CN1660541B - 测量机器上物体的装置和方法 - Google Patents

测量机器上物体的装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN1660541B
CN1660541B CN200510064136XA CN200510064136A CN1660541B CN 1660541 B CN1660541 B CN 1660541B CN 200510064136X A CN200510064136X A CN 200510064136XA CN 200510064136 A CN200510064136 A CN 200510064136A CN 1660541 B CN1660541 B CN 1660541B
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detector
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维克托·戈登·斯廷普森
乔恩·保罗·富格
威廉·肯尼思·戴维斯
诺曼·约翰·利特
科利亚·蒂莫西·贝尔
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Renishaw PLC
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/20Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring workpiece characteristics, e.g. contour, dimension, hardness
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/24Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/24Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves
    • B23Q17/248Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves using special electromagnetic means or methods
    • B23Q17/2485Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves using special electromagnetic means or methods using interruptions of light beams
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/002Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring two or more coordinates
    • G01B11/005Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring two or more coordinates coordinate measuring machines
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/02Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • G01B11/028Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness by measuring lateral position of a boundary of the object
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • G01B21/02Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
    • G01B21/04Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
    • G01B21/047Accessories, e.g. for positioning, for tool-setting, for measuring probes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V8/00Prospecting or detecting by optical means
    • G01V8/10Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers
    • G01V8/12Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers using one transmitter and one receiver
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • H03K17/941Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated using an optical detector
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K2217/00Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
    • H03K2217/94Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
    • H03K2217/941Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated using an optical detector
    • H03K2217/94102Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated using an optical detector characterised by the type of activation
    • H03K2217/94104Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated using an optical detector characterised by the type of activation using a light barrier
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K2217/00Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
    • H03K2217/94Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
    • H03K2217/941Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated using an optical detector
    • H03K2217/94116Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated using an optical detector increasing reliability, fail-safe
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/13Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool with randomly-actuated stopping means
    • Y10T408/14Responsive to condition of Tool or tool-drive

Abstract

光源产生注入检测器的光束,检测器在其上注入的光束被工具遮挡时产生触发信号。为防止在光束在被落下冷却液遮挡时产生触发信号,检测器在每次光束被遮挡时产生检测信号,但仅在产生较早的检测信号特定时间间隔内又在检测器内出现检测信号时,检测器才发出输出信号。产生时间间隔的方法之一是旋转工具旋转时的切割边遮挡光束的时间间隔(t1)。如果未在间隔(t1)的末端的间隔(t2)内产生第二信号,不产生触发信号。

Description

测量机器上物体的装置和方法
本申请是申请日为2000年11月17日、申请号为00803001.4、发明名称为“测量机器上物体的光测量装置”的中国专利申请的分案申请
技术领域
本发明涉及光测量装置,它能配合定位机器(如机床)判定物体相对参照点的位置。例如,用于机床的工具(刀具)设定。
背景技术
已知的用于机床上的工具(刀具)设定装置包括产生注入检测器上的优良光束的光源。在工具设定运行期间,运行机器以在横截于光束传播的方向移动工具到工具的一部分挡住光束。检测该遮挡以在检测单元产生触发信号,建立机器移动件相对机器的相对位置,判定工具尺寸。DE4238504和DE4244869和法国专利2343555,EP98930和US4518257公开了这种装置。该装置可用于测量工具的长度或直径,以监控工具的破损和磨损。
上述专利公开的装置利用窄光束于工具通过的路程中。检测单元通过检测光束通过检测光密度的降低检测何时被工具遮挡。触发信号在光密度的降低到一定量时产生。
问题是这种光测量装置的光束在测量中可能被机器所用的冷却液遮挡,导致误触发信号。
当前所用的克服该问题的方法之一是在机器控制器中编程,以进行多次测量直到预定次数的测量结果落入给定公差。工具的位置被认为是它们的平均值。问题是如果需测量许多次,增加了测量周期,难以被用户接受。
本发明的方法试图通过使用能区分工具和冷却液的测量来解决这些问题。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种测量机器上的旋转物体的装置,包括:光源,用于产生光束;检测器,所述光束照射在其上,并用于当光束被遮挡预定量时,产生一信号;及信号处理器;所述装置的特征在于:所述信号处理器存储代表来自所述检测器的信号的状态的规则间隔的采样,并当所存储的采样指示一重复模式时,发出一触发信号。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种使用一装置测量机器上的物体的方法,所述装置包括有生成可被投射到一检测器上的光束的光源,所述方法包括有以下步骤:每当光束被阻断时,在所述检测器内生成一信号;存储表示来自所述检测器的信号的状态的规则间隔的采样;及当所述存储的采样指示一重复模式时,发出一触发信号。
现参照附图描绘发明实施例。
附图说明
图1为实现本发明的光测量装置的透视图;
图2为图1的检测器的输出的代表;
图3为代表装置的基本元件的框图;
图4为在线4a到4f中,检测器的信号处理电路的不同部分产生的信号。
具体实施方式
参照图1,所示的光测量装置设置为运行机床设置装置。装置包括光发射单元10,输出光束12,光检测单元14,检测光束12。到光发射单元10和光检测单元14的电源和信号控制电缆通过输入口16布线,光发射单元10和光检测单元14事先通过柱18安装在机器座上,通过中间座20或直接安装在机器座上。
运行中,通过运行其上安装有装置的机器以在横截光束12传播的方向的方向移动工具,装置被用于工具设置。当光束被遮挡预定量时,检测单元14输出触发信号,以由机器判定其相对移动部件的相对位置,因此,能判定工具的尺寸。
欧洲专利申请00303749.6详细描绘了这种装置的机械和光结构。
图2示出检测器在不同情况下的输出。当光束被遮挡预定量时,检测器如电压脉冲所示输出变高(即:产生检测信号)。如图左端的第一脉冲S1,可见这可发生在冷却液落下通过光束时。
然而,在第一种情况,冷却液落下是单独发生的,产生单个短期间的脉冲。
当旋转切割工具的边切断光束,也有短期间的脉冲S2,但其后还有当同一边或多边工具的其它边依次再次切断光束时的脉冲S3(仅示出一个)。
为了能识别落下的冷却液遮挡光束和切割工具的边第一次遮挡光束(这是需要测量切割工具的位置)的不同,检测器中的定时器在检测器产生检测信号的同时设置第一时间间隔t1。在特定实施例中,t1设置为等于工具旋转一周的时间。在t1的结束点,定时器设置较短的时间间隔t2。
检测器监视时间间隔t2,查找如果第一信号由落下的冷却液产生则不会产生的第二检测信号。这可由输出信号的高电位状态或上升沿检测。如果有第二信号,检测器在时间间隔t2的结束点发出“跳跃”或触发信号。
由于已知精确的时间间隔t1和t2,可计算由于工具的切割边遮挡光束导致的检测器输出的第一上升沿的情况。
为计算定时,必需设定机器轴的旋转速度和切割工具。为使测量运行的时间下降到合理的程度,轴速在实验时设置为1000rpm,因此,t1为60ms。然而,t2应大到适应转速的微小变化,如达到5%,即t1中3ms的变化。
为使触发信号位于时间间隔t2的中心,t2被设置在t1+1/2t,它应等于60ms。因此,t1实际设置为58.5ms。
测量前不需要知道工具的转速,因为能通过定时检测器产生的脉冲的前两个连续的脉冲输出的上升沿的时间间隔测量。然后,在第二和第三上升沿间设置时间间隔t1,t2从第三上升沿定时。
发明装置的基本元件见图3。发射机10发出的光束12进入检测器14的检测电路72的光电检测器,在光束被遮挡时产生信号。该信号进入包括信号分析所必需的定时装置的信号处理器74。检测器输出信号直接进入机器控制器80,停止机器,评估机器标尺读数以判定机器位置。
图4描绘另一实施方案,使用一个或多个时钟,其每个产生一序列由检测器发出指示光束被遮挡的信号启动的脉冲;
图4a示出由齿和落物的混合遮挡光束产生的序列事件;
图4b示出这些事件产生的信号转换为检测器的信号处理器的比较器的输出的脉冲;
图4c示出使用单个时钟时检测器发生的情况;
图4d示出使用第二时钟时检测器发生的情况;
图4e和4f分别示出使用时钟1和时钟2的输出的比较器的输出的组合时的结果。
图4a可见随机发生落物和遮挡光束和工具的边规则地遮挡光束。每次遮挡标为事件E。
图4b示出对应于事件的比较器脉冲输出。
图4c示出事件E1出现导致第一时钟开始,但由于第二时钟脉冲脉冲发送到信号处理器时无事件发生,时钟停止。时钟在仍为落物的事件E3出现时再次开始,但由于其第二脉冲发生在事件E4和E5间,将看不到E4,将停止。E5开始的情况同样。仅当事件E7开始时,其脉冲同步于工具边在事件E9和其外遮挡光束的发生,因此,触发信号在事件E7产生。这个信号将在第一次E6切割边遮挡光束失去并将导致错误读出。
对于使用两个时钟的实施例,如图4d所示,第二时钟在事件E6开始,因为此时第一时钟正在工作。由于事件E6通过切割工具的边遮挡光束,当时钟脉冲产生时,事件E7将会发生。信号处理器将识别时钟脉冲和事件成为同步并将在脉冲的上升沿产生触发信号。由于时钟脉冲的产生和光束的遮挡同步,能方便地确定第一光束遮挡发生的时间。
如果第一事件由工具的切割边产生,情况不复杂,这是由于第一时钟将开始并将在第一脉冲期间看到同步的事件并在哪时产生触发脉冲。
如果在第一和第二事件间发生落物,这将被第一时钟忽略,由于其不发生在它的第一脉冲期间。因此,这些情况下,落物不影响触发信号的产生。
虽然用一个或两个时钟描绘了发明,如果用多个不同频率的时钟,会有其它好处。
如,装置能用于不同的转速而不需重新设置现有时钟的定时,额外的时钟可用于装置处理多个落物的情况。所用时钟的数量应与获得的好处和额外的信号处理能力的代价等因素综合考虑。
发明也可用于工具不旋转测量工具在工具设置期间测量工具长度或直径,或用于工具破损检测。在这种实施例中,工具以直角向光束移动到其端或侧面遮挡光束。检测器产生的信号用于启动在时间t后评估检测器输出的信号处理器中的时钟。如果检测器输出那时仍高,表示信号仍存在,信号处理器产生触发信号。
在另一个实施例中,信号处理器可合并一识别同步事件的装置。输入装置的是规则间隔的采样,采样被存储在固定长度的缓存中,新内容不断覆盖旧内容。缓存可用检测检测器的输出和每次采样均写其当前状态入移位寄存器的移位寄存器实现。如果缓存分开两字节,重复模式的测试通过比较两个半部分获得。如,如果采样率为工具转速的8倍且每次采样的结果移位过两8位寄存器,当第一信号产生,这表明高到寄存器单元的高(1)。采样通过寄存器移动,直到进入第二半的第一单元。如果无同步事件,采样通过寄存器到结束。
然而,如果在第一采样移入寄存器的第二半的第一单元的同时,寄存器的第一半的第一单元收到高采样,则两个半部分再次成为相同,发出触发信号。
通过在机床的光测量装置中消去寄生触发信号描绘了本发明,光测量装置的其它形式在其它机器中会有广泛应用。希望本发明包括这些。

Claims (4)

1.一种测量机器上的旋转物体的装置,包括:
光源,用于产生光束;
检测器,所述光束照射在所述检测器上,所述检测器包括:检测电路,用于当光束被遮挡预定量时,产生信号;以及信号处理器;
其特征在于:所述信号处理器合并有以下识别同步事件的装置,所述的识别同步事件的装置通过测试重复模式来识别同步事件,
其中所述的识别同步事件的装置在固定长度的缓存中存储代表来自所述检测电路的信号的状态的规则间隔的采样,所述缓存中的新内容不断覆盖旧内容,并且
其中当所述的识别同步事件的装置识别同步事件时,所述信号处理器发出触发信号,其中所述缓存分成两个半部分,通过比较两个半部分来实现对重复模式的测试。
2.根据权利要求1所述的测量装置,其中所述固定长度的缓存包括移位寄存器,并且当所述移位寄存器的两个半部分变得相同时,由所述的识别同步事件的装置识别同步事件。
3.一种使用装置对机器工具进行测量的方法,所述装置包括光源和检测器,所述光源生成可被投射到所述检测器上的光束,并且所述检测器包括合并有用于通过测试重复模式来识别同步事件的装置的信号处理器,所述方法包括有以下步骤:
每当光束被阻断时,在所述检测器内生成信号;
将表示来自所述检测器的信号的状态的规则间隔的采样输入到所述的合并在所述信号处理器中的识别同步事件的装置中,其中所述的识别同步事件的装置将所述采样存储在固定长度的缓存中,所述缓存中的新内容不断覆盖旧内容;以及
当所述存储的采样指示同步事件时,从所述检测器的信号处理器发出触发信号,其中所述缓存分成两个半部分,通过比较两个半部分来实现对重复模式的测试。
4.根据权利要求3所述的测量方法,其中所述缓存包括移位寄存器,并且当所述移位寄存器的两个半部分变得相同时,识别同步事件。
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