CN1665457A - 具有机械压缩的生物相容性颗粒的假体固定元件 - Google Patents

具有机械压缩的生物相容性颗粒的假体固定元件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1665457A
CN1665457A CN038154412A CN03815441A CN1665457A CN 1665457 A CN1665457 A CN 1665457A CN 038154412 A CN038154412 A CN 038154412A CN 03815441 A CN03815441 A CN 03815441A CN 1665457 A CN1665457 A CN 1665457A
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China
Prior art keywords
prosthese
compressor
material bodies
bone
parts
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Granted
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CN038154412A
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CN100508914C (zh
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艾伦·戈登·麦克劳德
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Fondel Finance BV
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Fondel Finance BV
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    • A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0019—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in hardness, e.g. Vickers, Shore, Brinell
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
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    • A61F2310/00023—Titanium or titanium-based alloys, e.g. Ti-Ni alloys
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00365—Proteins; Polypeptides; Degradation products thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00389—The prosthesis being coated or covered with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00976—Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of proteins or of polypeptides, e.g. of bone morphogenic proteins BMP or of transforming growth factors TGF
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Abstract

公开了一种用于将假体(3)固定在哺乳动物的体组织例如骨(20)中的组件(1)，其包括：一个机械压缩装置(4)；以及一个材料体(17)，其至少包括具有海绵状结构的生物相容性材料颗粒(18)。其中，所述机械压缩装置(4)被设计成在使用过程中通过以下操作压缩所述颗粒(18)，即插入骨(20)中的孔(15)中，然后使所述机械压缩装置(4)的至少第一部件(2)相对于其第二部件(5，30)作相对移动，这样，所述压缩装置的外表面的至少一部分(10)与所述孔(15)的邻近内表面(23)之间的至少一个空间(16)的体积(V0)被减小。

Description

具有机械压缩的生物相容性颗粒的假体固定元件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于将假体固定在体组织例如骨中的组件。本发明还涉及一种假体和一种用于固定这种假体的方法，以及涉及生物相容性颗粒在固定假体中的应用。
背景技术
为将假体固定在骨中，现有技术状态下公知有各种不同的方法，例如使用粘固剂、基于记忆金属的固定元件，或使用诸如销、螺钉、板和类似物的其他机械固定元件。
WO00/13615公开了一种用于通过使用这样一种置入物将假体固定在骨中的方法，即所述置入物包括一个囊，所述囊中充满着一定剂量的组织相容性材料的多孔颗粒与分解的组织相容性生物材料例如骨粉的混合物，并且，已在所述混合物中添加了可使所述混合物在所述囊内造型或成型的其他组织相容性成分。在使用之前，振动所述囊，以使所述混合物获得足够的压缩。将所述囊装配到一个腔例如髋假体所用的髋臼腔中，然后将一个涂覆着钛的塑料髋臼杯挤压装配在所述腔中和所述囊上。在这种方法中，会发生组织材料通过所述囊向内生长和向外生长，从而可将髋臼杯以生物学方式固定在骨盆的骨上。
这种公知的方法具有以下缺点：由于执行压缩所需的振动而会使所述囊的压缩不均匀。这就意味着，在使用中，骨与假体之间的混合物的致密性不能受到影响，这是不利的。而且，在这种公知的方法中，所述假体在定位之后不能立即承受载荷。
实际中，而且还公知通过以下方法将一个假体例如髋假体固定在股骨中：在所述股骨中钻取一个孔，用钛颗粒、生物组织例如骨组织和营养物的混合物部分地填充所述孔，然后将所述假体的轴杆导入所述孔中，在此之后，例如通过高或低频率振动来振动所述颗粒混合物，并同时将所述轴杆向下挤压到所述孔中。这时，所述颗粒混合物就会被沿着所述轴杆向上作用，并同时会在所述孔的内壁与所述轴杆的外表面之间压缩。这种公知方法具有以下缺点：振动必须在所述轴杆处于股骨中和同时向下推动所述轴杆时完成，而且在所述轴杆的长度上压缩不能得到调节。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是提供这样一种用于将假体固定在骨中的组件，即其可克服现有方法和组件中的至少多个缺点，并能保留它们所具有的绝大部分优点。
具体地讲，本发明的目的是提供这样一种组件，即其能够沿着假体的一部分的外表面对包括多孔颗粒的混合物的压缩进行调节，以便能沿着所述假体的所述部分获得所述压缩的期望分布。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种能够在放置时尤其是不需要振动骨即可固定在所述骨中的假体。
本发明的又一目的是提供一种易于定位和固定且可促进骨生长来达到固定的假体或组件。
此外，本发明的还一个目的是提供一种用于将假体以安全容易的方式固定在骨中的方法。
而且，本发明的另一个目的是提供特别是通过使用化学处理的钛或钛混合物获得的生物相容性颗粒海绵状材料在将假体固定在骨中的应用。
上述这些和另外的目的可通过根据本发明的组件、假体、方法和使用获得。
在一种如权利要求1所限定的根据本发明的组件中，机械压缩装置被设置用于在所述假体导入一个孔眼例如骨中的孔时至少部分地压缩包括颗粒的材料体。所述机械压缩装置被设计成在所述孔内使所述颗粒抵靠着所述孔眼的内壁和/或在所述机械压缩装置内压缩，而且骨和组织能从所述孔眼的内壁至少生长到所述颗粒中。
在根据本发明的组件中，可获得以下另外的优点：所述假体能够立即承受载荷，而且通过所述假体特别是通过所述压缩装置和所述颗粒施加在所述骨的壁上的力能够得到精密地控制。由于太大的压力可能会引起骨再吸收，因此这是非常有利的。如果使用根据本发明的组件，可重复获得良好的生长条件。
包括颗粒的所述材料体优选包括通过与四氯化钛发生化学反应而获得的颗粒。
在根据本发明的组件中的优选实施例中，所述压缩装置被设计为沿着所述假体的纵向上的至少一部分或在所述假体的所述部分的表面上以不同的压缩率压缩包括颗粒的所述材料体。例如，在假体的颈部周围的压缩率可比在距所述颈部一段距离处的压缩率大，这样，在所述假体导入的所述孔眼/孔的开口附近的压缩率就比开口之下的孔内的压缩率高。试验表明，这对例如在所述材料体内引起微运动非常有利，从而可促进组织生长到所述材料体中，具体地讲，是生长到所述颗粒中。
所述材料体可包括具有不同硬度和/或尺寸的颗粒，而且不同颗粒的分布易于根据预期压缩率和范围以及进入到所述材料体中的组织生长率进行选择。
所述压缩装置可非常有用地被设计成通过彼此相对转动不同的部件来压缩包括颗粒的所述材料体。在这种实施例中，所述假体即固定元件的一部分例如轴杆的一部分和所述压缩装置插入开口例如骨中的孔中，随后进行转动来压缩所述材料体。这样具有以下优点：所述假体或至少导入所述开口中的所述部分能够在压缩之前定位在预期位置上。因此，所述压缩操作对所述位置的影响相对较小或没有影响。在一个替代性实施例中，所述压缩装置能够被设计为通过平移操作或平移和转动的组合操作执行压缩。例如，将假体的轴杆放置在骨中的开口中并且使其抵靠在所述开口的底部上，然后沿着所述轴杆向上或向下推动所述压缩装置的一部分使其进入所述开口中，从而压缩所述材料体。这种移动能够很容易产生。包括所述颗粒的所述材料体能够例如通过使用生物相容性物质例如胶原、淀粉、胶水或类似物粘结在所述假体的一部分上。相同的物质可用于将所述颗粒与所述材料体中的其他可能物质互连起来。在一个替代性实施例中，所述材料体能够被包围在一个环绕着所述假体的固定元件的至少一部分延伸的壳体内，所述壳体易于使体组织例如骨组织通过其生长到环绕着所述部分的骨中或从所述骨生长。所述壳体可是刚性的或挠性的，并且可是生物相容性和/或生物再吸收的。显然，它们之间的组合也可以。
本发明还涉及一种根据权利要求10的假体。
这种假体具有以下优点：其能够很容易地固定在骨中，并能促进骨生长，从而，通过使骨生长到环绕着所述假体的固定元件的至少一部分的材料体中来相对较快地实现固定。
根据本发明的假体具有以下优点：包括颗粒材料的所述材料体可在使用之前和在导入骨中之前固定在所述假体和/或压缩装置上。
本发明还涉及一种根据权利要求11的用于固定假体的方法。
这种方法具有以下优点：假体能够很容易地定位和固定在一个开口例如骨中的孔中，并能压缩环绕着所述假体的一部分的材料体，而且可促进和/或增进体组织例如骨生长到所述材料体中或从所述材料体生长到周围的骨或其他体组织中。这种生长可产生更好的固定。由于压缩通过使用机械元件获得，因此能够很容易地且安全地控制和改变压缩率，并且可以省掉不良的振动，这对于患者来说非常有益。此外，所述材料体中的所述颗粒的微观结构特别是所述孔隙度能够得到更好地保持。
本发明还涉及一种根据权利要求13的制备将要被固定在骨中的假体的方法。
通过制备一个具有包括具有海绵状结构特别是微观结构的生物相容性颗粒的假体和制备用于以机械方式压缩所述材料体的压缩装置，所述假体就可被置入和固定。
在本发明内所使用的颗粒优选由钛或钛合金和/或可导致产生预期海绵状结构的四氯化钛的反应产物制成，或者至少包括上述物质。这种颗粒已被证明优于通过使气体通过熔融钛而制成的颗粒，这是由于它们能够使体组织尤其是骨更好地向内生长并且它们的孔隙度能够得到更好地控制。
根据本发明的组件、假体和方法的其他有利实施例在另外的从属权利要求中给出。
附图说明
为了更好地理解本发明，附图中示出了仅作为实例的不同的
实施例。附图包括：
图1以透视图的形式示意性地示出了一个根据本发明的具有压缩装置的假体的组件的一部分；
图2以剖视图的形式示意性地示出了根据图1的所述假体，其处于所谓的闭合位置，此时可插入骨中的孔中；
图3示意性地示出了与图2中的相同的剖视图，其中所述假体处于所谓的打开位置，在此位置上可产生固定；
图4以根据图2和3的剖视图的形式示意性地示出了所述假体，其处于所述打开位置，并被插入到骨中；
图5以侧视图的形式示意性地示出了插入到骨中的根据本发明的假体的一个实例；
图6以透视图的形式示意性地示出了一个用于根据本发明的组件中的压缩装置的一部分；以及
图7示意性地示出了另一个实施例中的根据本发明的假体的一个实例。
具体实施方式
在上述这些附图中，相同或同样的部件具有相同或同样的附图标记。
在附图所示的实例中，示出了一个髋假体。显然，相似的压缩装置可用于其他假体，特别是用于其他关节的假体。
图1以透视图的形式示意性地示出了根据本发明的组件1的一部分，具体地讲，是由压缩装置4部分地包围着的假体3的轴杆2的一部分。图2示出了沿着线II所作的与轴杆2的纵轴A垂直的剖视图。上述图2示出了轴杆2和压缩装置4的壳体5，所述壳体5包括两个彼此相对布置并且沿轴杆2的一部分纵向延伸的脊部6，其中，这些脊部6由多个包围着轴杆2的跨接部7连接起来。图6以透视图的形式示出了轴杆2的一部分，其将由壳体5包围着。图6清楚地示出了一系列位于轴杆2的两相反侧上的凸轮8，每个凸轮8分别具有一个逐渐增大的径向高度，即从轴杆2的中心圆形横截面9上方的高度H0增加至高度H1。从图2中可以看出，凸轮8彼此径向相反地定位，从而，轴杆2的圆柱形表面10的一部分可自由地位于第一凸轮8A的最低端H0与相反凸轮8B的邻近高端之间。如图2所示，脊部6在两个跨接部7之间以紧密配合的方式通过配对表面11抵靠在外表面10上，并且，在脊部6中设有开口12，凸轮8的高端H1在处于闭合位置上时能够紧密配合在所述开口12中。在如图2中所示的所述闭合位置上，轴杆2能够绕着纵轴A沿着方向C转动，这样，凸轮8就可被至少部分地移出开口12，并直到凸轮8的低端H0抵靠在脊部6上为止，从而可限制沿着方向C的转动的范围。如图3所示，在通过上述方式实现的打开位置上，一个止动元件例如销13可插入壳体5中，这样，就可防止向着图2中所示的所述闭合位置的方向发生回转。这种锁定显然能够以多种不同的方式实现。
壳体5具有大致椭圆形的外轮廓14，从而，当插入诸如股骨的骨中的孔15中时，可防止壳体5在所述孔15内转动。在所述壳体5内设有开放空间16，所述开放空间16由两个相邻跨接部7与轴杆2(特别是位于相反侧的凸轮8和壳体5)包围着。所述开放空间略呈C形，并且在轴杆2(特别是凸轮8)与外轮廓14之间深度逐渐增大。如图2所示，当压缩装置4处于所述闭合位置上时，每个开放空间16的体积V0相对较大，而当转动到所述打开位置上时，如图3所示，开放空间16的体积V1相对较小，这是由于凸轮8的较高部分进入了所述开放空间16中。优选地，凸轮8、轴杆2以及外轮廓14的尺寸这样选择，即在所述打开位置上时，凸轮8的外表面接近于外轮廓14。
如图4和图5中示意性地所示，在轴杆2和/或压缩装置4的外侧，特别是在凸轮8上，以及在开放空间16内和/或在壳体5上，设有由颗粒材料18构成的材料体17，所述颗粒材料是生物相容性的，并且孔眼相当多，从而，骨和组织就可生长到材料体17中，特别是生长到颗粒材料18中。优选地，可为海绵状的所述颗粒材料通过与四氯化钛发生化学反应获得。如图5所示，材料体17沿着轴杆2的纵向可具有不同的密度和/或成分。在图5中，例如，凸轮8之间的区域上设有具有较高密度的颗粒材料18的材料体17A，所述颗粒材料可具有例如比沿着假体3的其他部分布置的材料体17B的颗粒材料的硬度高的硬度。材料体17例如通过使用将所述颗粒材料保持在封闭材料体17中的胶原或不同的生物相容性材料特别是胶水状材料优选设在假体3上。作为一种替代性方法，材料体17也可封装到被设计成这样的膜状材料、网状物、外壳体或类似物中，即当插入骨20中的孔15中时骨和组织能够生长到材料体17中和从材料体17中长出。在图5中，示出了一个仅作为实例的髋假体，其包括一个具有球关节22的颈部21。
根据本发明的假体可以以下方式使用。
孔15设在骨例如股骨中，并例如如图5所示呈略微锥形，而且具有这样的尺寸，即在所述压缩装置4处于图2中所示的所述闭合位置上时，被材料体17包围着的所述假体能够相对紧密地装配在孔15中。当所述假体至少几乎完全地插入孔15中时，优选由于壳体5的形状而可防止壳体5绕着纵轴A转动，在此之后，轴杆2带着颈部21和球关节22绕纵轴A沿着方向C转动到图3和图4中所示的所述打开位置，从而，可使材料体17至少部分地移出开放空间16和抵靠在孔15的内壁23上，这样，就可以合适的方式压缩所述颗粒材料。因此，作用在所述颗粒材料和内壁23上的力可至少显著和优选完全地防止骨吸收。由于凸轮8和壳体5的形状，以及所选择的位于所述开放空间内和环绕着所述轴杆周围的特殊颗粒材料，从而总可以获得材料体的期望压缩，而又不必例如使所述材料体振动。
如果使用根据本发明的组件和方法，假体可以这样的简单、高效和低成本的方式放置、固定和直接承受载荷，即所述方式适合于患者，而且不需要诸如粘固剂或固定元件的附加手段，其中，所述固定元件例如可为接骨螺钉和类似元件。所述假体可在导入骨中之前制备好，而且不必将骨或其他体组织添加到所述材料体上，尽管显然营养物、骨或其他体组织如果希望也可添加到所述材料体上。材料体17可在导入孔中之前固定在组件1上，但材料体17也可不与组件1的轴杆2、压缩装置4和/或其他部件一起导入孔中。
在本实施例中示出的壳体5由两个部件组装而成，从而，具有凸轮8的轴杆2可被包围在脊部6之间。显然，还可提供其他组装方法或使用其他生产技术来配备这种脊部。
在图7中，示出了根据本发明的组件1的一个替代性实施例，其中，压缩装置4被设计成沿着轴杆2作纵向移动。所述压缩装置包括一个环形元件30，其可在轴杆2的纵向A上沿着轴杆2在第一位置与第二位置之间移动，其中，所述第一位置示意性地示于图7的右侧，所述第二位置示意性地示于图7的左侧。环形元件30包括一个侧衬体31，其从顶环32向下延伸，并且在背离所述顶环32朝向自由端33的方向上具有逐渐降低的壁厚。所述轴杆呈略微圆锥形或圆柱形，并设有一个中心轴杆部34和一个第二侧衬体35，所述第二侧衬体35环绕着中心轴杆部34的一部分，并且在其下端36附近连接着中心轴杆部34。第二侧衬体35被分成多个沿着纵向彼此相邻延伸的指状物38，并且，在所述指状物38的内表面与中心轴杆部34上的紧邻于该内表面的外表面之间包围着一个楔形空间37。楔形空间37的形状和尺寸是这样的，即在第一位置(图7的左侧)上，侧衬体31仅部分延伸到空间37中，并抵靠在指状物38的内表面和中心轴杆部34的外表面的至少一部分上。包括海绵状颗粒材料18的材料体17至少设在所述组件的外表面39的一部分上，特别是设在指状物38和/或轴杆2的外表面上。当所述假体至少其轴杆2导入骨中的装配孔15中时，将为具有侧衬体31的环形元件30的压缩装置4向下推动到第二位置(图7的右侧)，由于指状物38和/或空间37的楔形形状，从而会使指状物38至少部分地向外扩张。颗粒材料18因此会压靠在孔15的内壁上，进而可得到压缩。通过特别是适当地设计所述指状物和所述侧衬体以及优选提供一个合适的装配孔，可重复性地获得期望程度的压缩，而且不需要振动。一个弹性指40设在至少一个所述指状物或轴杆上，一个可容纳所述弹性指的开口41设在所述轴杆和所述指状物中的另一个上，这样，当所述指状物进入到所述第二位置时，弹性指40就会伸到开口41中，从而，可防止指状物38向回移动到第一位置。
由于不需要向下的力作用在所述假体上，因此，图1至6中所示的所述压缩装置的转动非常有利。例如由于所述假体能够插入正确的位置上而又不必转动颈部21和球关节22，因此，为压缩所进行的纵向移动非常有利。
本发明并不局限于附图中所描述或所示的实施例。许多变体被认为仍属于权利要求书所限定的范围和本发明的精神。
可对所示的实施例的部件进行各种组合，例如，使压缩装置可既能转动又能纵向移动地执行压缩。相似的压缩装置能够用于其他假体，例如用于可被挤压装配到装配孔中的臼杯，从而可通过机械方式压缩包括颗粒材料的材料体。这种臼杯的外表面的至少一部分可在使用之前设有上述材料体。所述材料体能够通过多种方式固定在所述轴杆和所述压缩装置上，其中一些方式已在前面作了叙述。所述压缩装置例如凸轮8和指状物38的形状可以改变，而且不同的形状可用于相同的压缩装置中，这样做例如是为了改变材料体17特别是其中的颗粒材料18的压缩率。颗粒材料至少部分地压缩，即彼此和/或与所述组件的部件和/或孔的内壁紧密接触非常重要，其中，所述假体通过机械元件固定在所述孔中。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于将假体固定在哺乳动物的体组织例如骨中的组件，包括：一个机械压缩装置以及一个至少包括具有海绵状结构的生物相容性材料颗粒的材料体；其中，所述机械压缩装置被设计成在使用过程中通过以下操作压缩所述颗粒：即所述机械压缩装置被插入骨中的孔中，然后产生机械压缩装置的至少第一部件相对于其第二部件的相对运动，以使所述压缩装置的外表面的至少一部分与所述孔的邻近内表面之间的至少一个空间的体积被减小。
2.如权利要求1所述的组件，其特征在于，所述压缩装置被设计成具有一个纵向部件，所述压缩装置被设置成沿着所述纵向部件压缩至少由所述颗粒组成的材料体，所述压缩装置被设计成沿着所述纵向部件改变压缩率。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的组件，其特征在于，所述压缩装置包括纵向上彼此相隔一段距离的第一端和第二端，所述压缩装置被设计成在使用过程中提供沿着所述第二端的方向逐渐减小的压缩。
4.如前面权利要求中任一所述的组件，其特征在于，所述材料体至少包括两种不同硬度的颗粒。
5.如前面权利要求中任一所述的组件，其特征在于，所述材料体包括至少两种不同尺寸的颗粒。
6.如前面权利要求中任一所述的组件，其特征在于，所述压缩装置被设计成通过相对于所述第二部件转动至少所述第一部件来压缩含有颗粒的所述材料体。
7.如权利要求6所述的组件，其特征在于，所述第一部件包括肋、凸轮或类似物，它们在第一位置上被在一定程度上包围于所述第二部件内，在第二位置上，它们被在减小的程度上包围于所述第二部件内，在使用过程中，通过将所述第一部件相对于所述第二部件从所述第一位置转动至所述第二位置，所述空间的体积被减小，从而压缩所述材料体。
8.如权利要求5或6所述的组件，其特征在于，所述第一部件包括肋、凸轮或类似物，它们在第一位置上被在一定程度上包围于所述第二部件内，在第二位置上，它们被在减小的程度上包围于所述第二部件内，在使用过程中，通过使所述第一部件相对于所述第二部件从所述第一位置平移至所述第二位置，所述空间的体积被减小，从而压缩所述材料体。
9.如前面权利要求中任一所述的组件，其特征在于，所述压缩装置被设计成在使用过程中提供出一个位于固定着所述假体的孔的开口附近的台肩固定部，所述假体在开口处固定得比距所述台肩一段距离处更为紧固，所述假体可在所述台肩下方弯曲，以获得用于诱发骨生长到所述颗粒中的微运动。
10.一种假体，包括：一个固定元件，例如轴杆，所述固定元件的至少一部分上设有压缩装置；以及一个至少包括具有海绵状结构的生物相容性材料颗粒的材料体，其被包围在所述压缩装置内，在使用过程中，所述压缩装置可在所述固定元件被插在骨中的孔中时操作，并且通过所述压缩装置的至少一部分使骨从所述骨中的所述孔的壁生长到所述颗粒中。
11.一种用于将假体固定在骨中的方法，包括以下步骤：
在所述骨中提供一个孔；
将一个压缩装置和一个固定元件例如假体的轴杆导入所述孔中；
将一个至少包括生物相容性的海绵状材料颗粒的材料体被导入到所述压缩装置中和/或所述压缩装置的至少一部分与所述孔的内壁之间的至少一个空间中；以及
相对于所述压缩装置的第二部件移动其第一部件，以减小所述至少一个空间的体积，并且在所述压缩装置内和/或在所述压缩装置与所述内壁之间压缩至少一部分所述材料体。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述假体导入骨中的孔中的过程中，或优选在该过程之前，所述材料体被导入所述至少一个空间中。
13.一种用于制备假体的方法，该假体将要被固定在骨中的一个开口例如孔中，其中，所述假体设有压缩装置，所述压缩装置包围着至少一个空间，一个材料体被导入所述至少一个空间中，所述材料体至少包括具有海绵状结构的生物相容性材料颗粒，优选为与将被安置所述假体的所述骨相容的生物材料，所述压缩装置被布置成在所述假体的固定元件例如轴杆的至少一部分的周围压缩所述材料体。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述材料体被制备成包括至少两种不同类型的颗粒，所述至少两种颗粒至少在硬度和/或尺寸上彼此不同。
15.至少包括生物相容性的海绵状材料颗粒的材料体的应用，所述颗粒由钛或钛混合物制成，并且优选经过化学处理以获得预期孔隙度，所述材料体优选应用于权利要求1至9中任一所述的组件、权利要求10所述的假体或权利要求11至14中任一所述的方法中。
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