CN107193015A - Ultraviolet three frequencies high spectral resolution lidar system and its detection method based on F P etalons - Google Patents
Ultraviolet three frequencies high spectral resolution lidar system and its detection method based on F P etalons Download PDFInfo
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- CN107193015A CN107193015A CN201710345377.4A CN201710345377A CN107193015A CN 107193015 A CN107193015 A CN 107193015A CN 201710345377 A CN201710345377 A CN 201710345377A CN 107193015 A CN107193015 A CN 107193015A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/95—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/497—Means for monitoring or calibrating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Abstract
The present invention relates to it is a kind of can simultaneously the 35km height wind field of detected with high accuracy 0, temperature and aerosol the ultraviolet three frequencies high spectral resolution lidar system and its detection method based on triple channel FP etalons.It is characterized in that：Launch laser frequency in ν0、ν02GHz and ν0Alternate change between+2GHz；The etalon design of passage L, 1 and 2 is integral, and it is all 8GHz freely to compose spacing, and spectrum width is respectively 0.2GHz, 1GHz and 1GHz, and 1 L and 12 peak to peak separations are respectively 0.1GHz and 4GHz；ν0It is locked at the peak value of passage 1；Cascade light path is constituted by quarter wave plate and polarization beam splitter prism.Advantage for present invention is：Separate unit radar the 35km wind fields of high-acruracy survey 0, temperature and aerosol simultaneously are realized, the shortcoming for causing inversion error larger that overcomes that one-parameter Detection Techniques detection accuracy is high, investigative range can not be covered and three parameters influence each other.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to it is a kind of can simultaneously detected with high accuracy 0-35km height wind field, temperature and aerosol laser radar system
System and its detection method, more particularly to a kind of ultraviolet three frequencies high spectral resolution lidar system based on F-P etalons
And its detection method.
Background technology
Air wind speed, temperature and aerosol optical characteristics Vertical Profile and its time-evolution profile logarithm value weather are pre-
The research such as report, atmospheric science and climate change, atmospheric thermodynamics, dynamics all plays vital effect.To air wind
Field, the detection of temperature and aerosol optical characteristics and research have important scientific meaning.Especially it is to be noted that adjoint close on
The development of spacecraft, space environment safety guarantee has become major issue.The change of Sudden warming in stratosphere wind field complexity and temperature
Degree, density, atmospheric pressure state and dynamical perturbation will directly affect near space (20~100km) aircraft security, Aero-Space
Effective progress of activity and the information transfer of radio system etc..Therefore, to stratosphere room atmosphere environmental key-element (temperature, wind
To, wind speed, pressure, density etc.) detected with high accuracy, the detection of particularly " zero stratification of wind " (18~25km) is big there is provided stratosphere
The forecast of gaseity and stratospheric Atmospheric Characteristics distribution of now responding with and analyze and research, also with important economy and military meaning
Justice.
At present, the detection to aerosol mainly has Mie scattering lidar, polarization lidar and high spectral resolution to swash
Optical radar.The method of laser radar detection atmospheric temperature mainly has：Differential absorption method, Rayleigh scattering integration method, Rayleigh scattering light
Zymography and rotational raman scattering method etc..Detection to atmospheric wind mainly uses Doppler lidar.According to detection body
System is different, and the frequency discrimination technology used has coherent detection technology and incoherent technique.Wherein it is based on F-P etalon marginal technologys
It is the current more ripe, technology that centering upper atmospheric wind field detection is the most generally used in the world.But, deeply divided
Analysis finds that above-mentioned one-parameter Detection Techniques have detection accuracy when being detected to the highly corresponding atmospheric parameters of 0~35km
Not high, investigative range can not cover the defects such as 0~35km height；Or due to three parameters such as wind speed, temperature and aerosol
Influence each other, cause the shortcoming that inversion error is larger.For example：It is molten according to high spectral resolution lidar high-acruracy survey gas
Glue is, it is necessary to know atmospheric temperature information；It is high according to the high spectral resolution lidar based on Rayleigh scattering light Zymography
Precision measure atmospheric temperature is, it is necessary to accurately deduct aerosol information, while it is also contemplated that the influence of amendment Brillouin scattering；If adopting
With the Direct-detection Doppler lidar high-acruracy survey air wind speed based on marginal technology, it is necessary to know aerosol and temperature
Information.Therefore, to overcome, traditional one-parameter Detection Techniques detection accuracy is not high, investigative range can not be covered or inversion error is larger
The shortcomings of, it is necessary to exploring can be while 0~35km of detected with high accuracy height (Troposphere and lower stratosphere region) atmospheric wind, temperature
The laser radar new technology of the atmospheric parameter such as degree and aerosol optical characteristics.At present both at home and abroad can simultaneously detected with high accuracy 0~
The laser radar technique of the atmospheric wind of 35km height, temperature and aerosol optical characteristics has not been reported.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are：A kind of ultraviolet three frequencies high spectral resolution based on F-P etalons is provided
Rate laser radar system and its detection method, can be used for while detecting 0-35km height atmospheric wind, temperature and aerosol etc. greatly
Gas parameter.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：
The radar system overall structure of the present invention is as shown in Figure 1.Nd is injected using seed light：YAG laser is used as transmitting
Source, sends linearly polarized light beam, makes transmitting laser frequency in v by acousto-optic modulator0、v-And v+Between alternate change.Because rice dissipates
Penetrate intensity and wavelength X1.3Approximately it is inversely proportional, Rayleigh intensity and λ4It is inversely proportional, therefore operation wavelength uses 355nm to obtain by force
Detectable signal.Transmitting laser is divided into two beams by the first beam splitter, and the transmitted light for occupying most energy is compressed by beam expanding lens
After beam divergence angle, by passing sequentially through two speculums of the one 45 degree of speculum, two-dimensional scanner, finally with default side
Parallactic angle and zenith angle vertically enter air tested region through glass plate.Its atmospheric backscatter light is received by telescope, according to
It is secondary after concavees lens, narrow band pass filter, electrooptic modulator and half-wave plate, most energy pass through the second beam splitter, then by
After the reflection of 2nd 45 degree of speculum, sequentially pass through the 4th convex lens, field stop, the 5th convex lens, the first polarization beam splitter prism,
The passage 1 of triple channel F-P etalons is incident to after first quarter-wave plate, its transmitted light beam is assembled by the 6th convex lens to be entered
First photon counting mode photomultiplier；Its reflected beams sequentially passes through the first quarter-wave plate, the first polarization beam splitting rib
After mirror, the second polarization beam splitter prism and the second quarter-wave plate, the passage 2 of triple channel F-P etalons is incident to.Passage 2
Transmitted light beam is assembled by the 7th convex lens enters the second photon counting mode photomultiplier；It is inclined that the reflected beams again pass by second
Shake after beam splitter prism and the second quarter-wave plate, assembled by the 8th convex lens and enter three-photon count mode photomultiplier transit
Pipe.The reflected light that first beam splitter occupies little energy enters first optical patchcord one end, and the optical signal come out from the other end enters
Enter integrating sphere, the optical signal come out from integrating sphere is coupled as reference optical signal, then by second optical patchcord one end, another from its
Bring out the optical signal penetrated and successively pass through the 9th convex lens and polarizer, then two beams are divided into by the 3rd beam splitter.3rd beam splitter is accounted for
The reflected beams for having most of energy sequentially pass through the 3rd 45 degree of speculum, the tenth convex lens, the 11st convex lens and aperture light
After door screen, two beams are divided into by the 4th beam splitter, its reflected beams is assembled by the 12nd convex lens enters the first analog detection mode light
Electric multiplier tube；Transmitted light beam is incident to the passage L of triple channel F-P etalons, outgoing beam again by the 13rd convex lens assemble into
Enter the second analog detection pattern photomultiplier.The transmitted light beam of 3rd beam splitter is after the reflection of the second beam splitter, then passes through
With the duplicate light path of back scattering optical signal, light frequency measurement is launched during for system calibration and Wind field measurement.With reference to
Light and rear orientation light realize isolation by electrooptic modulator signal in sequential.Two analog detection pattern photomultipliers and three
The output signal of individual photon counting mode photomultiplier is acquired by A/D cards and photon counting capture card respectively, then by work
Control machine carries out data processing, storage, data inversion and result and shown.The laser of whole system, FP etalons, two dimension are swept
Instrument, A/D cards and photon counting capture card etc. are retouched by RS232 interfaces by industrial computer control.In measurement process, transmitting laser warp
It is 30 ° of directions that zenith and two orthogonal, zenith angles are first subsequently pointed to by d scanning system.When pointing to zenith, transmitting laser frequency
Rate is in v0、v-And v+Between alternate change, frequency is v0Laser be used for measure atmospheric temperature and aerosol optical characteristics, frequency
For v-And v+Laser be used for measure vertical velocity component；When pointing to two orthogonal, zenith angles for 30 ° of directions, transmitting laser frequency
Rate is in v-And v+Between alternate change, for measuring horizontal wind speed component.
The wind field of the present invention, the overall test method of temperature and aerosol are as shown in Figure 2.One passage of F-P etalons
(passage L) is used to lock transmitting laser frequency；Two other passage (passage 1 and passage 2) is detection channels, and light path is cascade side
Formula, to improve detection signal to noise ratio.Three channel standard tool designs are integral (freely composing spacing identical), it is ensured that between each frequency spectrum
Relative stability, the spacing of freely compose of three channel standards tool is all 8GHz, and passage L spectrum width is 0.2GHz, passage 1 with lead to
The spectrum width in road 2 is all 1GHz, and the peak to peak separation of passage 1 and passage 2 is 4GHz, and passage 1 and passage L peak to peak separation are
0.1GHz.Launch laser frequency in v0、v-And v+Between alternate change, wherein：v-=v0- 2GHz, v+=v0+ 2GHz, v0It is locked
At the left side halfwidth of passage L transmission spectrums, namely at the peak value of passage 1.When frequency is v-Or v+When, passage 1 and passage 2 are made
Two edge gateways detected for wind speed, it is common using Rayleigh and Mie scattering signal under the conditions of known aerosol Back-scattering ratio
With atmospheric wind is measured, as shown in Figure 3.Four of two etalon transmission spectrums can be made full use of using double transmitting laser frequencies
Edge.When frequency is v0When, passage 1 and passage 2 utilize the transmission spectrum of passage 1 and logical as aerosol and temperature sensing passage
The reflectance spectrum in road 2 is by rice and Rayleigh beacon Signal separator, as shown in Figure 4；Utilize the transflector spectrum detection Rayleigh letter of passage 2
Number spectrum both wings obtain atmospheric temperature, shown in Fig. 5.If the upper atmosphere measurement seldom to aerosol, after Aerosol correction, passage
1 middle part composed but also as a temperature sensing channel measurement Rayleigh, to improve temperature measurement accuracy, as shown in Figure 6.Detect light
Road is designed to cascade system, the atmospheric backscatter signal that radar telescope is received is fully used, substantially increases
The signal to noise ratio of each parameter detection.Meanwhile, by freely composing the reasonable excellent of spacing, spectrum width and spectrum intervals to two detection channels
Change design so that it almost reaches optimal simultaneously to wind speed, temperature and aerosol Back-scattering ratio measurement accuracy.This several respect is protected
System has been demonstrate,proved with higher detection performance.Here Wind measurement is using the marginal technology of twin-stage connection etalon bifrequency four；Gas is molten
Glue detection joins the prime transmission spectrum of etalon and the signal separation techniques of rear class reflectance spectrum using twin-stage；Low layer temperature sensing is used
The Rayleigh spectrum both wings Detection Techniques of single etalon twin-stage transmission spectrum；The prime list that high-rise temperature sensing joins etalon using twin-stage is saturating
Penetrate spectrum and the Rayleigh spectrum middle part of rear class double transmission spectrum and both wings Detection Techniques simultaneously.
Laser radar receives the photoelectron number point of the rice and Rayleigh beacon signal between vertical height z~z+ Δs z
It is not：
N is pulse accumulation number in formula；Y (z) is the geometric overlap factor of laser radar；η0=TtTr, TtAnd TrIt is hair respectively
Penetrate and receive total transmitance of optical unit；η for detector quantum efficiency (it is assumed that each branch locator quantum efficiency is identical,
It is really discrepant)；E0For transmitting pulsed laser energy；λ is transmitting optical maser wavelength；H=6.626 × 10-34J is Planck
Constant；C is the light velocity；A0For the receiving area of receiving telescope；Z is vertical height；Δ z is vertical range resolution；For transmitting
The laser elevation angle；βa(λ, z) and βm(λ z) is respectively aerosol and atmospheric molecule backscattering coefficient；α=αa+αmFor total delustring
Coefficient, αaFor Aerosol Extinction, αmFor atmospheric molecule extinction coefficient.
The transmittance function of the monochromatic collimated beam laser light incident that frequency is v to the i-th passage list F-P etalons is：
I=1 in formula, 2, L, two detection channels and locking channel are corresponded to respectively；ηi=TP, i(1-Ri)/(1+Ri), TP, iFor mark
The peak transmittance of quasi- tool, if ignoring flat board absorption loss, TP, i=1, RiFor flat board effective reflectivity；viFor in etalon frequency spectrum
Frequency of heart；vFSRSpacing is freely composed for etalon.
It is assumed that transmitting laser is Gauss spectral line, aerosol back scattering spectrum and molecule back scattering spectrum are represented by respectively：
Δ v in formulaa=δ v/ (4ln2)1/2, δ v are Laser emission spectrum width；Δvr=(8kT/M λ2)1/2For the 1/ of Rayleigh spectral line
The width that e highly locates, λ is optical maser wavelength, and k is Boltzmann constant, and T is atmospheric temperature, and M is molecular mass；vs=v0, ±±
2Vr/ λ is that centre frequency, v are composed in back scattering0, ±For transmitting laser center frequency, VrFor radial direction wind speed.
Actual transmission laser is after colimated light system, and the full angle of divergence is 2 θ0, then actually three of two detection channels connect
The revenue and expenditure road effective optical transmittance relevant with etalon, is strictly derived by by early stage：
In formula：
Wherein i=1,2；J=a, m；What then three photon counting detectors were received is backward
Scattered signal number of photons is：
Nx(z, vs, T) and=Na(z, vs)Txa(vs)+Nm(z, vs)Txm(vs, T)
Wherein x=1,2,3.Utilize NxAtmospheric wind, temperature and aerosol can be obtained with inverting.
Radar system of the present invention is by injection seeded light source, the first convex lens, optoisolator, acousto-optic frequency shifters,
Two convex lens, the 3rd convex lens, pulse Nd：YAG laser, the first beam splitter, beam expanding lens, the one 45 degree of speculum, two dimension are swept
Retouch instrument, glass plate, Cassegrain telescope, concavees lens, narrow band pass filter, electrooptic modulator, half-wave plate, the second beam splitter,
2nd 45 degree of speculum, the 4th convex lens, field stop, the 5th convex lens, the first polarization beam splitter prism, the first quarter-wave
Piece, triple channel F-P etalons, the 6th convex lens, the first photon counting mode photomultiplier, the second polarization beam splitter prism,
Two quarter-wave plates, the 7th convex lens, the second photon counting mode photomultiplier, the 8th convex lens, three-photon are counted
Pattern photomultiplier, the first optical patchcord, integrating sphere, the second optical patchcord, the 9th convex lens, polarizer, the 3rd beam splitter,
3rd 45 degree of speculum, the tenth convex lens, the 11st convex lens, aperture diaphragm, the 4th beam splitter, the 12nd convex lens, the firstth
Analog detection pattern photomultiplier, the 13rd convex lens, the second analog detection pattern photomultiplier, seed optical drive electricity
Source, A/D cards and photon counting capture card, triggers circuit, FP etalons controller, acousto-optic frequency shifters driving, electrooptic modulator drive
Dynamic, laser driven power supply, two-dimensional scanner controller and industrial computer composition, it is characterized in that：Injection seeded light source is respectively and seed
Optical drive power supply, triggers circuit are connected, through the first convex lens, optoisolator, sound after the seed light elder generation that injection seeded light source is sent
After optical frequency shift device, the second convex lens, the 3rd convex lens, injected pulse Nd：YAG laser, sends 355nm linear polarization pulse
Light.The driving of acousto-optic frequency shifters and acousto-optic frequency shifters is connected, and the light frequency come out by drive signal control from acousto-optic frequency shifters is in v0、
v-=v0- 2GHz and v+=v0Alternate change between+2GHz.Three channel standard tool designs are integral (freely composing spacing identical),
Ensure the relative stability between each frequency spectrum.The spacing of freely composing of three channel standard tools is all 8GHz, and passage L spectrum width is
The spectrum width of 0.2GHz, passage 1 and passage 2 is all 1GHz, and the peak to peak separation of passage 1 and passage 2 is 4GHz, is freely to compose spacing
Certain grade of frequency spectrum of half, i.e. passage 1 is in the centre of the adjacent two-stage frequency spectrum of passage 2.Passage 1 and passage L peak to peak separation is
0.1GHz.The design parameter almost reaches optimal simultaneously to wind speed, temperature and aerosol Back-scattering ratio measurement accuracy.Transmitting swashs
Light frequency is in v0At the left side halfwidth for being locked in passage L transmission spectrums, namely at the peak value of passage 1；Launch laser frequency v-
On the left of the frequency spectrum of passage 1, and it is locked in the middle of the frequency spectrum of passage 1 and the frequency spectrum of passage 2；Launch laser frequency v+On the right side of the frequency spectrum of passage 1,
And be locked in the middle of the frequency spectrum of passage 1 and the frequency spectrum of passage 2.Atmospheric backscatter signal is collected via telescope, by concavees lens,
After narrow band pass filter, into high-speed electro-optic modulator, high-speed electro-optic modulator is connected with electrooptic modulator driving, electrooptic modulator
Atmospheric backscatter optical signal after blocking laser device light extraction in 0-4 μ s or so periods, can not only avoid reference optical signal and
Atmospheric backscatter optical signal aliasing prevents closely strong atmospheric backscatter optical signal together, again so that detector is full
With.The light beam come out from electrooptic modulator adjusts the polarization direction of linearly polarized light by half-wave plate again.The light come out from half-wave plate
Polarization direction, just can be completely through the first polarization beam splitter prism parallel to paper, and it is passed through after the second beam splitter by second
45 degree of speculum reflections.Reflected light sequentially passes through the 4th convex lens, field stop and the 5th convex lens.4th convex lens and the 5th
Convex lens are by the effective aperture size of beam expander to triple channel F-P etalons passage 1.Passed through from the 5th convex lens outgoing beam
After first polarization beam splitter prism and the first quarter-wave plate, the passage 1 of triple channel F-P etalons is incident to.From the outgoing of passage 1
Light beam the photosurface of the first photon counting mode photomultiplier is converged to by the 6th convex lens.The reflected beams of passage 1 are again
Secondary polarization direction is changed into perpendicular to paper after the first quarter-wave plate, is polarized by the first polarization beam splitter prism and second
Beam splitter prism reflects, then after the second quarter-wave plate, is incident to the passage 2 of triple channel F-P etalons.Go out from passage 2
The light beam penetrated is converged to the photosurface of the second photon counting mode photomultiplier by the 7th convex lens.The reflected beams of passage 2
Again pass by after the second quarter-wave plate, polarization direction is changed into parallel to paper, it is directed through the second polarization beam splitter prism,
The photosurface of three-photon count mode photomultiplier is converged to by the 8th convex lens again.The design of the cascade receiving light path,
The atmospheric backscatter signal for receiving radar telescope is fully used, and substantially increases the noise of each parameter detection
Than.
Due to using above-mentioned technical proposal, advantage for present invention and good effect are：With existing laser radar
System is compared, and 1, realizing separate unit radar, high-acruracy survey 0-35km (Troposphere and lower stratosphere) wind field, temperature are gentle simultaneously
Colloidal sol optical characteristics；2nd, four edge Rayleighs-Mie scattering based on bifrequency and two cascade FP etalons is employed to Wind field measurement
Wind measurement technology.Signal to noise ratio is effectively increased using tandem type light path；Bifrequency detection can not only avoid positive and negative wind speed from visiting
Survey precision inconsistent, it is often more important that also eliminate because of two edge gateway receiving light path optical efficiencies, detective quantum efficiencies
Deng measuring wind speed error caused by parametric calibration error；The theoretical expression of strict derived cascade etalon frequency spectrum function is used
In system calibration, measurement accuracy is effectively increased；3rd, two cascade FP etalons are employed to lower atmosphere layer temperature sensing and are utilized
Rear class FP etalons twin-stage spectrum composes the technology of both wings detection to Rayleigh scattering；Two cascade FP are employed to upper atmosphere temperature sensing
Etalon is to Rayleigh scattering spectrum middle part with both wings while Detection Techniques.In the lower atmosphere layer that aerosol concentration is larger, prime FP marks
Quasi- tool has filtered out most Mie scattering signals and part background signal, improves the Rayleigh scattering letter for inciding rear class etalon
Number signal to noise ratio, greatly reduce influence of the Mie scattering signal to temperature survey；Adjacent two-stage using rear class FP etalons is saturating
Penetrate spectrum to detect Rayleigh scattering spectrum both wings simultaneously, while detection signal to noise ratio is improved, improve temperature sensing sensitivity
One times；Transmission signal is normalized using the reflected signal of rear class FP etalons, the absolute measurement to atmospheric temperature is realized.
Signal in the middle part of the insignificant upper atmosphere of aerosol, prime FP etalons measurement Rayleigh spectrum (temperature control is negative)；Rear class
FP etalons measurement Rayleigh scattering spectrum both wings signal (temperature control is just), is realized to big temperature using the ratio of two signals
The high-precision absolute measurement of degree.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of the present invention.
1. injection seeded light source in Fig. 1,2. first convex lens, 3. optoisolators, 4. acousto-optic frequency shifters, 5. second convex lens
Mirror, 6. the 3rd convex lens, 7. pulse Nd：YAG laser, 8. first beam splitters, 9. beam expanding lens, 10. the 1st degree of speculums,
11. two-dimensional scanner, 12. glass plates, 13. Cassegrain telescopes, 14. concavees lens, 15. narrow band pass filters, 16. electric light are adjusted
Device processed, 17. half-wave plates, 18. second beam splitters, 19. the 2nd 45 degree of speculums, 20. the 4th convex lens, 21. field stops, 22.
5th convex lens, 23. first polarization beam splitter prisms, 24. first quarter-wave plates, 25. triple channel F-P etalons, 26. the 6th
Convex lens, 27. first photon counting mode photomultipliers, 28. second polarization beam splitter prisms, 29. second quarter-wave plates,
30. the 7th convex lens, 31. second photon counting mode photomultipliers, 32. the 8th convex lens, 33. three-photon count modes
Photomultiplier, 34. first optical patchcords, 35. integrating spheres, 36. second optical patchcords, 37. the 9th convex lens, 38. polarizers,
39. the 3rd beam splitter, 40. the 3rd 45 degree of speculums, 41. the tenth convex lens, 42. the 11st convex lens, 43. aperture diaphragms, 44.
4th beam splitter, 45. the 12nd convex lens, 46. first analog detection pattern photomultipliers, 47. the 13rd convex lens, 48.
Second analog detection pattern photomultiplier, 49. seed light driving power supplies, 50.A/D cards and photon counting capture card, 51. triggerings
Circuit, 52.FP etalon controllers, the driving of 53. acousto-optic frequency shifters, the driving of 54. electrooptic modulators, 55. laser driven power supplies,
56. two-dimensional scanner controller, 57. industrial computers.
The schematic diagram of 0-35km atmospheric winds, temperature and aerosol is detected while Fig. 2 is the present invention.
Four edge Rayleighs-Mie scattering Wind measurement based on bifrequency and two cascade FP etalons that Fig. 3 is the present invention is former
Reason figure.
Fig. 4 is the aerosol detection schematic diagram based on two cascade FP etalons of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is cascading FP etalons based on two and composing two to Rayleigh scattering using rear class FP etalons twin-stage spectrum for the present invention
The lower atmosphere layer temperature sensing schematic diagram of wing detection.
Fig. 6 is cascading FP etalons based on two and utilizing prime etalon single-stage spectrum and rear class etalon twin-stage for the present invention
Compose and the upper atmosphere temperature sensing schematic diagram that middle part is detected simultaneously with both wings is composed to Rayleigh scattering.
Embodiment
The structural frames of the present invention are as shown in fig. 1.In Fig. 1 injection seeded light source (1) respectively with seed light driving power supply (49),
Triggers circuit (51) be connected, after the seed light elder generation that injection seeded light source (1) is sent through the first convex lens (2), optoisolator (3),
After acousto-optic frequency shifters (4), the second convex lens (5), the 3rd convex lens (6), injected pulse Nd：YAG laser (7), sends 355nm
Linear polarization pulsed light.Acousto-optic frequency shifters (4) are connected with acousto-optic frequency shifters driving (53), are controlled by drive signal from acousto-optic frequency shift
The light frequency that device (4) comes out is in v0、v-=v0- 2GHz and v+=v0Alternate change between+2GHz.Pulse Nd：YAG laser (7)
It is connected with laser driven power supply (55), from pulse Nd：The light pulse that YAG laser (7) is sent is divided into two by the first beam splitter (8)
Beam.The transmitted light beam of most of energy is accounted for after beam expanding lens (9) is expanded, after 45 degree of speculums (10) in telescope (13),
In the optical axis direction directive two-dimensional scanner (11) of telescope (13), after two-dimensional scanner (11) is guide-lighting, vertically through glass
Glass flat board (12) enters Atmospheric Survey region, and first piece of speculum of two-dimensional scanner (11) is in 45 with the optical axis of telescope (13)
Second piece of speculum of degree angle, glass plate (12) and two-dimensional scanner (11) leads in 45 degree of angles, two-dimensional scanner (11)
Cross data control line with two-dimensional scanner controller (56) to be connected, atmospheric backscatter signal is collected via telescope (13),
After concavees lens (14), narrow band pass filter (15), into high-speed electro-optic modulator (16), high-speed electro-optic modulator (16) and electricity
Optical modulator driving (54) is connected, after the air after electrooptic modulator (16) blocking laser device light extraction in 0-4 μ s or so periods
To scattered light signal, it can not only avoid reference optical signal together with atmospheric backscatter optical signal aliasing, prevent again closely
Strong atmospheric backscatter optical signal causes detector saturation.The light beam come out from electrooptic modulator (16) passes through half-wave plate again
(17) polarization direction of linearly polarized light is adjusted.The light polarization direction come out from half-wave plate (17), just can be with complete parallel to paper
Full impregnated crosses the first polarization beam splitter prism (23), and it is passed through after the second beam splitter (18) by the 2nd 45 degree of speculum (19) reflection.Instead
Penetrate light and sequentially pass through the 4th convex lens (20), field stop (21) and the 5th convex lens (22).4th convex lens (20) and the 5th
Convex lens (22) are by the effective aperture size of beam expander to triple channel F-P etalons (25) passage 1.From the 5th convex lens (22)
After outgoing beam is through the first polarization beam splitter prism (23) and the first quarter-wave plate (24), triple channel F-P standards are incident to
Has the passage 1 of (25).The first photon counting mode photomultiplier transit is converged to from the light beam of the outgoing of passage 1 by the 6th convex lens (26)
Manage the photosurface of (27).The reflected beams of passage 1 are again passed by after the first quarter-wave plate (24), and polarization direction is changed into vertical
In paper, reflected by the first polarization beam splitter prism (23) and the second polarization beam splitter prism (28), then by the second quarter-wave
After piece (29), the passage 2 of triple channel F-P etalons (25) is incident to.Light beam from the outgoing of passage 2 is by the 7th convex lens (30) meeting
Gather to the photosurface of the second photon counting mode photomultiplier (31).The reflected beams of passage 2 again pass by the two or four/
After one wave plate (29), polarization direction is changed into parallel to paper, and it is directed through the second polarization beam splitter prism (28), then convex by the 8th
Lens (32) converge to the photosurface of three-photon count mode photomultiplier (33).First beam splitter (8) accounts for little energy
The reflected beams integrating sphere (35) is coupled into by the first optical patchcord (34), the light beam pulsewidth come out from integrating sphere (35) is opened up
Width, it is coupled into the second optical patchcord (36) again.Outgoing beam is after the 9th convex lens (37) collimation, then by polarizer
(38), and by the 3rd beam splitter (39) it is divided into two beams, polarizer (38) is polarized that direction is parallel and paper.Account for most of energy
The reflected beams are expanded after the 3rd 45 degree of speculum (40) reflection by the tenth convex lens (41) and the 11st convex lens (42).
Light beam after expanding is compressed to triple channel F-P etalons (25) passage L effective aperture size by aperture diaphragm (43).Through
The light beam of aperture diaphragm (43) is divided into two beams by the 4th beam splitter (44), and the reflected beams converge to by the 12nd convex lens (45)
The photosurface of one analog detection pattern photomultiplier (46)；Transmitted light beam is incident to the passage of triple channel F-P etalons (25)
L.The light of the second analog detection pattern photomultiplier (48) is converged to by the 13rd convex lens (47) from the light beam of passage L outgoing
Quick face.The transmitted light beam of 3rd beam splitter (39) by the second beam splitter (18) reflection after, then by with back scattering optical signal one
The light path of sample, but stagger in sequential with back scattering optical signal.First analog detection pattern photomultiplier (46) and the second mould
Intend detection mode photomultiplier (48) with A/D cards (50) to be connected, the first photon counting mode photomultiplier (27), the second light
Sub-count pattern photomultiplier (31) and three-photon count mode photomultiplier (33) are counted with multi-channel photon to be gathered
Block (50) to be connected.A/D cards are connected with photon counting capture card (50) with triggers circuit (51), FP etalons controller (52) and three
Passage FP etalons (25) are connected, seed light driving power supply (49), triggers circuit (51), FP etalons controller (52), acousto-optic
Frequency shifter driving (53), electrooptic modulator driving (54), laser driven power supply (55), two-dimensional scanner controller (56) and industry control
Machine (57) is connected, and is uniformly controlled by industrial computer (57).
Specific detection method of the present invention is as follows.Acousto-optic frequency shifters (4) and acousto-optic frequency shifters driving (53) control hair
Laser frequency is penetrated, makes its frequency in v0、v-And v+Between alternate change.Launch laser and one small portion is reflected by the first beam splitter (8)
Point, as reference light after integrating sphere (35) broadening pulsewidth, by the passage L of triple channel F-P etalons (25), utilize first
The ratio that analog detection pattern photomultiplier (46) and the second analog detection pattern photomultiplier (48) receive signal is measured
Tranmitting frequency is v0When reference light frequency and lock it at the left waist halfwidth of passage L transmitances, i.e. passage I etalons
Near the peak of transmitance, as shown in Figure 2.Most of transmitting laser is transmitted through after the first beam splitter (8), by beam expanding lens
(9) expand into telescope (13), after two-dimensional scanner (11) is guide-lighting, Atmospheric Survey region is entered with specified direction.
In the course of work, the working method of three beam scannings of two-dimensional scanner (11) use in a detection cycle, a branch of sensing zenith,
It is all 30 ° of directions that another two beam, which points to mutually orthogonal, zenith angle,.When pointing to zenith, laser frequency is sent first for v0Light beam.
Backscatter signal light first passes through the passage 1 of triple channel F-P etalons (25), through most Mie scattering optical signal and on a small quantity
Rayleigh scattering optical signal, and received by the first photon counting mode photomultiplier (27)；The passage 1 of F-P etalons (25)
Reflected signal passes through the passage 2 of triple channel F-P etalons (25), permeation parts Rayleigh scattering optical signal, and by the second photon again
Count mode photomultiplier (31) is received；The passage 2 of F-P etalons (25) reflects most of Rayleigh scattering optical signal and few
The Mie scattering optical signal of amount, and received by three-photon count mode photomultiplier (33).Utilize three photon counting modes
The reception signal of photomultiplier (27), (31) and (33), use nonlinear iteration method can be obtained with inverting atmospheric temperature and
Aerosol, as shown in Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6.Then, then respectively transmitting laser frequency is v-And v+Light beam.Utilize first and second
Photon counting mode photomultiplier (27), (31) receive the ratio of signal, and vertical velocity component can be obtained with inverting.Work as sensing
When mutually orthogonal, zenith angle is all 30 ° of directions, laser frequency is sent first for v0A small amount of light pulse, utilize triple channel F-P mark
The passage L locking transmitting laser frequencies of quasi- tool (25).Then, then respectively transmitting laser frequency is v-And v+Light beam, utilize a He
Second photon counting mode photomultiplier (27), (31) receive signal ratio, respectively measure both direction on footpath aweather
Speed, as shown in Figure 3.The size and Orientation of horizontal wind speed can be obtained by carrying out Vector modulation again.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of can detect the ultraviolet three frequencies bloom based on F-P etalons of 0-35km height wind field, temperature and aerosol simultaneously
Spectral resolution lidar system, by injection seeded light source, the first convex lens, optoisolator, acousto-optic frequency shifters, the second convex lens
Mirror, the 3rd convex lens, pulse Nd：YAG laser, the first beam splitter, beam expanding lens, the one 45 degree of speculum, two-dimensional scanner, glass
Glass flat board, Cassegrain telescope, concavees lens, narrow band pass filter, electrooptic modulator, half-wave plate, the second beam splitter, the 2nd 45 degree
Speculum, the 4th convex lens, field stop, the 5th convex lens, the first polarization beam splitter prism, the first quarter-wave plate, threeway
Road F-P etalons, the 6th convex lens, the first photon counting mode photomultiplier, the second polarization beam splitter prism, the two or four/
One wave plate, the 7th convex lens, the second photon counting mode photomultiplier, the 8th convex lens, three-photon count mode photoelectricity
Multiplier tube, the first optical patchcord, integrating sphere, the second optical patchcord, the 9th convex lens, polarizer, the 3rd beam splitter, the 3rd 45 degree
Speculum, the tenth convex lens, the 11st convex lens, aperture diaphragm, the 4th beam splitter, the 12nd convex lens, the first analog detection
Pattern photomultiplier, the 13rd convex lens, the second analog detection pattern photomultiplier, seed light driving power supply, A/D cards and
Photon counting capture card, triggers circuit, FP etalons controller, acousto-optic frequency shifters driving, electrooptic modulator driving, Laser Driven
Power supply, two-dimensional scanner controller and industrial computer composition, it is characterized in that：Injection seeded light source respectively with seed light driving power supply,
Triggers circuit is connected, through the first convex lens, optoisolator, acousto-optic frequency shifters, the after the seed light elder generation that injection seeded light source is sent
After two convex lens, the 3rd convex lens, injected pulse Nd：YAG laser, sends 355nm linear polarization pulsed light.Acousto-optic frequency shifters
Be connected with acousto-optic frequency shifters driving, the light frequency come out by drive signal control from acousto-optic frequency shifters is in v0、v-=v0- 2GHz and
v+=v0Alternate change between+2GHz.The tool design of three channel standards is integral (freely composing spacing identical), it is ensured that each frequency spectrum it
Between relative stability.The spacing of freely composing of three channel standard tools is all 8GHz, and passage L spectrum width is 0.2GHz, the He of passage 1
The spectrum width of passage 2 is all 1GHz, the peak to peak separation of passage 1 and passage 2 is 4GHz, is the half for freely composing spacing, i.e. passage 1
Certain grade of frequency spectrum is in the centre of the adjacent two-stage frequency spectrum of passage 2.Passage 1 and passage L peak to peak separation are 0.1GHz.The design parameter pair
Wind speed, temperature and aerosol Back-scattering ratio measurement accuracy almost reach optimal simultaneously.Launch laser frequency in v0It is locked in
At the left side halfwidth of passage L transmission spectrums, namely at the peak value of passage 1；Launch laser frequency v-On the left of the frequency spectrum of passage 1, and
It is locked in the middle of the frequency spectrum of passage 1 and the frequency spectrum of passage 2；Launch laser frequency v+On the right side of the frequency spectrum of passage 1, and it is locked in the frequency of passage 1
In the middle of spectrum and the frequency spectrum of passage 2.Atmospheric backscatter signal is collected via telescope, after concavees lens, narrow band pass filter, is entered
Enter high-speed electro-optic modulator, high-speed electro-optic modulator is connected with electrooptic modulator driving, electrooptic modulator blocking laser device light extraction
The atmospheric backscatter optical signal in 0-4 μ s or so periods, can not only avoid reference optical signal and atmospheric backscatter light afterwards
Signal aliasing prevents closely strong atmospheric backscatter optical signal together, again so that detector saturation.From electrooptic modulator
Light beam out adjusts the polarization direction of linearly polarized light by half-wave plate again.The light polarization direction come out from half-wave plate is parallel to paper
Face, just can be completely through the first polarization beam splitter prism, and it is passed through after the second beam splitter by the 2nd 45 degree of speculum reflection.Instead
Penetrate light and sequentially pass through the 4th convex lens, field stop and the 5th convex lens.4th convex lens and the 5th convex lens are by beam expander
To the effective aperture size of triple channel F-P etalons passage 1.The first polarization beam splitter prism is passed through from the 5th convex lens outgoing beam
After the first quarter-wave plate, the passage 1 of triple channel F-P etalons is incident to.Light beam from the outgoing of passage 1 is by the 6th convex lens
Mirror converges to the photosurface of the first photon counting mode photomultiplier.The reflected beams of passage 1 again pass by the one or four/
After one wave plate, polarization direction is changed into perpendicular to paper, is reflected by the first polarization beam splitter prism and the second polarization beam splitter prism, then pass through
Cross after the second quarter-wave plate, be incident to the passage 2 of triple channel F-P etalons.Light beam from the outgoing of passage 2 is by the 7th convex lens
Mirror converges to the photosurface of the second photon counting mode photomultiplier.The reflected beams of passage 2 again pass by the two or four/
After one wave plate, polarization direction is changed into parallel to paper, and it is directed through the second polarization beam splitter prism, then is assembled by the 8th convex lens
To the photosurface of three-photon count mode photomultiplier.The design of the cascade receiving light path, receives radar telescope
Atmospheric backscatter signal be fully used, substantially increase the signal to noise ratio of each parameter detection.
2. a kind of can detect the ultraviolet three frequencies bloom based on F-P etalons of 0-35km height wind field, temperature and aerosol simultaneously
Spectral resolution lidar detection method, including：
Four edge Rayleighs-Mie scattering Wind measurement method based on bifrequency and two cascade FP etalons.It is characterized in that：Using level
Connection formula light path effectively increases signal to noise ratio；Bifrequency detection can not only avoid positive and negative wind speed detection accuracy inconsistent, more important
Be to also eliminate caused by the parametric calibration errors such as two edge gateway receiving light path optical efficiencies, detective quantum efficiencies
Measuring wind speed error；The theoretical expression of strict derived cascade etalon frequency spectrum function is used for system calibration, effectively improved
Measurement accuracy.
Temperature and aerosol optical characteristics based on two cascade FP etalons are while detection method.It is characterized in that：It is dense in aerosol
The larger lower atmosphere layer of degree, prime FP etalons have filtered out most Mie scattering signals and part background signal, improve into
The signal to noise ratio of the Rayleigh scattering signal of rear class etalon is mapped to, influence of the Mie scattering signal to temperature survey is greatly reduced；Profit
Rayleigh scattering spectrum both wings are detected simultaneously with the adjacent two-stage transmission spectrum of rear class FP etalons, the same of detection signal to noise ratio is being improved
When, temperature sensing sensitivity is doubled；Transmission signal is normalized using the reflected signal of rear class FP etalons, realized
Absolute measurement to atmospheric temperature.In the middle part of the insignificant upper atmosphere of aerosol, prime FP etalons measurement Rayleigh spectrum
Signal (temperature control is negative)；Rear class FP etalons measurement Rayleigh scattering spectrum both wings signal (temperature control is just), is utilized
The ratio of two signals realizes the high-precision absolute measurement to atmospheric temperature.Utilize the transmission spectrum and rear class FP of prime FP etalons
Rice and Rayleigh beacon Signal separator are measured aerosol optical characteristics by the reflectance spectrum of etalon.
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