CN1654732A - 由单丝制造纺粘型非织造布的方法 - Google Patents

由单丝制造纺粘型非织造布的方法 Download PDF

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CN1654732A
CN1654732A CNA2005100081122A CN200510008112A CN1654732A CN 1654732 A CN1654732 A CN 1654732A CN A2005100081122 A CNA2005100081122 A CN A2005100081122A CN 200510008112 A CN200510008112 A CN 200510008112A CN 1654732 A CN1654732 A CN 1654732A
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S·索摩尔
J·古顿
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Machine Factory Of Leffinhauser Co ltd
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    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/492Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet
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    • D04H3/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/10Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
    • D04H3/11Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically by fluid jet
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
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    • D04H18/04Needling machines with water jets

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Abstract

由单丝,尤其是由热塑性合成材料制成的单丝制造纺粘型非织造纤网的方法。所述单丝是由含有至少一种聚合物和至少一种亲水添加剂的混合物纺成,并将其编成非织造纤网。将非织造纤网加热到至少30℃的温度和/或使用含水液体将其润湿。随后通过水力作用压实非织造纤网。

Description

由单丝制造纺粘型非织造布的方法
本发明涉及一种由单丝,尤其由热塑性合成材料制成的单丝制造纺粘型非织造布(spun fleece)的方法,其中将单丝编成非织造纤网,并且通过水力作用压实非织造纤网。本发明上下文中的单丝是连续纤维,即理论上无限长的丝,由其形成非织造纤网和/或纺粘型非织造布。在本发明上下文中的非织造纤网和/或纺粘型非织造布由上述单丝连续地形成。
基本上公知一种通过水力作用压实由单丝制成的非织造纤网和/或将所述非织造纤网进行喷水压实的现有技术方法。然而,非织造纤网的单丝通常疏水和/或包括一个疏水顶面。这尤其适合于由聚烯烃例如聚乙烯或聚丙烯制成的单丝的情况。由于疏水性,在喷水压实期间,水脉冲传送到单丝的效率往往不尽人意。由此需要改进现有技术的方法。
因此,本发明的技术问题是详细说明开始时所引用类型的方法,通过该方法,即使是在疏水性单丝和/或疏水性单丝顶面的情况下,也可获得有效的水力压实。
为了解决该技术问题,本发明描述了一种由单丝,尤其是由热塑性合成材料制成的单丝制造纺粘型非制造布的方法,其中单丝由至少一种聚合物和至少一种亲水性添加剂的混合物纺成,并且将单丝编成非织造纤网,其中将非织造纤网加热到至少30℃的温度和/或使用含水液体使其润湿,此后非织造纤网通过水力作用被压实。
本发明上下文中,将一种热塑性聚合物和/或多种热塑性聚合物用作用于单丝的聚合物。而且在本发明上下文中,单丝主要由该种聚合物和/或这些聚合物组成。
根据本发明的优选实施方案,纺成单丝的混合物包括至少高达90重量%、优选至少高达95重量%的聚合物。单丝优选包括高达95重量%以上的所述至少一种聚合物。纺制单丝的混合物适宜地含有0.1-5重量%的亲水添加剂,优选0.1-3重量%和更优选0.15-2.5重量%。权利要求1区分了该至少一种聚合物和该至少一种亲水添加剂。上述聚合物(单丝主要由该聚合物组成)为可进行亲水改性的非亲水和/或不完全亲水聚合物。所述聚合物特别优选为聚烯烃,更优选为聚乙烯或聚丙烯。该聚合物也可为聚酯或聚酰胺。本发明上下文中,亲水添加剂也可以是聚合物,即亲水聚合物。根据本发明的优选实施方案,纺成单丝的混合物在各成分的浓度和/或类型方面可进行调整,使得贮存3-9天、优选4-8天、更优选5-7天后,单丝表面张力会发生改变/将变化至少5mN/m。
如上所述,根据本发明的优选实施方案,亲水添加剂为亲水聚合物。本发明上下文中,亲水添加剂为乙氧基化有机化合物和/或乙氧基化聚合物。根据本发明的特别优选实施方案,使用至少一种选自“聚环氧烷、聚环氧烷化合物、乙氧基化硅、乙氧基化硅氧烷、乙氧基化烃、乙氧基化碳氟化合物”的亲水添加剂。使用聚环氧烷时,根据某一实施方案,可以是聚环氧乙烷。本发明上下文中,改性聚合物可作为亲水添加剂,与聚环氧烷一起使用。
根据本发明,非织造纤网所用的单丝可以是单组分单丝和/或双组分单丝和/或多组分单丝。双组分单丝和/或多组分单丝可包括首尾相连结构或皮芯结构。根据本发明的优选实施方案,本发明中可使用中空纤维作为用于非织造纤网的单丝。
本发明的一个优选实施方案是纺制包括皮芯结构的多组分单丝,优选双组分单丝,其中亲水添加剂存在于壳组分中。在此情况下,本发明上下文中,亲水添加剂仅存在于这些双组分和/或多组分单丝的壳组分中。
根据本发明方法的另一优选实施方案,其特征在于至少部分单丝被纺成可接头(spliceable)的多组分单丝、优选双组分单丝,其中亲水添加剂存在于至少一种组分中,并且至少部分可接头的多组分单丝在水力作用压实期间被接头。可接头的多组分单丝和/或双组分单丝特别是指由不相容的聚合物组分组成的单丝。这些多组分单丝中,至少一种聚合物组分是由聚合物和亲水添加剂的混合物纺成。可接头的多组分单丝在水力作用压实期间被接头,是指本发明上下文中将所述单丝接头到至少超过其部分长度。现在所述的实施方案极其重要。令人惊奇的是,由于与现有技术的测量比,多组分单丝在水力压实期间具有更好的润湿,所以接头可在更低的能量消耗下进行。其当然是一个重要优势。本发明上下文中使用的可接头多组分单丝包括首尾相连结构或片断饼式结构(也称之为桔型类和/或桔型结构)。这些多组分单丝可以固体纤维或中空纤维的形式存在。
根据本发明的方法,特别优选使用亲水添加剂,所述亲水添加剂在多组分单丝的各个组分中具有不同的溶解度。此时特别优选由于在多组分单丝的各个组分中溶解度不同而在相临界值聚集并由此降低临界粘附的亲水添加剂。因此在水力压实可接头的多组分单丝时,实现了极其有效的接头。
根据本发明方法的一个实施方案极其重要,根据本发明其特征在于非织造纤网在其受热和/或润湿前被预压实。预压实可通过热方法或机械方法进行,例如借助针刺制毡法。基本上预压实也可通过水力作用而进行。
根据本发明的优选实施方案,将单丝形成的非织造纤网加热到至少35℃,优选至少40℃的温度。本发明上下文中,将非织造纤网加热最高到低于成单丝聚合物的单丝顶面之一的熔点20℃的温度。当形成单丝顶面的聚合物为聚乙烯和/或聚丙烯时,将非织造纤网便利地加热到高达100℃。
润湿非织造纤网的含水液体优选为纯水或者与至少一种表面活性剂物质混合的水,以利于(疏水性)单丝的润湿。将非织造纤网适当用加热的含水液体润湿和/或喷涂,但必须将非织造纤网加热到至少20℃,优选至少25℃,更优选30℃的温度。根据本发明的优选实施方案,在至少20℃、优选至少25℃、更优选至少30℃的温度下,使用含水液体将非织造纤网润湿。非织造纤网的润湿适合在35℃下进行,优选至少为40℃。本发明上下文中,非织造纤网在这样的增加的温度下保持润湿直到水力压实或水力压实前不久。根据本发明的特别优选实施方案,非织造纤网由含水液体润湿,其中含水液体被加热到至少20℃,优选至少25℃,更优选至少30℃的温度。适宜的非织造纤网的润湿是使用含水液体进行,其中将含水液体加热和/或预热到至少35℃,优选至少40℃的温度。本发明上下文中,非织造纤网的润湿是使用预热的水进行。可以使用液体喷涂非织造纤网和/或将非织造纤网浸渍在液体中,和/或使用水蒸气汽蒸非织造纤网。本发明上下文的含水液体也指蒸气形式的水。
本发明上下文中,非织造纤网的水力压实是通过喷水处理的方法进行。在喷水压实和/或喷水针刺制毡时,细小、快速的喷射水柱将非织造布压实。根据本发明的实施方案,水力压实是在根据本发明的其他工艺步骤之后立刻进行,更特别优选在非织造纤网的加热和/或润湿之后。因此,该工艺是联机进行,即非织造纤网和/或纺粘型非织造布的制造是连续而不间断的。
根据本发明的另一实施方案,所述工艺也可离线进行,即在工艺步骤顺序上间断。该情况下在本发明中表现为离线操作,其中在水力压实之前将非织造纤网贮存在至少30℃下和/或使用含水液体润湿。加热和/或润湿受热后的非织造纤网可被卷绕,并且将润湿的、优选卷绕的非织造纤网贮存在控温室中例如几小时或几天。适合的贮存温度为至少30℃,优选至少40℃。当单丝顶面由聚烯烃、尤其是聚丙烯或聚乙烯组成时,贮存温度优选40℃-100℃。本发明上下文中,非织造纤网在贮存期间被保持湿润,例如将其贮存在具有高水分含量和/或高湿度的空气中。然而,一般非织造纤网必须被温热贮存,例如将其卷绕到加热毯中。
本发明基于的发现:当非织造纤网由单丝和亲水添加剂组成时,根据本发明通过加热和/或润湿方法的预处理后,可实现有效的水力压实和/或喷水压实。在根据本发明的上述预处理的非织造纤网的情况下,水力压实时实现了水对单丝的意外地有效的脉冲传送。
下面将在一个举例的说明实施方案的附图基础上进一步详细描述本发明。该附图以图解形式表示根据本发明的加工步骤顺序。
将初生丝1放置在一接收表面上,以形成纺粘型非织造纤网3,所述接收表面形成为循环转动的折布屏2。然后按箭头方向输送纺粘型非织造纤网3,最初到达处理站4,在其中进行预压实。例如可使用热方法进行预压实。然后将纺粘型非织造纤网3喂入到第二处理站5。在第二处理站5中,优选进行纺粘型非织造纤网3的加热和润湿。
纺粘型非织造纤网3适合使用例如预热到50℃的水处理。然后将纺粘型非织造纤网3喂入压实装置6,在其中进行水力压实,即通过喷水处理和/或使用高压喷水的处理进行非织造布压实。根据本发明的方法的上下文中,可实现惊人的有效的水力压实。

Claims (10)

1.一种制造纺粘型非织造布的方法,所述非织造布由单丝(1)、优选由热塑性合成材料制得的单丝(1)制成,其中单丝(1)由至少一种聚合物和至少一种亲水添加剂的混合物纺成,并被编成非织造纤网(3),该方法中将非织造纤网(3)加热到至少30℃和/或使用含水液体将其润湿,随后通过水力作用压实非织造纤网。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中纺制单丝(1)的混合物包括至少高达90重量%、优选至少高达95重量%的聚合物。
3.根据权利要求1或2任一项的方法,其中使用至少一种选自“聚环氧烷、聚环氧烷化合物、乙氧基化硅、乙氧基化硅氧烷、乙氧基化烃、乙氧基化碳氟化合物”的亲水添加剂。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中将至少部分单丝纺成多组分单丝,优选包括皮芯结构并且亲水添加剂在壳组分中的双组分单丝。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中将至少部分单丝纺成其中至少一种组分含有亲水添加剂的可接头的多组分单丝、优选双组分单丝,并且将至少部分可接头的多组分单丝在水力压实期间接头。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的方法,其中非织造纤网(3)在其加热和/或润湿前被预压实。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项的方法,其中将非织造纤网(3)加热到至少35℃、优选至少40℃,并且最高到低于形成单丝顶面的聚合物熔点20℃的温度。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项的方法,其中使用含水液体在至少20℃、优选至少25℃、更优选至少30℃的温度下润湿非织造纤网(3)。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项的方法,其中非织造纤网(3)被加热的液体润湿和/或喷涂,但必须将非织造纤网加热到至少20℃、优选至少25℃、更优选至少30℃的温度。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一项的方法,其中进行离线操作,在水力压实之前将非织造纤网(3)贮存在至少30℃下和/或使用含水液体润湿。
CN2005100081122A 2004-02-09 2005-02-06 由单丝制造纺粘型非织造布的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1654732B (zh)

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CN104884696A (zh) * 2012-12-27 2015-09-02 Sca卫生用品公司 水刺成形的复合无纺布

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EP1561848A1 (de) 2005-08-10
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CN1654732B (zh) 2010-04-28

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