CN1676570A - Saline-alkali soil modifying agent and modifying method - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil modifying agent and modifying method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1676570A CN1676570A CN 200410010772 CN200410010772A CN1676570A CN 1676570 A CN1676570 A CN 1676570A CN 200410010772 CN200410010772 CN 200410010772 CN 200410010772 A CN200410010772 A CN 200410010772A CN 1676570 A CN1676570 A CN 1676570A
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Abstract
This invention is salt-alkali soil improver and the improving method, and relates to using the material adjusting the soil to improve the salt-alkali soil and the improver mainly uses aluminum sulfate. The improving method is to spray aluminum sulfate evenly, and the spraying amount of paddy field is: spray 0.3-1.0 ton for each hectare of newly reclaimed heavy salt-alkali field, and 0.2-0.3 ton for two-year reclaimed field, the spraying time of paddy field is after spring dunking field and before infield for once time; and the glebe adopts disproportioned spray and 0.4-0.6 per each hectare and more at alkali spots, and the time of spray is during the field neatening before the insemination, and it only needs one time. This invention has fast effect, low cost, and is innocuous without environmental pollution, and the effect time is long.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the material that can regulate soil the saltings be improved, classification position is at C09K17/00
Background technology
Up to now, the ameliorative measure in saltings and the research experience of accumulation there is the water conservancy ameliorative measure, agricultural and biological modification measure, engineering ameliorative measure, chemical modifying measure both at home and abroad.
Sodium ion in the concentrated water flushing saline-alkali soil of the useful calcic of precedent of water conservancy measure improvement, magnesium, methods such as irrigation and drainage by well.At present, the water conservancy ameliorative measure is effective modification method of generally acknowledging both at home and abroad, has all obtained using widely in states such as India, the U.S. and Canada.But the prerequisite one of water conservancy measure improvement is that competent low mineralization good water sources will be arranged, the 2nd, smooth pumping equipment and place be arranged.The irrigation and drainage by well method needs consumes energy, and operational and administrative expenses is higher, and needs suitable hydrogeological conditions, when too small or bottom artesian pressure is too high at root zone soil permeability coefficient, all is difficult to reach the drainage effect of expection.Simultaneously, the draining salt discharge is normal again to conflict with environment protection, and the salinity of river is increased, thus influence irrigate and town water, there are many detrimentally affects in the angle from ecology, environmental protection and rational development of water resources utilization.
Agricultural and biological control measure improvement mainly contain two kinds of approach, and the one, by kind of a rice, and in conjunction with agronomic measures such as the soaked field in the kind rice process, draining, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, salinity in the topsoil soils is progressively discharged the soil body, or it is poly-to suppress to move table on the salinity, thereby reaches the improvement purpose; The 2nd, by bioremediation technology, promptly plant salt tolerant or halophile, constantly the salinity in the soil is taken away, and then reached the purpose that reduces soil salt content.Kind surplus the saline alkali tolerant plant of having developed at present existing 40,, sesbania fluffy, Bermuda grass, barley, clover, oat, populus simonii, tame elm etc. as alkali thatch, alkali.There are some researches show that the effect of these two kinds of improved routes all is subjected to the restriction of conditions such as improvement time, soil salt content and salinization and alkalization.General saltiness and basicity soil with high, (in 3 years) all are difficult to obtain ideal effect in a short time.
In addition, in song-Nen plain soda saline-alkali soil district, the employing maize straw is arranged also, green manure crop (as Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb. etc.) as improving the soil material, it is put on the natric horizon by certain consumption, and to suppress saline and alkaline table to a certain extent poly-thereby reach, and reduces the purpose of alkalization of soils degree and pH value.But this kind method one is to need a large amount of organic materialss, the 2nd, and volume of earthwork is bigger, is difficult to large scale application, only limits to the improvement of alkaline spot.
The engineering ameliorative measure mainly is " a soil moved in to improve the original method ".Way commonly used is to make " soil moved in to improve the original " with sandy soil, is pressed on the soda alkaline spot soil, or the alkaline spot soil in the modified soil is dug out transport, and then above-mentioned soil moved in to improve the original is added in the above.Experimental study shows that the soil moved in to improve the original method is better to the improved effect of soda alkaline spot soil, and the time length is also longer.But it is too big that its maximum shortcoming is exactly a quantities, and this also is the major cause that this method can not obtain wide popularization and application.
The chemical modifying measure
Studies have shown that in a large number for moderate or the saline-alkali soil more than the severe, it is main having only the chemical modifying of employing, is aided with measures such as other agricultural or biology, is only the most effective modification method.Therefore, from the forties, people have just begun the research and development work of chemical improvement agent.Carter for example, M.R. had once carried out continuous 6 years gypsuming (2.24t/hm
2Year) field test; Armenian scholar once carried out the test of green vitriol improvement saline-alkali soil; Hungarian investigator once utilized brown coal byproduct and sugar refinery byproduct to carry out the test of improvement saline-alkali soil; The soil-working person of China once utilized humic acid, weathered coal and furfural dregs etc. to carry out reclamation of salinep-alkali soil test.Certain improved effect has all been received in these tests.In the last few years, adopted the organic-inorganic composite modifying agent of synthetic (as Hungarian lime powder and petroleum industry byproduct resinous acid mixture abroad; USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) urea formaldehyde polymkeric substance etc., cationic polysaccharide guar gum derivatives CP-14 of Britain etc.) improvement saline-alkali soil is also all received certain effect.
At present, the common chemical modifying agent mainly contains calcareous materials such as gypsum, phosphogypsum, calcium chloride, calcium superphosphate both at home and abroad; Another kind of is acidic substance such as sulfuric acid, sulphur, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, ferrous sulfate, ammonium sulfate; The 3rd class is natural organic matters such as weathered coal and peat; The 4th class is the soil improvement agent of synthetic.In addition, also the someone utilizes industry " three wastes " improvement saline-alkali soil.
In numerous chemical improvement agents, study both at home and abroad maximum, the most frequently used, generally acknowledge improved effect best be gypsum (CaSO
4H
2O).Its mechanism of action is that the calcium ion in the gypsum exchanges the sodium ion on the soil colloid get off.
But external existing research is many on non-soda saline-alkali soil, and the salinization and alkalization of soil is light than soda saline-alkali soil.Domestic since 1956, Chen Enfengs etc. had once carried out the kind rice improved test of gypsuming on soda saline-alkali soil in preceding Guo irrigated area, affirmed that gypsum is to the improved effect of soda saline-alkali soil under the kind rice condition, but for various reasons, this technology is applied so far as yet.
We think to analyze its reason, when people utilize gypsum improvement saline-alkali soil, have ignored an important problems, i.e. the solubility of gypsum.The precondition of gypsum performance improving effect is CaSO
4Dissolving in advance, otherwise just can't react.The solubleness of gypsum is very low, has only 30me/L but in fact at normal temperatures.Therefore, improve saline-alkali soil with gypsum, particularly alkaline soda saline-alkali soil wants to produce a desired effect, and amount of application must be very big, and needs the time of effect also very long.The dissolving of gypsum needs water, and under the dry farming condition, the water content of soil is very limited, and the dissolving of gypsum is more slow, and therefore, its effect is also more limited.Reason that gypsum fails to push open in the soda reclamation of salinep-alkali soil that Here it is.
Although doing number of research projects aspect the improvement of saline-alkali soil both at home and abroad, to soda saline-alkali soil, particularly severe soda saline-alkali soil does not still have that big area is promoted, relatively successful technology and product at present.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to provide a kind of new saline-alkali soil modifying agent and the using method of this modifying agent in improvement saline-alkali soil, overcome the above-mentioned shortcoming that the reclamation of salinep-alkali soil before exists.
Saline-alkali soil modifying agent of the present invention is Tai-Ace S 150 Al
2(SO
4)
3, can adopt to produce and go up the industrial aluminum sulphate that uses.
The modification method of saline-alkali soil of the present invention is evenly to spread fertilizer over the fields Tai-Ace S 150, and the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 0.3～1.0 ton for newly opening paddy field, the heavy salinized ground per hectare amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields; Opened up wasteland that per hectare amount of application in paddy field is 0.2～0.3 ton more than 2 years; The saltings dry land per hectare amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 0.4～0.6 ton, and the alkaline spot place can suitably execute more.The time of spreading fertilizer over the fields is the paddy field behind the spring soaked field, before raking the soil level, only need use once and gets final product; Dry land saltings time of application is in the preceding whole ground process of sowing in spring.Only need use once.
Modifying agent of the present invention to the mechanism of salinized soil improvement is: after the aluminum ion modifying agent is used soil, hydrolytic action take place, produce a large amount of H
+, the OH in the sweetening of the soil
-Thereby, pH in soil is reduced.In the time of hydrolysis, also generate monomer aluminium or polymer aluminum ion, the formation that promotes soil colloid cohesion and microaggregate is had vital role, thereby can improve the structural and water retention characteristic of soil, increase porosity, reduce the soil weight.
Positively effect of the present invention is to use that this modifying agent is rapid-action, effect is permanent, cost is low, nontoxic, free from environmental pollution, and every performance index are far superior to chemical improvement agents such as existing gypsum.And aluminum ion modifying agent generation hydrolytic action produces the hydrionic while and can generate monomer aluminium or polymer aluminum ion, can promote that soil colloid condenses, thereby promotes the physical propertiess such as structural and permeability that the formation of soil microaggregate is improved the soil.
Embodiment
Experimental example 1
Newly open 2 hectares in (pH＞9.5) paddy field, heavy salinized ground in Qian Guo county, Songyuan City, Jilin Province alkali Ba Cun choosing, behind the spring soaked field, before raking the soil level, per hectare is manually spread fertilizer over the fields 500 kilograms in Tai-Ace S 150, and the part of spreading fertilizer over the fields is after 3 hours, and soil colloid promptly precipitates, it is clear that water quality becomes, not floating seedling after the rice transplanting, this modifying agent of applied once is after 3 years, and pH in soil drops to about 9.0 by 10.6.
Experimental example 2
In experimental example 1 same place, select the alkaline spot area to account for 2 hectares of 20 percent corn fields, in the whole ground process before the sowing in spring, per hectare is spread fertilizer over the fields 400 kilograms of Tai-Ace S 150, mainly imposes on the alkaline spot place.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES after using: 1 of alkaline spot pH decreased is more than the unit, and basicity descends 40%.Topsoil soils pH value maintains below 8.5, and saltiness is reduced to below 0.2%, and crop can be increased production more than 15%.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of saline-alkali soil modifying agent is characterized in that this modifying agent is a Tai-Ace S 150.
2, a kind of reclamation of salinep-alkali soil method, it is characterized in that evenly spreading fertilizer over the fields Tai-Ace S 150, the paddy field amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is: newly open heavy salinized native paddy field per hectare and spread fertilizer over the fields the 0.3-1.0 ton, the paddy field per hectare of having opened up wasteland more than 2 years is spread fertilizer over the fields 0.2-0,3 tons, the time of spreading fertilizer over the fields is the paddy field behind the spring soaked field, rake the soil level before, only need use once and get final product; Dry land adopts non-homogeneous spreading fertilizer over the fields, and the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is a per hectare 0.4-0.6 ton, and the alkaline spot place can suitably spread more, and the time of spreading fertilizer over the fields is in the preceding whole ground process of sowing in spring, only need use once.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410010772 CN1676570A (en) | 2004-03-29 | 2004-03-29 | Saline-alkali soil modifying agent and modifying method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410010772 CN1676570A (en) | 2004-03-29 | 2004-03-29 | Saline-alkali soil modifying agent and modifying method |
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| CN1676570A true CN1676570A (en) | 2005-10-05 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102675000A (en) * | 2012-05-07 | 2012-09-19 | 青岛高次团粒生态技术有限公司 | Method for preparing soil culture medium suitable for growth of plants in industrial alkaline tailings dam |
| CN102965121A (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2013-03-13 | 甘肃省敦煌种业股份有限公司玉门市种子公司 | Saline soil modifying agent |
| CN105623672A (en) * | 2016-02-23 | 2016-06-01 | 新疆泰谷生物肥料有限公司 | Soda saline-alkali land soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN108018042A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2018-05-11 | 吉林农业大学 | A kind of mineral soil modifying agent for Soda saline and alkaline soils improvement |
| CN109233853A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-18 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | A kind of salt-affected soil modifying agent and its application |
-
2004
- 2004-03-29 CN CN 200410010772 patent/CN1676570A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102675000A (en) * | 2012-05-07 | 2012-09-19 | 青岛高次团粒生态技术有限公司 | Method for preparing soil culture medium suitable for growth of plants in industrial alkaline tailings dam |
| CN102965121A (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2013-03-13 | 甘肃省敦煌种业股份有限公司玉门市种子公司 | Saline soil modifying agent |
| CN102965121B (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2015-04-15 | 甘肃省敦煌种业股份有限公司玉门市种子公司 | Saline soil modifying agent |
| CN105623672A (en) * | 2016-02-23 | 2016-06-01 | 新疆泰谷生物肥料有限公司 | Soda saline-alkali land soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN108018042A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2018-05-11 | 吉林农业大学 | A kind of mineral soil modifying agent for Soda saline and alkaline soils improvement |
| CN109233853A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-18 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | A kind of salt-affected soil modifying agent and its application |
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