CN1685189A - 全电的lng系统和方法 - Google Patents

全电的lng系统和方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN1685189A
CN1685189A CNA038233533A CN03823353A CN1685189A CN 1685189 A CN1685189 A CN 1685189A CN A038233533 A CNA038233533 A CN A038233533A CN 03823353 A CN03823353 A CN 03823353A CN 1685189 A CN1685189 A CN 1685189A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
light hydrocarbon
hydrocarbon gas
electric energy
liquefaction process
gas liquefaction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CNA038233533A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
小里查德·约内斯
帕特里克·B·沃德
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BP Corp North America Inc
Original Assignee
BP Corp North America Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=41615128&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=CN1685189(A) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by BP Corp North America Inc filed Critical BP Corp North America Inc
Publication of CN1685189A publication Critical patent/CN1685189A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
    • C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
    • C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
    • C10L3/101—Removal of contaminants
    • C10L3/102—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/005—Adaptations for refrigeration plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/064—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle in combination with an industrial process, e.g. chemical, metallurgical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
    • F02C6/10—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output supplying working fluid to a user, e.g. a chemical process, which returns working fluid to a turbine of the plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/18—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0274—Retrofitting or revamping of an existing liquefaction unit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J1/0284—Electrical motor as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0294—Multiple compressor casings/strings in parallel, e.g. split arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0298—Safety aspects and control of the refrigerant compression system, e.g. anti-surge control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2210/00—Working fluids
    • F05D2210/10—Kind or type
    • F05D2210/12—Kind or type gaseous, i.e. compressible
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05D2220/72—Application in combination with a steam turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05D2220/76—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/70—Steam turbine, e.g. used in a Rankine cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/80—Hot exhaust gas turbine combustion engine
    • F25J2240/82—Hot exhaust gas turbine combustion engine with waste heat recovery, e.g. in a combined cycle, i.e. for generating steam used in a Rankine cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2280/00—Control of the process or apparatus
    • F25J2280/20—Control for stopping, deriming or defrosting after an emergency shut-down of the installation or for back up system

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种减少二氧化碳排放物的系统和方法，用于提供制冷剂压缩用的能量和轻质烃气体液化过程用的共用电能。

Description

全电的LNG系统和方法
相关申请
本申请有权并据此要求在2002年9月30日提出的美国临时申请No.60/414,806的申请日的优先权。
发明领域
本申请涉及轻质烃气体如天然气的液化，这通过将轻质烃气体冷却到使它们变成液体的温度下实现。液化过程使用基本上全电发动的设备进行。
本发明还包括一种减少二氧化碳排放物的系统，用于产生制冷剂压缩用的能量和轻质烃气体液化过程用的共用电能。
典型地，轻质烃气体为天然气，其可以被处理以至少部分地除去酸性气体，并被脱水，由此除去了至少部分比约C3重的烃气体。
发明背景
在历史上，用于液化轻质烃气体的装置已经使用燃气涡轮机或蒸汽涡轮机来驱动制冷剂压缩机。最常见的液化轻质烃气体为天然气。这种过程典型地称为LNG(液化天然气)过程。这种过程使用化石燃料燃气涡轮机或蒸汽涡轮机，依靠过程操作用的制冷剂压缩机的尺寸。换句话说，制冷剂压缩机的尺寸由涡轮机的功率输出来决定，在每日、每昼夜和每季节的基础上该功率随周围条件的变化而波动。这将不希望的变化引入LNG过程，因为不能确定压缩制冷剂的恒定流动。很难调节化石燃料燃气涡轮机来克服这些变化，由此LNG过程的操作是不够的，在限定的时间内产生较少的LNG。因此，要寻找LNG过程操作的改进方法。
发明概述
根据本发明，通过减少二氧化碳排放物的方法来达到改进的效率，以给轻质烃气体液化过程提供制冷剂压缩用的能量，该方法包括：a)从至少一个源提供轻质烃气体液化过程用的电能；和b)在至少一个制冷剂压缩机中将低压制冷剂压缩到高压，所述制冷剂压缩机由a)的电能发动的电动机驱动。
在实施方案中，通过一种减少二氧化碳排放物的方法来达到改进的效率，以提供制冷剂压缩用的能量和轻质烃气体液化过程用的共用电能，该方法包括：a)从通过至少一个化石燃料燃气涡轮机驱动的至少一个发电机提供轻质烃气体液化过程用的至少部分电能；和b)在至少一个制冷剂压缩机中将低压制冷剂压缩到高压，所述压缩机通过由该至少一个发电机产生的电能发动的电动机驱动。
本发明还包括一个具有改进的效率、减少的二氧化碳排放物的系统，用于给轻质烃气体液化过程提供制冷剂压缩用的能量，该系统包括：a)电源，用于轻质烃气体液化过程；和b)低压制冷剂压缩机，其通过电连接到电源的电动机驱动。
在实施方案中，本发明还包括一个具有改进的效率、减少二氧化碳排放物的系统，用于提供制冷剂压缩用的能量和轻质烃气体液化过程用的共用电能，该系统包括：a)至少一个发电机，其通过化石燃料燃气涡轮机驱动，并可操作用于给轻质烃气体液化过程提供电源；和b)低压制冷剂压缩机，其通过电连接到轻质烃气体液化过程用的电源并由该电源的电能发动的电动机驱动。
附图简述
该图为本发明的过程和系统的示意图。
优选实施方案描述
在图的描述中，为了简化，没有包括许多泵、压缩机、阀和完成所示流动所必需的类似物。
在图中，显示了轻质烃气体液化系统和过程。如前所述，这种系统和过程最常见用于天然气液化，称为LNG过程。如图所示，液化装置设备12通过三个制冷剂压缩机14、16和18(典型地，其压力为约1至约75bar)供有压缩制冷剂。电动机20、22和24通过轴26、28和30发动这些制冷剂压缩机，尽管按照需要可以使用其他连接器。尽管显示了三个电动机和制冷剂压缩机作为说明，但是可以使用更少或更多的电动机和制冷剂压缩机。将进一步理解，液化装置设备可包括多个制冷单元，其选自已知的且能被使用的各种轻质烃气体液化过程。这种过程可随着多纯制冷剂、多制冷剂或其组合而变化，使用单级或多级制冷容器等。
本发明被认为可有效地供应压缩制冷剂和电能给所有这类过程。不仅制冷剂可以按所需的量以可变的速率和可变的压力供应，而且各个制冷剂压缩机可在所选的可行压力和所选的可行速率下输送压缩制冷剂。尽管没有显示，但是不同的制冷剂压缩机可以在不同的进入点、在不同的压力下、和如果需要甚至以不同的制冷剂给液化单元提供压缩制冷剂。已显示，流送管40、42和44用于完成这些输送，据信这完全在本领域技术人员的技术范围之内，可将压缩制冷剂输送到设备12内的所需一个或多个部分。如图所示，压缩制冷剂从制冷剂压缩机14、16和18经线路40、42和44输送到设备12。仅示意性地显示了压缩制冷剂到设备12的输送，因为如上所述，制冷剂可以按需要在不同的进入点、以不同的速度和不同的压力被输送。
还在设备12的示意图中，显示了轻质烃气体入口46，轻质烃气体通过该入口被加入到单元12，所述轻质烃气体按需要被脱水，并由此按需要除去比约C3重的酸性气体和烃。这些组分的去除是已知的，特别是较重的烃气体的去除是已知的。这些气体可以按需要被除去，以防止它们在制冷单元12的较冷部分的通道中凝固，这是因为希望销售符合BTU含量等的管道规格的液化天然气产品，导致它们作为独立产品的价值增加了。液化轻质烃气体(LNG)从设备12经线路45被回收。回收的LNG经线路45传输到LNG存储和排出装置102，蒸出气体经过线路104传输到设备12。这种变化是本领域技术人员所熟知的。
用过的气态制冷剂分别经线路48、50和52回收到制冷剂压缩机14、16和18。
所显示的涡轮机54和56用于给轻质烃气体液化过程的操作提供电能。涡轮机54和56为本领域所熟知的涡轮机，如General Electric的Frame7涡轮机或类似物。这些涡轮机典型地包括空气压缩系统如轴向式压缩机或离心式压缩机，用轻质烃气体作为燃料。压缩空气通过线路58和60加入，烃气体通过线路62和64在合适的压力(典型地为约350至约800psi)下加入，在燃烧区燃烧，以产生典型地温度为约2800至约3000°F、压力为约350至约800psi的热燃烧气体，该气体传输到涡轮机入口(未显示)以驱动该涡轮机，热进入气体作为低压高温气体(典型地在约800至约1600°F的温度、约15至约100psig的压力下)分别通过线路80和82排出。热废气传输到换热器84，在那里它们以与水(通过线路88供应)或低压蒸汽(通过线路86供应)发生换热的关系经过，产生高压蒸汽，其通过线路92回收。废气(典型地在约180至约200°F的温度下)在换热后经合适处理被传输，通过线路90排出。高压蒸汽传输到涡轮机或膨胀器94，其通过轴96轴连接到能量回收发电机98，产生附加的电能，该电能通过线路100回收。这种电能加入到电网以给轻质烃气体液化过程提供电力。
如图所示，涡轮机通过轴66和68轴连接到或用其他方式连接到发电机70和72。发电机产生能量，如图所示该能量通过线路74和76回收，并显示其经过线路78被传递以发动电动机20、22和22，其用于发动涡轮机14、16和18。电能分别通过线路32、34和36供应给电动机20、22和24。尽管显示了两个涡轮机作为说明，但是可以使用更少或更多的涡轮机。
尽管示意性地讨论和显示了方法和系统，但是应指出，方法和系统中的大量变化是可行的。电动机在不同的供电条件下有可变的额定功率，这允许制冷剂压缩机在所需条件下在变化的周围温度条件、变化的原料气、变化的涡轮机空气入口温度等的过程中稳定操作。电动机允许一定的变化，这可以通过变化电动机的电流来达到，并因此可以产生在所需但可以稍微变化的速率和压力下的压缩制冷剂。这允许轻质烃气体液化过程在相对稳定的状态下操作，它也允许压缩制冷剂的量或压力的减少或增加，其作为液化过程中变量(如液化中可用的加料量的变化等)的函数。化石燃料涡轮机驱动的制冷剂压缩机不允许这种适应性，易于受到变化的功率输出的影响，所述功率输出为周围空气温度等的函数。
通过化石燃料燃烧产生电能以驱动涡轮机，这在许多情况下导致产生足够的电能来操作全部液化过程。而且，尽管保持额外的化石燃料燃气涡轮机和压缩机代替化石燃料燃气涡轮机来驱动制冷剂压缩机在经济上是不可行的，后者会突然失效或要求维护，但是保持额外的化石燃料燃气涡轮机作为备用，用发电机代替所示的一个涡轮机来产生电能，这是可能的并且在经济上可行的。保持化石燃料燃气涡轮机与发电机相连是更经济的，这有许多原因。例如，与发电机相连的化石燃料燃气涡轮机的起动比制冷剂压缩机容易得多。因此，电力供应的恢复比第二涡轮机/制冷剂压缩机的起动要快得多。
而且，如图所示，涡轮机按如下操作，使得在较高温度(典型地为约800至约1600°F)但低压下从涡轮机排出的废气传输到换热器来产生高温蒸汽(典型地在约450至约520°F的温度、约400至约1200psi的压力下)，它可以用于驱动涡轮机和额外的发电机以产生电能，该电能通过线路100回收，并与电网上的电能合并来操作液化过程。
系统具有加入额外的涡轮机、压缩机和发电机的能力来即刻提供更多的电能。额外的制冷剂压缩机和电动机的起动和操作的容易性使制冷液化过程的扩大成为可行，并保证了连续操作。在许多情况下，这种液化过程的产量扩大通过加入额外的设备列和额外的液化容器实现，从而使用两个制冷容器而不是一个制冷容器来产生液化轻质烃气体。当整个装置通过内部产生的电能操作时，这种扩大被极大地促进。
而且，相比于如下过程，其使用轻质烃气体燃气涡轮机来驱动制冷剂压缩机、然后将废气排放到大气中而没有热回收，并且通过现场或在装置外燃烧化石燃料产生电能，上面讨论的过程和系统的操作导致排出到大气中的二氧化碳量减少了高达60％。根据本发明，排放到大气中的CO2量可以减少高达约60％。对于通过使用化石燃料燃气涡轮机来提供能量的实施方案，减少量优选为至少约35％，典型地为约40％至约60％。
还通过本发明的过程，如果在一个或多个涡轮机中发生故障，那么可以从可用的市售电源补充可用的电能。在世界的许多地区，电能易于从公用事业等得到，可以按需要取出，以在设备修理或起动的过程中保持液化过程的操作。这种装置外能量的使用可以被最小化，如上面讨论的，这通过保持一个或多个化石燃料燃气涡轮机和发电机在万一发生以下故障时可立即使用来实现，所述故障为在常规基础上用于供应电能的涡轮机和发电机内发生的任何故障。
尽管已在上面指出涡轮机和发电机应依一定尺寸制造以产生整个过程用的电能，但是应理解，许多压缩机等可以通过高压工艺流驱动，其中这种流是可得到的，并按需要随着其他流的相应压缩减少到较低压力，所述其他流按需要升高到高压。这种压缩机可以通过高压流单独发动，或通过利用在高压流中可得到的能量的压缩机加上由电网发动的电动机来发动。这里所称的电网优选为液化装置用的电网，但是根据本发明使用的电能也可以从外部电源如城市电网或系统中整体或部分地得到。
总之，应指出，上面讨论的系统和方法可有效地产生足够的电能用于液化过程的全部操作，允许更可靠的操作，和允许压缩制冷剂在关于量和压力方面变化的要求的操作，以额外单元(其在需要时是可用的)的形式提供了可靠备用的机会，并提供了在紧急情况下从公共可用的来源补充电能的可能性。这些优点大大地促进了过程的稳定液化轻质烃气体流以改进的过程容积进行生产。
尽管本发明已参照某些优选实施方案进行了描述，但是应指出，所述的实施方案是说明性的，而不是限制性的，在本发明的范围内许多变化和修改是可行的。基于对上述优选实施方案的回顾，许多这样的变化和修改被本领域技术人员认为是显而易见的且是希望的。

Claims (24)

1.一种具有改进效率、减少二氧化碳排放物的方法，用于提供制冷剂压缩用的能量和轻质烃气体液化过程用的共用电能，该方法包括：
a)从至少一个发电机提供轻质烃气体液化过程用的至少部分电能，所述发电机通过至少一个化石燃料燃气涡轮机驱动；和
b)在至少一个制冷剂压缩机中压缩低压制冷剂至高压，所述制冷剂压缩机由该至少一个发电机产生的电能发动的电动机驱动。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中轻质烃气体为天然气。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中涡轮机用压缩空气流和轻质烃气体流作为燃料。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中该至少一个涡轮机用轻质烃气体作为燃料。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其中空气流和轻质烃气体在燃烧区燃烧以产生高温高压气流，从而发动涡轮机并排出高温废气流。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，其中高温废气流以与水或低压蒸汽中的一种换热接触的方式通过，以产生蒸汽。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其中连接到能量回收发电机的涡轮机通过蒸汽驱动，以产生电能和低压蒸汽。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，其中所产生的电能放在轻质烃气体液化过程用的电网上。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所有的制冷剂压缩机通过电动机驱动。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中轻质烃气体液化过程用的部分电能从外部电源得到。
11.一种具有改进效率、减少二氧化碳排放物的方法，用于提供制冷剂压缩用的能量和轻质烃气体液化过程用的共用电能，该方法基本上由以下步骤组成：
a)从至少一个发电机提供轻质烃气体液化过程用的至少部分电能，所述发电机通过至少一个化石燃料燃气涡轮机驱动；和
b)在至少一个制冷剂压缩机中压缩低压制冷剂至高压，所述制冷剂压缩机由该至少一个发电机产生的电能发动的电动机驱动。
12.一种具有改进效率、减少二氧化碳排放物的方法，用于给轻质烃气体液化过程提供制冷剂压缩用的能量，该方法包括：
a)从至少一个源提供用于轻质烃气体液化过程的电能；和
b)在至少一个制冷剂压缩机中压缩低压制冷剂至高压，所述压缩机由a)的电能发动的电动机驱动。
13.一种具有改进效率、减少二氧化碳排放物的系统，用于提供制冷剂压缩和轻质烃气体液化过程用的共用电能，该系统包括：
a)至少一个发电机，其通过化石燃料燃气涡轮机驱动并可操作以提供轻质烃气体液化过程用的电源；和
b)低压制冷剂压缩机，其通过与轻质烃气体液化过程用的电源电连接且通过该电源的电能发动的电动机驱动。
14.如权利要求13所述的系统，其中该至少一个发电机产生了轻质烃气体液化过程所需的基本上所有的电能。
15.如权利要求13所述的系统，其中该系统包括多个发电机。
16.如权利要求13所述的系统，其中该系统包括多个涡轮机。
17.如权利要求13所述的系统，其中每个涡轮机包括进入燃烧区的高压空气入口，由此高温高压燃烧气流传输到涡轮机的入口，以驱动涡轮机并产生高温低压废气流，该废气流通过废气出口从涡轮机排出。
18.如权利要求17所述的系统，其中该系统包括空气压缩机以供应高压空气到高压空气入口。
19.如权利要求18所述的系统，其中该系统包括与废气出口流体连通的换热器，该换热器包括废气入口和废气出口、和水或低压蒸汽入口和高压蒸汽出口。
20.如权利要求19所述的系统，其中该系统包括能量回收发电机，其可操作用于产生轻质烃液化过程用的电能，并由具有高压蒸汽入口和低压蒸汽出口的蒸汽涡轮机驱动。
21.如权利要求20所述的系统，其中该蒸汽涡轮机包括与换热器的低压蒸汽入口流体连通的低温蒸汽出口。
22.如权利要求13所述的系统，其中该制冷剂压缩机适合生产在选定压力下的至少一种压缩制冷剂。
23.如权利要求13所述的系统，其中该制冷剂压缩机适合生产在选定压力下具有选定体积的压缩制冷剂。
24.一种具有改进效率、减少二氧化碳排放物的系统，用于给轻质烃气体液化过程提供制冷剂压缩用的能量，该系统包括：
a)电源，用于轻质烃气体液化过程；和
b)低压制冷剂压缩机，其通过电连接到该电源的电动机驱动。
CNA038233533A 2002-09-30 2003-09-29 全电的lng系统和方法 Pending CN1685189A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US41480602P 2002-09-30 2002-09-30
US60/414,806 2002-09-30
PCT/US2003/030552 WO2004031667A2 (en) 2002-09-30 2003-09-29 Lng system and process with electrically powered refrigerant compressors and combined power generation cycle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1685189A true CN1685189A (zh) 2005-10-19

Family

ID=41615128

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CNA038233533A Pending CN1685189A (zh) 2002-09-30 2003-09-29 全电的lng系统和方法

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US7114351B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1546621A2 (zh)
JP (2) JP2006501432A (zh)
CN (1) CN1685189A (zh)
AU (1) AU2003272747C1 (zh)
BR (1) BR0306495A (zh)
CA (1) CA2499529C (zh)
EG (1) EG24658A (zh)
MX (1) MXPA05003332A (zh)
MY (1) MY136561A (zh)
NO (1) NO20052111L (zh)
WO (1) WO2004031667A2 (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103547786A (zh) * 2011-05-19 2014-01-29 千代田化工建设株式会社 复合发电系统

Families Citing this family (39)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITMI20032324A1 (it) * 2003-11-27 2005-05-28 Nuovo Pignone Spa Procedimento per il controllo della vita utile delle
US7388303B2 (en) * 2003-12-01 2008-06-17 Conocophillips Company Stand-alone electrical system for large motor loads
US20070193303A1 (en) * 2004-06-18 2007-08-23 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Scalable capacity liquefied natural gas plant
US7415840B2 (en) * 2005-11-18 2008-08-26 Conocophillips Company Optimized LNG system with liquid expander
NO326634B1 (no) * 2006-09-12 2009-01-26 Aker Engineering & Technology Fremgangsmate og system for start og drift av en elektrisk drevet last
WO2008139536A1 (ja) * 2007-04-27 2008-11-20 Hitachi, Ltd. 天然ガス液化プラント及びその運転方法
EP2072609A1 (en) * 2007-04-27 2009-06-24 Hitachi Ltd. Natural gas liquefaction plant, and power supply system, controller and operating method thereof
JP4934720B2 (ja) * 2007-04-27 2012-05-16 株式会社日立製作所 天然ガス液化プラント及びその電力供給システム、制御装置、運用方法
EP2015011A1 (de) * 2007-07-12 2009-01-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gasverflüssigungsanlage sowie ein Verfahren zum unterbrechungsfreien Betrieb einer Gasverflüssigungsanlage
WO2009059985A2 (en) * 2007-11-07 2009-05-14 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Method and apparatus for cooling and liquefying a hydrocarbon stream
EP2101039A1 (de) 2008-03-11 2009-09-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Unterbrechungsfreier Betrieb und Energieversorgung einer Sauergasrückführungsanlage
KR20110014155A (ko) * 2008-05-20 2011-02-10 쉘 인터내셔날 리써취 마트샤피지 비.브이. 탄화수소 스트림의 냉각 및 액화 방법, 탄화수소 스트림의 냉각 및 액화 장치, 및 그러한 장치를 포함하는 플로팅 구조물, 케이슨 또는 해상 플랫폼
CN102782429B (zh) 2010-03-05 2015-11-25 埃克森美孚上游研究公司 灵活的液化天然气车间设备
US8454727B2 (en) 2010-05-28 2013-06-04 Uop Llc Treatment of natural gas feeds
US8388732B2 (en) 2010-06-25 2013-03-05 Uop Llc Integrated membrane and adsorption system for carbon dioxide removal from natural gas
US8282707B2 (en) 2010-06-30 2012-10-09 Uop Llc Natural gas purification system
AU2011284982A1 (en) * 2010-07-28 2013-01-31 Sargas As Jet engine with carbon capture
EP2597406A1 (en) 2011-11-25 2013-05-29 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Method and apparatus for removing nitrogen from a cryogenic hydrocarbon composition
AU2012354774B2 (en) 2011-12-12 2015-09-10 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B. V. Method and apparatus for removing nitrogen from a cryogenic hydrocarbon composition
CA2858152C (en) 2011-12-12 2020-04-14 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Method and apparatus for removing nitrogen from a cryogenic hydrocarbon composition
RU2622212C2 (ru) 2011-12-12 2017-06-13 Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. Способ и устройство для удаления азота из криогенной углеводородной композиции
EP2604960A1 (en) 2011-12-15 2013-06-19 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Method of operating a compressor and system and method for producing a liquefied hydrocarbon stream
CN102705700A (zh) * 2012-05-31 2012-10-03 天津华迈燃气装备股份有限公司 一种液化天然气汽车加液机
RU2642827C2 (ru) 2012-08-31 2018-01-29 Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. Системы привода с переменной скоростью, способ управления системой привода с переменной скоростью и способ охлаждения потока углеводородов
EP2796818A1 (en) 2013-04-22 2014-10-29 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Method and apparatus for producing a liquefied hydrocarbon stream
BR112015026176B1 (pt) 2013-04-22 2022-05-10 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V Método e aparelho para produzir uma corrente de hidrocarboneto liquefeito
EP2869415A1 (en) 2013-11-04 2015-05-06 Shell International Research Maatschappij B.V. Modular hydrocarbon fluid processing assembly, and methods of deploying and relocating such assembly
EP2977430A1 (en) 2014-07-24 2016-01-27 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. A hydrocarbon condensate stabilizer and a method for producing a stabilized hydrocarbon condenstate stream
EP2977431A1 (en) 2014-07-24 2016-01-27 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. A hydrocarbon condensate stabilizer and a method for producing a stabilized hydrocarbon condenstate stream
US9939194B2 (en) * 2014-10-21 2018-04-10 Kellogg Brown & Root Llc Isolated power networks within an all-electric LNG plant and methods for operating same
JP6415989B2 (ja) 2015-01-05 2018-10-31 三菱重工サーマルシステムズ株式会社 液化ガス用冷却装置
PE20181434A1 (es) * 2015-12-08 2018-09-12 Shell Int Research Control de la potencia de compresion del refrigerante en un proceso de licuefaccion de gas natural
KR101792708B1 (ko) * 2016-06-22 2017-11-02 삼성중공업(주) 유체냉각장치
US10393431B2 (en) * 2016-08-05 2019-08-27 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method for the integration of liquefied natural gas and syngas production
AU2016428816B2 (en) * 2016-11-02 2022-07-14 Jgc Corporation Natural gas liquefaction facility
KR102652530B1 (ko) 2017-06-27 2024-04-02 아이엠비와이 에너지, 인크. 가열 처리 및 전기를 발생시키기 위한 열병합 발전 시스템 및 방법
JP6556891B2 (ja) * 2018-03-09 2019-08-07 三菱重工サーマルシステムズ株式会社 液化ガス用冷却装置およびそのメンテナンス方法
CN118548653A (zh) 2018-06-01 2024-08-27 斯蒂尔赫德液化天然气有限公司 液化设备、方法和系统
US11225910B2 (en) * 2019-11-05 2022-01-18 General Electric Company Load anticipator system for a generator system

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2149902B (en) * 1983-11-18 1987-09-03 Shell Int Research A method and a system for liquefying a gas in particular a natural gas
US4755200A (en) * 1987-02-27 1988-07-05 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Feed gas drier precooling in mixed refrigerant natural gas liquefaction processes
US4907405A (en) * 1989-01-24 1990-03-13 Union Carbide Corporation Process to cool gas
US5139548A (en) * 1991-07-31 1992-08-18 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Gas liquefaction process control system
US5295350A (en) * 1992-06-26 1994-03-22 Texaco Inc. Combined power cycle with liquefied natural gas (LNG) and synthesis or fuel gas
JP3563143B2 (ja) * 1995-02-14 2004-09-08 千代田化工建設株式会社 天然ガス液化プラントのコンプレッサ駆動装置
TW421704B (en) * 1998-11-18 2001-02-11 Shell Internattonale Res Mij B Plant for liquefying natural gas
TW480325B (en) 1999-12-01 2002-03-21 Shell Int Research Plant for liquefying natural gas
DE10119761A1 (de) * 2001-04-23 2002-10-24 Linde Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verflüssigung von Erdgas
FR2826969B1 (fr) * 2001-07-04 2006-12-15 Technip Cie Procede de liquefaction et de deazotation de gaz naturel, installation de mise en oeuvre, et gaz obtenus par cette separation
US6640586B1 (en) * 2002-11-01 2003-11-04 Conocophillips Company Motor driven compressor system for natural gas liquefaction

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103547786A (zh) * 2011-05-19 2014-01-29 千代田化工建设株式会社 复合发电系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2499529A1 (en) 2004-04-15
JP2006501432A (ja) 2006-01-12
NO20052111D0 (no) 2005-04-29
AU2003272747C1 (en) 2010-11-04
MXPA05003332A (es) 2005-07-05
AU2003272747A1 (en) 2004-04-23
CA2499529C (en) 2011-09-20
NO20052111L (no) 2005-06-28
AU2003272747B2 (en) 2008-08-14
WO2004031667A2 (en) 2004-04-15
JP2011063800A (ja) 2011-03-31
WO2004031667A3 (en) 2004-08-26
EG24658A (en) 2010-04-07
US20040129020A1 (en) 2004-07-08
MY136561A (en) 2008-10-31
US7114351B2 (en) 2006-10-03
BR0306495A (pt) 2004-10-13
EP1546621A2 (en) 2005-06-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN1685189A (zh) 全电的lng系统和方法
US10100979B2 (en) Liquid air as energy storage
US10378817B2 (en) Flexible liquefied natural gas plant
US7131272B2 (en) Reduced carbon dioxide emission system and method for providing power for refrigerant compression and electrical power for a light hydrocarbon gas liquefaction process using cooled air injection to the turbines
CN102667381A (zh) 完全液化方法和装置
JP2011017341A (ja) 二酸化炭素排出量を減少させた冷媒圧縮用の動力及び軽質炭化水素ガス液化プロセス用の電力を提供するための方法及びシステム
JP3460433B2 (ja) エネルギー貯蔵型ガスタービン発電システム
US20120131950A1 (en) Arrangement for Liquefying Natural Gas and Method for Starting Said Arrangement

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C12 Rejection of a patent application after its publication
RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication

Application publication date: 20051019