原理工作的。在二个电极之间夹着一层或更多层半导体有机材料。将电压施加在该器件上,从而将带负电荷的电子从阴极往有机材料上移动。正电荷,通常称谓空穴,则从阳极往有机材料上移动。这些正,负电荷在中间层(亦即半导体有机材料)上相遇,并结合,从而产生光子。发射的光的波长——因而其颜色——取决于会在其中产生光子的有机材料的电子特性。这种有机材料可以包含有机电致发光聚合物或低电致发光分子。包含有机电致发光聚合物的OLED也称谓高分子发光二极管(聚LED或PLED)。包含低电致发光分子的OLED又称谓低分子有机发光二极管(SMOLED)。
有机发光器件通常是形成在基质例如玻璃上的一种层压制件。电致发光层以及相邻的半导体层被夹在阴极和阳极之间。这半导体层可以是空穴——注入层和电子——注入层。在“飞利浦公司科学研究期刊1998,51,467”中讲述了一种典型的叠层块。
在典型的电致发光显示器中,众多的电致发光器件形成在单一的基质上并按正方格型式对其进行分组排列。各个电致发光器件可以按无源模式或有源模式进行编址。在无源矩阵电致发光显示器中,形成纵向方格的一些电致发光器件可以共有一个共同的阴极,而形成横向方格的一些电致发光器件可以共有一个共同的阳极。在一给定组中的各个电致发光器件,当它们的阴极和阳极同时被激活时便发射光线。在有源矩阵电致发光显示器中,各个电致发光器件包含各自的阳极和/或阴极极片并被分别编址。
在全色电致发光显示器中,每个电致发光器件形成显示器的子像素。相邻的发射绿色,红色和蓝色光的三个子像素形成了电致发光显示器的像素。获得全色电致发光显示器的一些已知方法包括,例如,一种能使发射的蓝色光改变颜色的方法。在上述电致发光显示器中,在所有的电致发光器件的电致发光层中只使用了发射蓝色光的材料。对于蓝色子像素,光线通过电致发光器件后没有改变,而对于红色或绿色子像素,利用一种有效彩色转换材料,例如荧光材料,蓝色光便分别变换成红色或绿色光。
无源矩阵电致发光显示器通常使所产生的可见光透过透光基质,而有源矩阵电致发光显示器使光线透过透光阴极。
基于效率的考虑,只有金属是合适的阴极材料。为了获得足够高的导电性,这金属层必须具有10~30nm的层厚,以便在有源矩阵电致发光显示器中对所产生的可见光具有低的透光度。
本发明的一个目的是要提供一种电致发光显示器,它包含改进了透过透光阴极的光耦合输出的电致发光器件阵列。
这一目的通过包含共同基质和配置在该基质上的电致发光器件阵列的电致发光显示器而得以实现,其中每个所述的电致发光器件包含夹在第一和第二电极之间的电致发光层,能使由电致发光层发射的光转换成具有较长波长的光的彩色转换材料和由2n+1层透光电介质层形成的叠层块,其中n=0,1,2,3,......,
所述透光电介质层具有高折射率n>1.7或具有低折射率n≤1.7,
具有高折射率n的所述透光电介质层与具有低折射率n的所述透光电介质层以交错方式排列,
由2n+1层透光电介质层形成的所述叠层块是这样排列的,与电极之一邻接,且邻接着所述电极的是一层具有高折射率n的透光电介质层。
因为邻接第二电极的电介质层具有高折射率n,所以在电致发光层中产生的可见光在这金属制的第二电极上的反射被减弱了,而更多的光线则穿过这第二电极。借助于由透光电介质层形成的叠层块,可制得布拉格状滤光片。借助于这滤光片可以调整电致发光器件的透射性能。尤其是光的透射或光的反射能用波长选择方法加以调整。
权利要求2和3的优选透光材料表明对可见光有高的透光度。
由包含权利要求4的透光电介质材料构成的透光电介质层形成的叠层块起着滤光片作用。可将它设计成对蓝色光具有高的透光度和对红色光和绿色光具有高的反射率,并从而增强了将来自彩色转换材料的光转变成前向发射。
权利要求5的优选实施方案允许制造包含大型宽屏幕的电致发光显示器。
在权利要求6的优选实施方案的情况下,彩色转换材料被放置得与电致发光层靠得非常近,但又不与其处于电接触状态。这种接近度使得光学交叉干扰很小。电致发光层发射半球形光线(弗雷尔分布)。由于彩色转换材料放置得靠近发射极,所以位于这半球的外边缘处的更多的光线仍被彩色转换材料吸收,而不会到达相邻的子像素组件。
权利要求7中已申请专利的材料有效地使蓝色光转变成具有较长波长的光,例如红色光,绿色光,橙黄色光或黄色光。
本发明还涉及一种电致发光器件,这种电致发光器件包含夹在第一和第二电极之间的电致发光层,能将由电致发光层发射的光转换成具有较长波长的彩色转换材料,和由2n+1层透光电介质层形成的叠层块,其中n=0,1,2,3,......,
所述透光电介质层具有高折射率n>1.7或具有低折射率n≤1.7,
具有高折射率n的所述透光电介质层与具有低折射率n的所述透光电介质层以交错方式排列,
由2n+1层透光电介质层形成的所述叠层块是这样排列的,与电极之一邻接,且邻接着所述电极的是一层具有高折射率n的透光电介质层。
为进一步理解本发明而提供的附图用来阐明本发明的一些实施方案并和本讲述内容一起用来解释本发明的原理。
在这些附图中:
图1阐明了在按照本发明的一个实施方案形成的全色电致发光显示器中一些子像素的侧向剖视图。
图2阐明了在按照本发明的又一个实施方案形成的全色电致发光显示器中一些子像素的侧向剖视图。
图1阐明了在按照本发明的一个优选实施方案形成的全色电致发光显示器中一些子像素的侧向剖视图。这全色电致发光显示器包括基质1。因为这电致发光显示器是一种向上发射器件,所以,基质1优选采用不透光的材料。最优选的不透光基质1包含硅。具有像素化(Pixelated)电极的有源矩阵寻址系统在不透光基质1上形成。有源矩阵寻址系统的像素化电极形成电致发光器件的第一电极2。电致发光层3形成在基质1和第一电极2上。电致发光层3优选发射蓝色光。第二透光电极4在电致发光层3上形成。由2n+1层,其中n=0,1,2,3,......∞的透光电介质层形成的叠层块5,在第二电极4的上端形成。透光电介质层具有交错折射率。第一组透光电介质层9具有高的折射率n>1.7和第二组透光电介质层10具有低的折射率n≤1.7。与第二电极4相邻的电介质层具有的折射率n>1.7。第一组透光电介质层9可以由选自TiO2,ZnS和SnO2的材料组成。第二组透光电介质层10可以由选自SiO2,MgF2和硅铝酸盐的材料组成。
封顶层6形成在由透光电介质层构成的叠层块5的上端,它是透光的和防潮的和/或是有机溶剂。封顶层6可以由高分子材料组成,例如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,聚苯乙烯,硅氧烷,环氧树脂或聚四氟乙烯。此外,封顶层6可以由SiO2溶胶-凝胶层组成。将能使蓝色光转变成绿色或红色光的彩色转换材料7,按像素图案埋置在封顶层6中。这像素图案与基质1中的第一电极2的像素图案对准。在发射蓝色光的子像素中,封顶层6不含有彩色转换材料7,它仅由高分子材料或SiO2组成。
为了使彩色混杂降至最低,可优选电致发光显示器包含一排平行壁8,以便横向地将每个子像素单元隔开。这平行壁8可以由玻璃组成。可以优选采用石墨颗粒对平行壁8进行染色。
图2表明另一个优选实施方案,在该方案中,彩色转换材料7以像素化方式配置在封顶层6上。此外,发射蓝色光的子像素不包含彩色转换材料7。在本优选实施方案中,一些子像素共用共同的第二电极4。
在另一个优选实施方案中,在发射红色光的子像素或发射绿色光的子像素中,彩色转换材料7的陶瓷半透明层形成封顶层6。发射蓝色光的子像素包含作为封顶层6的玻璃板。通常,有可能的是电致发光显示器不仅包含红色,绿色和蓝色子像素,而且包含黄色或橙黄色子像素。
彩色转换材料7表明对波长350~500nm有强的吸收作用,和发射520~550nm的绿色光或发射600~650nm的红色光。此外,这彩色转换材料7具有高(>90%)的萤光量子效率。适用的彩色转换材料7可以包含无机发光材料。无机发光材料主要适用于高光通量和/或较高温度的场合。适用的彩色转换材料7也可以包含有机荧光材料。有机荧光材料主要适用于低光通量和低环境温度的场合。此外,量子点,如CdS,CdSe或InP可以应用。量子点的发射光谱可通过它们的尺寸加以控制和调整。表1列举了用于蓝色光降频变换的适用的彩色转换材料7。
表1:适用于蓝色光降频变换的彩色转换材料
彩色转换材料 | 发射光的颜色 | 发射光的波长(nm) |
(Ba,Sr)2SiO4:Eu | 绿色 | 525 |
SrGa2S4:Eu | 绿色 | 535 |
CaS:Ce | 绿色 | 520 |
Ba2ZnS3:Ce,K | 绿色 | 525 |
路玛近黄ED206 | 黄色 | 555 |
(Sr,Ca)2SiO4:Eu | 黄色 | 575 |
Y3Al5O12:Ce | 黄色 | 570 |
(Y,Gd)3(Al,Ga)5O12:Ce | 黄色 | 575 |
路玛近F橙黄240 | 橙黄色 | 545,575 |
SrGa2S4:Pb | 橙黄色 | 595 |
Sr2Si5N8:Eu | 红色 | 610 |
SrS:Eu | 红色 | 610 |
路玛近F红300 | 红色 | 615 |
Ca2Si5N8:Eu | 红色 | 605 |
Ba2Si5N8:Eu | 红色 | 640 |
CaSiN2:Eu | 红色 | 620 |
CaS:Eu | 红色 | 650 |
利用墨水喷射印刷术,可以将彩色转换材料7印刷到图2的电致发光显示器中的封顶层6上。这方法主要适用于有机荧光材料和无机发光材料,只要后者的晶粒尺寸足够小就行。气相沉积法对有些无机发光材料也适用。通常,利用微模版喷刷是所有材料均可选用的一种方法。
在彩色转换材料7被埋置在封顶层6中的情况下,用于封顶层6的材料的单体前体与彩色转换材料7相混合。在相混合之后,所得到的混合物通过热引发或光化引发使其聚合。
图3表示由透光层形成的叠层块5的放大视图。如前所述,第一组透光电介质层形成的叠层9与第二组透光电介质层形成的叠层10交错排列。
图4表示15nm厚的银层的透射曲线,在这银层上覆盖着由ZnS和MgF2以交错方式形成的共19层的叠层块5。这个由透光电介质层形成的叠层块5表明,在可见光谱的蓝色段具有高的透光度,而对可见光的绿色和红色段具有高的反射率。这一测定增强了将来自彩色转换材料的光变成正向发射。借助于由透光电介质层形成的叠层块5,红色和绿色光立即被反射,以致它不会再进入器件中。相反,激发的蓝色光能几乎毫无损失地穿过由透光电介质层形成的叠层块5。
Claims (8)
1.一种电致发光显示器,它包含共同基质和配置在该基质上的电致发光器件阵列,其中每个所述的电致发光器件包含夹在第一和第二电极之间的电致发光层,能使由电致发光层发射的光转换成具有较长波长的光的彩色转换材料和由2n+1层透光电介质层形成的叠层块,其中n=0,1,2,3,……,
所述透光电介质层具有高折射率n>1.7或具有低折射率n≤1.7,
具有高折射率n的所述透光电介质层与具有低折射率n的所述透光电介质层以交错方式排列,
由2n+1层透光电介质层形成的所述叠层块的排列是与电极之一邻接,且邻接着所述电极的是一层具有高折射率n的透光电介质层。
2.权利要求1的电致发光显示器,其中具有折射率n>1.7的所述透光电介质层选自TiO2、ZnS和SnO2。
3.权利要求1的电致发光显示器,其中具有折射率n≤1.7的所述透光电介质层选自SiO2、MgF2和硅铝酸盐。
4.权利要求1的电致发光显示器,其中具有高折射率n的所述透光电介质层是ZnS,具有低折射率n的所述透光电介质层是MgF2。
5.权利要求1的电致发光显示器,其中所述的电致发光器件是具有像素化第一电极的有源矩阵器件。
6.权利要求1的电致发光显示器,其中封顶层放置得与第二电极相邻,其中彩色转换材料被埋置或放置在封顶层的上端。
7.权利要求1~6中任一项的电致发光显示器,其中彩色转换材料选自(Ba,Sr)2SiO4:Eu,SrGa2S4:Eu,CaS:Ce,Ba2ZnS3:Ce,K,路玛近黄ED206,(Sr,Ca)2SiO4:Eu,(Y,Gd)3(Al,Ga)5O12:Ce,Y3Al5O12:Ce,路玛近F橙黄240,SrGa2S4:Pb,Sr2Si5N8:Eu,SrS:Eu,路玛近F红300,Ba2Si5N8:Eu,Ca2Si5N8:Eu,CaSiN2:Eu,和CaS:Eu。
8.一种电致发光器件,它包含夹在第一和第二电极之间的电致发光层,能使由电致发光层发射的光转换成具有较长波长的光的彩色转换材料和由2n+1层透光电介质层形成的叠层块,其中n=0,1,2,3,……,
所述透光电介质层具有高折射率n>1.7或具有低折射率n≤1.7,
具有高折射率n的所述透光电介质层与具有低折射率n的所述透光电介质层以交错方式排列,
由2n+1层透光电介质层形成的所述叠层块排列是与电极之一邻接,且邻接着所述电极的是一层具有高折射率n的透光电介质层。
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- 2003-09-23 AU AU2003260885A patent/AU2003260885A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-09-23 KR KR1020057005402A patent/KR20050072424A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-09-23 CN CN038234491A patent/CN1685770B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2006501617A (ja) | 2006-01-12 |
KR20050072424A (ko) | 2005-07-11 |
US20060152150A1 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
EP1550356A1 (en) | 2005-07-06 |
AU2003260885A1 (en) | 2004-04-23 |
CN1685770B (zh) | 2010-12-08 |
WO2004032576A1 (en) | 2004-04-15 |
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