CN1664603A - Current density distribution measuring shim inside fuel cells - Google Patents
Current density distribution measuring shim inside fuel cells Download PDFInfo
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- CN1664603A CN1664603A CN2005100418719A CN200510041871A CN1664603A CN 1664603 A CN1664603 A CN 1664603A CN 2005100418719 A CN2005100418719 A CN 2005100418719A CN 200510041871 A CN200510041871 A CN 200510041871A CN 1664603 A CN1664603 A CN 1664603A
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- density distribution
- exchange membrane
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006424 Flood reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The present invention discloses a current density distribution measuring shim, which belongs to current density distribution measuring device in proton exchange membrane fuel battery and has chip. Chip has several leaks, bars are set between adjacent leaks, the whole surface of bar has coppering layer, coppering layer extent to the verge of shim, gold plating layer is plated on coppering layer and binding post is set on every terminal of coating. Leaks and bars set on chip and those set on flow field board of proton exchange membrane fuel battery have the same geometric sizes and figures and their positions are corresponding. Chip is a piece of insulating slice with the thickness of 0.1-0.5 mm. The sickness of coppering layer is 10-40 mum while gold plating layer is1-10 mum.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fuel cell internal current Density Distribution measurement mechanism, relate to the measurement of fuel cell current Density Distribution, is the measurement of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells internal current Density Distribution, and particularly a kind of distribution of current is measured pad.
Prior art
Existing electric current distribution measuring technology all needs the change to the own structure of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (mainly being electrode).Therefore need introduce the composition structure of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: cathode flow field plate, anode flow field board, pad and MEA film.Wherein be carved with flow field (be meant on two flow-field plate and be carved with air channel, between groove and groove, form muscle) on cathode flow field plate and the anode flow field board.The MEA film comprises a layer proton exchange membrane, two catalyst layers and two-layer diffusion layer (carbon paper or carbon cloth are made).The performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and the content of its internal moisture, battery temperature and reacting gas content are closely bound up.The distribution of measuring its internal current density can be predicted the battery membranes dehydration, electrode floods and the distribution of reacting gas.
Measurement to electric current distribution in the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells has following several technology in the world:
People such as Wieser have invented a kind of magnet ring group of methods and have measured Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells electric current distribution (Ch.Wieser, A.Helmbold and E.GueLzow, A new technique fortwo-dimensional current distribution measurements in electrochemical cells, Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 30 (2000): 803-807), this technology produces the size that magnetic field effect is measured current density indirectly by electric current around self.This technology is that the as a whole flow-field plate of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells script is transformed into three-decker: bottom one deck is a monoblock flow-field plate, plays the effect of electric current collection; Topmost one deck is the flow-field plate that has runner, and flow-field plate is divided into the little flow-field plate of several mutually insulateds, and each rill face after the match has an outstanding cylinder axis, and the cylinder axis bottom contacts with undermost flow-field plate and plays the effect of conduction current; Middle one deck is exactly one group of testing current sensor, each testing current sensor places the Hall element of opening part to form by the annular soft magnetic ferrite of an opening and one, the testing current sensor of annular just is enclosed within on the outstanding cylinder axis of little flow-field plate, and just fill to play sealing and insulating effect with the insulating material cast gap that stays.The assembling of the miscellaneous part of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is with common similar, when fuel cell operation is externally powered, just there is electric current to flow through cylinder axis arrival flow-field plate and enters external circuit by the little flow-field plate of cutting apart, and when the lower end cylinder axis of electric current by little flow-field plate, around cylinder axis, will produce magnetic field, the magnetic field intensity of certain position is directly proportional with current value, is inversely proportional to the distance axis radius centered; For the definite Hall element that places annular soft magnetic bodies opening part in position, its distance axis radius centered is certain, therefore magnetic field intensity herein just is directly proportional with electric current by cylinder axis and concerns one to one, and Hall element can be converted into voltage signal to magnetic field intensity, just can inverse go out current value by magnitude of voltage, i.e. size of current by the little flow-field plate cut apart by cylinder axis; By measuring the voltage signal of the current sensor output on the diverse location, just can draw in difference and cut apart size of current on the flow-field plate, promptly can think the distribution of current that has obtained Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells inside.
Utilize magnet ring group law technology can measure the distribution of electric current at the inner diverse location of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, but this method is quite complicated, uses inconvenience, difficulty of processing is very big, and the cost of manufacture height.Simultaneously this Technology Need changes the original structure of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.The spatial resolution of this technology is lower in addition.
People such as Cleghorn have invented a kind of printed circuit board process and have measured the electric current distribution of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (S.J.C.Cleghorn, C.R.Derouin, M.S.Wilson, S.Gottesfeld, Aprinted circuit board approach to measuring current distribution in a fuel cell, Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 28 (1998) 663-672).This technology is that anode flow field board, anode diffusion layer and anode catalyst layer are all cut apart, and tests the size of current on each block then.At first the thin copper billet insulated from each other of preparation required number and size on printed circuit board (PCB) is gold-plated on copper billet, then at the surface working gas flow of copper billet; On the printed circuit board (PCB) of the lower surface of each copper billet two leads that link to each other with copper billet are arranged, be used for deriving voltage signal and current signal respectively, this part constitutes flow-field plate/flow-field plate of cutting apart together.Second part is cutting apart of diffusion layer (carbon paper), on the Silicon-On-Insulator gasket seal, cut out and cut apart the flow field quantity space suitable with size, and the carbon paper of in each lattice, packing into, corresponding one by one with flow-field plate/flow-field plate of cutting apart, thus the cutting apart of formation diffusion layer.Third part is cutting apart of anode catalyst layer, with etching method the anode catalyst layer that makes is divided into and the part of cutting apart flow field quantity and the corresponding mutually insulated of size earlier; Method by hot pressing is prepared into membrane electrode (MEA) with PEM and cathode catalyst layer again.The anode flow field board of cutting apart, the anode diffusion layer of cutting apart, the membrane electrode of cutting apart anode catalyst layer are assembled into a monocell with undivided cathode diffusion layer, catalyst layer, just can test out size of current on different blocks by corresponding testing apparatus.
This technology of people such as Cleghorn exploitation also comes with some shortcomings: preparation technology is too complicated, and copper billet is fixed on the printed circuit board base board, and processing flow field difficulty is very big on copper billet then, needs special precise machining equipment; The antianode catalyst layer cut apart also more complicated, and cut apart catalyst layer earlier and again its hot pressing caused possibly performance under the situation of cutting apart, different as diffusion of gas etc. with undivided situation.Skill method complex structure uses inconvenience in addition, and the cost of manufacture height needs to change the original structure of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.
People such as Zhixiang Liu have used sub-battery method to measure electric current distribution (the Zhixiang Liu of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, Zongqiang Mao, Bing Wu, Lisheng Wang, Volkmar M.Schmidt, Current density distribution in PEFC, Journal of Power Sources, 141 (2005): 205-210).This technology has used a thick copper coin of 20mm as base plate, has bored the manhole of 12 certain sizes on the copper coin certain position, then corresponding copper coin pin is filled in the stepped hole, and utilizes insulation spacer to make maintenance insulation between copper coin pin and the copper soleplate.To fill out the copper soleplate surface rubbing of copper coin pin, processing gas runner has in its surface so just been made the anode flow field board that utilizes sub-battery method then.Then be coated with determine on the anode carbon paper of catalyzer 12 with the corresponding disk of copper coin pin, anode diffusion layer and catalyst layer as sub-battery, cut out the disk of cutting out smaller a little again, then disk is put back to its position original on the anode carbon paper, last and PEM is in the same place with the negative electrode carbon paper hot pressing that is coated with catalyzer, makes the MEA that anode-side is split into sub-battery.MEA is assembled into monocell with having anode flow field board and the undivided cathode flow field plate that sub-battery cuts apart, can carries out the dependence test of electric current distribution.
The shortcoming of this technology is: complex manufacturing technology; Difficulty of processing is big; The cost of manufacture height; Use inconvenient; Measurement mechanism can not be independent of original Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.
People such as Noponen have adopted to be cut apart the runner method and studies distribution of current density situation (MattiNoponen, Tuomas Mennola, Mikko Mikkola, Tero Hottinen, Peter Lund, Measurement of current distribution in a free-breathing PEMFC Journal of PowerSources 106 (2002) 304-312).This technology is to adopt the PVC plastics as the flow field substrate, on the PVC frosting, carve 12 grooves, in every groove, insert 4 long 12mm, wide and thick all be the gold-plated stainless steel strip collected current of 1mm, in each groove between end to end two current collection stainless steel strips at a distance of 0.7mm, play the mutually insulated effect, the spacing of adjacent trenches is 3mm, form runner, so the current collection stainless steel strip of adjacent trenches insulate also.All be connected with lead with derived current at the back side of every current collection stainless steel strip, and pick out by the hole in the PVC cutting; Every current collection stainless steel strip back also has two height set screw to make divided collector strip for electric current keep smooth with the height of regulating the current collection stainless steel strip.So just formed the flow-field plate that runner is cut apart, when fuel cell is assembled, deformed, also adopted aluminium sheet that it is reinforced in order to prevent the PVC plastics.
Runner law technology measurement distribution of current density is cut apart in employing, and its shortcoming is also arranged: difficulty of processing is big; Use complexity, inconvenience; Collaborate mutually between runner; Can not be independent of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells body.
From as can be seen above-mentioned, the shortcoming of these Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells electric current distribution measuring methods has:
1) cost of manufacture height, difficulty of processing is big;
2) electrode of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is transformed;
3) for measuring a kind of special Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells of the special manufacturing of distribution of current;
4) use inconvenience;
5) measurement component is not a device that is independent of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells;
6) electric current distribution of measuring can not compare with the electric current distribution of common Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells of the same type.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of current density distribution measuring shim inside fuel cells, it is a kind of simple in structure, low-cost, easily processing, easy to use, the electric current distribution measurement mechanism that need not the original structure of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is carried out any transformation.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that current density distribution measuring shim inside fuel cells, comprise substrate, substrate is provided with several cracks, be provided with muscle between the adjacent crack, be coated with copper plate on whole of muscle, copper plate extends to the edge of substrate, plates Gold plated Layer on the copper plate again, and the end of coating is provided with connection terminal.
Groove on the substrate on the flow-field plate of set crack and muscle and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells to be measured is identical with physical dimension, the geometric configuration of muscle, and the position is corresponding.
Substrate is a kind of heat insulating lamella, and the thickness of substrate is 0.1-0.5mm.
The thickness 10-40 μ m of copper plate is arranged, and the thickness of Gold plated Layer is 1-10 μ m.
The present invention is owing to use the substrate of an insulation, and flow-field plate and MEA film that substrate will link to each other are originally isolated, and make the two insulation.
Substrate is provided with crack and the muscle the same with flow field on the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells flow-field plate, because the width and the length of groove are the same on the width of crack and length and the flow-field plate, after substrate installs, crack and groove correspondence, reacting gas can spread in the MEA film by crack.Saved on the little flow-field plate of cutting apart and processed the flow field.
Copper plate and Gold plated Layer are arranged on the muscle of substrate, and coating substitutes the muscle collected current on the flow-field plate.Avoided prior art that the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells flow-field plate is divided into many fritters or cut apart the flow field on the flow-field plate or complicated technology and high costs such as sub-battery are set on flow-field plate.
End at coating is provided with connection terminal, the conduct current external circuit of this coating being collected by connection terminal.Avoided many apertures of on the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells flow-field plate, opening of prior art to come derived current.
Adopt electric current distribution measuring technique of the present invention to measure the distribution of current of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: can make the device of measuring electric current distribution be independent of measured Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells; Current density distribution measuring shim inside fuel cells structure of the present invention is very simple, reduces difficulty of processing and processing cost greatly; Simultaneously also make the electric current distribution measurement become very convenient.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the current density distribution measuring shim inside fuel cells schematic front view;
Fig. 2 is the current density distribution measuring shim inside fuel cells sectional view;
Fig. 3 is current density distribution measuring shim inside fuel cells and fuel cell wiring layout;
Fig. 4 is local performance characteristic, and wherein, horizontal ordinate is represented electric current, and ordinate is represented voltage;
Fig. 5 is each regional area electric current distribution under the different voltages; Wherein, horizontal ordinate is represented the regional area numbering, and ordinate is represented electric current;
Fig. 6 is a voltage when being 0.3V, each regional area electric current distribution under the different humidification temperatures, and wherein, horizontal ordinate is represented the regional area numbering, ordinate is represented electric current.
Embodiment
Accompanying drawing is specific embodiments of the invention;
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing content of the present invention is described in further detail:
With reference to Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2, the present invention includes substrate 1, substrate 1 is provided with several cracks 5, between adjacent crack 5, be provided with muscle 2, on whole of muscle 2, be coated with copper plate 3, copper plate 3 extends to the edge of substrate 1, simultaneously plates Gold plated Layer 4 again on whole of copper plate 3, is provided with connection terminal 6 at the end of coating.
With reference to shown in Figure 3, current density distribution measuring shim inside fuel cells is installed between Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells flow-field plate 7 and the MEA film, the muscle 2 and the muscle 8 on the flow-field plate 7 of current density distribution measuring shim inside fuel cells overlap fully, and copper plate 3 on the current density distribution measuring shim inside fuel cells and Gold plated Layer 4 are towards the gas diffusion layers 9 of MEA film.The 10th, catalyst layer, the 11st, PEM, the 12nd, the another one electrode of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.The 13rd, the gas passage on the flow-field plate, i.e. groove.
The basic parameter of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells saw Table one during electric current distribution was measured and implemented.
The basic parameter of table one Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
The effective active area, cm 2The thickness of PEM, the width of mm gas passage, the number of muscle on the mm flow-field plate, bar gas passage total length, mm | ?16 ?0.053 ?0.75 ?23 ?1000 | The thickness of catalyst layer, the thickness of mm diffusion layer, the degree of depth of mm gas passage, the width of muscle on the mm flow-field plate, the mm catalyst loading, mg/cm 2 | ?0.0129 ?0.275 ?1.0 ?0.92 ?0.4 |
Because the groove 13 on the muscle 2 on the current density distribution measuring shim inside fuel cells and crack 5 and the flow-field plate 7 is the same with the size and the position of muscle 8, therefore as can be known according to the parameter of table one, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is measured pad by electric current distribution and is divided into and muscle number of areas as many, electric current on each zone is collected by the Gold plated Layer 4 and the copper plate 3 on muscle surface on the current density distribution measuring shim inside fuel cells of correspondence, and output on hyperchannel continuous current/constant voltage tester by the connection terminal 6 of each bar Gold plated Layer 4 and copper plate 3 ends, collect and storing measurement data by control computer.Obtain the volt-ampere characteristic on each regional area.Owing to be difficult on the same figure all family curves expressed, therefore when describing volt-ampere curve, only select volt-ampere curve on some representative areas on the figure for use.The inlet of fuel cell regional area 1 corresponding reacting gas, the corresponding reaction gas outlet of maximum numbering in the present embodiment.
When the operation of fuel cells of current density distribution measuring shim inside fuel cells was not installed, the electric current that generates on the MEA film was collected by the muscle on the flow-field plate, carried to external circuit through flow-field plate then.After clamping current density distribution measuring shim inside fuel cells between a certain flow-field plate and the MEA film, substrate 1 is isolated MEA film and flow-field plate, the muscle 8 that Gold plated Layer 4 that contacts with the MEA film on the muscle 2 of substrate 1 and copper plate 3 replace on the flow-field plate, collected current.Because Gold plated Layer 4 and copper plate 3 on the current density distribution measuring shim inside fuel cells on any two muscle 2 all insulate, the electric current of collecting on each coating links to each other with hyperchannel continuous current/constant voltage tester by connection terminal 6, forms a little local current loop.
With reference to shown in Figure 4, be the local performance characteristic of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.The known conditions of experiment is: the humidification temperature of anode hydrogen gas is 323.15K, the humidification temperature of cathode air is 323.15K, and the heating-up temperature of fuel cell is 343.15K, and the back pressure of battery is 0.1MPa, hydrogen flowing quantity is 150sccm, and the flow of air is 200sccm.Show among the figure that the local performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells progressively improves, and is best in the 14th zone from the reaction gas inlet to the outlet, begin subsequently to descend.
With reference to shown in Figure 5, be that Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells local current densities under different voltages distributes, experiment condition is the same with Fig. 4.As can be seen, from 23 zones, the 1st zone to the, local current is ascending, then from large to small among the figure; A current peak has appearred at middle regional area; Along with diminishing of voltage, the trend that the oriented reaction gas outlet direction of current peak moves.
With reference to shown in Figure 6, be under the different humidification temperature conditions, when voltage is 0.3V, the distribution of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells local current densities.The experiment known conditions be: the negative electrode of battery is identical with the humidification temperature of anode, and the heating-up temperature of battery is 343.15K, two electrodes of battery back pressure be 0.1MPa, the flow of hydrogen is 150sccm, the flow of air is sccm, the voltage 0.3V of battery.Show among the figure, when the humidification temperature of anode and negative electrode is 313.15K, in reaction gas outlet place electric current maximum; When anode and negative electrode humidification temperature are 353.15K, the electric current maximum at the reaction gas inlet place; Along with the humidification temperature rising of anode and negative electrode, the distribution of current peak value moves to the porch from reaction gas outlet.
During test current density distribution measuring shim inside fuel cells is installed between the flow-field plate 7 and MEA of any one electrode of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, gilding 4 towards MEA films, the back side of substrate 1 (both insulating surfaces) is towards flow-field plate.Clamp the preceding Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells of current density distribution measuring shim inside fuel cells and come collected current, by graphite cake and the output of terminal metal clamping plate by the muscle on the graphite flow field plates.After clamping current density distribution measuring shim inside fuel cells, the electric current in the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is collected by copper plate on the current density distribution measuring shim inside fuel cells 3 and Gold plated Layer 4, and by connection terminal 6 outputs.
The present invention measures distribution of current by clamp a very thin current density distribution measuring shim inside fuel cells between any one flow-field plate 7 of fuel battery proton exchange film and MEA film.This measuring technique breaks away from electric current distribution measurement mechanism and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells fully and comes, and need not the structure of original Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is done any change; Thereby use very convenient; And this current density distribution measuring shim inside fuel cells is simple in structure, handling ease, cost of manufacture are very low.
Claims (4)
1, current density distribution measuring shim inside fuel cells, comprise substrate (1), it is characterized in that, substrate (1) is provided with several cracks (5), be provided with muscle (2) between the adjacent crack (5), be coated with copper plate (3) on whole of muscle (2), copper plate (3) extends to the edge of substrate (1), plate Gold plated Layer (4) on whole of copper plate (3) again, the end of copper plate (3) and Gold plated Layer (4) is provided with connection terminal (6).
2, current density distribution measuring shim inside fuel cells according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, physical dimension, geometric configuration that substrate (1) is gone up groove (13) on the flow-field plate (7) of set crack (5) and muscle (2) and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells to be measured and muscle (8) are identical, and the position is corresponding.
3, current density distribution measuring shim inside fuel cells according to claim 1 is characterized in that, substrate (1) is a kind of heat insulating lamella, and the thickness of substrate (1) is 0.1-0.5mm.
4, current density distribution measuring shim inside fuel cells according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the thickness of copper plate (3) is 10-40 μ m, and the thickness of Gold plated Layer (4) is 1-10 μ m.
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JP4048097B2 (en) * | 2002-10-28 | 2008-02-13 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Fuel cell current density measurement device |
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