CN112186226B - Fuel cell monomer gas deficiency diagnosis method - Google Patents
Fuel cell monomer gas deficiency diagnosis method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112186226B CN112186226B CN202011020111.0A CN202011020111A CN112186226B CN 112186226 B CN112186226 B CN 112186226B CN 202011020111 A CN202011020111 A CN 202011020111A CN 112186226 B CN112186226 B CN 112186226B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04305—Modeling, demonstration models of fuel cells, e.g. for training purposes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fuel cell monomer gas deficiency diagnosis method, which comprises the following steps: 1) defining a critical condition for judging whether the air shortage occurs or not and a critical condition for judging whether the serious air shortage occurs or not, and carrying out field calibration; 2) collecting the partition average current density of the cathode side of the fuel cell in the outlet flow passage area S2 and the inlet flow passage area S1 of the oxygen flow passage in real time; 3) calculating to obtain a difference coefficient alpha; 4) and respectively comparing the difference coefficient alpha with the critical condition for judging whether the gas shortage occurs and the critical condition for judging whether the serious gas shortage occurs, completing diagnosis and giving an early warning. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the current density of the area corresponding to the oxygen inlet/outlet flow channel of the single fuel cell is monitored on line through the printed circuit board testing technology, the fuel cell is diagnosed in real time for gas shortage, the diagnosis cost is reduced, the gas shortage in the outlet area can be diagnosed before the catalytic layer is degraded due to the gas shortage, and the corrosion of the carbon carrier and the loss of the catalyst are avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cell diagnosis, in particular to a fuel cell monomer gas deficiency diagnosis method.
Background
With the increasing energy crisis and environmental protection problems, countries around the world, and major automobile factories and parts suppliers are all engaged in the research and development and popularization of new energy automobiles, and pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles are rapidly developed. The fuel cell automobile has the advantages of rapid energy supplement, long endurance, cleanness, high efficiency and the like, and the development prospect of the fuel cell automobile is widely determined.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) have the advantages of zero emission, no pollution, high efficiency, low working temperature and the like, and can be used as a power source of Fuel Cell automobiles, the service life of the PEMFC as a fixed energy source can reach 30000 hours, the service life of the PEMFC as a power source for automobiles can only reach 2500 plus 3000 hours, and the service life problem of the Fuel Cell severely restricts the large-scale commercialization of the Fuel Cell automobiles.
The operating conditions of vehicles are complex and changeable, the problems of insufficient supply of reaction gas and uneven distribution of gas in the fuel cell caused by the insufficient supply of the reaction gas are one of the important reasons for the service life attenuation of the fuel cell, and the gas shortage phenomenon is mainly caused by the operating conditions, structural parameters, large-amplitude variable load and the like, so that the corrosion of a carbon carrier and the loss of a catalyst can be caused, the service life and the performance of the fuel cell are seriously degraded, and the gas shortage phenomenon of the fuel cell needs to be avoided as much as possible in the structural design, the operating condition selection and the control strategy making of the fuel cell.
At present, the fuel cell gas deficiency diagnosis is mainly carried out by detecting the voltage of the cell, the flow rate of gas at an outlet and the current change or recording and analyzing the noise generated when the fuel cell operates, and neutron imaging, gas chromatography, X-ray capture and infrared capture methods can also be used, but the adopted equipment of the detection method is complex and the diagnosis cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a method for diagnosing a fuel cell under-gas condition, which overcomes the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a fuel cell gas deficiency diagnosis method includes the following steps:
1) defining a critical condition for judging whether the air shortage occurs or not and a critical condition for judging whether the serious air shortage occurs or not, and carrying out field calibration;
2) collecting the partition average current density of the cathode side of the fuel cell in the outlet flow passage area S2 and the inlet flow passage area S1 of the oxygen flow passage in real time;
3) calculating to obtain a difference coefficient alpha;
4) and respectively comparing the difference coefficient alpha with the critical condition for judging whether the gas shortage occurs and the critical condition for judging whether the serious gas shortage occurs, completing diagnosis and giving an early warning.
In the step 1), the difference coefficient alpha is set to be 2 under the working condition of cathode excess coefficient2As a critical condition for determining whether or not a short breath has occurred.
In the step 1), the difference coefficient alpha is determined under the working condition that the cathode excess coefficient is 1.51.5As a critical condition for determining whether a severe short of breath has occurred.
In the step 2), the end face of the cathode graphite plate of the fuel cell is subjected to ditching and zoning to manufacture a PCB, and the PCB is arranged between the graphite plate and the current collecting plate to acquire the zoning average current density S2 of the outlet flow channel region S2 of the oxygen flow channel of the cathode graphite plate and the zoning average current density S1 of the inlet flow channel region S1 of the oxygen flow channel in real time.
In the step 3), the calculation formula of the difference coefficient α is:
in the step 4), when the difference coefficient alpha obtained on line is larger than alpha2Returning to the step 2) to continue collecting the average current density of the subareas, and when the difference coefficient alpha is smaller than alpha2And is greater than alpha1.5When the difference coefficient alpha is less than alpha, the fuel cell is judged to have the tendency of preliminary gas shortage1.5If so, severe gas deficiency is determined to occur.
In the step 2), the specific steps of dividing the end face of the graphite plate into the ditching grooves are as follows:
201) processing a channel on the back of a graphite plate of the fuel cell corresponding to an inlet and outlet area of a flow channel, wherein the width of the channel is 1mm, and the depth of the channel is 3 mm;
202) filling epoxy resin in the slotted region, and placing a plastic film on the surface of the graphite plate during filling so as to prevent the surface of the graphite from being polluted;
203) after the filling is compact, the graphite plate is placed in a room temperature environment for curing for 24 hours, and the back of the graphite plate except for the corresponding areas of other runners is completely milled for 2mm after the graphite plate is completely hardened.
In the step 2), the manufacturing of the PCB specifically comprises the following steps:
the thickness of the PCB is 2mm, front and back wiring is adopted, the tin-plated copper sheets are respectively arranged in the S1 area and the S2 area in the front and back directions, the two copper sheets are connected through a connecting terminal through a 0.1 omega resistor, and the current collecting wire leads out the currents in the S1 area and the S2 area through the connecting terminal.
In order to avoid the current of the PCB from blowing the copper wire, when the PCB is wired, the copper thickness is 0.07mm, and the wiring is 1.5 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention monitors the current density of the corresponding area of the single inlet and outlet flow channel of the fuel cell on line by using the printed circuit board testing technology (PCB), avoids using a complex and precise sensor to achieve the purpose of diagnosing the fuel cell under-gas in real time, reduces the diagnosis cost, has real-time performance compared with the existing under-gas diagnosis mode, can diagnose the out-outlet area under-gas before the degradation of the catalyst layer caused by the under-gas occurs, and avoids the corrosion of the carbon carrier and the loss of the catalyst.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a fuel cell cathode graphite plate with grooves on its end face.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cathode graphite plate after grooving, filling and curing.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a PCB structure.
FIG. 4 shows the currents of the sub-sections S1 and S2 corresponding to different excess coefficients under the condition that the fuel cell unit is simulated by FLUENT under the constant voltage 0.6V condition.
Fig. 5 is a detailed flowchart of the air deficiency diagnosis.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing the time-dependent change of the cathode excess coefficient at the first 5 seconds and the cathode excess coefficient at the 5 th seconds to 1, the current densities and the difference coefficients of S1 and S2 by FLUENT dynamic simulation in the constant voltage mode of 0.6 v.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
The invention divides the groove on the back of the graphite plate of the single fuel cell into regions, collects the current of the fuel cell in regions by using the test technology of the printed circuit board, judges whether the fuel cell is in short of air or not by collecting the current density of the regions corresponding to the inlet and the outlet of the flow passage in real time, and provides a method for on-line fault diagnosis of the fuel cell.
The invention provides a detection method for on-line monitoring of fuel cell gas deficiency, which selects the current difference of the areas corresponding to the inlet and outlet flow passages as an evaluation index to diagnose whether the fuel cell has the gas deficiency phenomenon, is convenient for operators to adjust the operation conditions of the fuel cell in time, prevents the catalyst from being corroded due to long-time gas deficiency, and the like, and specifically comprises the following contents:
1. graphite plate partition
Fuel cell cathodes typically use air, oxygen transport is much slower than hydrogen, and the mass transport limit due to oxygen transport is typically much more severe than hydrogen, so fuel cells typically experience "oxygen starvation" on the cathode side. Meanwhile, due to the consumption of reaction gas accompanying the convection of the reaction gas in the flow channels and the diffusion process in the gas diffusion layer, the gas concentration is generally low in the downstream area of the flow channels, and the starvation phenomenon occurs first. In the process of conveying gas in the serpentine flow channel, the pressure drop (the position of a left-drawing square frame in the figure 1) at the corner is mainly lost, and meanwhile, the processing is convenient (the direct milling cutter is used for milling and the operation is convenient), so that the current density of the corresponding area of the inlet and outlet flow channel of the fuel cell is convenient to collect in real time, and as shown in the figure 1, the end face of the cathode graphite plate of the fuel cell is divided into ditches.
The specific partitioning steps are as follows:
(1) processing a channel on the back of the area of the fuel cell corresponding to the inlet and the outlet of the flow channel, wherein the width of the channel is 1mm, and the depth of the channel is 3 mm;
(2) epoxy resin is filled in the slotted region, and a plastic film is placed on the surface of the graphite plate during filling, so that the surface of the graphite is prevented from being polluted;
(3) after the filling is compact, the graphite plate is placed in a room temperature environment for curing for 24h, and the back surface of the graphite plate except for the 'other flow channel regions' shown in fig. 1 is completely milled for 2mm after the graphite plate is completely hardened, and finally, the graphite plate is shown in fig. 2.
2. Manufacturing PCB
The thickness of the PCB is 2mm, front and back wiring is adopted, tin-plated copper sheets are arranged on the front and back of the S1 and S2 areas, the two copper sheets are connected through a connecting terminal through a 0.1 omega resistor, a current collecting wire leads out currents in the S1 and S2 areas through the connecting terminal, and the specific wiring method is shown in figure 3. In order to ensure that the copper wire is not blown by current, 2OZ (0.07mm) is adopted for copper thickness during PCB wiring, and the wiring is 1.5 mm. In fig. 3, the dotted line is completely hollowed out, and the PCB is placed between the graphite plate and the current collecting plate.
3. Default diagnosis
The invention simulates the currents of the S1 and S2 partitions corresponding to different excess coefficients under the working condition that the fuel cell monomer has a constant voltage of 0.6V through FLUENT, and the currents are shown by dotted lines in figure 4.
Because the reaction gas is continuously consumed in the catalyst layer while the reaction gas generates convection in the flow channel and diffuses in the gas diffusion layer, the concentration of the reaction gas in the flow channel area corresponding to the inlet and the outlet is always different, and the corresponding zone current is always different, but under the condition of sufficient reaction gas, the difference value is smaller, in an acceptable range, the inventor proves that the gas shortage of the fuel cell firstly occurs near the ridge at the outlet, when the gas shortage occurs in the area, the corresponding zone current is rapidly reduced, and the difference of the zone current corresponding to the area and the inlet area is increased, the difference coefficient alpha is defined in the invention:
where s1 is the average current density of partition 1 and s2 is the average current density of partition 2.
The trend of the difference coefficient α with respect to the cathode excess coefficient is shown by the solid line in fig. 4, and it can be seen that the difference coefficient between S1 and S2 hardly changes any more after the cathode excess coefficient is more than 2 and the supply amount of air is further increased.
Under the normal condition, when experimenters carry out experiments, the cathode excess coefficient is 2, and the anode excess coefficient is 1.5, based on the reason, the invention provides that the cathode excess coefficient is taken as the difference coefficient alpha under the working condition of 22When the measured difference coefficients of S1 and S2 are larger than the critical condition for judging whether the air shortage occurs, the experimental personnel are reminded that the fuel cell has the tendency of preliminary air shortage, and meanwhile, the difference coefficient alpha of the working condition is corresponding to the cathode excess coefficient of 1.51.5As a condition for judging occurrence of severe gas shortage, when the measured difference coefficients of S1 and S2 are greater than the value, the experimenter is reminded to stop the experiment and remove the fault, and the specific flow chart is shown in fig. 5:
example (b):
firstly, the fuel cell is calibrated, and alpha is obtained when the excess coefficient is 220.0538; at an excess factor of 1.5, α1.5＝0.0891。
Next, through FLUENT dynamic simulation, in the constant voltage mode of 0.6v, the cathode excess coefficient was 2 at the first 5 seconds, and at the 5 th second, the cathode excess coefficient was changed to 1, and the current densities and the variation coefficients α of S1 and S2 were changed with time as shown in fig. 6:
finally, it can be seen through data processing that the difference coefficient α is 0.0538 at all times at 0-5 seconds, and after the 5 th second, the difference coefficients of S1 and S2 gradually increase and start to be larger than α2Diagnosing that the fuel cell has a tendency of preliminary short-of-air; at 5.85 seconds, the coefficient of difference between S1 and S2 begins to be greater than α1.5The example proves that the method has real-time performance and accuracy for diagnosing the gas shortage of the fuel cell.
Claims (7)
1. A fuel cell gas deficiency diagnosis method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) defining a critical condition for judging whether the air shortage occurs or not and a critical condition for judging whether the serious air shortage occurs or not, and carrying out field calibration;
2) collecting the partition average current density of the cathode side of the fuel cell in the outlet flow channel region (S2) and the inlet flow channel region (S1) of the oxygen flow channel in real time, dividing the end face of the cathode graphite plate of the fuel cell into grooves and partitions, manufacturing a PCB (printed circuit board), and collecting the partition average current density S2 of the outlet flow channel region (S2) of the oxygen flow channel of the cathode graphite plate and the partition average current density S1 of the inlet flow channel region (S1) of the oxygen flow channel in real time by arranging the PCB between the graphite plate and a current collecting plate;
3) calculating to obtain a difference coefficient alpha, wherein the calculation formula of the difference coefficient alpha is as follows:
4) and respectively comparing the difference coefficient alpha with the critical condition for judging whether the gas shortage occurs and the critical condition for judging whether the serious gas shortage occurs, completing diagnosis and giving an early warning.
2. The fuel cell gas deficiency diagnosis method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the cathode excess coefficient is taken as the difference coefficient α under the condition of 2 working conditions2As a critical condition for determining whether or not a short breath has occurred.
3. The fuel cell gas deficiency diagnosis method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the cathode excess coefficient is set to be 1.5, and the difference coefficient α is used as the difference coefficient1.5As a critical condition for determining whether a severe short of breath has occurred.
4. The fuel cell gas deficiency diagnosis method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), when the difference coefficient α obtained on-line is larger than α2Returning to the step 2) to continue collecting the average current density of the subareas, and when the difference coefficient alpha is smaller than alpha2And is greater than alpha1.5When the difference coefficient alpha is less than alpha, the fuel cell is judged to have the tendency of preliminary gas shortage1.5If so, severe gas deficiency is determined to occur.
5. The fuel cell gas deficiency diagnosis method according to claim 1, wherein the step 2) of dividing the end face of the graphite plate into grooves comprises the following specific steps:
201) processing a channel on the back of a graphite plate of the fuel cell corresponding to an inlet and outlet area of a flow channel, wherein the width of the channel is 1mm, and the depth of the channel is 3 mm;
202) filling epoxy resin in the slotted region, and placing a plastic film on the surface of the graphite plate during filling so as to prevent the surface of the graphite from being polluted;
203) after the filling is compact, the graphite plate is placed in a room temperature environment for curing for 24 hours, and the back of the graphite plate except for the corresponding areas of other runners is completely milled for 2mm after the graphite plate is completely hardened.
6. The fuel cell gas deficiency diagnosis method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the manufacturing of the PCB specifically comprises:
the thickness of the PCB is 2mm, front and back wiring is adopted, the tin-plated copper sheets are respectively arranged on the front and back of the inlet flow passage area (S1) and the outlet flow passage area (S2), the two copper sheets are connected through a connecting terminal through a 0.1 omega resistor, and the current collecting line leads out the current of the inlet flow passage area (S1) and the current of the outlet flow passage area (S2) through the connecting terminal.
7. The fuel cell gassing-failure diagnosis method of claim 6 wherein, to avoid the current of the PCB from blowing the copper wire, the thickness of the copper wire is 0.07mm and the thickness of the copper wire is 1.5mm when the PCB is wired.
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| CN115579495B (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2023-08-04 | 同济大学 | Fuel cell load changing method, electronic equipment and medium |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007075173A1 (en) * | 2005-12-29 | 2007-07-05 | Utc Power Corporation | Circulation of gas-entrained fuel cell coolant |
| CN108172870A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-15 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | It is a kind of for the deficency detection device of fuel cell and deficency detection method |
| CN109585884A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-04-05 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of online method for excluding fuel cell deficency and water logging |
| CN110190306A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-08-30 | 昆山知氢信息科技有限公司 | A kind of on-line fault diagnosis method for fuel cell system |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007075173A1 (en) * | 2005-12-29 | 2007-07-05 | Utc Power Corporation | Circulation of gas-entrained fuel cell coolant |
| CN108172870A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-15 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | It is a kind of for the deficency detection device of fuel cell and deficency detection method |
| CN109585884A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-04-05 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of online method for excluding fuel cell deficency and water logging |
| CN110190306A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-08-30 | 昆山知氢信息科技有限公司 | A kind of on-line fault diagnosis method for fuel cell system |
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