CN1676706A - 形成树脂基复合材料构件的加强层的织物、长丝束和绞股 - Google Patents

形成树脂基复合材料构件的加强层的织物、长丝束和绞股 Download PDF

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CN1676706A
CN1676706A CNA2005100637449A CN200510063744A CN1676706A CN 1676706 A CN1676706 A CN 1676706A CN A2005100637449 A CNA2005100637449 A CN A2005100637449A CN 200510063744 A CN200510063744 A CN 200510063744A CN 1676706 A CN1676706 A CN 1676706A
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M·安杰洛尼
G·巴比索
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Alenia Aermacchi SpA
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Abstract

一种包括了混合有和/或编织有有机和/或无机纤维的金属丝(M)的织物、和/或平行连续纤维的条带或丝束、和/或绞股、和/或管状编织物，其可用来形成用于带有树脂基体的复合材料构件的加强层。

Description

形成树脂基复合材料构件的加强层的织物、长丝束和绞股
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于形成树脂基复合材料构件的加强层的织物、长丝束带和绞股。本发明预期特别是、但非专门地用在航空工业中制造复合材料结构件，例如用于构建飞机的机身。本发明还可有利地应用于其它工业部门中，例如用在船舶制造业或公路运输业中，或者用来制造常用物品如摩托车头盔，这可从以下描述中清楚。
背景技术
已经知道，形成飞机机身上部的包覆板可构造成所谓的混合型复合材料如在本领域中称为GLARE或FML(纤维金属层压板)的辗压部分，这些复合材料包括多层诸如铝或轻合金的金属层，并带有多层可提供优良机械性能的纤维插入层，这类纤维例如为浸渍了结构粘合剂如环氧树脂的玻璃纤维。这类层压板例如公开于EP-A-0649373中。尽管FML板已经提供了用于较轻重量的优良机械性能，然而航空工业旨在生产出能够提供相同的机械性能同时进一步减轻飞机整体重量的构件。
航空工业已经广泛地采用了复合材料结构件，例如CFC即碳纤维复合材料，其具有由用作加强件的粘合剂的热固性或热塑性树脂所形成的基体。这些加强件通常包括由碳纤维形成的平行连续长丝的条带或丝束所构成的单向织物或带材。在一些情况下使用了由已预先浸渍了树脂的织物和带材所制成的碳纤维网，它们被切成一定的尺寸，一层叠一层地设置在模制设备中，封装在真空袋中，然后在高压釜中利用一定的温度和压力来进行固化(热固性树脂)或模制(热塑性树脂)。在另一些情况下使用了由单向纤维和带材制出的网，通过缝合保持在一起并且不经预先浸渍；将它们一层叠一层地放到模子中至干燥；然后将经过测量的一定量的树脂放入到真空袋中，浸透纤维网并在高压釜中进行固化。后一方法在本领域中称为树脂薄膜浸渍。
飞机制造业对于防止因例如工具或大冰雹的冲击所形成的裂纹扩展的问题来说是特别敏感的。其目的旨在防止形成于结构件的最外层中的任何裂纹朝向相邻层向内扩展。裂纹会导致FLM板的层分离或脱开。
希望这种程度的任何冲击应当留下可由肉眼容易发现的痕迹，使得可以通过修补或更换受损部件来迅速进行干预。这种要求当然也适用于在多种应用场合中所用的复合材料构件，例如在摩托车头盔的制造中，更广泛而言适用于其中即使作用在复合材料构件上的非破坏性程度的冲击也会有损于产品的可靠性并因此会对物体和/或人的安全造成损伤的任何领域。
FML和CFC(碳纤维复合材料)构件均未显示任何因例如上述冲击所引起的损伤的迹象，其结果是，当确定一个构件的厚度时，必须考虑到即使在它被损坏时也必须保持其完整性和性能的事实。结果是，构件通常太厚，因此增加了飞机的重量。
发明内容
鉴于上述内容，本发明的目的是优化复合材料构件的重量和机械强度，从而克服与现有技术相关的上述问题，特别是限制裂纹的扩展，同时使由冲击所引起的任何损伤变得清楚可见。
通过提供如下述所限定的织物、连续长丝带和绞股，就可以实现根据本发明的将在下文中更好地理解的这些和其它的目的及优点，其特征在于，这些织物、连续长丝带和绞股包括混合有和/或编织有和/或缠绕有有机和/或无机纤维的金属丝，以便形成具有树脂基体的复合材料构件的加强层。
附图说明
下面将参考附图来介绍本发明的一些优选但非限制性的实施例，在图中：
图1示意性地显示了连续的纬线丝束，
图2示意性地显示了其中各单根长丝被切成所需长度的织物，
图3示意性地显示了根据本发明的由不同性质的若干绞股组成的纱线，
图4示意性地显示了编织好的管状织物(编织物)。
具体实施方式
图1显示了连续平行长丝的条带(所谓的“丝束”)T，包括金属丝M以及优选均匀地混合或分布于其中的有机和/或无机纤维F。金属丝M从轻金属及其合金如铝和钛中选择。纤维F可包括有机物质的纤维，例如碳纤维或植物纤维(例如椰子纤维或黄麻)，以及无机纤维，例如玻璃纤维或玄武岩纤维。
可根据所要生产的复合材料结构件的所需机械强度和重量、所涉及到的成本以及构成金属丝M的金属或合金与构成纤维F的物质之间的相容性来方便地选择和组合构成条带T的长丝。例如，钛金属丝M适合于与碳纤维F一起使用，这是由于碳和钛具有相同的电化学电位，因此避免了腐蚀的风险。其他最佳组合包括铝或其合金所制成的金属丝M与植物材料如玄武岩或玻璃的纤维F的组合。
图2显示了通过编织金属丝M和例如上述类型的有机和/或无机纤维F所生产出来的纤维网A。根据要求，金属丝M和纤维F可以可互换的方式设置成纬线或经线，或者可采用金属丝M和纤维F的组合作为纬线和/或经线。
如图3所示，金属丝M和纤维F可组合起来以形成绞股B，其中纤维F缠绕在由一条或多条金属丝M所组成的芯子上。
图4显示了管状套筒形式的织物(称为编织物)，其通过编织金属丝M和上述类型的有机和/或无机纤维F来得到。根据要求，金属丝M和纤维F可设置成纬线和/或经线，即使沿着不同的方位也是如此，反之亦然，或者可将金属丝M和纤维F的组合混合和组合起来，以形成纬线和/或经线。
然后采用上述织物的条带、绞股、管状构件和网片用来形成复合材料结构件所用的加强层。所得到的片或层可预浸渍或灌注了热固性或热塑性树脂的基质，以便生产出具有较高机械强度以及高韧性和下面将介绍的其它有利性能的复合材料构件。这些层还可设有传统类型的织物的插入层。
由金属丝与有机和/或无机纤维的紧密结合所提供的加强效应为成品结构件提供了来自这两种加强成分(金属丝和纤维)的有利机械性能(在树脂基体已固化后)。
首先，由于金属丝本质上是可延展的，因此它们能吸收冲击，能够很大程度地伸长和塑性变形。这意味着因冲击所引起的形成于最外表面层中的任何裂纹将不会向内扩展，而是被限制在最外层中。在冲击部位的更内侧处，下一层中的金属纤维将朝向内层逐渐减弱地塑性伸展，同时不会断裂。
由本申请人所进行的试验表明，因集中的猛烈冲击所造成的金属丝和纤维的断裂所引起的表面损伤远比现有技术中的复合材料、例如本申请导言部分中所述的要明显。这使得可以进行及时的维护、修补或更换受损部件。结构件可被设计成具有最佳的尺寸，这是因为不需要将它制作成比所必需的还厚，而仅需保证它在会造成不易于被目视检查到的损坏的冲击的情况下能够有效地工作。
根据本发明所得到的结构件与FML构件相比含有较少的金属，因此更轻。使用非常轻的植物纤维的决策在经济上也是有利的。
显然，本发明并不限于本文所介绍和显示的实施例，这些实施例应被视为本发明的非限制性示例，所采用的形状、尺寸和材料可以在不脱离本发明范围的前提下在很大范围内变化。

Claims (16)

1.一种用于形成带有树脂基体的复合材料构件的加强层的织物，其特征在于，所述织物包括混合有和/或编织有有机和/或无机纤维(F)的金属丝(M)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的织物，其特征在于，所述金属丝(M)由选自铝、钛及其合金的轻金属制成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的织物，其特征在于，所述纤维(F)选自碳纤维、植物纤维、聚酯纤维、凯夫拉尔纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维和芳族聚酰胺纤维。
4.一种能够形成带有树脂基体的复合材料构件的加强层的平行连续纤维的条带或丝束，其特征在于，所述条带或丝束包括混合有有机和/或无机纤维(F)的至少一条金属丝(M)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的条带或丝束，其特征在于，所述金属丝(M)由选自铝、钛及其合金的轻金属形成。
6.根据权利要求4所述的条带或丝束，其特征在于，所述纤维(F)选自碳纤维、植物纤维、聚酯纤维、凯夫拉尔纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维和芳族聚酰胺纤维。
7.一种用于形成带有树脂基体的复合材料构件的加强层的绞股，其特征在于，所述绞股包括具有缠绕在其周围的有机和/或无机纤维(F)的一条或多条金属丝(M)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的绞股，其特征在于，所述金属丝(M)由选自铝、钛及其合金的轻金属形成。
9.根据权利要求7所述的绞股，其特征在于，所述纤维(F)选自碳纤维、植物纤维、聚酯纤维、凯夫拉尔纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维和芳族聚酰胺纤维。
10.一种通过在不同方位下连续编织的方法所得到的用于形成带有树脂基体的复合材料构件的管状加强层的管状编织物，其特征在于，所述编织物包括混合有和/或编织有有机和/或无机纤维(F)的一条或多条金属丝(M)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的管状编织物，其特征在于，所述金属丝(M)由选自铝、钛及其合金的轻金属来形成。
12.根据权利要求10所述的管状编织物，其特征在于，所述纤维(F)选自碳纤维、植物纤维、聚酯纤维、凯夫拉尔纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维和芳族聚酰胺纤维。
13.一种用于飞机的复合材料结构件，包括树脂基体和包括有根据权利要求1所述的织物的加强件。
14.一种用于飞机的复合材料结构件，包括树脂基体和包括有根据权利要求4所述的条带或丝束的加强件。
15.一种用于飞机的复合材料结构件，包括树脂基体和包括有根据权利要求7所述的绞股的加强件。
16.一种用于飞机的复合材料结构件，包括树脂基体和包括有根据权利要求10所述的管状编织物的加强件。
CNA2005100637449A 2004-03-29 2005-03-24 形成树脂基复合材料构件的加强层的织物、长丝束和绞股 Pending CN1676706A (zh)

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