CN1668831A - 具有可变化横截面积的进气岐管 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种在增压室与内燃机进气口之间延伸的可调进气歧管。一个歧管外壳确定一个内部以及一个贯穿内部的流道壁。一个滑动器贯穿内部且与歧管外壳可滑动地啮合。滑动器确定一个滑动器壁,与流道壁一起形成一个于其中输送空气的流道。流道确定一个横截面。一个驱动装置工作地结合于歧管外壳和滑动器之间,以沿着歧管外壳横向移动滑动器,从而改变流道的所述设定横截面,因此,于流道中通过的空气量随着滑动器的移动而改变。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种内燃机的可调进气歧管。更具体地,本发明涉及一种具有可调节横截面积流道的可调进气歧管。
背景技术
内燃机的进气歧管用来把空气和燃料输送和导引到内燃机的气缸中。进气歧管从一增压室接收空气。一旦空气离开增压室,歧管把空气导引到单独的气缸中,空气容纳于气缸内且在气缸内用于燃烧。
可调进气歧管中每个流道的几何形状确定了空气输送到内燃机气缸的效率。流道的长度以及横截面积直接地影响空气到达气缸的压力和速度。
流道的设计通常是在一个特定的速度上最优化内燃机的性能。虽然在这个特定的速度时达到了最优化,内燃机在任意其它速度的性能被损害了。因此,需要成功地控制经过进气歧管流道的空气的压力和速度,以允许在不同的速度时内燃机的性能都达到最优化。
在1980年7月1日授权给Shaffer的美国专利4,210,107号中,公开了一种可调进气歧管。这种进气歧管包括多个进气流道,每个流道都具有一个侧壁,侧壁在每个进气流道的整个长度范围内都是可以调节的。可调侧壁相对于气流的方向在整个进气流道内横向地向内或者向外移动,相应地减少或者增加流经气流的横截面积。虽然这样一个可调侧壁可以调节每个流道的横截面积,侧壁在侧壁与侧壁离开的流道侧面之间产生一个空隙。该不用的体积未密封,且可能在空气经过时留下部分的空气,从而降低装置的功效,使得进气流道的效率减小。此外,这些空隙可能会在进气流道中产生不必要的气体紊流。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面,提供一种可调进气歧管,其在增压室与内燃机之间导引气流。可调进气歧管包括一个确定一内部的歧管外壳。歧管外壳具有多个贯穿整个内部的流道壁。可调歧管外壳还包括一个滑动器,滑动器具有多个贯穿整个歧管外壳内部的滑动器壁。所述多个滑动器壁与所述多个流道壁对应,确定多个流道。每个流道具有设定的用于输送气流的横截面积。滑动器可滑动地与歧管外壳啮合,用于相对于流道壁移动所述多个滑动器壁,以选择幸性地改变流道的设定横截面积,从而流经所述流道的空气量随着滑动器的移动而改变。
附图说明
通过参考下文详细的描述,同时联系附图,可以容易而且更好地理解本发明的优点,其中:
图1是一个增压室与可调进气歧管的剖开立体图,该可调进气歧管中结合了本发明的一个实施例;
图2是所述增压室与进气歧管的立体图;
图3是一个进气歧管的端视图;
图4是进气歧管的剖开立体图,其中移去了一部分的歧管外壳;以及
图5是另一个进气歧管实施例的剖开立体图,其中移去了一部分的歧管外壳。
具体实施方式
参见图1至4,可调进气歧管整体上标记为10。可调进气歧管10在一接收端12与一发送端14之间延伸。发送端14包括一块确定多个孔口17的端板15,孔口17对应于完全打开的流道的横截面,在下文中将更详细地描述此流道。可调进气歧管10包括一个歧管外壳16,其在所述接收端12与所述发送端14之间延伸。歧管外壳16确定内部18以及多个贯穿内部18的流道壁20。
可调进气歧管10从增压室21接收空气,增压室固定地连接在可调进气歧管10的接收端12。增压室21包括一个内腔21a,其作用是贮备空气。增压室21还包括多个邻近外壳16接收端12的出口23,各出口大体上与相对的多个孔口17中的一个相对应。虽然设计的是可调进气歧管10用于带燃料注射的内燃机,但是本领域内的普通技术人员应该理解,如果内燃机中配备了化油器或者中心燃料喷射器以输送用于燃烧的燃料,那么增压室21中可以容纳空气/燃料的混合物。
通过可调进气歧管10为内燃机输送空气,为内燃机中的随后燃烧作准备,内燃机与可调进气歧管10的发送端14工作连接。应该理解,虽然可调进气歧管10构造为与一个I-4内燃机一起工作,但是可调进气歧管10也可以设计得能与具有任意数量气缸的任意内燃机一起工作。
可调进气歧管10还包括一个贯穿歧管外壳16内部18的滑动器22。滑动器22滑动接合于歧管外壳16,以在内部18内横向移动。滑动器22包括一个平台24,平台24紧靠歧管外壳16的一个内表面26。内表面26比平台24长,允许平台24相对于内表面26滑动。
滑动器22还包括多个滑动器壁28。每个滑动器壁28与所述多个流道壁20中的一个配对。所述多个流道壁20与所述多个滑动器壁28彼此协作而确定多个流道30。多个流道30在对应的多个孔口17与增压室出口23之间延伸。每个流道30确定一个设定的横截面积以及体积。空气通过流道30从增压室21输送到内燃机。如图3中多最好地显示的,每个流道壁20与滑动器壁28都包括一个弯曲端31、33。每个流道壁20与滑动器壁28都包括一个从弯曲端31、33横向地延伸的侧面32、34。流道壁20与滑动器壁28的弯曲端31、33分别协同滑动器壁28与流道壁20的侧面34、32而确定多个开口37,气流通过所述开口37进入各流道30。随着滑动器壁相对于流道壁横向移动,开口37的尺寸也相应地减小或者增加。弯曲端31、33以及侧面32、34为唇形,通过使气流损失降到最小来使经过其中的气流效率达到最大。
为了保证不产生不必要的空腔,滑动器22包括多个在平台24与每个滑动器壁28之间大体上垂直地延伸的端壁35。当滑动器22移动以减少流道30的体积时,端壁35关闭每个孔口17以及每个出口23。本领域内的普通技术人员应该理解,滑动器22可以是单个零件,或者由多个零件牢固连接在一起形成。
如图4中所最好地显示的,一个沿流道的末端38延伸的密封件36,以把流道壁20相对于滑动器22的平台24密封。类似地,密封件40沿滑动器的端42延伸,以把每一个滑动器壁28相对于歧管外壳16的第二内表面44密封。从而,流道30为密封的槽道,空气通过流道30从增压室21输送到内燃机。优选地,密封件36、40由弹性或聚合材料制成。密封件36、40可以通过任意适合的方式紧固于端38、42,例如通过粘合剂或者干涉配合。密封件36、40也可以整体形成于端38、42上。
可调进气歧管10包括一个整体上标记为46的驱动装置。驱动装置46紧固于歧管外壳16且与滑动器22工作连接,以沿着歧管外壳16横向移动滑动器22,从而改变其设定的横截面。每个流道30的设定横截面的改变使得从其中经过的空气量改变。因为滑动器22沿歧管外壳16的内表面是无限可调的,所以流道30的尺寸是无限可调的,从而达到输送到内燃机的空气体积效率的最优化。这允许了内燃机在任意速度的运转都是最优化的。
驱动装置46包括一个电致动器48以及一个传动螺杆50。传动螺杆50是一个相对于滑动器22转动的蜗轮。
在优选实施例中,电致动器48是一个马达,其接收以内燃机速度为基础的信号,从而相应地转动螺丝50,把滑动器22移动到合适的位置上,以最优化内燃机的体积效率。螺丝50啮合从动壁52,从动壁52从滑动器22的平台24垂直地延伸出去。从动壁52包括一个螺纹孔54。传动螺杆50螺纹啮合螺纹孔54,从而,滑动器22响应于传动螺杆50的转动而相对于歧管外壳16移动。
通过用可调进气歧管10减小或扩大流道30的体积,可以对发动机的整个转速范围最优化或者控制内燃机的体积效率。通过移动滑动器22调整流道30的横截面而不是改变流道的长度,本发明的可调进气歧管10相对于常规的可调歧管的改进在于:不会因为壁的长度增加而增加摩擦损耗。可调进气歧管10尺寸紧凑且构造简单。因为流道30的长度不变动,可调进气歧管10在整个工作范围都保持了它的紧凑结构。此外,可以使用可调进气歧管10来最大化反射吸入波的有益效应,该波产生的原因是活塞被拉入至内燃机的气缸中。可调进气歧管10还允许进入内燃机的气流速度最优化。从而,加强了内燃机的内部增压作用。
参见图5,示出另一个驱动装置46’的实施例,其中滑动器延长部分60从平台24’往外突出。滑动器延长部分60包括一个孔62。传动螺杆50’螺纹地啮合孔62,从而滑动器22’响应于传动螺杆50’的转动而相对于歧管外壳16’移动。传动螺杆50’由马达48’旋转驱动。
本领域内的普通技术人员可以理解,发明10也可以包括任意数量用于相对于歧管外壳16移动滑动器22的马达。
已经用说明性的方式描述了本发明。可以理解,所用的术语是描述性地而不是限制性的。依据上述教示,本发明可以有许多的修改和变化。因此,在附加的权利要求的范围内,本发明能够以与具体描述不同的方式实施。
Claims (16)
1.一种用于在增压室与内燃机之间导引气流的可调进气歧管,所述可调进气歧管包括:
一个确定一内部的歧管外壳,所述歧管外壳具有多个贯穿所述内部的流道壁;以及
一个滑动器,其具有多个贯穿所述歧管外壳的所述内部的滑动器壁,其中所述的多个滑动器壁对应于所述的多个流道壁而确定多个流道,所述多个流道中的每一个都具有设定的横截面积用于在其中输送气流,所述滑动器可滑动地啮合所述歧管外壳,以相对于所述的多个流道壁移动所述的多个滑动器壁,从而选择性地改变所述多个流道的所述设定的横截面积,从而于所述流道中通过的空气量随着所述滑动器的所述移动而改变。
2.如权利要求1所述的可调进气歧管,其包括一个驱动装置,该驱动装置工作地连接所述歧管外壳与所述滑动器,以相对于所述歧管外壳移动所述滑动器,从而改变所述多个流道中每一个的所述设定的横截面积,从而于所述流道中通过的空气量随着所述滑动器的所述移动而改变。
3.如权利要求2所述的可调进气歧管,其中,所述滑动器包括一个与所述歧管外壳滑动地啮合的平台,用于相对于所述歧管外壳移动所述滑动器。
4.如权利要求3所述的可调进气歧管,其中,所述的多个滑动器壁从所述平台往外延伸,以随所述平台相对于所述多个流道壁移动,从而选择性地改变所述多个流道的所述设定的横截面积,从而于所述流道中通过的空气量随着所述滑动器的所述移动而改变。
5.如权利要求4所述的可调进气歧管,其中,所述的多个滑动器壁中的每一个都包括一个弯曲端以及一个从所述弯曲端横向地延伸的侧表面。
6.如权利要求5所述的可调进气歧管,其中,所述的多个流道壁中的每一个都包括一个弯曲端以及一个从所述弯曲端横向地延伸的侧表面。
7.如权利要求6所述的可调进气歧管,其中,所述多个流道壁及所述多个滑动器壁的所述弯曲端分别与所述多个滑动器壁及所述多个流道壁的所述侧表面协作,而确定一个开口用于接收从中经过的气流。
8.如权利要求7所述的可调进气歧管,其中,所述的弯曲与侧表面为唇形,将因为气流流经所述开口而导致的流动损耗减到最小。
9.如权利要求8所述的可调进气歧管,其在一个接收端与一个发送端之间延伸,其中,所述发送端包括一块端板,所述端板具有对应于所述的多个流道的多个孔口,用于从所述流道接收气流。
10.如权利要求9所述的可调进气歧管,其中,所述滑动器包括多个端壁,每个所述端壁从每个所述的多个滑动器壁和所述的平台往外延伸,使因为所述多个滑动器壁相对于所述多个流道壁移动而产生的空腔最少。
11.如权利要求10所述的可调进气歧管,其包括多个密封件,每个所述密封件都位于所述的多个流道壁与所述的平台之间以及所述的多个滑动器壁与所述歧管外壳之间,以防止气流从每个所述的多个流道中漏出。
12.如权利要求11所述的可调进气歧管,其中,所述的驱动装置包括一个传动螺杆,该传动螺杆与所述滑动器螺纹啮合,以引起所述滑动器响应于所述传动螺杆转动而相对于所述歧管外壳的所述移动。
13.如权利要求12所述的可调进气歧管,其中,所述驱动装置包括一个马达,用于旋转驱动所述的传动螺杆,从而引起所述滑动器响应所述传动螺杆转动而相对于所述歧管外壳的所述移动。
14.一种用于在增压室与内燃机之间导引气流的可调进气歧管,所述可调进气歧管包括:
一个确定一内部的歧管外壳,所述歧管外壳具有一个贯穿所述内部的流道壁;以及
一个具有贯穿所述歧管外壳的所述内部的一个滑动器壁的滑动器,所述滑动器壁与所述流道壁配合而确定一个具有设定横截面积的流道,以穿过所述流道输送气流,所述滑动器可滑动地啮合所述歧管外壳,以相对于所述流道壁移动所述滑动器壁,从而选择性地改变所述流道的所述设定横截面积,从而于所述流道中通过的空气量随着所述滑动器的所述移动而改变。
15.如权利要求14所述的可调进气歧管,其中,所述滑动器包括一个与所述歧管外壳可滑动地啮合的平台,以相对于所述歧管外壳移动所述滑动器。
16.如权利要求15所述的可调进气歧管,其中,所述的滑动器壁从所述平台往外延伸以随所述平台相对于所述流道壁移动,以选择性地改变所述流道的所述设定横截面积,从而于所述流道中通过的空气量随着所述滑动器的所述移动而改变。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US39711502P | 2002-07-19 | 2002-07-19 | |
US60/397,115 | 2002-07-19 |
Publications (1)
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CN1668831A true CN1668831A (zh) | 2005-09-14 |
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ID=30771000
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CNA038172437A Pending CN1668831A (zh) | 2002-07-19 | 2003-07-18 | 具有可变化横截面积的进气岐管 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7143733B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1540154A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2005533218A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20050052455A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1668831A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2003246496A1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2492845A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2004009975A1 (zh) |
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CN104179609A (zh) * | 2013-05-21 | 2014-12-03 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | 可变进气口截面进气歧管总成 |
CN105484913A (zh) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-04-13 | 浙江大学城市学院 | 一种提高方程式赛车循环进气量的可变谐振进气系统 |
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EP2912297B1 (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2017-03-22 | Caterpillar Energy Solutions GmbH | Intake assembly for an internal combustion engine and internal combustion engine with the same |
JP6042296B2 (ja) * | 2013-09-09 | 2016-12-14 | 株式会社クボタ | エンジン |
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- 2003-07-18 US US10/496,602 patent/US7143733B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-07-18 CA CA002492845A patent/CA2492845A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-07-18 EP EP03764862A patent/EP1540154A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-07-18 WO PCT/CA2003/001088 patent/WO2004009975A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-07-18 CN CNA038172437A patent/CN1668831A/zh active Pending
- 2003-07-18 KR KR1020057000896A patent/KR20050052455A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-07-18 AU AU2003246496A patent/AU2003246496A1/en not_active Abandoned
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CN104179609A (zh) * | 2013-05-21 | 2014-12-03 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | 可变进气口截面进气歧管总成 |
CN104179609B (zh) * | 2013-05-21 | 2016-08-31 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | 可变进气口截面进气歧管总成 |
CN105484913A (zh) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-04-13 | 浙江大学城市学院 | 一种提高方程式赛车循环进气量的可变谐振进气系统 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20050066927A1 (en) | 2005-03-31 |
AU2003246496A1 (en) | 2004-02-09 |
WO2004009975A1 (en) | 2004-01-29 |
JP2005533218A (ja) | 2005-11-04 |
US7143733B2 (en) | 2006-12-05 |
KR20050052455A (ko) | 2005-06-02 |
EP1540154A1 (en) | 2005-06-15 |
CA2492845A1 (en) | 2004-01-29 |
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