CN1651904A - Method and apparatus for testing low visibility of at mosphere - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for testing low visibility of at mosphere Download PDFInfo
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- CN1651904A CN1651904A CN 200510011321 CN200510011321A CN1651904A CN 1651904 A CN1651904 A CN 1651904A CN 200510011321 CN200510011321 CN 200510011321 CN 200510011321 A CN200510011321 A CN 200510011321A CN 1651904 A CN1651904 A CN 1651904A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a method for measuring atmospheric poor visibility and its measurement equipment. Said equipment is formed from multiple reflecting cell, laser, digital camera and computer. Said invention also provides the concrete steps for implementing said measurement method. Said method can ensure the detection accuracy of poor visibility, and can automatically regulate detection accuracy according to poor visibility condition.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the blind method and apparatus of a kind of measurement atmosphere, especially a kind of based on digital camera and the repeatedly blind measuring method of atmosphere and the device of reflection tank.
Background technology
So-called visibility is that human eye can find with horizontal sky to be the ultimate range of the black objects thing (field angle greater than 30 ') of background under certain atmospheric transparency, and it is with apart from a kind of index of representing atmospheric turbidity, generally is unit with rice.Atmospheric visibility, particularly blind timely detection, it is a meteorological element that aviation, navigation, land transportation and military activity etc. is all had material impact, emission as the landing of aircraft, guided missile is target-seeking, the speed limit of train, highway situation such as close, we can say real-time monitored to the visibility indispensable important content in the life that become a reality.
Visibility is not only relevant with the optical characteristics of atmosphere, and relevant with the vision physiological of human eye.Often get vision response threshold epsilon=0.02 on the meteorology, by Koschmider law visibility V as can be known:
The measurement of visibility V is by the measurement decision of atmospheric extinction coefficient σ.
At present, visibility measurement equipment mainly contains transmission-type visibility laser detector, digital camera transmittance meter, and the visibility laser measurement system and the laser radar that utilize laser light scattering.
The article of the 44th the 1st phase of volume of Science Bulletin in January, 1999 magazine " the digital camera method is measured meteorological optical range " has disclosed the principle of work of digital camera transmittance meter, and it simulates the impression of human eye by the sharpness of taking goal-selling image and then identification image.But be subjected to background influence bigger, easily wrong report.
The article of the 5th phase of applied optics magazine in 1997 " researching and analysing of runway visibility laser detector " has disclosed the principle of work of transmission-type visibility laser detector, it measures atmospheric extinction coefficient with the light-intensity difference that laser beam sees through big gas column between two point of fixity, assessment visibility value.The transmission-type visibility laser detector requires big gas column long enough, it is a kind of measurement of air visibility mean value in the large scale scope, and at the accurate low visibility weather that detects visibility of palpuses such as rain, mist, cause measurement meaningless because of optical loss large-signal intensity is low, and can not regulate measuring accuracy automatically according to blind height.
The article " research of back scattering formula way visibility laser measuring apparatus " of the article of meteorological the 2nd phase of hydrology oceanographic instrumentation magazine in 1999 " SS-1 type forward scattering formula visiometer " and the 5th phase of optical technology magazine in 1999 has disclosed the principle of work of the visibility laser measurement system that utilizes laser light scattering.Chinese invention patent " vehicular dual wavelength Mie scattering laser radar " in 2004, application number 200410013874.7, publication number CN1556393A discloses a kind of principle of work of laser radar.Comparatively speaking, utilize the visibility laser measurement system of laser light scattering and laser radar more objective and accurate, but the problem that manufacture difficulty is big, cost is high is all arranged the measurement of visibility.Especially laser radar cost costliness, complicated operation, maintenance cost height also are difficult to carry out normal observation at low visibility weather such as rain, mists.
Infrared and article " long light path atmospheric simulation storehouse experimental provision " the 4th phase of laser magazine had disclosed the principle of work that the repeatedly reflection tank that is made of high reflection mirror is studied atmospheric aerosol in 1999, and it also is usually used in the measurement of gas extinction coefficient.The length that it adopts repeatedly reflection to prolong big gas column has into perforation and perforation hole, obtains extinction coefficient by detecting the pond light intensity and going out pond light intensity variation.Because order of reflection is fixed, require the meticulous debugging of high reflection mirror, operation is difficulty comparatively.The information that it fails to utilize repeatedly the transmitted light intensity of reflex time to carry, the transmitance that is still big gas column between two point of fixity is measured, and measuring accuracy is restricted, and can not adjust measuring accuracy automatically according to the extinction coefficient of measured object.
Chinese invention patent " a kind of measuring method of high specular reflectivity of reflector " in 1998, application number 98114152.8, publication number 1242516 disclose the principle of work of ring-down spectroscopy technology, and it also can be used for detecting the extinction coefficient of atmosphere.A series of laser beam that the repeatedly reflection tank that its adopts laser beam vertical incidence to be made of parallel high reflection mirror, photodetectors register repeatedly transmit in the reflection tank.Repeatedly reflect the atmosphere column length that has prolonged with the laser beam effect, the detection of each transmission laser beam intensity of separating on time domain has realized the multiple spot of the big gas column of large scale is detected, and accuracy of detection is higher.But ring-down spectroscopy technical requirement incident laser has pattern match preferably with reflection tank repeatedly, needs precison optical component to cooperate accurately and adjusts.In addition, owing on time domain, will with each transmission laser bundle separately require short-pulse laser incident, and want fast the time response of photodetector, make package unit operating difficulties, cost costliness, maintenance cost height, the site environment bad adaptability.
Summary of the invention
In order further to widen the application of transmittance meter, overcome the cost costliness that existing visibility measurement equipment exists, investigative range is little, can not change measuring accuracy automatically according to visibility variation, spatial resolution is hanged down the problem with complicated operation, the present invention is based on digital camera and detect repeatedly each transmission laser beam intensity of reflection tank, realized plane record to the big gas column multiple spot detection of large scale, can adjust measuring accuracy for the low visibility situation automatically by the minimizing of transmission laser bundle number, increased the visibility investigative range, accuracy of detection and spatial resolution have been improved, and can solidify entirely, make device volume little, cost is low, the anti-vibration ability is strong, simple to operate, good to site environment adaptability.
In order to reach described purpose, the invention provides blind measuring method of a kind of atmosphere and device.
A kind of technical scheme of atmosphere low visibility measuring method:
Repeatedly be full of the atmosphere of visibility to be measured in the reflection tank, repeatedly the reflectivity of high reflection mirror in the reflection tank, projection ratio are even; The continuous laser beam of visible wavelength is incident upon repeatedly on the high reflection mirror of reflection tank with little incident angle; Laser beam in reflection tank repeatedly on the high reflection mirror with little incident angle repeatedly reflect, transmission; Digital camera light-sensitive surface record is by different reflection spots each transmission laser beam intensity that transmit, apart on the reflection tank one high reflection mirror minute surface repeatedly; Thereby the space distribution of curve fitting transmitted light intensity maximum value on the digital camera light-sensitive surface draws repeatedly in the reflection tank atmosphere in the visibility at laser wavelength of incidence place.
A kind of technical scheme that realizes the low visibility measurement mechanism:
This device is by reflection tank repeatedly, laser instrument, digital camera and computing machine are formed, repeatedly reflection tank is made of two plane high reflection mirrors, these two high reflection mirror minute surfaces are parallel or littlely have the inclination opposite to place, repeatedly reflection tank places the atmospheric environment of visibility to be measured to be full of atmospheric sample, continuous wave laser is arranged on repeatedly the outside of reflection tank, enter repeatedly in the reflection tank on the high reflection mirror that laser beam projects with little incident angle, digital camera places repeatedly a high reflection mirror below of reflection tank, digital camera light-sensitive surface and the parallel placement of this high reflection mirror, the intensity of digital camera light-sensitive surface record transmission laser bundle, digital camera is connected with computing machine by the port of computing machine, sends the data that write down to computing machine to calculate atmospheric visibility.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
At first, because the present invention is based on the digital camera light-sensitive surface detects repeatedly the different reflection spots of reflection tank and transmits laser beam intensity, the big gas column multiple spot of time resolution formula large scale in the ring-down spectroscopy technology is detected, convert to for the big gas column multiple spot detection of spatial discrimination formula large scale, can use cheap continuous wave laser, also not resembling the ring-down spectroscopy technology must expensive short-pulse laser and fast-response photodetector, has reduced installation cost, has kept high measurement accuracy.And only need a photoelectric commutator---digital camera, do not resemble the transmission-type visibility laser detector and repeatedly the reflection tank two photoelectric commutators of needs measure going out the incident beam light intensity respectively.The package unit cost is very low.
Secondly, owing to constitute repeatedly the high reflection mirror of reflection tank can be that the strict parallel placement in opposite also can be the parallel placement in opposite, little inclination angle, repeatedly the order of reflection of reflection tank inner laser bundle and transmitted light beam outgoing position do not have specific requirement, therefore reduced the repeatedly adjustment accuracy requirement of reflection tank, easy operating, those skilled in the art can carry out measuring operation.
When high, atmosphere is little to the photoextinction of measuring laser beam in the reflection tank, obtains the more transmission laser light beam of number, the measuring accuracy height for sunny weather visibility; For low visibility inclement weathers such as rain, mists, repeatedly reflection tank internal reflection number of times reduces, and transmission laser light beam number reduces thereupon, measuring accuracy reduces automatically, so the present invention regulates measuring accuracy automatically to the measurement of visibility with the variation of visibility, increased the investigative range of visibility.
Once more, whole device can solidify entirely.LASER Light Source can be used semiconductor laser, perhaps semiconductor pumped YAG frequency double laser, digital camera can use the small ccd gamma camera, high reflection mirror can be fixedly connected and form repeatedly reflection tank of integral type, make that whole device volume is little, vibration resistance, cost be low, the spatial resolution of visibility measurement is higher, and site environment adaptability is good.
Therefore, the little cost of the full solidification equipment volume of the present invention is low, guaranteed blind accuracy of detection, very strong competitive power is arranged, will expand the market share of transmittance meter, can also be applied to commercial production, for example monitoring of the dust concentration of the reactant concentration of chemical production line, industrial and mineral industry, in fact every occasion that relates to measurement of extinction coefficient can be used.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of atmosphere low visibility measuring method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the embodiment synoptic diagram of atmosphere low visibility measurement mechanism of the present invention.
Embodiment
The schematic flow sheet of atmosphere low visibility measuring method, as shown in Figure 1.
Repeatedly reflection tank places the atmospheric environment of visibility to be measured, repeatedly is full of the atmosphere of visibility to be measured in the reflection tank.
Continuous wave laser visible light emitted wavelength laser Shu Yixiao incident angle is incident upon repeatedly on the high reflection mirror of reflection tank; The reflectivity, the transmissivity that constitute repeatedly the high reflection mirror of reflection tank are even.Laser beam in reflection tank repeatedly on the high reflection mirror with little incident angle repeatedly reflect, transmission, until the light intensity attenuation disappearance that finishes; Reflection is according to the reflectivity reflection of high reflection mirror, and transmission is according to the transmissivity transmission of high reflection mirror.
Digital camera light-sensitive surface record is by different reflection spots each transmission laser beam intensity that transmit, apart on the high reflection mirror minute surface of reflection tank repeatedly.
Use mathematical software for example Origin or matlab, the space distribution of transmitted light intensity maximum value on the digital camera light-sensitive surface is carried out curve fitting, can draw repeatedly in the reflection tank atmosphere in the visibility at laser wavelength of incidence place.
The embodiment of atmosphere low visibility measurement mechanism, as shown in Figure 2.
This device comprises by parallel with 32 minute surfaces or little have the inclination opposite to place the repeatedly reflection tank 3 constitute, semiconductor pumped YAG frequency multiplication continuous wave laser 1, digital camera 5 and the computing machine 7 of two plane high reflection mirrors 31.Repeatedly reflection tank 3 places under the atmospheric environment of visibility to be measured and wherein is full of atmospheric sample, semiconductor pumped YAG frequency double laser 1 is arranged on repeatedly the outside of reflection tank 3, and wavelength 532 nanometer laser bundles 2 project on second high reflection mirror 32 with little incident angle and enter repeatedly in the reflection tank 3.Enter repeatedly the laser beam repeatedly reflection between second high reflection mirror 32 and first high reflection mirror 31 in the reflection tank 3, simultaneously with reflection tank 3 repeatedly in atmospheric interaction, finish until light intensity attenuation.Digital camera 5 places second high reflection mirror, 32 belows, digital camera 5 light-sensitive surfaces and the 32 parallel placements of second high reflection mirror, digital camera 5 light-sensitive surfaces write down the intensity of the transmission laser bundle 4 at different reflection spots place on second high reflection mirror 32, digital camera 5 is connected with the general-purpose serial bus USB port 6 of computing machine 7 by computing machine 7, sends the data that write down to computing machine 7 to calculate atmospheric visibility.
First high reflection mirror 31 and second high reflection mirror 32 are the high reflection mirror commodity, for example: the HR-S-45-02 type high reflective mirror of Shanghai Optics and Precision Mechanics institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences.Semiconductor pumped YAG frequency double laser 1 is commodity, for example: the YAG frequency double laser of the 532NM N-type semiconductor N pumping of Changchun Inst. of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, digital camera 5 is common electric charge coupling ccd video camera, for example: the S400 type small ccd camera of the triumphant human relations numeral science and technology in Guangzhou company limited, computing machine 7 is to use the desktop computer of Windows operating system, perhaps notebook computer.
Claims (7)
1. the method measured of an atmosphere low visibility, this method comprises the following step:
Repeatedly be full of the atmosphere of visibility to be measured in the reflection tank;
Continuous laser beam is incident upon repeatedly on the high reflection mirror of reflection tank with little incident angle;
Laser beam on the high reflection mirror in the reflection tank repeatedly with little incident angle repeatedly reflect, transmission;
Digital camera light-sensitive surface record is by different reflection spots each transmission laser beam intensity that transmit, apart on high reflection mirror minute surface of reflection tank repeatedly;
Space distribution to transmitted light intensity maximum value on the digital camera light-sensitive surface carries out curve fitting, and draws repeatedly in the reflection tank atmosphere in the visibility at laser wavelength of incidence place.
2. atmosphere low visibility measuring method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the reflectivity and the transmissivity of high reflection mirror are even.
3. atmosphere low visibility measuring method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: laser beam is the laser beam of visible wavelength.
4. device of realizing that the atmosphere low visibility is measured, comprise repeatedly reflection tank (3), laser instrument (1), digital camera (5) and computing machine (7), repeatedly reflection tank (3) places under the atmospheric environment of visibility to be measured and wherein is full of atmospheric sample, it is characterized in that: laser instrument (1) is arranged on repeatedly the outside of reflection tank (3), make the laser beam of sending (2) project repeatedly on the minute surface of high reflection mirror (32) in the reflection tank (3) with little incident angle, digital camera (5) places repeatedly reflection tank (3) high reflection mirror (32) below, digital camera (5) light-sensitive surface and the parallel placement of high reflection mirror (32), the intensity of digital camera (5) light-sensitive surface record transmission laser bundle (4), digital camera (5) is connected with computing machine (7) by the port (6) of computing machine (7), sends the data that write down to computing machine (7) to calculate atmospheric visibility.
5. realization atmosphere low visibility measurement mechanism according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: repeatedly reflection tank (3) is made of first high reflection mirror (31) and second high reflection mirror (32), described two high reflection mirrors are parallel or little mode opposite placement that inclination is arranged with minute surface, described two high reflection mirrors are plane mirror, and reflectivity is more than 99%.
6. realization atmosphere low visibility measurement mechanism according to claim 4 is characterized in that: laser instrument (1) is semiconductor pumped YAG frequency multiplication continuous wave laser, output wavelength 532 nanometers.
7. realization atmosphere low visibility measurement mechanism according to claim 4 is characterized in that: digital camera (5) is for adopting the miniature camera with computer interface.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103048284A (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2013-04-17 | 中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所 | Novel method for measuring extinction coefficient of atmospheric aerosol |
| CN105067626A (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2015-11-18 | 河北工业大学 | Multiple reflection type image visibility measuring method |
| CN105301674A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-02-03 | 安徽省大气探测技术保障中心 | Detection device of meteorological optical range |
| CN106442428A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-02-22 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Optical fiber type measurement method based on visibility of multiple times of reflection |
| CN107356565A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-11-17 | 安徽省大气探测技术保障中心 | Portable visibility transilluminator |
| CN109580623A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-04-05 | 丁向峰 | Mechanical meteorological optical range measuring instrument |
| CN112055446A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2020-12-08 | 光宝电子(广州)有限公司 | Visibility meter, visibility measuring method, street lamp device and operation method thereof |
| US11255781B2 (en) | 2019-05-20 | 2022-02-22 | Lite-On Electronics (Guangzhou) Limited | Visibility meter, street light device and operation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| SE369964B (en) * | 1973-01-18 | 1974-09-23 | Satt Elektronik Ab | |
| FR2393295A1 (en) * | 1977-05-31 | 1978-12-29 | Snecma | ATMOSPHERE TRANSMISSIVE POWER MEASUREMENT |
| FR2440550A1 (en) * | 1978-10-30 | 1980-05-30 | Snecma | VISIBILITY MEASURING DEVICE |
| CN1242516A (en) * | 1998-07-16 | 2000-01-26 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Method of measuring high specular reflectivity of reflector |
| JP3586169B2 (en) * | 2000-04-24 | 2004-11-10 | アスモ株式会社 | Method and apparatus for measuring sharpness and gloss |
| JP2004053534A (en) * | 2002-07-23 | 2004-02-19 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Gloss measuring device and method |
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2005
- 2005-02-07 CN CNB2005100113212A patent/CN100357726C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103048284A (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2013-04-17 | 中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所 | Novel method for measuring extinction coefficient of atmospheric aerosol |
| CN105067626A (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2015-11-18 | 河北工业大学 | Multiple reflection type image visibility measuring method |
| CN105067626B (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2017-07-28 | 河北工业大学 | A kind of image visibility measuring method of multiple reflections formula |
| CN105301674A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-02-03 | 安徽省大气探测技术保障中心 | Detection device of meteorological optical range |
| CN106442428A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-02-22 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Optical fiber type measurement method based on visibility of multiple times of reflection |
| CN107356565A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-11-17 | 安徽省大气探测技术保障中心 | Portable visibility transilluminator |
| CN109580623A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-04-05 | 丁向峰 | Mechanical meteorological optical range measuring instrument |
| CN109580623B (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2021-06-18 | 深圳凯鸿欣电子科技有限公司 | Mechanical meteorological visibility measuring instrument |
| CN112055446A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2020-12-08 | 光宝电子(广州)有限公司 | Visibility meter, visibility measuring method, street lamp device and operation method thereof |
| TWI750520B (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2021-12-21 | 大陸商光寶電子（廣州）有限公司 | Visibility meter, visibility measurement method, and street light device and operation method thereof |
| US11255781B2 (en) | 2019-05-20 | 2022-02-22 | Lite-On Electronics (Guangzhou) Limited | Visibility meter, street light device and operation method thereof |
| CN112055446B (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2023-04-07 | 光宝电子(广州)有限公司 | Visibility meter, visibility measuring method, street lamp device and operation method thereof |
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