CN1654006A - Adapter plates for cleaning implement - Google Patents

Adapter plates for cleaning implement Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1654006A
CN1654006A CN 200410081797 CN200410081797A CN1654006A CN 1654006 A CN1654006 A CN 1654006A CN 200410081797 CN200410081797 CN 200410081797 CN 200410081797 A CN200410081797 A CN 200410081797A CN 1654006 A CN1654006 A CN 1654006A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
cleaning
pad
cleaning pad
cleaned
cuff
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Granted
Application number
CN 200410081797
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Chinese (zh)
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CN100355388C (en
Inventor
N·J·波利茨克基奥
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Procter and Gamble Ltd
Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Ltd
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Priority claimed from US09/723,025 external-priority patent/US6996871B1/en
Application filed by Procter and Gamble Ltd filed Critical Procter and Gamble Ltd
Publication of CN1654006A publication Critical patent/CN1654006A/en
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Publication of CN100355388C publication Critical patent/CN100355388C/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L13/00—Implements for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
    • A47L13/10—Scrubbing; Scouring; Cleaning; Polishing
    • A47L13/20—Mops
    • A47L13/24—Frames for mops; Mop heads
    • A47L13/254—Plate frames

Abstract

Adapter plates (30) which can be used with a cleaning implement (10) are provided. These adapter plates (30) can be removably attached to a dry or wet cleaning implement (10) in order to allow a consumer to use longer and/or larger sheets or pads (310) without having to purchase a complete cleaning implement. These adapter plates (30) may have elevational elements (1630, 1631) at the bottom surface to improve the efficiency of cleaning by creating pressure zones in the sheet or pad (310). These adapter plates (30) may also have a scrubbing element secured at one edge of the plate for heavy stain removal.

Description

Improved cleaning pad
The cross reference of related application
The application is that people such as Policicchio submit (P﹠amp on November 9th, 1999; G case 7368+) the part continuation application of international application (sequence number PCT/US99/26579).This application requires U.S. Provisional Application 60/162935 that people such as Policicchio submits on November 2nd, 1999 and the priority of the U.S. Provisional Application 60/110476 submitted on December 1st, 1998.(the P﹠amp that the application also requires people such as Willman to submit on February 24th, 2000; G case 7973P) priority of U.S. Provisional Application 60/184780.All aforementioned patent applications all are incorporated herein this paper for your guidance: by the United States Patent (USP) (P﹠amp of people such as Nagel in submission on November 9th, 1998; G case 7337), sequence number is 09/188,604; By the United States Patent (USP) (P﹠amp of people such as Benecke in submission on November 30th, 1998; G case 7361), sequence number is 09/201,618; By the United States Patent (USP) (P﹠amp of people such as Sherry in submission on September 27th, 1999; G case 7803P), sequence number is 60/156,286.
Technical field
The present invention relates to be particularly useful for removing and collecting the cleaning appliance and the cleaning foil of dust, velveteen, hair, sand, food debris, grass bits or the like small objects.
Background of invention
Various cleaning foils can be used with cleaning appliance in known this area.Shown that these cleaning foils are quite effective aspect relative smaller particles such as dust of catching covering surface to be cleaned or dirt.But when catching bigger particle or bigger velveteen, hair and dust, these cleaning foils are not very effective just.One of ways of addressing this issue is can catch bigger particle when the leading edge of cleaning pad and trailing edge add that functional cuffs drags mop back and forth.Yet, a shortcoming of these functional cuffs is exactly its kind that depends on surface to be cleaned, and the kind of the employed utensil of user and user's applied pressure, and some functional cuffs is tended to slide on the ground rather than rolling to and fro, does not therefore show the optimum performance of catching particle and comes.Therefore another target of this invention provides one and comprises the improved cleaning pad with improved functional cuffs.
Summary of the invention
On the one hand, the present invention relates to cleaning pad, it comprises:
At least one clean layer; With
Has one at least attached to the functional cuffs on the described pad, this cuff comprises the cover hoop material and has the outer surface that an inner surface and an energy contacts with surface to be cleaned, wherein because the inner surface of cover hoop material contact the ratio of sliding force that produces and the sliding force that contacts generation owing to the outer surface that overlaps hoop material with the material on surface to be cleaned less than 1 with self.
The accompanying drawing summary
As summary, claims particularly point out and know and required protection scope of the present invention patent specification with claims, and believe by following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and can understand the present invention better, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram that is applicable to floor mop of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram that is applicable to floor mop of the present invention, shows that wherein cleaning foil is arranged on mop head;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that another kind is applicable to floor mop of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the cross-sectional side view of the pad of stepped design among Fig. 1, and this figure obtains along its line 3-3;
Fig. 5 is the cross-sectional side view of pad of the another kind of stepped design of floor mop, has further shown cleaning foil;
Fig. 6 is the schematic bottom view that is used for the cleaning pad of smooth mop head;
Fig. 7 is the schematic bottom view of cleaning pad that is used for the mop head of stepped design;
Fig. 8 is the cross-sectional side view that expression is used for the cleaning pad of smooth mop head;
Fig. 9 is the cross-sectional side view of cleaning pad that expression is used for the mop head of stepped design;
Figure 10 is the schematic diagram that includes the cleaning pad of functional cuffs;
Figure 11 is the plane of cleaning pad among the present invention;
Figure 12 is the cross-sectional side view of cleaning pad shown in Figure 11;
Figure 13 is when representing that mop travels forward, and includes the cross-sectional side view of the cleaning pad of one pair of functional cuffs;
Figure 14 is when representing that mop moves backward, includes the cross-sectional side view of the cleaning pad of one pair of functional cuffs;
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
Definition
" comprising " used herein, a speech was meant different assemblies, component or the step that can unite use in the practical application of the present invention.Therefore, term " comprise " contained as " basically by ... form " and limited stronger terms such as " by ... composition ".
" directly fluid passage " used herein is meant that a large amount of obstructions, conveying and the restriction of insert layer can not appear in fluid easily by (for example, shampooing layer and absorbed layer) between two cleaning pad components or layer.For example, fabric, nonwoven web, construction adhesive etc. can exist between two assemblies, and can keep " directly fluid passage " simultaneously, as long as they can not hinder and limit fluid when fluid flows between assembly or layer in a large number.
Term used herein " macroscopic view is amplified " is meant that these nets, ribbon and the film that are produced are to meet the three-dimensional structure shaped surface when being used to describe three-dimensional plastic net, ribbon and film, so two surface all demonstrates the three dimensional pattern of described shaped structure, when the vertical range between the plane of observer's sight line and net was about 12 inches, described pattern can be seen at an easy rate by naked eyes.Net, ribbon and film typical cases that these macroscopic views are amplified be by embossing cause to meet the surface of described shaped structure, just when described shaped structure shows the pattern that mainly comprises protrusion or when described shaped structure shows the capillary network that mainly comprises depression or with the melt of colloid directly be expressed into both one of the surface of shaped structure on.As a comparison, when term " plane " is used for describing plastic wire, ribbon and film in this article, be meant the integrality of net, ribbon and film that naked eyes can be seen in macro-scale.In this article, the net on plane, ribbon and film can comprise on the suitable yardstick on one side or net surperficial devious, ribbon and the film on both sides, when the vertical range on the plane of observer's sight line and net is about 12 inches or when bigger, described surface devious can not be seen at an easy rate by naked eyes.
Term used herein " z direction " is meant that direction vertical with width with the length of cleaning pad of the present invention.Therefore, the z direction is corresponding to the thickness of cleaning pad or its assembly.
Term used herein " x-y direction " is meant the plane vertical with the thickness of cleaning pad or its assembly.X direction and y direction correspond respectively to the length and the width of cleaning pad or its assembly.In general, when cleaning pad used with a handle, this cleaning appliance will move by the direction parallel with the y direction (or width) of pad.(see Fig. 1, discussed below reaching.) certainly, the present invention is not limited to the cleaning pad on four limits.Other shape also can be used as circle, ellipse etc.When on the z direction, a bit determining the width of pad arbitrarily, clearly fill up and be intended to purposes evaluation according to it.
Term used herein " layer " is meant the parts or the assembly of cleaning pad, and its main direction is the x-y direction, promptly along its length and width.Clearly ' layer ' this speech need not be confined to one deck or one piece material.What therefore, layer can comprise several thin slices of material requested or fabric rolls body or complex.Therefore, " several layers " and " lamination " two terms contained in term " layer ".
Term used herein " hydrophilic " is used to refer to those water has the surface of wetability to it.The typical case can define hydrophily and wetability according to the contact angle and the surface tension of the relevant liquid and the surface of solids.Robert F.Gould1964 edits in the american chemical society publication thing is entitled as in " contact angle, wetability and adhesive force " (Contact Angle, Wettability andAdhesion) book detailed discussion is arranged for this, and this book is incorporated herein by reference.When the contact angle on liquid and surface less than 90 degree, perhaps when liquid inclination when sprawling naturally on the surface, we can say surperficial by liquid-soaked (that is, hydrophilic), the following two kinds of situations of normal condition occur together.On the contrary, if contact angle greater than 90 degree and liquid can not sprawl naturally on the surface time, this surface is considered to " hydrophobic ".
Term used herein " plain weave cotton " is meant the material that some are durable, and it provides structure beyond the contact of shampooing laminar surface of cleaning pad, and has enough unlimited degree liquid can be flow in the absorbed layer of cleaning pad.Proper material comprises the material of the open architecture that those are continuous, as synthetic and metallic sieve.Comprise the number of the interlaced silk thread of screen cloth by change, the perhaps thickness by those interlaced silk threads of control etc. just can be controlled the open area of these materials.Other material comprises the material that is printed on discontinuous pattern on those bottoms.In this respect, a kind of durable material (for example, artificial material) can be printed as continuous or discontinuous pattern on bottom, and for example independent point and/or line are in order to provide required structure.Equally, some continuous or discontinuous patterns can be printed to and form " plain weave cotton " on the soft material.These patterns can repeatedly or randomly be made.Should be appreciated that one or more described methods that are used to prepare desirable structure can combine forms optional plain weave cotton material.The cotton z of plain weave to height and open area and/or bottom scrubbing layer can control and/or hinder liquid and flow into the absorbed layer core material.The cotton z of plain weave to height and/or the bottom of the scouring volume that can provide a kind of method to control the liquid that contact with the clean surface, control speed that liquid absorbs and the flow that enters the absorbed layer core material simultaneously.
For the purposes of the present disclosure, cleaning pad " on " layer is one deck far away with respect to surface to be cleaned (when promptly using herein relatively more near the position of utensil handle).On the contrary, term D score layer is meant from surface to be cleaned more approaching relatively one deck (, during use relatively away from the position of handle) promptly herein.Equally, with respect to absorbed layer, scrubbing layer is the layer under preferably, and is to be in last layer with respect to the scrubbing layer absorbed layer.In the time of referring to multiple layer, " going up " is similar (for example, when scrubbing layer is two heavy material) with " down " in use.According to the rank order of layer (for example, ground floor, the second layer and the 3rd layer), ground floor is the layer of " down " with respect to the second layer.Conversely, the 3rd layer is the layer of " going up " with respect to the second layer.Term " on " and D score be the relative position that is used for describing two or three material on the cleaning pad thickness.For instance, if material B than on the materials A position more near scrubbing layer, just say materials A material B it " on ".Same, material B is at the D score of materials A in this example.
Except as otherwise noted, all documents and reference book all are incorporated herein by reference herein.All parts, ratio and the percentage of patent specification and claims all by weight, employed all numerals all are the algnment accuracies with this area.
Now introduce the reference of the preferred embodiment of the invention in detail, embodiment is described with the annex chart, wherein same numeral is represented same parts in whole view, then two identical reference numerals (such as, 20 and 120) parts like the representation class.
On the one hand, the present invention and the coupling of hard-surface cleaning assembly preferably are used in combination with cleaning pad and/or the cleaning apparatus described herein, comprising:
(a) can be randomly, about 0.001% weight to about 0.5% surfactant is preferably selected from alkyl polysaccharide, alkyl ethoxylate, basic sulfonate, and composition thereof;
(b) can be randomly, hydrophilic polymer is preferably less than the weight of 0.5% component;
(c) can be randomly, organic solvent, be preferably composition weight about 0.25% to about 7%, preferably its boiling point is about 120 ℃ to about 180 ℃;
(d) can be randomly, about 0.01% to about 1% of monobasic or polybasic carboxylic acid composition weight;
(e) can be randomly, the odor control agent composition weight about 0.01% to about 1%, preferably select cyclodextrin for use;
(f) can be randomly, the peroxide source composition weight about 0.05% to about 5%, be preferably selected from benzoyl peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, and composition thereof;
(g) can be randomly, dense fluidized polymer composition weight be about 0.001% to about 0.1%;
(h) aqueous solvent system, composition weight at least about 80%;
(i) can be randomly, foam inhibitor;
(j) can be randomly, perfume composition weight about 0.005% to about 0.2%, comprising:
(i) can be randomly, about 0.05% to about 90% of volatile, hydrophilic fragrance material weight;
(ii) can be randomly, volatile, hydrophobic fragrance material weight at least about 0.2%;
(iii) can randomly be less than about 10% of nonvolatile, hydrophilic fragrance material weight;
(iv) be less than about 10% of nonvolatile, hydrophobic fragrance material weight;
(k) can be randomly, a kind of aucillary detergent is preferably selected from soil release characteristics synergist, buffer, anticorrisive agent, antiseptic, colouring agent, bleaching agent, chelating agent, enzyme, cosolvent, corrosion inhibitor, and composition thereof.
In one embodiment, the present invention is a kind of preferred disposable cleaning pad that is used for cleaning of hard surfaces, and this cleaning pad comprises:
(a) at least one absorbed layer;
(b) can be randomly, the scrubbing layer that liquid can penetrate; Wherein the liquid scrubbing layer that can penetrate is preferably the aperture formed film, and more preferably macroscopic view enlarges has taper or infundibulate aperture and/or surface imperfection and preferably include the three-dimensional plastic net of hydrophobic material;
(c) can be randomly, a subsidiary layer, wherein this subsidiary layer preferably includes clear or translucent material, more preferably saturating clear or translucent polyethylene film, and wherein subsidiary layer preferably includes ring-type and/or hook material so that it is connected with the head support of the handle of cleaning appliance;
(d) can be randomly, the surface of multiple plane;
(e) at least one functional cuffs, preferably at least one free-swimming circular functional cuffs;
(f) can be randomly, density gradient should spread all over an absorbed layer at least; Wherein density gradient preferably includes following state: the density in first absorbed layer is about 0.01 gram/cubic centimetre to about 0.15 gram/cubic centimetre, is preferably about 0.03 gram/cubic centimetre extremely about 0.1 gram/cubic centimetre, 0.04 gram/cubic centimetre about 0.06 gram/cubic centimetre extremely more preferably from about; The second absorbed layer density is about 0.04 gram/cubic centimetre to about 0.2 gram/cubic centimetre, is preferably about 0.1 gram per centimeter extremely about 0.2 gram/cubic centimetre, about 0.12 gram per centimeter about 0.17 gram/cubic centimetre extremely more preferably; Wherein the density of first absorbed layer is less than the about 0.04 gram/cubic centimetre of the density of second absorbed layer, preferred about 0.07 gram/cubic centimetre, 0.1 gram/cubic centimetre more preferably from about;
(g) can randomly have a bonding scouring band at least, preferably include nylon, polyester, polypropylene, friction material, and composition thereof; With
(h) can be randomly, the fragrance carrier bond is preferably selected from cyclodextrin inclusion complex system, the array sachet that declines, and composition thereof, wherein the fragrance carrier bond is preferably placed in the absorber layer.
On the one hand, cleaning pad of the present invention comprises at least two absorbed layers, and wherein absorbed layer has some width and comprises functional cuffs on the z direction, the functional cuffs of preferably free-swimming, double-deck ring-type.The t of cleaning pad 1200Absorbability is at least about 5 gram/grams.
On the other hand, the present invention relates to be used for the preferably disposable cleaning foil of cleaning hard surfaces, described cleaning foil comprises functional cuffs, preferably free-swimming double-deck ring-type functional cuffs.
In the process of exploitation cleaning pad of the present invention and cleaning foil, the applicant finds that an importance of clean-up performance provides a such cleaning pad, this cleaning pad has multiple aperture film, the permeable subsidiary layer of liquid, and/or have density gradient, and/or have functional cuffs and the cleaning foil that functional cuffs is arranged.Under typical clean operation condition (promptly, cleaning pad and/or cleaning foil with they the y direction or the parallel direction of width on moved to and fro), each parts separately still works independently or is used in combination with other one or more parts and the clean-up performance of improvement is provided all for cleaning pad and/or cleaning foil.The multiple aperture formed film is preferred for scrubbing layer, can allow liquid transfer to other layer of cleaning pad effectively from surface to be cleaned by also making liquid, preferably can arrive one or more absorbed layers, to reduce the tendency that this liquid is stressed go back to surface to be cleaned.Functional cuffs is preferably free-swimming, make its can be on the y direction during typical cleaning operation " upset " back and forth, thereby can catch particulate matter and reduce the tendency that these particulate matters deposit to surface to be cleaned again.Density gradient is preferably introduced on the absorbed layer of cleaning pad to make lip-deep liquid to be cleaned be transported on the cleaning pad zone further from surface to be cleaned by " suction " or " capillarity ".Liquid-tight subsidiary layer provides a barrier, and it better is dispersed on the x-y direction liquid when the cleaning pad rear portion that arrives away from cleaning surface.These aspects of the present invention and the advantage that is proposed go through in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The technical staff will appreciate that and can use different raw materials to realize the present invention.Therefore, though the preferred material of different cleaning apparatus, pad and wafer assemblies is described below, we think that scope of the present invention is not limited to these descriptions.
Have been found that with density gradient be combined in unite use with the present invention the whole absorbed layer of cleaning pad to clean-up performance and cleaning pad fast Absorption liquid, comprise that especially the ability of the liquid of particulate matter has material impact.Though density gradient has been used for resembling absorbent articles such as diaper, sanitary napkin, incontinence article, the applicant finds that the concrete density gradient that is used for the cleaning pad absorbed layer has unique effectiveness.The uniqueness of cleaning pad density gradient has following two identifiable reasons at least: the first, and the absorbed layer of cleaning pad need be handled and contain soluble and insoluble component, and suspending components, as the water of undissolved particulate matter.With regard to diaper, sanitary napkin, incontinence article etc., absorbed layer obviously only needs to handle the liquid that contains soluble constituent, as body fluid.The second, the absorbed layer of cleaning pad need overcome gravity and absorb liquid.With regard to diaper, sanitary napkin, incontinence article etc., the absorbed layer typical case utilizes gravity that liquid is sucked, and makes it to be distributed in whole absorbed layer.It is very important that cleaning is lined with enough elastic force, and as described below, enough elastic force can be kept clean-up performance preferably, especially in comprising the cleaning pad of density gradient.The preferred cleaning pad that comprises concrete density gradient described herein, its improvement shows the importance of at least three influences to the clean-up performance of hard surface: infiltration rate (liquid is transferred to the required time of cleaning pad absorbed layer from surface to be cleaned); Dispersibility (for making full use of cleaning pad, absorbed layer is to the wicking capacity of liquid); Wetting power (amount that keep in the absorbed layer and the addle that in cleaning process, can not be squeezed out) again.
On the z of cleaning pad direction, absorbed layer can comprise a single absorbed layer with gradient of continuous density, thereby or has a multi-layer absorber layer that different density causes density gradient.Continuous density gradient is meant that the material that comprises cleaning pad is a homogeneous, but the density difference in whole material.Continuous density gradient preparation method is disclosed in the United States Patent (USP) 4,818,315 of authorizing people such as Hellgren on April 4th, 1989, and this patent is incorporated herein by reference.Preferably, the cleaning pad that uses in conjunction with the present invention comprises by many absorbed layers, optimum selecting three-layer, every layer of density gradient that has different density to produce.When the density of absorbed layer when lower absorbed layer increases to higher absorbed layer, density gradient typically is " by force ".Preferably, cleaning pad of the present invention comprises the density gradient of " by force ", it has rapid absorption ability, can be on z direction and x-y direction liquid being drained effectively better is utilized bedding core, and can reduce the liquid that has absorbed into, particularly those comprise the tendency that the liquid of molten particle not is stressed away.Strong density gradient preferably includes at least two absorbed layers, and the density of first absorbed layer is about 0.01 gram/cubic centimetre to about 0.15 gram/cubic centimetre, preferred extremely about 0.1 gram/cubic centimetre, 0.04 gram per centimeter about 0.06 gram/cubic centimetre extremely more preferably from about of about 0.03 gram/cubic centimetre; The density of second absorbed layer is about 0.04 gram/cubic centimetre to about 0.2 gram/cubic centimetre, preferred about 0.1 gram/cubic centimetre extremely about 0.2 gram/cubic centimetre, 0.12 gram/cubic centimetre about 0.17 gram/cubic centimetre extremely more preferably from about; The density of first absorbed layer is about 0.04 gram/cubic centimetre, preferred about 0.07 gram/cubic centimetre, 0.1 gram/cubic centimetre more preferably from about among the present invention, less than the density of second absorbed layer.
In another embodiment, the density gradient of cleaning pad derives from three absorbed layers, and wherein the density of first absorbed layer is about 0.01 gram/cubic centimetre to about 0.08 gram/cubic centimetre, preferred about 0.03 gram/cubic centimetre about 0.06 gram/cubic centimetre extremely; The density of second absorbed layer is about 0.03 gram/cubic centimetre to about 0.12 gram/cubic centimetre, preferred about 0.07 gram/cubic centimetre about 0.1 gram/cubic centimetre extremely; The density of the 3rd absorbed layer is about 0.05 gram/cubic centimetre to about 0.2 gram/cubic centimetre, preferred about 0.08 gram/cubic centimetre about 0.15 gram/cubic centimetre extremely; Wherein the difference of the difference of first absorbed layer and the second absorbed layer density and second absorbed layer and the 3rd absorbed layer density should be at least 0.02 gram/cubic centimetre, preferred at least 0.04 gram/cubic centimetre.
In another embodiment, cleaning pad comprises that density is the 3rd absorbed layer that first absorbed layer of about 0.05 gram/cubic centimetre, second absorbed layer that density is about 0.1 gram/cubic centimetre and density are about 0.15 gram/cubic centimetre.Have realized that such density gradient can cleaning pad have or do not have on the z direction, have a plurality of width the layer condition under be present in the cleaning pad.
Because density gradient, the porosity of absorbed layer, i.e. the ratio of the pore volume of material and the volume of material reduces the increase with density typically.Porosity is very important, and especially for the cleaning pad that is used for cleaning hard surfaces herein, this is because the liquid typical case that cleaning pad absorbed is contained the larger particles material of appropriate amount.When dirty liquid entered cleaning pad by scrubbing layer, the larger particles material was hunted down in the hole of low absorbed layer.Along with the reduction of absorbed layer porosity and the rising of density, the larger particles material is caught by the more macrovoid of low absorbed layer, and remaining liquid is transferred in the higher absorbed layer.So just make the easier high-density layer of transferring to of liquid, and particulate matter is stayed in the hole of low absorbed layer.Therefore, it is more more effective than the cleaning pad that does not have strong density gradient to absorb the cleaning pad of liquid and particulate matter simultaneously.
When absorbed layer density during less than 0.1 gram/cubic centimetre, the elasticity of described layer trend reduces, and another key property of the cleaning pad of the present invention that this discusses just below.In order to improve the elasticity of a low-density relatively absorbed layer, thermoplastic, preferred bicomponent fibre material can be used for combining with the fiber of absorbed layer.In molten state, the thermoplastic of at least a portion typical case is moved to the crosspoint of fiber because of the gradient of capillary force between fiber.These crosspoints become the binding site of thermoplastic.When cooling, the thermoplastic in these crosspoints solidifies the formation binding site, and fibre substrate or anastomose in each layer are incorporated into together.This is of value to makes cleaning pad have extra overall integrity.Though by known to the people, their typical amounts are less than about 15% in the art for bicomponent fibers.The applicant has been found to be and has obtained desirable elasticity, density less than the absorbed layer of 0.05 gram/cubic centimetre preferably include thermoplastic such as bicomponent fibers at least about 20%, preferably at least about 30%, more preferably at least about 40%.A kind of preferred bicomponent fibers comprises the copolymerization of ethylene bicomponent fibers, and it comprises and be less than about 81% polyethylene three titanates nuclear and be less than 51% copolymerization of ethylene shell that material is available from HoechstCelanese company, trade name CELBOND T-255.
After this will discuss more fully, the present invention is directed to the mop that is used in combination with detachable cleaning foil or cleaning pad on the one hand, cleaning pad or cleaning foil link to each other with the mop head of flexible bottom surface, and a part wherein preferably has the basic stepped profile that is, itself and the interlock of disposable cleaning pad.For simple and clear purpose, the present invention is a floor mop this discussion, but is appreciated that the present invention also is applicable to the mop of other type and has the cleaning foil releasably fixed thereon and the cleaning appliance of cleaning pad.
Referring to Fig. 1 and 2, the mode of the floor mop 20 usefulness illustrations of making according to the present invention is described.Floor mop 20 comprises mop head 22, and it comprises leading edge 24 and trailing edge 26.Term used herein " leading edge " is meant mop head 22 edge farthest, when being moved with direction away from the user, and traction mop head 22.Equally, " trailing edge " speech is meant mop head 22 edge farthest, and when being moved with the direction away from the user, it follows mop head 22 in the back.To most floor mops, leading edge 24 and trailing edge 26 are substantially parallel with the longitudinal axis 28 of mop head 22, and as shown in Figure 1, wherein longitudinal axis 28 is the axles along the length direction of mop head 22.Pivotally connected point such as universal joint 30 make the handle 32 of mop 20 interconnect with mop head 22.Universal joint 30 comprises that two turning cylinders can make handle 32 pivot on direction 36 and 38.Handle 32 is connected with screw thread at node 40 and universal joint 30.Handle 32 can be monobasic structure or comprise three tie points 34,36,38, and they are mutually being threaded, so floor mop 20 can install in the suitable carton box transportation assembling subsequently and uses.Handle portion 38 can have elasticity and elastic anchor, better holds with the user who is fit to floor mop 20.Mop head 22 also can comprise a plurality of accessory structures 42.Accessory structure 42 is configured to can accept near mop head 22 and keep cleaning foil or cleaning pad 44 during use, as shown in Figure 2.Attached structure 42 preferably is arranged on the corner of mop head 22, but that these places can be with mop head 22 size and shape is different and different.The method that attached structure 42 is preferred to be named as with people such as Kingry common unsettled, that submit on August 12nd, 1999 described in its co-inventor's the United States Patent (USP) 09/364,714 is made.This invention is introduced text for your guidance in full.Floor mop 20 preferably is used in combination with disposable cleaning sheet 44, and cleaning foil 44 usefulness have the attached structure 42 of slit, link to each other with mop head 22 removably.In another embodiment of the present invention, supporting head part that mop 20 comprises a handle 32, be connected with handle by universal joint 30 or mop head 22 and keep the container 34 of fluid communication with the liquid delivery system.This system preferably includes at least one nozzle 25 that is connected with mop head 22.Be described in that such arrangement is to announce on March 30th, 1999, as to authorize people such as the Ping United States Patent (USP) 5,888,006, its content all is incorporated herein by reference.
Cleaning foil or cleaning pad can have the form of weaving or adhesive-bonded fabric, can absorb liquid equably or have the absorption density of step, and this will more fully discuss afterwards.
Referring to Figure 4 and 5 and according to one aspect of the present invention, pad 48 have stepped design and can adhesive attachment in the bottom of mop head 22, be described with illustration.Among Fig. 4, a pad that comprises the stepped design of two front parts 148 and 248 illustrates with illustration.Among Fig. 5, a pad that comprises the stepped design of three front parts 148,248 and 348 illustrates with illustration.Certainly, the pad of stepped design of the present invention is not limited to contain two or three front parts.Those skilled in the art know that other staged cleaning pad also is applicable to the present invention, for example have only front parts stepped design pad or contain pad more than the stepped design of three front parts.Preferred most the bottom surface of pad 48 and at least a portion of cleaning foil 44 engages in the use, as shown in Figure 5.
As described in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the bottom surface of pad 48 has contour shape, profile size and gap, makes mop head repeat to do oscillating motion in use.Be not subjected to any theory constraint, it is believed that mop 20 is when motion is cleaned in simple lasting doing forward and/or backward, the width 153 of contact-making surface 152 can repeat mop around contact-making surface 152 " waving " or " pivoting " or " rotation ", increase cleaning foil or the cleaning pad 44 direct surfaces that contact with dirt on the ground with this, or under the situation of " washing ", increase the area that contacts with the liquid that sprays on the ground.Therefore, this oscillating motion makes collection repeat contact along with the lower surface of thin slice and hard surface to be cleaned and separates, and can carry out on the surface area of the more vast scale of cleaning foil 44.The bottom surface cross-sectional profiles that phrase used herein " contact surface " is meant mop head 22 or cleaning foil 44 was cut the part of summit, bottom surface contact by straight line 56, and its cathetus 56 is vertical substantially with the lateral shaft 58 of mop head 22.
In one embodiment, the pad of stepped design obtains by adding front parts 148 with fixative on pad 48, and fixative can be adhesive, double-faced adhesive tape, Velcro Or other fixative as known in the art.Stepped design also can obtain by directly cast the front parts in the casting process of pad 48 and mop head 22, so it is permanent built-in.Preferably, the width of front parts is less than the width of mop head.In another embodiment of the invention, the front parts occupy the center of mop head, so mop head can axially move forwards or backwards equally.In another embodiment of the invention, stepped shape obtains by connecting in mop head or casting a plurality of fronts parts.The edge that is appreciated that these facade elements can be foursquare, circular, horn shape, structure or its any combination.The surface 152,252,352 towards being cleaned the floor of these front parts generally is flat, but noncontinuous surface can be employed and have same effect too.For example, these discontinuous shapes may exist with forms such as grid, projection, holes, and same effect can be used and have to the discontinuous shape of all the other kinds also.The front parts can be made with the material of different attribute.For example, these front parts can be made by general non deformable material.In another embodiment, all front parts can be made by general deformable material, and those materials comprise as filling body of foam, sponge, polyester filler, gel or liquid etc.Deformable material can be defined as anyly washes that (about 0.1 to 0.2 pound/square inch) loses its shape temporarily under the pressure normally dragging, and at the material that when pressure discharges, recovers their original-shape.Use the stronger material of morphotropism to form the front parts to when absorption pad is cleaned on the surface; the soakage that causes pump-absorb action to increase liquid by improved rocking action is very useful; because these materials easy deformation more when back and forth scouring of cleaning equipment; can also provide damping to protect ground to avoid possible damage; and cleaning is more prone to; particularly when use be thin pad or cleaning pad the time, thin pad or the absorption of cleaning pad nuclear core are narrower than the width of mop head or dedusting sheet.In another embodiment, general non deformable material is used in combination to make different front parts with deformable material.The combination front parts of being made by the material of different attribute can improve or improve the ability of mop head with respect to surperficial axially-movable to be cleaned.Mop head 22 and universal joint 26 preferred with ABS type polymer (as, come from terpolymer of acrylonitrile), polypropylene or other plastic material etc. prepare with injection moulding.Pad 48 and each independent front parts of stepped design can prepare with method of molding with polyurethane, perhaps use ABS type polymer (as, come from terpolymer of acrylonitrile), polypropylene or other plastic material etc. prepare with injection moulding.Mop handle 32 can use aluminium, plastics or other structural material to make.
The content of authorizing people's such as Policicchio United States Patent (USP) 6,101,661 is incorporated herein by reference, this patent disclosure a kind of cleaning pad that comprises the surface on a plurality of planes that contact with surface to be cleaned.In such cleaning pad, the thickness that forms all layers that absorb bottom enough produces desirable oscillating motion.Yet it is believed that this cleaning pad and improved cleaning appliance are used in combination to produce further improves and/or obtains optimized cleaning pad, it is thinner and/or make the pad optimization that optimized cleaning pad can be manufactured, and wherein thinner the and/or absorbability that can make of cleaning pad is lower.Make the thinner and absorbability of cleaning pad lower particularly useful when making those so-called " light-duty " pad.Less thereby need the less client of the area of cleaning concerning those houses, light-duty spacer has certain benefit.For these clients, the standard clean pad with several layers of absorbent material has too much " absorbability ", absorbability be defined as filling up before saturated the solution of absorbent maximum.Though it is useful making " light-duty pad ", reduces the absorbability of pad and make it attenuation and may produce greatly influence the cleaning function and the performance of cleaning pad.For example reduce absorbability and can cause lower " absorption efficiency ", absorption efficiency be defined as filling up the solution of specified rate and given time of contact a following absorbent solution amount.In addition, because fill up do very thin, " oscillating motion " during scouring obtained reduction.This is because reduction of " axle point " height causes, and " axle point " is defined as the core and clearance distance away from the marginal portion of the pad on ground of the pad of kiss the earth.Stepped design in the bottom surface of mop head, it is believed that the axle point highly results from mop head rather than the pad, the axle point height that the stepped design of mop head combines with the stepped design of pad and produces is than United States Patent (USP) 6,101,661 disclosed cleaning pads have more superiority.
It also is very favourable that the improved cleaning appliance that mop head has a pad of stepped design is used in combination with the cleaning pad that comprises functional cuffs.It is believed that more effective oscillating motion makes functional cuffs roll more freely or move forward and backward when cleaning.This is the result who oneself rolls because functional cuffs has obtained more space.
As mentioned above, a target of the present invention is to improve the cleaning efficiency of cleaning pad, and cleaning efficiency can interrelate with the absorption efficiency of cleaning pad.The absorption efficiency that improves in order to measure has been carried out following test.
Be used to measure the method for the absorption efficiency of the cleaning pad that is used in combination with improved cleaning appliance:
Surface test
Porcelain floor and finished in advance floorboards of wood are tested, be determined at the situation under the quality requirements of different floors.Resulting Different Results can partly be interpreted as because different " wettabilities " in surface, and such fact, the ceramic tile that promptly is used for this test has grouting line (6 mm wides * 3 millimeters deep), wherein solution can be resident, thereby owing to the reduction that contacts on cleaning pad and surface makes the absorption of cleaning pad difficult more.Test area is 5 * 1 square metres ceramic tile surface and 5 * 1 square metres finished timber.
Test plan
In this test, have the mop head and mop head of plain cushion with stepped design, measure in conjunction with two kinds of different " standard clean pads " with different characteristic and a kind of " light-duty cleaning pad " respectively.The pad of stepped design comprise one with the mop head bottom centre front parts of bonding connection substantially.The actual size of front parts is that 25 mm wides * 265 millimeters long * 1 is millimeter high.These front parts are connected the bottom of the mop head of 114 mm wides * 265 millimeters long.The mop head of flat mop head and stepped design measure-alike, different is that it does not comprise the front parts.
Test employed standard clean pad comprise have different in width, three absorbed layers of length and thickness.First and second standard pad also comprise the functional cuffs of different pairs " ring-type "." light-duty " cleaning pad comprises the functional cuffs of two absorbed layers and a pair of ring-type, to be used for those of second " standard clean pad " similar.The logarithm that is used for the functional cuffs of second standard pad and light-duty pad will be done detailed description in the back.
Below chart provided two " standard " cleaning pads being used for this test and the characteristic of " light-duty " pad:
First " standard " pad Second " standard " pad Light-duty pad
First absorbed layer (layer of the formation on close ground) width (millimeter) length (millimeter) thickness (millimeter) ?? ?? ????64 ????300 ????5 ?? ?? ??64 ??300 ??3 ?? ?? ??64 ??300 ??3
Second absorbed layer width (millimeter) length (millimeter) thickness (millimeter) ?? ????88 ????300 ????3.5 ?? ??88 ??300 ??3.5 Do not have
Storage absorbed layer (layer that the most close mop head forms) width (millimeter) length (millimeter) thickness (millimeter) ?? ?? ????120 ????300 ????1.5 ?? ?? ?? ??120 ??300 ??1.5 ?? ?? ?? ??120 ??300 ??1.5
Pad gross thickness (millimeter) pivot total height (millimeter) ?? ????10.0 ????8.5 ?? ??8 ??6.5 ?? ??4.5 ??3.0
Cover the floor slice design of absorbed layer The film that the aperture is shaped The film that the aperture is shaped The film that the aperture is shaped
The functional cuffs design The cotton polyester of the hygromorphism plain weave of 60gsqm circumvolution The ventilative polyethylene of cuff 30gsqm in the film of layer aperture: the outer cuff of double component polyester The ventilative polyethylene of cuff 30 gsqm in the film of double-deck aperture: the outer cuff of double component polyester
Total absorptive capacity (milliliter) ????250 ???250 ???125
(the propoxyl group propyl alcohol solvent by 2%, 0.01% non-ionic surface active agent and 0.005 NaOH are formed to use 10 milliliters cleaning solution on first test zone of 1 square metre, the pH value is 10.5), cleaning solution is evenly distributed on the whole 1 square metre zone.The pad Velcro of the drying of weighing in advance Be connected the bottom of mop head utensil.From the left side of test zone, cleaning apparatus to and fro wiping 14 times up to the end that reaches the right.Next the right from test zone begins to the left side, with cleaning appliance back and forth wiping 14 times once more.Then, the personnel that test move on on another test zone of 1 square metre and repeat identical program.Be used altogether when 50 milliliters of liquid altogether dry on 5 square metres the ground and with cleaning pad after, test is finished, and cleaning pad is weighed once more.Being calculated as follows of absorption efficiency: the quantity of determining to be cleaned solution pad absorbing multiply by 100 then and is converted into percentage with respect to using ground 50 milliliters ratio.
The result
We find that with respect to flat standard mop head, when using the mop head wiping of stepped design, the absorption efficiency of two " standard " cleaning pads and " light-duty " cleaning pad has all improved.The pad of using by observation post after the test of every kind of mop head, stepped design has not only produced more significant axial height and better cuff motion as mentioned above obviously, and stepped design also produced the pressure span at the core of cleaning pad, and this can make cleaning solution be absorbed from the center rather than the leading edge of pad.Therefore, each tested cleaning pad can both absorb the liquid of bigger amount, so the cleaning efficiency of these cleaning pads has improved.Observed result illustrates with schematic diagram in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.The cleaning pad that is to use flat mop head test that Fig. 6 represents is to the absorption of dirty solution, and the cleaning pad of the mop head test that is to use stepped design that Fig. 7 represents is to the absorption of dirty solution.The different layers that forms the absorbing material of cleaning pad can produce density gradient in the central area of pad.Therefore, these cleaning pads absorb manyly to the central area.The mop head of stepped design has been optimized and has been passed through the absorption of the central area of pad to liquid, this is because the solution that sprays on the ground is forced through the absorption of cleaning pad core and uses density gradient towards z direction and the diffusion of x-y direction to optimize, as Fig. 8 and shown in Figure 9.Fig. 8 represents is solution motion (Sm) to the cleaning pad that comprises three absorbed layers (higher layer density higher (Hd), lower layer density lower (Ld)) with flat mop head.What Fig. 9 represented is solution comprises motion from the cleaning pad of three absorbed layers (higher layer has higher density, and lower layer density is lower) to the mop head with stepped design.The flat design of mop head makes absorption point move to the leading edge of cleaning pad, and the advantage that cleaning is lined with density gradient has significantly been reduced.
A key character of preferred cleaning pad and/or cleaning foil is to comprise one or more improved functional cuffs among the present invention.The applicant finds that functional cuffs has been improved the clean-up performance of traditional cleaning pad and cleaning foil and cleaning pad of the present invention and cleaning foil.Functional cuffs has improved the particle capacity gauge of traditional cleaning pad and cleaning foil and cleaning pad of the present invention and cleaning foil.
The cleaning pad that comprises functional cuffs has been done illustration in Fig. 1, Figure 11 and Figure 12.Figure 10 is the perspective view of cleaning pad 200 that comprises the functional cuffs 207 of free-swimming, ring-type.The functional cuffs 207 of ring-type has two surfaces 209 and 211.In typical cleaning method, such as dragging and wiping, cleaning pad 200 is at surperficial upper edge Y to be cleaned fDirection moves ahead, then along Y bDirection retreats.Along with cleaning pad 200 at Y fMove on the direction, functional cuffs 207 upsets make its 211 to contact with surface to be cleaned.Particulate matter on the surface to be cleaned is adsorbed on 211 of functional cuffs 207.When cleaning pad 200 at Y bWhen mobile, functional cuffs 207 upsets make its another face 209 contact with surface to be cleaned on the direction.Originally by the particulate matter of 211 absorption, will between the layer 201 of the surface 211 of functional cuffs 207 and cleaning pad 200, be hunted down.Other particulate matter also can be adsorbed in the surface 209 of functional cuffs 207.
Figure 11 and Figure 12 with graphic formal specification comprise the cleaning pad 400 of two free-swimming, closed functional cuffs 411 and 413, similar to functional cuffs among Figure 10 207.In typical cleaning method, cleaning pad 400 is along Y fDirection is crossed hard surface and is moved, thus functional cuffs 411 and 413 the upset face 417 and 425 is contacted with surface to be cleaned can the adsorption particle material.Cleaning pad 400 is along Y then bDirection is crossed hard surface and is moved, and causes that functional cuffs 411 makes face 419 contact with surface to be cleaned with 423 with 413 upsets.Be hunted down between face 425 and scrubbing layer 401 by the particulate matter of 425 absorption.Face 419 and 423 can adsorb the more particles material from surface to be cleaned then.When cleaning pad 400 along Y fDirection is crossed hard surface when mobile backward, and adsorbed extra particulate matter is hunted down between face 423 and scrubbing layer 401.Functional cuffs is connected as a single entity with the cleaning pad of the layer that contains a plurality of width on the z direction, as shown in figure 12, the height of functional cuffs (being the functional cuffs of full extension on the z direction) thus enough make greatly when functional cuffs during the ply that it can be the narrowest with width to the center line upset of cleaning pad.What Figure 11 represented is the cleaning pad 400 that comprises two functional cuffs 411 and 413, and wherein functional cuffs 411 and 413 can both be to the center line upset of cleaning pad, and this is preferred to cleaning pad 400 packings are used for selling again.The action of cuff is shown in Figure 13 and 14, and it has shown that mop is along Y fDirection is forward with along Y bWhen direction was mobile backward, the cuff 207 how big particle is connected on cleaning pad or the cleaning foil 44 was caught.
When the cleaning pad that comprises functional cuffs and/or cleaning foil on hard surface back and forth during wiping, functional cuffs from one side to another side " upset " or " rolling ", thereby adsorb and catch particulate matter.Cleaning pad and cleaning foil with functional cuffs demonstrate the ability that can better adsorb and catch the larger particles material, this typical case occurs on the hard surface, and have reduced drop once more tendency on surface to be cleaned of these particulate matters.Except collecting the bigger particle, cuff is also helping the solution diffusion and is eliminating the line that forms owing to the texture structure on the floor, thereby is playing an important role aspect the formation that reduces striped between dry period to greatest extent.The characteristic of this help solution diffusion is even more important for the cleaning appliance of " wet ", because spray solution is in concentrated especially zone in this case, has lower dosage or surface humidity more usually with the system of routine, uses the absorption pad wiping then.Because dosage is lower and concentrate on the zone that the sprinkler width covers, pad need make dirt loose, and absorbs with controllable speed.If pad absorbs too soon, will form dried stain when mopping floor, this produces striped in the time of will causing doing pad wiping dirt face.When the outer side of cuff was made of non-woven material, the cuff typical case can absorb some liquid between the fiber slit of forming non-woven material.The liquid that is absorbed by cuff is released in the motion that mops floor subsequently, thereby helps liquid to distribute more equably, and the striped of generation reduces to minimum will mop floor with dried cleaning pad the time.As noted earlier, with the dried cleaning pad striped that produces that mops floor is because pad absorbs too fast, especially when the dosage of solution very low or solution be actually lower frequency interval spray (for example, 2 square metres of frequencies of spraying have at interval been adopted, and the frequency of the sprinkling of suggestion is 1/2 square metre of interval, because this is about width that the spray modes typical case covers).When the cuff of leading edge forward mop floor during motion towards the center or the cuff of trailing edge backward mop floor during motion towards the center time, the solution distribution character that cuff provided also is further enhanced.
When cuff was faced the center of pad, floor slice had been cut off with contacting of the floor that is covered by cuff.Pad has been reduced by the absorbability of the part that cuff covers, and this is because liquid before entering nuclear core absorbed layer, need pass a plurality of layers (liquid need penetrate the thin layer of poroid shaping potential in the layer that forms cuff and the cleaning pad).
As previously described, cuff is at " catching " bulky grain, hair and Soft flocks and sprawl aspects such as solution and play an important role.These characteristics are very crucial to the overall performance of cleaning pad.Equally as previously described, do up and down mop floor that cuff seesaws during motion the time cuff function be optimized.In order to optimize this ability that moves forward and backward of cuff, found that the characteristics (outside is meant the part on cuff actual contact ground when mopping floor) of outside cuff should be different with the characteristics (part of cuff and self friction when inside is meant and mops floor) of inner cuff.Found design, when the inside of cuff and self friction, lower frictional force or " sliding force " have been arranged, higher friction power or " sliding force " have been arranged when the outside of cuff and ground friction for the cuff of an optimization.The difference of frictional force has caused causing that material slides or the mobile strength that needs varying level.Cuff preferably can move around freely, is easy to greater than disconnecting cuff inside and self the instantaneous strength that is connected because disconnect the strength of the instantaneous connection between cuff outside and the ground.
Functional cuffs can comprise different materials, those materials surround polyester, the polypropylene of spunbond, polyethylene, cotton, the polypropylene of formula including, but not limited to the film of poroid shaping, polypropylene, artificial silk or polyester, the water of combing through combing machine for fur, and blend.In the place of using free-swimming cuff, the material of functional cuffs should have enough rigidity, so that cuff can be from one side to another side " upset ", rather than rotates own flattening or around oneself.Material that can be by using high basic weight (as, basic weight be higher than about 30 grams/square metre) increase the rigidity of functional cuffs, perhaps add other material such as plain weave cotton, adhesive, artificial rubber, rubber belt, foam, sponge, scrubbing layer waits and improves rigidity, perhaps material is pressed onto together.Preferably, functional cuffs comprises that water surrounds the formula bottom, and it includes but not limited to polyester, cotton, polypropylene, and composition thereof, its basic weight be at least 20 grams/square metre and have the plain weave cotton material to make it hardening.
In order to determine which type of material is suitable for obtaining the cuff with desired characteristic described above most, we have carried out following test.
Determine the material of inner cuff:
Below test is used for determining that any material shows the resistance of minimum when rub with himself under drying regime and moisture state.
Method of testing:
Equipment: the weights (2 centimetres of circumference 6 cm x thickness), bottom, solution of dynamometer (intermediate frequency Shimpo dynamometer 0-2 pound (0.9072 kilogram)), 500 grams (0.04% surfactant, 2% solvent soluble in water), adhesive tape
Step:
1. prepare the bottom sample to be measured of 20 centimetres wide * 30 centimeter length.Then the part of material is strained on test surfaces and fixed with adhesive tape with the material of representing the supine the inside of cuff part.
2. another sample with same material is cut into 12 * 12 square centimeters, with this sample with representing the ventricumbent the inside of cuff part to twine and be fixed on adhesive tape on the weights of 6 centimetres of girths.
3. with a pen, doing a mark (representative starting point) with trailing edge front 2.5 centimeters of the fixing bottom of adhesive tape, 20 centimeters are done another mark (representative terminal point) before first mark.
4. the circular weights that twines bottom places before the initial.Dynamometer is connected with circular weights and makes reading is zero.Then, slowly promote weights forward, up to mark by 20 centimetres with constant speed.The reading of record dynamometer.It is inferior that commaterial is repeated this step 3.This test is referred to as the slip on dry course.
5. wet and slippery moving for measuring, be included in ten the complete cleaning solution spray application (about 10 milliliters) on the bottom that is fixed on test surfaces with adhesive tape in the bottle, the once complete spray application of same solution is on the test limit that is wrapped in the bottom on the weights.
6. once more, the weights with bottom places before the initial and tightly pushes down.Dynamometer links to each other with circular weights and makes reading is zero.Then, slowly promote weights forward, up to mark by 20 centimetres with constant speed.The reading of record dynamometer.It is inferior that commaterial is repeated this step 3.This test is referred to as the slip on wet bottom.
Report in the test result table one hereinafter:
Table 1
Example The material of testing on the same material: Dried sliding force-pound (kilogram) (three repetition mean value) Wet and slippery power-pound (kilogram) repeats mean value three times)
??1 The poroid formed film of 20gsqm (wide infundibulate DRIWEAVE film-back representative test contact-making surface)- 0.7 (0.3175) standard deviation 0.05 (0.0227) 0.25 (0.1134) standard deviation 0
??2 The poroid formed film of 20gsqm (narrow infundibulate DRIWEAVE film-sunny side representative test contact-making surface) 2.4 (1.0886) standard deviation 0.05 (0.0227) 2.0 (0.9072) standard deviation 0.04 (0.0181)
??3 The poroid formed film of 20gsqm diplopore footpath size (wide infundibulate DRIWEAVE film-back representative test contact-making surface) 1.0 (0.4536) standard deviation 0.05 (0.0227) 0.5 (0.2268) standard deviation 0
??4 The poroid formed film of 20gsqm diplopore footpath size (narrow infundibulate DRIWEAVE film-sunny side representative test contact-making surface)- 1.5 (0.6804) standard deviation 0.05 (0.0227) 2.2 (0.9979) standard deviation 0.04 (0.0181)
??5 Bonding polyester (use adhesive) when 20gsqm spins 0.38 (0.1724) standard deviation 0.03 (0.0136) 0.35 (0.1588) standard deviation 0.03 (0.0136)
??6 20gsqm aperture film, code PF/12 (back representative test contact-making surface) 0.7 (0.3175) standard deviation 0.05 (0.0227) 0.35 (0.158) standard deviation 0.01 (0.0045)
??7 20gsqm aperture film, code PF/12 (sunny side representative test contact-making surface) 1.8 (0.8165) standard deviation 0.05 (0.0227) 1.2 (0.5443) standard deviation 0.03 (0.0136)
??8 The 20gsqm polyethylene film 1.0 (0.4536) standard deviation 0.05 (0.0227) 0.3 (0.1361) standard deviation 0.01 (0.0045)
??9 The polypropylene process that 20gsqm combed through combing machine for fur 0.65 (0.2948) standard deviation 0.01 (0.0045) 0.67 (0.3039) standard deviation 0.03 (0.0136)
??10 Polyester-the FlowClean of 40gsqm aciculiform perforation 0.68 (0.3084) standard deviation 0.04 (0.0181) 0.78 (0.3538) standard deviation 0.03 (0.0136)
??11 40gsqm water encloses the polyester of formula 0.88 (0.3992) standard deviation 0.03 (0.0136) 0.85 (0.3856) standard deviation 0.05 (0.0227)
??12 50gsqm encloses the polyester of formula towards the water of one side of test surfaces and the cotton lamination of 10gsqm polypropylene plain weave 0.67 (0.3039) standard deviation 0.03 (0.0136) 0.55 (0.2495) standard deviation 0.01 (0.0045)
??13 Gummed polyester+polyethylene that 30gsqm is ventilative: double component polyester 0.85 (0.3856) standard deviation 0.03 (0.0136) 0.85 (0.3856) standard deviation 0.02 (0.0091)
Determine the material of outside cuff:
Below test is used for determining that any material shows maximum resistance when rubbing with other surface (simulating hard surface to be cleaned) under drying regime and moisture state.Level and smooth a, ceramic tile glossiness, glazing is selected as test surfaces because of it is very smooth.
Method of testing:
Equipment: dynamometer (weights (2 centimetres of girth 6 cm x thickness), bottom, solution (0.04% surfactant of intermediate frequency Shimpo dynamometer 0-2 pound (0.9072 kilogram), 500 grams, 2% solvent is soluble in water), adhesive tape, 13 inches * 13 inches of porcelain floor tiles (33 * 33 centimetres), what select for use is Italian glazed brick, is made by Valentino Kerastone Ceramiche Piemme-41053Maranello Italy.
Step:
1. ceramic tile is placed on the test surfaces, be fixed to prevent that it from moving with the two sides adhesive tape.
2. material sample to be measured is cut into 12 * 12cm 2Sample.Twine and fix the weights of 6 centimetres of girths then with adhesive tape with the part of representing the outer cover hoop material of kiss the earth down.
3. with a pen, do a mark (representative starting point) in the trailing edge front of the bottom of being fixed 2.5 centimeters, another mark (representative terminal point) is done in 20 centimetres place in first mark front.
4. the circular weights that is twined by bottom places before the initial.Dynamometer links to each other with circular weights, and to make reading be zero.Then, slowly promote weights forward up to its mark with constant speed by 20 centimeters.The reading of record dynamometer.It is inferior that commaterial is repeated this step 3.This test is referred to as the slip on the dry course.
5. wet and slippery moving for measuring, be included in ten the complete cleaning solution spray application (about 10 milliliters) on the bottom that is fixed on test surfaces with adhesive tape in the bottle, the once complete spray application of same solution is on the test limit that is wrapped in the bottom on the weights.
6. once more, weights and bottom place before the initial and tightly push down.Dynamometer links to each other with circular weights and makes reading is zero.Then, slowly promote weights forward up to its mark with constant speed by 20 centimeters.The reading of record dynamometer.It is inferior that commaterial is repeated this step 3.This test is referred to as the slip on wet bottom.
Test result is reported in the table 2 hereinafter:
Table 2
Embodiment The material limit of Ce Dinging from the teeth outwards Dried sliding force-pound (kilogram) (three repetition mean value) Wet and slippery power-pound (kilogram) repeats mean value three times)
??1 20gsqm aperture formed film ??1.2(0.5443) ??0.3(0.1361)
(wide infundibulate DRIWEAVE film-back representative test contact-making surface)- Standard deviation 0.05 (0.0227) Standard deviation 0
????2 20gsqm aperture formed film (narrow infundibulate DRIWEAVE film-sunny side representative test contact-making surface)- 2.2 (0.9979) standard deviation 0.05 (0.0227) 0.8 (0.3629) standard deviation 0.01 (0.0045)
????3 The poroid formed film of 20gsqm diplopore footpath size (wide infundibulate DRIWEAVE film-back representative test contact-making surface) 1.2 (0.5443) standard deviation 0.05 (0.02227) 0.5 (0.2268) standard deviation 0
????4 The poroid formed film of 20gsqm diplopore footpath size (narrow infundibulate DRIWEAVE film-sunny side representative test contact-making surface) 2.4 (1.0886) standard deviation 0.05 (0.0227) 1.8 (0.8165) standard deviation 0.04 (0.0181)
????5 Bonding polyester Remay (use adhesive) when 20gsqm spins 0.9 (0.4082) standard deviation 0.03 (0.0136) 0.3 (0.1361) standard deviation 0.03 (0.0136)
????6 20gsqm aperture film, code PF/12 (back representative test contact-making surface) 1.3 (0.5897) standard deviation 0.05 (0.0227) 0.4 (0.1814) standard deviation 0.01 (0.0045)
????7 20gsqm aperture film code PF/12 (sunny side representative test contact-making surface) 1.7 (0.7711) standard deviation 0.05 (0.0227) 0.7 (0.3175) standard deviation 0.01 (0.0045)
????8 The 20gsqm polyethylene film 2.0 (0.9072) standard deviation 0.05 (0.0227) 0.35 (0.1588) standard deviation 0.01 (0.0045)
????9 20gsqm combed through combing machine for fur ??1.5(0.6804) ??0.3(0.1361)
Polyacrylic method Standard deviation 0.04 (0.0181) Standard deviation 0.03 (0.0136)
????10 Polyester-the FlowCleanEM2000 of 40gsqm aciculiform perforation 1.5 (0.6804) standard deviation 0.03 (0.0136) 0.6 (0.2722) standard deviation 0.03 (0.0136)
????11 40gsqm water surrounds the polyester of formula 1.0 (0.4536) standard deviation 0.03 (0.0136) 0.6 (0.2722) standard deviation 0.03 (0.0136)
????12 50gsqm towards the water of one side of test surfaces and the cotton lamination of 10gsqm polypropylene plain weave surround the formula polyester- 0.8 (0.3629) standard deviation 0.03 (0.0136) 0.65 (0.2948) standard deviation 0.01 (0.0045)
????13 30gsqm bonded polyester+the polyethylene of breathing freely: double component polyester 0.65 (0.2948) standard deviation 0.03 (0.0136) 0.6 (0.2722) standard deviation 0.02 (0.0091)
Find that the material that shows among the embodiment 1,3,5,6 and 8 has good properties as the internal sleeve hoop material, because during test, as shown in table 1, material and storeroom demonstrate lower sliding force value, thereby frictional force is lower.The back is at interior exemplary aperture film (as embodiment 1,3, shown in 6) to form inner cuff, and perhaps nonporous film (as shown in Example 8) is preferred internal sleeve hoop material.Alternative in addition material can be a non-woven material, and wherein fiber is coated by the chemicals of height or adhesive coating or adhesive and makes structure level and smooth, shown in embodiment 5.
In double-deck ferrule designs, the material shown in embodiment 10,11,12 and 13 has good properties as the outer cover hoop material, because when test, as shown in table 2, outside cuff demonstrates higher sliding force value, thereby frictional force is higher.These materials typical case is a non-woven material, and they have left over many free fibers in forming process.In addition, fibre substrate have to a certain degree integrality and the space of capillary, this be (rotate bonding, melt-blown or combing) because heat bonding, the combination of different melting points fiber (bicomponent fibers of inserting by air dryer) or twine formation such as (waterpower embossing).The free fiber and the space structure of capillary can absorb liquid, and it is one of higher reason of frictional force when contacting the wetland face.The non-woven material of thermal makes too much fiber be fixed by embossing style closely among the embodiment 9.This has just stayed wandering fibre and capillary space seldom, thereby shows relatively poor sliding force when causing the test of outside cuff.The characteristics of the wandering fibre in these materials also help providing the hook that adheres to for bigger dirt such as velveteen, hair and dust (catching the key function that these dirts are cuffs) etc.
Though cuff can be made by two kinds of different material laminations, also be possible by selecting a kind of material that superperformance arranged to use the plain weave cotton to form an effective cuff in internal edges as outside cuff.Such material is shown in embodiment 12, wherein one side of plain weave cotton is tested as inner cuff, the wet and slippery power of material and storeroom is 0.55 pound of (0.2495 kilogram) power, and when reverse side was tested as outside cuff, the wet and slippery power between material and surface was 0.65 pound (0.2948 kilogram).Also can form a kind of cuff of unitary construction, its FS fiber is capped, handle the material of back gained and the wet and slippery power of storeroom like this and reduced one side method is carry out chemical treatment, bonding, polymerization or its combination at cuff.In addition, also find also can be used to form the individual layer cuff as embodiment 1-2, embodiment 3-4, the described special poroid film of embodiment 6-7 in table 1 and the table 2.In double-deck ferrule designs, typically, the shiny surface of aperture film (being often referred to the back) is inwardly placed, because the frictional force (wet and slippery power) of such material and storeroom is minimum.Reverse side (referring to that sunny side on one side) typical case has form outstanding in processing or perforation procedure, this makes its quality more coarse, thereby causes the frictional force (wet and slippery power) of higher material and storeroom.In fact, the material of the part that the quality of described poroid film is coarse and the sliding force between the surface are higher than the frictional force (wet and slippery power) of the back part material and the storeroom of this film.Embodiment 1 in comparison sheet 1 and the table 2 and embodiment 2, embodiment 3 and embodiment 4, embodiment 6 and embodiment 7 as can be seen each relatively in the back have the lower frictional force (wet and slippery power) in uniformity ground with respect to sunny side.This makes these materials be suitable for the ferrule designs of single entry.Especially, we find that this material is very favourable to the application on the surface to be cleaned that needs cleaning.The coarse structure of sunny side also helps catching velveteen, hair and dirt, also find its part or all of outer surface spraying, coating, screen printing etc. and adhesive phase, chemical treatment etc. have also been improved these performances and/or improved frictional force (wet and slippery power) between material and surface, if necessary.Alternatively, other the good material that can be used as outside cuff comprises following material: it has the character as (embodiment 10,11, the 12 and 13) fiber described in table 1 and the table 2, can be connected into band shape, square, circle, rhombus or the like by adhesive connection, thermally coupled, mechanical connection, ultrasonic bond, thereby, the prominent zone of some sun is arranged on scouring face by the outside cuff that the aperture film forms.Optionally be, do not use non-woven material completely, the actual fibers and/or the natural fibers such as cellulose, fiber crops that are made of non-woven materials such as polypropylene, polyester, polyethylene, nylon can be used for completely or partially covering the exterior portion of aperture film to form the cuff of single entry layer.
Above most discussion concentrate on design be used for as the wet cuff that function the best in the wet environment such as drags.Yet, have the performance that functional cuffs also helps improving dry dedusting sheet.But, the frictional force (dried sliding force) the when characteristics of inner cuff and outside cuff need not exist based on liquid.With the wet applications similar that drags, require the frictional force (dried sliding force) of inner cuff material on one side and storeroom less than the frictional force (dried sliding force) between outside cuff one side material and surface to be cleaned for the preferred characteristics of dry dedusting.
When considering the characteristics of inner cuff, the frictional force of material and storeroom or sliding force value should less than 0.6 pound (0.2722 kilogram), preferably less than 0.5 pound (0.2268 kilogram), be more preferably less than 0.4 pound (0.1814 kilogram).For outside cuff, the frictional force on its material and surface to be cleaned should be greater than 0.4 pound (0.1814 kilogram), be preferably greater than 0.5 pound (0.2268 kilogram), more preferably greater than 0.6 pound (0.2722 kilogram).In addition, the ratio of frictional force between the frictional force of internal sleeve hoop material and storeroom or wet and slippery power and outer cover hoop material and surface to be cleaned or wet and slippery power should less than about 1, preferably less than 0.9, be more preferably less than 0.75.
In another embodiment of the invention, two layers of material is used to form functional cuffs at least.These the layer by between inner cuff and outer cover hoop material optionally fixing point be connected to each other.These optionally fixing point allow interlayer to have open space and passage.This can not only provide the space for passing outer captive dirt, can also provide the loop for more volume, makes cuff make and flatten under pressure when mopping floor then and the tendency of crumple reduces to minimum initial.
Functional cuffs can be made the single or multiple lift laminar structure, also can do circlewise or the non-annularity structure.Preferably, functional cuffs is done circlewise, shown in Fig. 2,4a and 4b.The functional cuffs of ring-type can be attached to it on the bottom by the banded cover of half-lap hoop material formation annulus again and make.Also can use the non-annularity functional cuffs, especially when used material has enough rigidity.Cleaning pad of the present invention and cleaning foil also can comprise the functional cuffs that ring-type and/or non-annularity, individual layer and/or multilayer combine.In addition, as described below, functional cuffs can also comprise absorbed layer.
Functional cuffs can form the part of the whole of cleaning pad lower level or cleaning foil bottom bottom, perhaps sticks to respectively on cleaning pad and/or the cleaning foil.If functional cuffs is the part of the whole of the bottom of cleaning pad or cleaning foil, functional cuffs is the bottom that passes through to be curled into cleaning pad lower level and cleaning foil of ring-type preferably, and is for example Z-shaped folding and/or C shape folding.Selectively, functional cuffs can stick to the lower level of cleaning pad and/or cleaning foil with distinct methods as known in the art respectively, and those methods include but not limited to two-sided tape, thermally coupled, gummed, ultra-sonic welded, stitching, high-pressure machinery welding etc.
Under dry or wetting in advance situation, functional cuffs also can be become one with traditional cleaning pad as known in the art and cleaning foil, these cleaning pads and cleaning foil can comprise various fibrous materials and non-woven material, as sponge, foam, paper handkerchief, polishing cloth, coarse cloth, cotton towel etc.In preferred embodiments, when with cleaning pad of the present invention, and as common unsettled U.S. Patent application 08/756,507 people such as () Holt, common unsettled U.S. Patent application 08/756,864 people such as () Sherry, common unsettled U.S. Patent application 08/756,999 (people such as Holt), all be filed on November 26th, 1996, with common unsettled U.S. Patent application 09/037,379 (people such as Policicchio), be filed in 10 days March in 1998 described those in conjunction with the time functional cuffs especially effective.All these patents are incorporated herein for your guidance.
In another embodiment, cleaning foil comprises one or more functional cuffs and bottom, preferably include the nonwoven bottom that water surrounds the formula material, include but not limited to the people's such as Fereshtehkhou that on May 20th, 1998 submitted to common unsettled U.S. Patent application 09/082,349 (case 6664M); With the people's such as Fereshtehkhou that submit on May 20th, 1998 common unsettled U.S. Patent application 09/082,396 (case 6798M), its open part is incorporated herein for your guidance; And on June 11st, 1996 authorize to the bottom of describing in people's such as Shizuno the United States Patent (USP) 5,525,397.In this embodiment preferred, the bottom of cleaning foil should have two zones at least, and wherein the zone is distinguished with basic weight.Bottom can have one or more high basic weights zone, its basic weight be about 30 to about 120 the gram/square metre, be preferably about 40 to 100 the gram/square metre, more preferably about 50 to about 90 the gram/square metre, also more preferably about 60 to about 80 the gram/square metre, with one or more low basic weights zone, the basic weight in wherein low basic weight zone account for high basic weight zone basic weight be no more than 80%, preferably be no more than 60%, more preferably no more than 40%, also more preferably no more than 20%.The overall basis of cleaning foil bottom be preferably about 20 to about 110 the gram/square metre, more preferably about 40 to about 100 the gram/square metre, also more preferably about 60 to 90 the gram/square metre.
In the pad and the different place of thin slice, one or more functional cuffs can be applied to or as the part of the whole of cleaning pad and cleaning foil.For example, functional cuffs can place the center line part (on the x-y plane) of cleaning pad or cleaning foil along x direction or y direction.Preferably, cleaning pad or cleaning foil comprise two functional cuffs on the nearly side opposite the angle that is located on or near cleaning pad or cleaning foil.(for example, pad and/or thin slice are at the leading edge and the trailing edge of y direction).Preferably, functional cuffs is preferably places its length direction to drag back and forth with the user or the vertical place of direction of wiping.
The present invention also comprises goods further, those goods comprise above-mentioned cleaning pad and/or cleaning foil, described cleaning pad and/or cleaning foil comprise an improved functional cuffs and a relative cover explanation, and this explanation can be used with packing, carton or other container combination.The present invention also comprises goods, and those goods comprise an above-mentioned improved functional cuffs and a relative cover explanation, and this related description can be used with packing, carton or other container combination.Used herein " with ... relevant " be meant this cover explanation or directly be printed on cleaning pad originally on one's body, perhaps present in independent mode, those modes include but not limited to brochure, printed matter advertisement, e-advertising and/or text communication, reach the purpose of the consumer's communication that makes this cover explanation and these goods.This cover explanation preferably includes the explanation of using cleaning pad and/or cleaning foil, and described cleaning pad and/or cleaning foil comprise the improved functional cuffs of using cleaning appliance (as floor mop) the cleaning crust that handle and mophead are arranged.The explanation of this cover can also comprise the explanation of using cleaning pad and/or cleaning foil, and described cleaning pad and/or cleaning foil comprise the improved functional cuffs that floor mop that to use with previous its mop head of mentioning herein be stepped design is used in combination and the cleaning pad of other kind.For example, can to instruct the user how to use its mop head be the cleaning foil that is used in combination with floor mop of stepped design in explanation.Other explanation can instruct the user how to make that cleaning pad or cleaning foil link to each other with mop head, mobile floor mop how, and how cleaning foil is taken off from mop head.

Claims (20)

1. cleaning appliance, it comprises:
(a) handle;
(b) disposable cleaning pad that comprises at least one cleaning layer, described cleaning pad links to each other at least indirectly with described handle; With
(c) at least one functional cuffs is attached to described pad, described cuff comprises the outer surface that overlaps hoop material and have an inner surface and an energy to contact with surface to be cleaned, and wherein the inner surface owing to the cover hoop material contacts the ratio of sliding force that produces and the sliding force that contacts generation owing to the outer surface that overlaps hoop material with the material on surface to be cleaned less than 1 with self.
2. cleaning appliance as claimed in claim 1, wherein said ratio is less than 0.9.
3. cleaning appliance as claimed in claim 2, wherein said ratio is less than 0.75.
4. cleaning appliance as claimed in claim 1, wherein functional cuffs is a ring-type.
5. cleaning appliance as claimed in claim 1 also comprises second functional cuffs that is attached to described pad.
6. cleaning appliance as claimed in claim 4, wherein said functional cuffs comprises a monolayer material.
7. cleaning appliance as claimed in claim 6, wherein said monolayer material are the aperture films with the back and sunny side, and the described back forms the inner surface of described cuff.
8. cleaning appliance as claimed in claim 7, wherein said sunny side is covered by non-woven material at least in part.
9. cleaning appliance as claimed in claim 4, wherein said functional cuffs comprises multilayer material.
10. cleaning appliance as claimed in claim 9, wherein said multilayer material comprise the ground floor that forms described cuff outer surface, and this ground floor to small part is attached to the second layer that forms described cuff inner surface.
11. cleaning appliance as claimed in claim 10, wherein said ground floor comprises non-woven material.
12. cleaning appliance as claimed in claim 10, the wherein said second layer comprises the plain weave cotton.
13. cleaning appliance as claimed in claim 1, wherein said disposable cleaning pad comprises:
(a) permeable scrubbing layer of liquid that comprises the aperture formed film; With
(b) absorbed layer that comprises absorbing material.
Comprise a plurality of absorbed layers 14. cleaning appliance as claimed in claim 12, wherein said disposable cleaning are paid somebody's debt and expected repayment later, wherein said absorbed layer has a plurality of width on the z direction.
15. a cleaning pad, it comprises:
At least one clean layer; With
At least one functional cuffs is attached to described cleaning pad, described cuff comprises the outer surface that overlaps hoop material and have an inner surface and an energy to contact with surface to be cleaned, and wherein the inner surface owing to the cover hoop material contacts the ratio of sliding force that produces and the sliding force that contacts generation owing to the outer surface that overlaps hoop material with the material on surface to be cleaned less than 1 with self.
16. a cleaning foil, it comprises:
The bottom of nonwoven; With
At least one functional cuffs is attached to described bottom, described cuff comprises the outer surface that overlaps hoop material and have an inner surface and an energy to contact with surface to be cleaned, and wherein the inner surface owing to the cover hoop material contacts the ratio of sliding force that produces and the sliding force that contacts generation owing to the outer surface that overlaps hoop material with the material on surface to be cleaned less than 1 with self.
17. goods, it comprises:
(a) a kind of cleaning pad, it comprises:
(i) comprise the scrubbing layer that the liquid of aperture formed film can see through; With
The absorbed layer that (ii) comprises superabsorbent materials;
(iii) at least one functional cuffs is attached to described liner, described cuff comprises the outer surface that overlaps hoop material and have an inner surface and an energy to contact with surface to be cleaned, and wherein the inner surface owing to the cover hoop material contacts the ratio of sliding force that produces and the sliding force that contacts generation owing to the outer surface that overlaps hoop material with the material on surface to be cleaned less than 1 with self; With
(b) a cover explanation, it comprises and uses described cleaning pad, when nuzzling up surface to be cleaned with cleaning pad described cuff to the mode of upset on one side, the wiping hard surface, thus clean the explanation of this hard surface.
18. goods as claimed in claim 17, wherein said this cover explanation also comprises uses described cleaning pad, the mode that described cuff overturns back and forth when moving back and forth on surface to be cleaned with cleaning pad, and the wiping hard surface, thus clean the explanation of this hard surface.
19. a cleaning appliance, it comprises:
(a) handle;
(b) be attached to the mop head of described handle pivotly, described mop head has the pad that forms the bottom surface;
(c) cleaning pad that is connected at least indirectly with described handle, it comprises an absorbed layer that comprises density gradient; With
(d) at least one functional cuff is attached to described cleaning pad, described cuff comprises the outer surface that overlaps hoop material and have an inner surface and an energy to contact with surface to be cleaned, and wherein the inner surface owing to the cover hoop material contacts the ratio of sliding force that produces and the sliding force that contacts generation owing to the outer surface that overlaps hoop material with the material on surface to be cleaned less than 1 with self.
20. the method for a clean surface, it comprises:
(a) provide a kind of cleaning appliance, this cleaning appliance comprises a handle, a mop head that is attached to described handle pivotly, at least indirectly a disposable cleaning pad that links to each other with described mop head, have an absorbed layer that comprises density gradient and be attached to the functional cuffs of cleaning pad with at least one, described cuff comprises the outer surface that overlaps hoop material and have an inner surface and an energy to contact with surface to be cleaned, and wherein the inner surface owing to the cover hoop material contacts the ratio of sliding force that produces and the sliding force that contacts generation owing to the outer surface that overlaps hoop material with the material on surface to be cleaned less than 1 with self; And
(b) with described cleaning appliance wiping surface to be cleaned.
CNB2004100817979A 2000-11-27 2001-11-20 Adapter plates for cleaning implement Expired - Fee Related CN100355388C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/723,025 US6996871B1 (en) 1998-12-01 2000-11-27 Cleaning pad
US09/723025 2000-11-27

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AU2002225654A1 (en) 2002-06-03
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MXPA03004620A (en) 2003-09-05
EP1337173A2 (en) 2003-08-27

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