CN1648097B - 用焚烧灰分制造的结晶化人造大理石及其制造方法 - Google Patents

用焚烧灰分制造的结晶化人造大理石及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1648097B
CN1648097B CN2004100115389A CN200410011538A CN1648097B CN 1648097 B CN1648097 B CN 1648097B CN 2004100115389 A CN2004100115389 A CN 2004100115389A CN 200410011538 A CN200410011538 A CN 200410011538A CN 1648097 B CN1648097 B CN 1648097B
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crystallization
artificial marble
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CN1648097A (zh
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俞永锡
申铉喆
池在成
严寿子
金大渊
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ECOSUM Co Ltd
Korea Lnstitute Of Construction Technology
Hyosung Corp
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Abstract

一种用焚烧灰分制造结晶化人造大理石的方法。在该制造方法中，将50重量％至80重量％的焚烧飞灰与20重量％至50重量％的SiO2以及0.1重量％至3重量％的用于着色、澄清和增强的添加剂相混合。在1300℃至1500℃将混合物熔融0.5小时至1.5小时并水冷以形成颗粒状熔渣。然后根据尺寸筛分该颗粒状熔渣以分离细颗粒。将所述颗粒状熔渣装入耐火模具中，在1000℃～1200℃下将所述颗粒状熔渣热处理约1小时或少于1小时的时间，然后在850℃～1050℃下热处理约2小时或少于2小时的时间。

Description

用焚烧灰分制造的结晶化人造大理石及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明一般涉及一种人造大理石，特别是用焚烧灰分制造的结晶化的人造大理石。
背景技术
随着工业的持续发展，多种固体垃圾也在世界范围内大量增加。城市垃圾和工业垃圾主要通过掩埋和焚烧处理，只有少部分被回收或再利用。
焚烧会散发出有毒气体并产生灰分，这些都需要进行处理。当然，尽管散发有毒气体的问题受到较大关注，但全世界也普遍在研究焚烧灰分的处理问题。
通常，垃圾燃烧产生两种副产物，即底灰和飞灰，其中含有多种成分，如CaO、Cl和SiO2。最近有人尝试将焚烧灰分用作工程和建筑业的主要材料或添加剂。
在一些国家，在该领域中已经出现了一些相关技术。例如，已有报道，通过预处理底灰和在1300℃～1500℃熔融飞灰而将焚烧灰分用做非结构骨料和筑堤材料。
此外，还出现了一种制造有色玻璃的技术，方法是将焚烧灰分与添加剂混合，将它们在1400℃～1500℃熔融，然后在900℃热处理2～3小时。然而，该技术在商业应用中具有诸如较差的物理强度和硬度、难于表现表面图案以及表面图案单调等缺陷。
另外，还提出了另一项在高于1200℃的高温下塑化焚烧灰分10小时或更长时间的技术。然而，由于产品的物理特性不佳，因此该技术无法保证使用效果。
另外还已知其它的技术，它是在通过水洗除去氯元素后，熔融和结晶化焚烧灰分，然后将粉末干燥。但是，由于它需要用水处理大量的焚烧灰分，因此该技术很难应用于实际操作。而且，该技术还具有其他一些缺点，例如被污染的水的处理、批量处理的问题、相关的高成本和难以完全结晶化等。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供具有逼真的色彩和优美的图案的结晶化人造大理石。
本发明的另一个目的是提供制造结晶化人造大理石的方法，该方法不需要高成本的诸如洗涤和干燥等预处理过程。
为了达到上述和其他目的，本发明提供用焚烧灰分制造结晶化人造大理石的方法，该方法包括以下步骤。
该方法包括以下步骤：将50重量％～80重量％的焚烧飞灰与20重量％～50重量％的SiO2以及0.1重量％～3重量％的用于着色、澄清和增强的添加剂混合。该方法还包括在1300℃～1500℃将经混合的焚烧飞灰熔融0.5小时～1.5小时的步骤。该方法还包括将熔融的焚烧飞灰水冷从而形成颗粒状熔渣的步骤。该方法还包括筛分颗粒状熔渣，以便按尺寸分离细颗粒的步骤。并且，该方法包括将所述颗粒状熔渣装入耐火模具的步骤。该方法还包括以下步骤：在1000℃～1200℃温度下对所述颗粒状熔渣热处理约1小时或少于1小时的时间，然后在850℃～1050℃热处理约2小时或少于2小时的时间。
本发明的方法中，添加剂可以包括至少一种选自TiO2、ZrO2、CaF2、ZnO、PbO、Cr2O3、MnO2、Co3O4、NiO、CuO、SeO2和Cd(NO3)2的颜料，以及至少一种选自Na2O、B2O3和CaF2的增强剂。
此外，本发明提供通过上述方法制造的结晶化人造大理石。
附图说明
图1显示了根据本发明的示例性实施方式用焚烧灰分制造结晶化人造大理石的制造方法。
图2显示了根据本发明的示例性实施方式用焚烧灰分制造结晶化人造大理石的制造方法中所使用的温度-时间曲线图。
图3为根据本发明的示例性实施方式用焚烧灰分制造的结晶化人造大理石的的照片。
图4为在根据本发明的示例性实施方式用焚烧灰分制造结晶化人造大理石的方法中，在热处理期间所产生的沉淀相的照片。
具体实施方式
下文将结合附图对本发明的示例性、非限定性实施方式进行更充分的说明。然而本发明可以以多种不同方式实现，而不能被认为仅限于这里所述的示例性实施方式。更确切的说，提供所披露的实施方式是为了能够充分和完整地公开，并对本领域的技术人员充分表达本发明的范围。可以在多种不同的实施方式中应用本发明的原则和特征而不脱离本发明的范围。
图1显示了根据本发明的示例性实施方式用焚烧灰分制造结晶化人造大理石的制造方法。图2显示了根据本发明的示例性实施方式用焚烧灰分制造结晶化人造大理石的制造方法中所使用的温度-时间曲线图。
参考图1和2，开始时，将60.0重量％的焚烧飞灰与39.8重量％的SiO2和0.2重量％的颜料、澄清剂和增强剂混合。
将上述混合物放入熔炉中，在
Figure G2004100115389D00031
熔融约1小时。将熔融的材料从熔炉中取出，同时进行水冷以形成颗粒状熔渣。
随后，将颗粒状熔渣筛分，从而根据尺寸分离细颗粒。然后，将颗粒状熔渣装入耐火模具中。
将容纳有熔渣的耐火模具在熔炉里在1000℃～1200℃热处理约1小时或少于1小时的时间，然后在850℃～1050℃热处理约1～2小时，这样即可得到结晶化人造大理石。
结晶化人造大理石可呈现出多种颜色，如淡绿色、深绿色、深蓝色、红棕色、藏青色、暗灰色、橄榄灰色和暗黄褐色，并具有多种图案。
图3为显示了结晶化人造大理石样品的照片。图4为在制造过程中在热处理期间所产生的沉淀相的照片。
根据该实施方式制造的结晶化人造大理石的物理性质如表1所示，并与现有制品、普通大理石和细粒花岗岩进行对比。
表1
  实施方式   现有制品   普通大理石   细粒花岗岩
  比重   2.74   2.7   2.7   2.6
  弯曲强度   460   510   170   150
  耐压强度   3900   3400   1.6   1.8
  硬度   6.5   6.5   4   5.5
  吸收率   0.00   0.00   0.30   0.10
如表1所示，本实施方式中的结晶化人造大理石决不比现有制品、普通大理石和细粒花岗岩差。
如上所述，本发明的结晶化人造大理石通过使用含有大量氯和重金属的焚烧飞灰来制造。此外，制造本发明的结晶化人造大理石不需要高成本的诸如洗涤和干燥等预处理过程，同时仅用添加剂和SiO2来调节碱度。如果SiO2含量小于20重量％，则难以控制碱度。另一方面，如果SiO2含量大于50重量％，则难以形成产物。因此，优选SiO2的含量为20重量％～50重量％。
本发明的制造方法不需要诸如洗涤和干燥等预处理过程，所以整个制造方法被简化且降低了相关费用。而且它不仅能够通过调节颗粒尺寸而呈现出多种精致的大理石图案，而且还可以通过加入少量的氧化物来呈现出不同的颜色，所述氧化物有例如TiO2、ZrO2、CaF2、ZnO、PbO、Cr2O3、MnO2、Co3O4、NiO、CuO、SeO2和Cd(NO3)2。
因此，本发明的结晶化大理石质地柔和且具有优异的硬度和良好的耐候性。另外，本发明的结晶化人造大理石能加工成薄至10mm或更小的厚度，因此它可以广泛应用于住宅和商业用途。
尽管已经对本发明进行了具体说明并参考其示例性的实施方式进行了描述，但本领域的技术人员应该理解，在不脱离如所附的权利要求中所定义本发明的精神和范围内，可以在形式和细节上进行多种变化。

Claims (4)

1.用焚烧灰分制造结晶化人造大理石的方法，该方法包括：
将50重量％至80重量％的焚烧飞灰与20重量％至50重量％的SiO2以及0.1重量％至3重量％的用于着色、澄清和增强的添加剂相混合；
在1300℃至1500℃将混合的焚烧飞灰熔融0.5小时至1.5小时；
将熔融的焚烧飞灰进行水冷以形成颗粒状熔渣；
筛分该颗粒状熔渣以根据尺寸分离细颗粒；
将所述颗粒状熔渣装入耐火模具中；和
在1000℃～1200℃下将所述颗粒状熔渣热处理约1小时或少于1小时的时间，然后在850℃～1050℃下热处理约2小时或少于2小时的时间。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述的添加剂包括至少一种选自TiO2、ZrO2、CaF2、ZnO、PbO、Cr2O3、MnO2、Co3O4、NiO、CuO、SeO2和Cd(NO3)2的颜料，以及至少一种选自Na2O、B2O3和CaF2的增强剂。
3.用如权利要求1所述的方法制造的结晶化人造大理石。
4.用如权利要求2所述的方法制造的结晶化人造大理石。
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