CN113791355B - Method and system for quantitatively evaluating fuel cell flow field design quality - Google Patents
Method and system for quantitatively evaluating fuel cell flow field design quality Download PDFInfo
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 208
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006557 surface reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for quantitatively evaluating the design quality of a flow field of a fuel cell. The fuel cell gas distribution quality under different working conditions is evaluated by using the critical statistics parameters of the gas shortage area proportion and the gas concentration distribution, and the working interval which is relatively good in gas shortage and gas concentration distribution and the threshold value of the critical statistics parameters of the reaction gas concentration distribution are found out by analyzing the change rule of the critical statistics parameters of the gas shortage area proportion and the gas concentration distribution along with the change of each working parameter, and the quality of the fuel cell flow design can be quantitatively evaluated by the two groups of parameters, so that the rationality of a flow field structure is effectively verified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell evaluation, in particular to a method and a system for quantitatively evaluating the design quality of a fuel cell flow field.
Background
Along with the serious energy crisis and environmental pollution problems, the development and popularization of new energy automobiles are focused on all countries, all major automobile factories and part suppliers in the world, and the development of pure electric automobiles, hybrid electric automobiles and fuel cell automobiles is rapid. The fuel cell automobile has the advantages of rapid energy supplement, long endurance mileage, cleanness, high efficiency and the like, and the development prospect is widely confirmed.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, PEMFC) has the advantages of zero emission, no pollution, high efficiency, low working temperature and the like, and is used as a fuel cell automobile power source. The service life of the PEMFC can reach 30000 hours when being used as a fixed energy source, but the service life of the PEMFC is only 2500-3000 hours when being used as a power source for a vehicle, and the problem of the service life of the fuel cell severely restricts the large-scale commercialization of the fuel cell vehicle.
The problem of insufficient supply of the reaction gas and uneven distribution of the internal gas, which are caused by complex and variable vehicle operation conditions, is one of the important causes of the life decay of the fuel cell. The phenomenon of gas deficiency describes the working state of the fuel cell when the stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen or air is less than 1, and is mainly caused by working conditions, structural parameters, great variation load and the like, which can lead to corrosion of a carbon carrier and loss of a catalyst, so that the service life and the performance of the fuel cell are seriously degraded. The occurrence of the gas shortage phenomenon of the fuel cell should be avoided as much as possible in the structural design, the working condition selection and the control strategy formulation of the fuel cell. And the fuel cell performance is seriously affected by the phenomenon of insufficient gas supply or uneven gas distribution in the flow field caused by poor flow field design.
The flow field plate is used as one of the core components of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and the structure directly influences the utilization efficiency of the reaction gas and the drainage and heat dissipation performance of the fuel cell. The good flow field structural design can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of the reaction gas and the distribution quality of the reaction gas, thereby obviously improving the performance of the fuel cell.
Therefore, how to establish a method for quantitatively evaluating the design quality of the flow field of the fuel cell to verify the reasonability of the flow field structure is a technical problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for quantitatively evaluating the design quality of a flow field of a fuel cell to verify the rationality of the flow field structure.
A method for quantitatively evaluating the design quality of a flow field of a fuel cell, comprising the following steps:
Comparing the detection result of the concentration of the reaction gas on the surface of the electrode of the fuel cell under different working conditions with the minimum gas concentration corresponding to the current density under different working conditions, judging whether each point on the surface of the electrode is deficient, counting to obtain the occupied area of a deficiency area, calculating the ratio of the deficiency area to the deficiency area of the whole surface of the electrode, analyzing the change rule of the deficiency area along with the change of each working condition by using a control variable method, and taking the influence of each working condition as one dimension to obtain the working interval of the fuel cell relatively free of deficiency under multiple dimensions;
According to the concentration of the reaction gas of each point on the electrode surface obtained by detecting the fuel cell under different working conditions, calculating the concentration distribution range and variance of the gas on the electrode surface based on a statistical method, analyzing the change rule of the range and variance along with the change of each working condition, and combining the analysis of the working interval relatively free of gas to obtain the threshold value of the concentration distribution range and variance of the reaction gas under specific working conditions;
The advantages and disadvantages of the flow field design are quantitatively evaluated by analyzing the working interval of the fuel cell relative to the lack of gas in the multi-dimension and the threshold value of the concentration distribution range and variance of the reaction gas under the specific working condition.
According to the method for quantitatively evaluating the design quality of the flow field of the fuel cell, which is provided by the invention, the gas shortage degree of the fuel cell is measured by adopting the gas shortage area based on the distribution quality of the reaction gas, the non-uniformity degree of the concentration distribution of the reaction gas is measured by adopting the key statistical parameters (the extreme difference and the variance) of the concentration of the reaction gas on the surface of the electrode, and the gas shortage degree of the fuel cell and the non-uniformity degree of the concentration distribution of the reaction gas are used as evaluation indexes. The fuel cell gas distribution quality under different working conditions is evaluated by using the critical statistics parameters of the gas shortage area proportion and the gas concentration distribution, and the working interval which is relatively good in gas shortage and gas concentration distribution and the threshold value of the critical statistics parameters of the reaction gas concentration distribution are found out by analyzing the change rule of the critical statistics parameters of the gas shortage area proportion and the gas concentration distribution along with the change of each working parameter, and the quality of the fuel cell flow design can be quantitatively evaluated by the two groups of parameters, so that the rationality of a flow field structure is effectively verified. The invention provides guidance for the evaluation of the flow field structure design, is beneficial to the operation of the fuel cell in a proper working range, and has certain significance for improving the performance and the durability of the fuel cell.
In addition, the method for quantitatively evaluating the design quality of the flow field of the fuel cell provided by the invention can also have the following additional technical characteristics:
further, the minimum gas concentration is calculated using the formula:
Wherein j is the fuel cell current density; Is the lowest gas concentration; f is Faraday constant; m represents a single electrochemical reaction transferring m electrons; /(I) Is the thickness of the gas diffusion layer; /(I)Is the effective diffusivity of the gas diffusion layer.
Further, comparing the detection result of the concentration of the reaction gas on the electrode surface of the fuel cell under different working conditions with the lowest gas concentration corresponding to the current density under different working conditions, and judging whether each point on the electrode surface lacks gas specifically comprises the following steps:
Calculating the minimum gas concentration corresponding to the current density under different working conditions, and taking the minimum gas concentration as a basis for judging whether a to-be-measured point on the surface of an electrode lacks gas, wherein the different working conditions at least comprise different current densities, different working pressures, different chemical metering ratios and different relative humidities;
And if the gas concentration of the to-be-measured point is smaller than the minimum gas concentration, judging that the to-be-measured point lacks gas.
Further, the electrode surface gas concentration distribution range and variance were calculated using the following formula:
Wherein R is the concentration distribution of the reaction gas is extremely poor; x max is the maximum value of the concentration of the reaction gas at each point on the surface of the electrode; xmin is the minimum concentration value of the reaction gas at each point on the surface of the electrode; x i is the concentration value of the reaction gas at the ith point of the electrode surface; n is the number of points on the electrode surface; the average value of the concentration of the reaction gas on the surface of the electrode; /(I) Is the reactant gas concentration distribution variance.
Further, the step of quantitatively evaluating the merits of the flow field design by analyzing the threshold of the extremely bad concentration distribution and variance of the reactant gas in the multi-dimensional operation region of the fuel cell relative to the non-shortage operation region and the specific operation condition specifically includes:
If the larger the working interval of the fuel cell relative to the gas shortage under the multi-dimension is, the smaller the threshold value of the concentration distribution range and the variance of the reaction gas under the specific working condition is, the better the flow field structural design is judged.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a system for quantitatively evaluating the design quality of a flow field of a fuel cell to verify the rationality of the flow field structure.
A system for quantitatively evaluating the design quality of a fuel cell flow field, comprising:
the first calculation module is used for comparing the detection result of the concentration of the reaction gas on the surface of the electrode of the fuel cell under different working conditions with the lowest gas concentration corresponding to the current density under different working conditions, judging whether each point on the surface of the electrode is deficient, counting to obtain the occupied area of the deficient area, calculating the ratio of the deficient area and the cloud chart of the deficient area of the whole surface of the electrode, analyzing the change rule of the deficient area along with the change of each working condition by using a control variable method, and taking the influence of each working condition as one dimension to obtain the working interval of the fuel cell relative to the deficiency of gas under multiple dimensions;
the second calculation module is used for calculating the concentration distribution range and variance of the electrode surface gas according to the concentration of the reaction gas of each point on the electrode surface obtained by detecting the fuel cell under different working conditions based on a statistical method, analyzing the change rule of the range and variance along with the change of each working condition, and combining the analysis of the working interval relatively free of gas to obtain the threshold value of the concentration distribution range and variance of the reaction gas under specific working conditions;
And the evaluation module is used for quantitatively evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of the flow field design by analyzing the working interval of the fuel cell which is relatively free from gas shortage under the multi-dimension and the threshold value of the concentration distribution range and the variance of the reaction gas under the specific working condition.
According to the system for quantitatively evaluating the design quality of the flow field of the fuel cell, which is provided by the invention, the gas shortage degree of the fuel cell is measured by adopting the gas shortage area based on the distribution quality of the reaction gas, the non-uniformity degree of the concentration distribution of the reaction gas is measured by adopting the key statistical parameters (the extreme difference and the variance) of the concentration of the reaction gas on the surface of the electrode, and the gas shortage degree of the fuel cell and the non-uniformity degree of the concentration distribution of the reaction gas are used as evaluation indexes. The fuel cell gas distribution quality under different working conditions is evaluated by using the critical statistics parameters of the gas shortage area proportion and the gas concentration distribution, and the working interval which is relatively good in gas shortage and gas concentration distribution and the threshold value of the critical statistics parameters of the reaction gas concentration distribution are found out by analyzing the change rule of the critical statistics parameters of the gas shortage area proportion and the gas concentration distribution along with the change of each working parameter, and the quality of the fuel cell flow design can be quantitatively evaluated by the two groups of parameters, so that the rationality of a flow field structure is effectively verified. The invention provides guidance for the evaluation of the flow field structure design, is beneficial to the operation of the fuel cell in a proper working range, and has certain significance for improving the performance and the durability of the fuel cell.
In addition, the system for quantitatively evaluating the design quality of the flow field of the fuel cell, provided by the invention, can also have the following additional technical characteristics:
further, in the first calculation module, the minimum gas concentration is calculated by the following formula:
Wherein j is the fuel cell current density; Is the lowest gas concentration; f is Faraday constant; m represents a single electrochemical reaction transferring m electrons; /(I) Is the thickness of the gas diffusion layer; /(I)Is the effective diffusivity of the gas diffusion layer.
Further, the first computing module is specifically configured to:
Calculating the minimum gas concentration corresponding to the current density under different working conditions, and taking the minimum gas concentration as a basis for judging whether a to-be-measured point on the surface of an electrode lacks gas, wherein the different working conditions at least comprise different current densities, different working pressures, different chemical metering ratios and different relative humidities;
And if the gas concentration of the to-be-measured point is smaller than the minimum gas concentration, judging that the to-be-measured point lacks gas.
Further, in the second calculation module, the electrode surface gas concentration distribution range and variance are calculated using the following formula:
Wherein R is the concentration distribution of the reaction gas is extremely poor; x max is the maximum value of the concentration of the reaction gas at each point on the surface of the electrode; x min is the minimum concentration of the reaction gas at each point on the surface of the electrode; x i is the concentration value of the reaction gas at the ith point of the electrode surface; n is the number of points on the electrode surface; the average value of the concentration of the reaction gas on the surface of the electrode; /(I) Is the reactant gas concentration distribution variance.
Further, the evaluation module is specifically configured to:
If the larger the working interval of the fuel cell relative to the gas shortage under the multi-dimension is, the smaller the threshold value of the concentration distribution range and the variance of the reaction gas under the specific working condition is, the better the flow field structural design is judged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for quantitatively evaluating the design quality of a fuel cell flow field according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of current density versus minimum required cathode oxygen concentration for a fuel cell under various operating conditions;
FIG. 3 is a graph of cathode air-starved area ratios for different current densities;
FIG. 4 is a cloud of different current density cathode air-starved areas;
FIG. 5 is a plot of cathode gas-starved area ratios of different stoichiometries;
FIG. 6 is a cloud of cathode gas-deficient areas of different stoichiometries;
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for quantitatively evaluating the design quality of a flow field of a fuel cell according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The merits of fuel cell flow field design are not generally directly quantitative evaluation, but it has a direct impact on the efficiency of reactant gas utilization and the quality of reactant gas distribution. Therefore, the present invention uses the degree of the gas deficiency of the fuel cell and the degree of the non-uniformity of the concentration distribution of the reactant gas as the evaluation index based on the distribution quality of the reactant gas. Through theoretical deduction and actual result calculation, based on statistical analysis, an evaluation standard of the distribution quality of the fuel cell reaction gas is obtained, and the interval or the numerical value of key parameters is analyzed, so that the quality of the fuel cell flow field design is quantitatively evaluated, and the rationality of the flow field structure is verified.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for quantitatively evaluating the design quality of a flow field of a fuel cell according to a first embodiment of the present invention includes steps S101 to S103.
S101, comparing the detection result of the electrode surface reaction gas concentration of the fuel cell under different working conditions with the lowest gas concentration corresponding to the current density under different working conditions, judging whether each point on the electrode surface is deficient, counting to obtain the occupied area of the deficient area, calculating the ratio of the deficient area and the cloud chart of the deficient area of the whole electrode surface, analyzing the change rule of the deficient area along with the change of each working condition by using a control variable method, and taking the influence of each working condition as one dimension to obtain the working area of the fuel cell relatively free of deficiency under multiple dimensions.
Wherein, the minimum gas concentration is calculated by the following formula:
Wherein j is the current density (unit: A/cm 2) of the fuel cell, namely the ratio of the working current of the fuel cell to the effective area of the fuel cell; Is the lowest gas concentration (i.e., the concentration of the reactant gas at the interface of the flow channel and the gas diffusion layer); f is Faraday constant (96485.3C/mol); m represents a single electrochemical reaction transferring m electrons; /(I) Is the thickness of the Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL); is the effective diffusivity of the gas diffusion layer.
Specifically, comparing the detection result of the concentration of the reaction gas on the surface of the electrode of the fuel cell under different working conditions with the lowest gas concentration corresponding to the current density under different working conditions, and judging whether each point on the surface of the electrode lacks gas or not comprises the following steps:
Calculating the minimum gas concentration corresponding to the current density under different working conditions, and taking the minimum gas concentration as a basis for judging whether a to-be-measured point on the surface of an electrode lacks gas, wherein the different working conditions at least comprise different current densities, different working pressures, different chemical metering ratios and different relative humidities;
And if the gas concentration of the to-be-measured point is smaller than the minimum gas concentration, judging that the to-be-measured point lacks gas.
For example, for a fuel cell, the current density versus minimum required cathode oxygen concentration curve for different operating conditions is shown in FIG. 2, which can be used as a basis for determining whether a point on the surface of the fuel cell electrode is out of gassing.
And then comparing the detection result of the concentration of the electrode surface reaction gas with the minimum gas concentration obtained by the calculation according to the formula under different working conditions (such as different current densities, stoichiometric ratios, working pressures and the like) of the fuel cell, judging whether each point on the electrode surface is deficient, counting to obtain the area occupied by the deficient area, calculating the ratio of the deficient area (the ratio of the deficient area to the total area) of the whole electrode surface and the deficient area cloud picture (the distribution of the deficient area on the whole electrode surface), analyzing the change rule of the deficient area along with the change of each working condition by using a control variable method, taking the influence of each working condition as one dimension, obtaining the working area of the fuel cell which is relatively free from deficiency under multiple dimensions, and finding out the area which is easy to generate deficiency.
S102, calculating the concentration distribution range and variance of the electrode surface gas according to the concentration of the reaction gas of each point on the electrode surface obtained by detecting the fuel cell under different working conditions based on a statistical method, analyzing the change rule of the range and variance along with the change of each working condition, and obtaining the threshold value of the concentration distribution range and variance of the reaction gas under specific working conditions by combining the analysis of the working interval relatively free of gas.
When the fuel cell works, the reactant gas in the downstream area of the flow field is obviously lower than that in the upstream area due to the consumption of the reactant gas; in addition, the ridge area on the polar plate is directly contacted with the gas diffusion layer, so that the reaction gas in the area corresponding to the ridge in the gas diffusion layer can only be laterally diffused by the reaction gas in the area corresponding to the flow channel, and the concentration of the reaction gas on the surface of the electrode in the area corresponding to the ridge is lower than that in the area corresponding to the flow channel. The above are two important causes of uneven distribution of the concentration of the reactant gas on the surface of the electrode of the fuel cell.
Based on statistical analysis, the concentration distribution non-uniformity degree of the reaction gas on the surface of the electrode is analyzed by calculating the key statistical parameters (the extreme difference and the variance) of the gas concentration distribution of the fuel cell in the steady-state and dynamic processes, so that the runner design quality is measured. The range is the difference between the maximum and minimum values of a set of data, and is the maximum value of the variation of the concentration of the reaction gas along the flow channel. When the working pressure is the same, the concentration of the reaction gas at the inlet of the flow channel is basically the same, and if the difference is larger, the concentration of the lowest concentration point in the flow field area is smaller, namely the distribution quality of the reaction gas is poorer. The variance represents the deviation of a set of data from its average and can be used to describe the degree of non-uniformity in the concentration of gas at the electrode surface. The larger the variance of the gas concentration distribution, the more uneven the concentration distribution of the reaction gas, the more difficult the reaction gas is to diffuse to the corresponding areas of the edges and ridges in the flow field, i.e. the worse the reaction gas distribution quality. The polar differences and variances can directly indicate the distribution quality of the reactant gases along the entire flow path.
The electrode surface gas concentration distribution range and variance are calculated by adopting the following steps:
Wherein R is the concentration distribution of the reaction gas is extremely poor; x max is the maximum value of the concentration of the reaction gas at each point on the surface of the electrode; x min is the minimum concentration of the reaction gas at each point on the surface of the electrode; x i is the concentration value of the reaction gas at the ith point of the electrode surface; n is the number of points on the electrode surface; the average value of the concentration of the reaction gas on the surface of the electrode; /(I) Is the reactant gas concentration distribution variance.
The method comprises the steps of obtaining the concentration of the reaction gas at each point on the surface of an electrode according to detection results of the fuel cell under different working conditions (such as different current densities, stoichiometric ratios, working pressures and the like), calculating the concentration distribution range and variance of the gas at the surface of the electrode based on a statistical method, analyzing the change rule of the concentration distribution range and variance of the gas along with the change of each working condition, obtaining a threshold value of the concentration distribution range and variance of the reaction gas under specific working conditions by combining the analysis about the gas-free working interval, and considering that the concentration distribution non-uniformity degree is smaller when the threshold value is smaller, and the distribution quality of the reaction gas is better.
S103, quantitatively evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of the flow field design by analyzing the working interval of the fuel cell which is relatively free from gas shortage under the multi-dimension and the threshold value of the concentration distribution range and variance of the reaction gas under the specific working condition.
Specifically, if the working interval of the fuel cell relative to the gas shortage is larger in the multi-dimension, the threshold value of the extremely bad concentration distribution and variance of the reaction gas under the specific working condition is smaller, the flow field structural design is judged to be better.
According to the method for quantitatively evaluating the design quality of the flow field of the fuel cell, which is provided by the invention, the gas shortage degree of the fuel cell is measured by adopting the gas shortage area based on the distribution quality of the reaction gas, the non-uniformity degree of the concentration distribution of the reaction gas is measured by adopting the key statistical parameters (the extreme difference and the variance) of the concentration of the reaction gas on the surface of the electrode, and the gas shortage degree of the fuel cell and the non-uniformity degree of the concentration distribution of the reaction gas are used as evaluation indexes. The fuel cell gas distribution quality under different working conditions is evaluated by using the critical statistics parameters of the gas shortage area proportion and the gas concentration distribution, and the working interval which is relatively good in gas shortage and gas concentration distribution and the threshold value of the critical statistics parameters of the reaction gas concentration distribution are found out by analyzing the change rule of the critical statistics parameters of the gas shortage area proportion and the gas concentration distribution along with the change of each working parameter, and the quality of the fuel cell flow design can be quantitatively evaluated by the two groups of parameters, so that the rationality of a flow field structure is effectively verified. The invention provides guidance for the evaluation of the flow field structure design, is beneficial to the operation of the fuel cell in a proper working range, and has certain significance for improving the performance and the durability of the fuel cell.
The following describes the above method with a specific example of selecting the cathode flow field of a certain fuel cell as an evaluation target (the same applies to the evaluation of the anode flow field).
And calculating a relation curve of the current density and the required minimum cathode oxygen concentration under different working conditions according to a relation between the current density and the minimum reactive gas concentration required for maintaining the current density, and taking the relation curve as a basis for judging whether a certain point on the electrode surface of the fuel cell lacks gas. And calculating and analyzing the ratio diagram and the cloud diagram of the gas-lack area of the fuel cell under different working conditions according to the detection result, and researching the change rule of the gas-lack area of the fuel cell along with the change of the working conditions. The present example selects three operating conditions, current density, stoichiometry, and operating pressure (the same applies to other operating conditions). The working pressure and the cathode stoichiometric ratio are controlled to be unchanged, and the change rule of the cathode gas-lack area under different current densities is shown in fig. 3 and 4, and the analysis shows that gas lack does not occur when the current density is smaller than 0.8A/cm 2. Similarly, the change law of the cathode gas-lack area under different stoichiometric ratios is shown in fig. 5 and 6, and it is considered that gas lack does not occur when the stoichiometric ratio is greater than 2.1. Analysis shows that the working pressure has little effect on the area of lack of gas. The current density and the stoichiometric ratio are used as two dimensions to establish a working interval which is relatively free of gas, and the corresponding relation between the current density and the stoichiometric ratio is relatively free of gas.
Based on the statistical analysis, the key statistical parameters of the gas concentration distribution of the fuel cell in the steady-state and dynamic processes are calculated and used for representing the non-uniformity degree of the gas concentration distribution. Calculating the change rule of the key statistical parameter of the gas concentration distribution of the fuel cell along with the change of the working condition, and combining the analyzed relative non-gas shortage working interval, calculating the threshold value of the key statistical parameter of the concentration distribution under the specific working condition, for example, the threshold value of the corresponding current density of 0.8A/cm 2, and the threshold values of the range and the variance of 8.3 multiplied by 10 -3kmol/m3、3.53×10-6 respectively.
Thus, a set of evaluation parameters for the flow field design can be found as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 flow field design evaluation parameters
And under the condition that other working conditions are kept unchanged, the structural design of the flow field is changed, and another set of evaluation parameters are calculated. The evaluation parameters after the flow field structure change and the evaluation parameters of the original flow field structure are shown in table 2:
table 2 comparison of two sets of flow field design evaluation parameters
By comparison, the original flow field design can be found to be better than the changed flow field design, namely: the larger the working interval 1 and the working interval 2 are, the better the flow field design is changed; the smaller the margin threshold and variance threshold, the better the altered flow field design.
In summary, according to the method for quantitatively evaluating the design quality of the flow field of the fuel cell provided in the embodiment, the gas shortage degree of the fuel cell is measured by adopting the gas shortage area based on the distribution quality of the reactant gas, the non-uniformity degree of the reactant gas concentration distribution is measured by adopting the key statistical parameters (the extreme difference and the variance) of the reactant gas concentration on the electrode surface, and the gas shortage degree of the fuel cell and the non-uniformity degree of the reactant gas concentration distribution are used as evaluation indexes. The fuel cell gas distribution quality under different working conditions is evaluated by using the critical statistics parameters of the gas shortage area proportion and the gas concentration distribution, and the working interval which is relatively good in gas shortage and gas concentration distribution and the threshold value of the critical statistics parameters of the reaction gas concentration distribution are found out by analyzing the change rule of the critical statistics parameters of the gas shortage area proportion and the gas concentration distribution along with the change of each working parameter, and the quality of the fuel cell flow design can be quantitatively evaluated by the two groups of parameters, so that the rationality of a flow field structure is effectively verified. The invention provides guidance for the evaluation of the flow field structure design, is beneficial to the operation of the fuel cell in a proper working range, and has certain significance for improving the performance and the durability of the fuel cell.
Referring to fig. 7, a system for quantitatively evaluating the design quality of a flow field of a fuel cell according to a second embodiment of the present invention includes:
the first calculation module is used for comparing the detection result of the concentration of the reaction gas on the surface of the electrode of the fuel cell under different working conditions with the lowest gas concentration corresponding to the current density under different working conditions, judging whether each point on the surface of the electrode is deficient, counting to obtain the occupied area of the deficient area, calculating the ratio of the deficient area and the cloud chart of the deficient area of the whole surface of the electrode, analyzing the change rule of the deficient area along with the change of each working condition by using a control variable method, and taking the influence of each working condition as one dimension to obtain the working interval of the fuel cell relative to the deficiency of gas under multiple dimensions;
the second calculation module is used for calculating the concentration distribution range and variance of the electrode surface gas according to the concentration of the reaction gas of each point on the electrode surface obtained by detecting the fuel cell under different working conditions based on a statistical method, analyzing the change rule of the range and variance along with the change of each working condition, and combining the analysis of the working interval relatively free of gas to obtain the threshold value of the concentration distribution range and variance of the reaction gas under specific working conditions;
And the evaluation module is used for quantitatively evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of the flow field design by analyzing the working interval of the fuel cell which is relatively free from gas shortage under the multi-dimension and the threshold value of the concentration distribution range and the variance of the reaction gas under the specific working condition.
In this embodiment, in the first calculation module, the minimum gas concentration is calculated by using the following formula:
Wherein j is the fuel cell current density; Is the lowest gas concentration; f is Faraday constant; m represents a single electrochemical reaction transferring m electrons; /(I) Is the thickness of the gas diffusion layer; /(I)Is the effective diffusivity of the gas diffusion layer.
In this embodiment, the first computing module is specifically configured to:
Calculating the minimum gas concentration corresponding to the current density under different working conditions, and taking the minimum gas concentration as a basis for judging whether a to-be-measured point on the surface of an electrode lacks gas, wherein the different working conditions at least comprise different current densities, different working pressures, different chemical metering ratios and different relative humidities;
And if the gas concentration of the to-be-measured point is smaller than the minimum gas concentration, judging that the to-be-measured point lacks gas.
In this embodiment, in the second calculation module, the following formula is adopted to calculate the electrode surface gas concentration distribution range and variance:
Wherein R is the concentration distribution of the reaction gas is extremely poor; x max is the maximum value of the concentration of the reaction gas at each point on the surface of the electrode; x min is the minimum concentration of the reaction gas at each point on the surface of the electrode; x i is the concentration value of the reaction gas at the ith point of the electrode surface; n is the number of points on the electrode surface; the average value of the concentration of the reaction gas on the surface of the electrode; /(I) Is the reactant gas concentration distribution variance.
In this embodiment, the evaluation module is specifically configured to:
If the larger the working interval of the fuel cell relative to the gas shortage under the multi-dimension is, the smaller the threshold value of the concentration distribution range and the variance of the reaction gas under the specific working condition is, the better the flow field structural design is judged.
According to the system for quantitatively evaluating the design quality of the flow field of the fuel cell, which is provided by the embodiment, the gas shortage degree of the fuel cell is measured by adopting the gas shortage area based on the distribution quality of the reaction gas, the non-uniformity degree of the concentration distribution of the reaction gas is measured by adopting the key statistical parameters (the range and the variance) of the concentration of the reaction gas on the surface of the electrode, and the gas shortage degree of the fuel cell and the non-uniformity degree of the concentration distribution of the reaction gas are used as evaluation indexes. The fuel cell gas distribution quality under different working conditions is evaluated by using the critical statistics parameters of the gas shortage area proportion and the gas concentration distribution, and the working interval which is relatively good in gas shortage and gas concentration distribution and the threshold value of the critical statistics parameters of the reaction gas concentration distribution are found out by analyzing the change rule of the critical statistics parameters of the gas shortage area proportion and the gas concentration distribution along with the change of each working parameter, and the quality of the fuel cell flow design can be quantitatively evaluated by the two groups of parameters, so that the rationality of a flow field structure is effectively verified. The invention provides guidance for the evaluation of the flow field structure design, is beneficial to the operation of the fuel cell in a proper working range, and has certain significance for improving the performance and the durability of the fuel cell.
Logic and/or steps represented in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein, e.g., a ordered listing of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. For the purposes of this description, a "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection (electronic device) having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette (magnetic device), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). In addition, the computer readable medium may even be paper or other suitable medium on which the program is printed, as the program may be electronically captured, via, for instance, optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted or otherwise processed in a suitable manner, if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.
It is to be understood that portions of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above-described embodiments, the various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, may be implemented using any one or combination of the following techniques, as is well known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logic functions on data signals, application specific integrated circuits having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable Gate Arrays (PGAs), field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), and the like.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: many changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A method for quantitatively evaluating the design quality of a flow field of a fuel cell, comprising:
Comparing the detection result of the concentration of the reaction gas on the surface of the electrode of the fuel cell under different working conditions with the minimum gas concentration corresponding to the current density under different working conditions, judging whether each point on the surface of the electrode is deficient, counting to obtain the occupied area of a deficiency area, calculating the ratio of the deficiency area to the deficiency area of the whole surface of the electrode, analyzing the change rule of the deficiency area along with the change of each working condition by using a control variable method, and taking the influence of each working condition as one dimension to obtain the working interval of the fuel cell relatively free of deficiency under multiple dimensions;
According to the concentration of the reaction gas of each point on the electrode surface obtained by detecting the fuel cell under different working conditions, calculating the concentration distribution range and variance of the gas on the electrode surface based on a statistical method, analyzing the change rule of the range and variance along with the change of each working condition, and combining the analysis of the working interval relatively free of gas to obtain the threshold value of the concentration distribution range and variance of the reaction gas under specific working conditions;
Quantitatively evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of the flow field design by analyzing the working interval of the fuel cell relative to the lack of gas under the multi-dimension and the threshold value of the concentration distribution range and variance of the reaction gas under the specific working condition;
The minimum gas concentration is calculated using the formula:
Wherein j is the fuel cell current density; Is the lowest gas concentration; f is Faraday constant; m represents a single electrochemical reaction transferring m electrons; /(I) Is the thickness of the gas diffusion layer; /(I)Is the effective diffusivity of the gas diffusion layer.
2. The method for quantitatively evaluating the design quality of a flow field of a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the step of comparing the detection result of the concentration of the reaction gas on the surface of the electrode of the fuel cell under different working conditions with the minimum concentration of the gas corresponding to the current density under different working conditions to determine whether each point on the surface of the electrode is deficient specifically comprises:
Calculating the minimum gas concentration corresponding to the current density under different working conditions, and taking the minimum gas concentration as a basis for judging whether a to-be-measured point on the surface of an electrode lacks gas, wherein the different working conditions at least comprise different current densities, different working pressures, different chemical metering ratios and different relative humidities;
And if the gas concentration of the to-be-measured point is smaller than the minimum gas concentration, judging that the to-be-measured point lacks gas.
3. The method for quantitatively evaluating the design quality of a flow field of a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the electrode surface gas concentration distribution range and variance are calculated by using the following methods:
Wherein R is the concentration distribution of the reaction gas is extremely poor; x max is the maximum value of the concentration of the reaction gas at each point on the surface of the electrode; x min is the minimum concentration of the reaction gas at each point on the surface of the electrode; x i is the concentration value of the reaction gas at the ith point of the electrode surface; n is the number of points on the electrode surface; the average value of the concentration of the reaction gas on the surface of the electrode; /(I) Is the reactant gas concentration distribution variance.
4. The method for quantitatively evaluating the design quality of a flow field of a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the quantitatively evaluating the design quality of the flow field specifically comprises the steps of:
If the larger the working interval of the fuel cell relative to the gas shortage under the multi-dimension is, the smaller the threshold value of the concentration distribution range and the variance of the reaction gas under the specific working condition is, the better the flow field structural design is judged.
5. A system for quantitatively evaluating the design quality of a fuel cell flow field, comprising:
the first calculation module is used for comparing the detection result of the concentration of the reaction gas on the surface of the electrode of the fuel cell under different working conditions with the lowest gas concentration corresponding to the current density under different working conditions, judging whether each point on the surface of the electrode is deficient, counting to obtain the occupied area of the deficient area, calculating the ratio of the deficient area and the cloud chart of the deficient area of the whole surface of the electrode, analyzing the change rule of the deficient area along with the change of each working condition by using a control variable method, and taking the influence of each working condition as one dimension to obtain the working interval of the fuel cell relative to the deficiency of gas under multiple dimensions;
the second calculation module is used for calculating the concentration distribution range and variance of the electrode surface gas according to the concentration of the reaction gas of each point on the electrode surface obtained by detecting the fuel cell under different working conditions based on a statistical method, analyzing the change rule of the range and variance along with the change of each working condition, and combining the analysis of the working interval relatively free of gas to obtain the threshold value of the concentration distribution range and variance of the reaction gas under specific working conditions;
The evaluation module is used for quantitatively evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of the flow field design by analyzing the working interval of the fuel cell which is relatively free of gas shortage under the multi-dimension and the threshold value of the concentration distribution range and the variance of the reaction gas under the specific working condition;
In the first calculation module, the minimum gas concentration is calculated by the following formula:
Wherein j is the fuel cell current density; Is the lowest gas concentration; f is Faraday constant; m represents a single electrochemical reaction transferring m electrons; /(I) Is the thickness of the gas diffusion layer; /(I)Is the effective diffusivity of the gas diffusion layer.
6. The system for quantitatively evaluating fuel cell flow field design merit of claim 5, wherein the first calculation module is specifically configured to:
Calculating the minimum gas concentration corresponding to the current density under different working conditions, and taking the minimum gas concentration as a basis for judging whether a to-be-measured point on the surface of an electrode lacks gas, wherein the different working conditions at least comprise different current densities, different working pressures, different chemical metering ratios and different relative humidities;
And if the gas concentration of the to-be-measured point is smaller than the minimum gas concentration, judging that the to-be-measured point lacks gas.
7. The system for quantitatively evaluating the design quality of a flow field of a fuel cell according to claim 5, wherein the second calculation module calculates the electrode surface gas concentration distribution range and variance using the following formula:
Wherein R is the concentration distribution of the reaction gas is extremely poor; x max is the maximum value of the concentration of the reaction gas at each point on the surface of the electrode; x min is the minimum concentration of the reaction gas at each point on the surface of the electrode; x i is the concentration value of the reaction gas at the ith point of the electrode surface; n is the number of points on the electrode surface; the average value of the concentration of the reaction gas on the surface of the electrode; /(I) Is the reactant gas concentration distribution variance.
8. The system for quantitatively evaluating the design quality of a fuel cell flow field according to claim 5, wherein the evaluation module is specifically configured to:
If the larger the working interval of the fuel cell relative to the gas shortage under the multi-dimension is, the smaller the threshold value of the concentration distribution range and the variance of the reaction gas under the specific working condition is, the better the flow field structural design is judged.
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