CN1666059A - 船的货物压力罐中的装载管 - Google Patents

船的货物压力罐中的装载管 Download PDF

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CN1666059A
CN1666059A CN03815840XA CN03815840A CN1666059A CN 1666059 A CN1666059 A CN 1666059A CN 03815840X A CN03815840X A CN 03815840XA CN 03815840 A CN03815840 A CN 03815840A CN 1666059 A CN1666059 A CN 1666059A
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pipe
pressure tank
cargo pressure
cargo
ship
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CN100335840C (zh
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佩尔·洛特
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Knudsen Nyk Carbon Carrier AS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/14—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed pressurised
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/4486—Floating storage vessels, other than vessels for hydrocarbon production and storage, e.g. for liquid cargo
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0138—Shape tubular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/032—Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
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    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0617—Single wall with one layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
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    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0142—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels bundled in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F17C2223/047—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
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    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
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    • F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
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    • F17C2270/00—Applications
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  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
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Abstract

一种船(2)的货物压力罐中的管(10)，管(10)主要用于液体的装载和卸载，并且管(10)的开口端部(13)设置在货物压力罐(1)的下部(14)的上方。

Description

船的货物压力罐中的装载管
本发明涉及船的货物压力罐中的装载管。特别地，涉及一种设置在货物压力罐中的管，其中安装管专门用于船装载或卸载期间使用。
气体石油产品的海上运输主要利用所谓的液化天然气(LNG)的方法。该方法包括将气体冷却至液体状态，因此气体可以在常温下用油船运输。在装载地和卸载地都需要昂贵的设备。由于气体必须被冷却到相当低的温度，多达1/5的气体用于冷却和加热操作过程。仅用于相关运输过程就消耗这么多能量是昂贵的并且带来环境问题。
已经提出几种其它的基于船的解决方案，其中气体被压缩和/或冷却以获得适合实际船运的气体密度。这种解决方案几乎没有获得实际使用，但是在船的货舱中安装大量的垂直管状压力罐的解决方案引起了很大的注意。这种方法称之为压缩天然气方法-PNG。根据这种方法，在装载地气体被压缩超过200巴，然后被灌装到设置在船上的货物压力罐中。冷却限制为简单且便宜地从气体中去除压缩热，因此运输温度接近于周围的温度。
当在货舱中使用相当多优选地垂直安装的货物压力罐时，希望每一个货物压力罐具有尽可能少的管接头。在装载、运输和卸载阶段承受高压的管接头应该被连续地监控。
本质上，船的管道工程管必须允许货物压力罐完全倒空。而且，必须设计成允许容易地检查货物压力罐上的外部管接头。
本发明的目的是说明一种装置，其中可以利用单个管接头满足上述特性。
根据本发明，利用公开在下文和所附的权利要求书中的特征实现本目的。
在完成货物压力罐顶部和不可分离地将它连接到货物压力罐的圆柱形中间部分之前，管已经被设置在货物压力罐中。管从货物压力罐的内底部突出并且优选地达到货物压力罐的上部，其中管经穿过货物压力罐壁的套管连接到货物压力罐的外部管接头。
在沿着管的纵向长度的至少一个位置，管连接到可以相对货物压力罐的内壁移动的导架上。
优选地，悬挂在货物压力罐上部的管因此可以通过沿管纵向方向的位移在它的纵向方向自由伸张。为了避免在货物压力罐和管之间沿管的径向方向的相对运动以及为了减缓管中可能发生的振动，导架优选地被轻微地预张紧于货物压力罐的内壁。
在装载时，液体通过管流到货物压力罐的下部，从而货物压力罐中的压力增加。当货物压力罐装满石油气时，例如由于相当高的压力，货物压力罐中仅很小部分的货物体积将是气相。
在从船上卸载时，如果在装载时压缩于货物压力罐中的气体的一部分不能再液化，那么流出货物压力罐的液体逐渐停止，剩余在货物压力罐中不足的压力不能推动所有的货物液体向上通过管。这可以通过泵送压缩气体向下通过管来加以补偿。因此在剩余气体流出前直到在货物压力罐中的压力近似等于需要的压力，货物压力罐中的压力增加到足以推动剩余的液体排出。
如果希望，管导架可以固定地连接到货物压力罐上，同时管可以在导架中移动。
本质上，悬挂在货物压力罐中的管仅仅承受它自己重量的负载。而且，在管里面和外面存在较为适中的压力差。货物压力容器中的货物密度和高度决定了压力差。因此，管可以设置有相当小的材料厚度，如管被至少一个导架支持。
下面描述在附图中示出的优选地实施例的非限制性的例子，其中：
图1示意性地示出经多个安装在船的货物舱中的货物压力罐的截面；
图2示出经货物压力罐的纵向截面；以及
图3示出图2中的II-II截面。
在附图中，标号1表示货物压力罐，其与其它货物压力罐1一起垂直地设置在船2的货舱4中。货物压力罐1单独或成组地经连接管8与船的主装载和卸载管6连接。
管10从货物压力罐1的上部12向下突出，并且它的开口13设置在货物压力罐1的下部14的正上方。管通过货物压力罐1的上部12中的开口16密封地导通并连接于管接头18，这里以管法兰的形式示出。
货物压力罐1的上部和下部12、14不可分离地连接到货物压力罐1的圆柱体15上。
管接头18密闭地连接到一个连接管8上。
在沿着管10纵向长度的至少一个位置，管10设置有基本上径向突出的导架20。导架20的滑动面22可移动地承靠在货物压力罐1的内壁24上。
这样悬挂并且连接于货物压力罐1的管10设置为允许在它的纵向方向自由地伸张，同时利用导架20可以避免在径向方向的移动。
因此，管10承受相当小的机械负载并且可以是纤细的结构。
货物压力罐1利用管10的装载和卸载以说明书的综述部分中描述的方式实施。
导架20可以具有其他的几何设计，例如球形，并且在滑动表面22上设置有例如减震材料。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于船(2)的货物压力罐中的管(10)的装置，管(10)主要用于液体的装载和卸载，其特征在于，管(10)的开口端部(13)设置在货物压力罐(1)的下部(14)的上方。
2.根据权利要求1的装置，其特征在于，管(10)从货物压力罐(1)的上部(12)延伸并悬挂。
3.根据前述权利要求中一个或多个的装置，其特征在于，管(10)设置有至少一个导架(20)，设置导架(20)用来减小管(10)在径向方向上的移动。
4.根据前述权利要求中一个或多个的装置，其特征在于，导架(20)可以沿着货物压力罐(1)的纵向方向移动。
5.根据前述权利要求中一个或多个的装置，其中货物压力罐(1)包括不可分离地连接其上和下部(12、14)的圆柱体(15)，其特征在于，管(10)连通地连接于货物压力罐(1)外部上的管(8)，所述管(8)从货物压力罐(1)的上部(12)突出，管(10)的开口(13)设置在下部(14)上方。
6.根据权利要求5的装置，其特征在于，管(10)设置有导架(20)。
CNB03815840XA 2002-07-04 2003-06-26 船的货物压力罐中的装载管 Expired - Lifetime CN100335840C (zh)

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US2537085A (en) * 1946-10-25 1951-01-09 Warren Petroleum Corp Cargo-type tank vessel having separable tanks
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US5294917A (en) * 1992-04-06 1994-03-15 Wilkins Larry C Liquid level sensor using float and magnetic means
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ATE349646T1 (de) 2007-01-15
WO2004005790A1 (en) 2004-01-15
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