CN1646866A - 通过节能器注射口注入液态和汽态制冷剂 - Google Patents

通过节能器注射口注入液态和汽态制冷剂 Download PDF

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CN1646866A
CN1646866A CNA038077817A CN03807781A CN1646866A CN 1646866 A CN1646866 A CN 1646866A CN A038077817 A CNA038077817 A CN A038077817A CN 03807781 A CN03807781 A CN 03807781A CN 1646866 A CN1646866 A CN 1646866A
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economizer
liquid
valve
refrigerating circuit
compressor
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CN100338408C (zh
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A·利夫森
J·W·布什
M·F·塔拉斯
H·H·小弗拉塞尔
R·G·路易斯
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Carrier Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/04—Heating; Cooling; Heat insulation
    • F04C29/042—Heating; Cooling; Heat insulation by injecting a fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/022—Compressor control arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/02—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
    • F04C18/0207—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form
    • F04C18/0215—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form where only one member is moving
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/04—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type
    • F25B1/047—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type of screw type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/13—Economisers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/02—Compressor control
    • F25B2600/026—Compressor control by controlling unloaders
    • F25B2600/0261—Compressor control by controlling unloaders external to the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2509—Economiser valves

Abstract

一种改进的设备和一种以中间压力将一种液体/蒸气注入压缩室的方法，利用压缩机上已有的节能器注射口。通过将一种将要注入压缩室的液体与节能器回流管路有选择地相连通，利用所述节能器回流管路及其注射口注入液体/蒸气。在这种情况下，在所述压缩机额外的流动连接是必要的。并且，通过在中间压缩点注入所述液体，还可以获得其他好处。一般而言，注入所述液体可以降低制冷剂在一定运行条件下的排出温度。

Description

通过节能器注射口注入液态和汽态制冷剂
技术领域
本申请涉及一种制冷压缩机，其中一种蒸气/液体混合物通过节能器注射口注入中间压力室，这样不必再为注入蒸气和液体而分别提供注射口。
背景技术
压缩机用来为空调、冷却等制冷压缩应用压缩制冷剂。要提供最有效的制冷剂回路控制面临许多挑战。特别是在某些运行条件下，人们希望增强用于制冷回路的功率，或提高其运行效率。增强功率或提高效率的一种方法是在制冷回路中设置一个节能器回路。节能器回路主要在冷凝器下游的主制冷剂流和次制冷剂流之间进行传热，所述次制冷剂流从所述冷凝器下游分流出来并经过一个膨胀阀。所述主制冷剂流在热交换器中被次制冷剂流冷却。
通过这种方式，冷凝器的所述主制冷剂流在流经其自己的膨胀阀并进入蒸发器之前即被冷却。由于所述主制冷剂流进入膨胀阀时的温度较低，它具有较大的吸收蒸发器中热量的能力，因而增加了系统制冷能力。所述次制冷剂流中的制冷剂在吸入管路下游和排放管路上游的一点进入压缩机的压缩室。即来自次制冷剂流管路的制冷剂在一个中间压缩点注入节能器口。由于注射器蒸气处于中间压力，所以，将它压缩到排放管路压力或冷凝器压力所需的能量要比当它以吸入管路压力或蒸发器压力注入时所需的能量少。因而减少了压缩机中的单位功，并由此提高了系统效率。
螺旋压缩机是一种利用节能器的涡形压缩机。通常，由一对间隔开的节能器注射口将流体注入中间压力室。
最近，本申请的受让人开发了一种系统，其中一个卸载阀也通过所述节能器注射口发挥作用。阀有选择地开启，可以控制卸载功能并允许流体从节能器口流出，经所述卸载阀流回吸入供给管路。
此外，有时人们希望向压缩室提供一种液体/蒸气制冷混合物以降低制冷剂的排出温度。在一定的运行条件下，降低排出温度有很大的益处。特别是，在高饱和的冷凝温度、高压力比或过热条件下，人们希望降低排出温度。将一种蒸气/液体混合物注入压缩室具有降低排出温度的效果，然而一般需要采用独立的注射口。也常见单独提供一组注射口以进行节能操作或注入液体，但不能二者兼顾。
发明内容
在本发明公开的实施例中，一个节能器回流管路有选择地与一个液体支线管路相连通，从冷凝器下游分流出液态制冷剂。所述液体支线管路的阀有选择地使所述液体与所述节能器回流管路相连通，并最终通过节能器注射口进入压缩室。这个阀在需要降低制冷剂的排出温度时可以开启。所述阀可以与节能器阀一同开启，或在节能器阀关闭时使用。此外，所述阀可以用来在卸载操作时提供液体。
通过节能器口注入液体，就可以不再需要分别提供节能器和液体注射口。此外，向中间位置而不是按现有技术在吸入管路注入液态制冷剂，并不会冲淡压缩机集液槽。
结合以下说明和附图，可以更好地理解本发明的上述和其他特征。以下是附图简要说明。
附图说明
图1是体现本发明的制冷系统示意图；
图1A是螺旋压缩机的截面图；
图2示出了第二个实施例；
图3示出了另一个实施例。
具体实施方式
图1示出了一个包括有蜗旋压缩机22的制冷回路20。如图1A所示，压缩机22包括一个运动涡卷23和一个非运动涡卷25。众所周知，两个涡卷件限定压缩室24。一个节能器注入管路26与两个注射口28相连通，在吸收和排放压力的一个中间点将节省的流体注回到压缩室24。虽然本发明具体公开的是一种蜗旋压缩机，但本发明也适用于其他类型的压缩机。特别是螺杆式压缩机也能从本发明中受益。
众所周知，一个排放管路30由压缩机出发连接到一个冷凝器32。冷凝器出口34通向节能热交换器40。支线管路36分流出口管路34的一部分并进入一个膨胀阀38。当在管路34和36中的这两部分流体流经热交换器40时，管路34中流体的热量被管路36中的流体带走。主制冷剂流管路34继续向节能热交换器40的出口44延伸，并最终到达一个主膨胀阀46。所述制冷剂从所述膨胀阀46经过一个蒸发器48，叉从蒸发器48经一个管路49返回到压缩机22中的一个吸入口51。支线管路36继续向节能热交换器40的第二出口26延伸，并最终到达压缩机22。在那里，制冷剂通过注射口28进入压缩室24。
如美国专利5,996,364所公开，可选的管路52包括可选择地开启的阀53，以便将吸入管路49连接到节能器管路26。当阀53开启时，节能器阀54通常被关闭。当阀53开启时，制冷剂经过所述注射口28进入管路52，然后回到吸入管路49。当需要降低功率时，通过一个控制器60来实现这一控制。而当需要节约操作时，控制器60将开启阀54并关闭阀53。虽然所述阀图54示位于管路26上，但可以理解，阀54同样可以位于管路36上。
这一点对于所公开的回路来说是公知的。本发明针对的对象包括从所述冷凝器32分流出液体的支管56。阀58和膨胀阀57被安装在管路56上，用来控制流向节能器管路26的液体流量。通过将液体引入管路26，液体在一个中间压力位置注入压缩室24。由于节能器注射口28用来注入液体，除了节能器蒸气外，所述压缩机中不再需要附加的流动结构。因而本发明能将液体注入到中间压缩室，并由此降低了排出温度且无需在压缩机中提供额外的流动连接等。
阀58由控制器60控制并被开启成使它通过节能器阀54或卸载阀53的开启，注入液体。此外，阀58在阀53和54都被关闭时也可以开启。
通常，控制器60可以编程确定采用何种运行状态会有益于液体注入压缩室24。
虽然，所公开和图示的阀57和58是独立的部件，但可以理解，阀57和58可以合并为单一的部件。阀36和54同样可以合并成为一个单一的部件。此外，膨胀阀36和57还可以是一个毛细管或固定孔。
如图2所示，第二实施例120与图1的实施例相似，只是支管156位于节能热交换器出口44和主膨胀阀46中间。此外，支管156将流经膨胀装置157并流向断流阀158的液体分流。所述阀158再次开启以将液体注入到管路26，且使液体最终流入节能器注射口28。这一实施例的运行和控制与图1的实施例类似。
图3示出了另一个实施例220，其中节能器膨胀阀238是一个电子膨胀阀。这种阀可以由控制器60来控制以使节能器管路流量溢出，这样一旦进行节能操作，被控制流量的液态制冷剂就会通过节能器回流管路26回流。这样就不必再设置单独的液体注入管路了。
液态制冷剂的分流是本领域普通技术。此外，当附图中示出多个独立的“控制器”时，应理解为单一的计算机控制器也可以控制示意图中所示的所有元件。
因而，本发明可以在一个简化的系统中以一个中间压力将液态制冷剂注入压缩室，且不需要与压缩机22额外的流动连接。公开了一个优选的实施例之后，本领域的普通技术人员将认识到在本发明的范围会出现某种改进。为此，应该研究下面的权利要求以确定本发明真正的范围和内容。

Claims (8)

1、一种制冷回路，包括：
压缩机，其具有吸入管路，排放管路和处于吸入管路和排放管路中间压力下的中间压力压缩室；
冷凝器，其与所述压缩机的排放管路相连通；
节能热交换器和节能器支管，其从所述冷凝器的出口管路分流出节能器液体，所述支管经过所述节能热交换器上游的节能器膨胀阀，这样热量在所述冷凝器的主出口管路和所述节能热交换器的所述节能器支管之间进行交换；
所述主流管路经过主膨胀装置，然后到达蒸发器；
所述节能器流体经过节能器阀，进入节能器回流管路，并到达注射口，以与返回所述中间压力压缩室的节能器流体相连通；和
液体支线管路，用于分流液态制冷剂并通过所述节能器注射口将其注入到所述压缩室。
2、如权利要求1所述的一种制冷回路，其特征在于：所述压缩机是一个蜗旋压缩机，并且有一对间隔的节能器注射口，用于与所述中间压力压缩室相连通。
3、如权利要求1所述的一种制冷回路，其特征在于：安装在所述节能器回流管路和所述吸入管路连接管路上的卸载阀，可选择地开启所述卸载阀的控制器。
4、如权利要求1所述的一种制冷回路，其特征在于：独立的液体注入阀设置在将所述支线管路连接到所述节能器回流管路的管路上，所述液体注入阀可以控制成使它可以在所述卸载阀开启时开启。
5、如权利要求4所述的一种制冷回路，其特征在于：所述节能器阀和所述流体注入阀可以同时开启。
6、如权利要求1所述的一种制冷回路，其特征在于：所述液体支线管路从所述节能器支管和所述冷凝器排放管路的中间位置分支。
7、如权利要求1所述的一种制冷回路，其特征在于：所述液体支管位于所述主出口管路，并且处于所述节能热交换器和所述主膨胀装置中间。
8、如权利要求1所述的一种制冷回路，其特征在于：所述液体支线管路由所述节能器支管供给，并通过控制所述节能器膨胀阀将额外的液体注入所述节能器回流管路。
CNB038077817A 2002-04-04 2003-03-19 制冷回路 Expired - Fee Related CN100338408C (zh)

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US10/115,622 2002-04-04
US10/115,622 US6571576B1 (en) 2002-04-04 2002-04-04 Injection of liquid and vapor refrigerant through economizer ports

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CN100338408C CN100338408C (zh) 2007-09-19

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DE (1) DE60317491T2 (zh)
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CN101495820B (zh) * 2005-08-09 2011-05-18 开利公司 用于风扇和制冷剂系统的自动驱动器
CN102538298A (zh) * 2010-11-23 2012-07-04 Lg电子株式会社 热泵及其控制方法
CN102109249B (zh) * 2005-08-22 2012-09-19 艾默生环境优化技术有限公司 具有蒸气注射系统的压缩机
CN104838144A (zh) * 2012-09-27 2015-08-12 爱尔特制造有限公司 用于增强压缩机效率的装置和方法
CN105697370A (zh) * 2014-12-09 2016-06-22 艾默生环境优化技术有限公司 容量调节的涡旋压缩机

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US6955059B2 (en) * 2003-03-14 2005-10-18 Carrier Corporation Vapor compression system
DE602004026510D1 (de) * 2003-07-18 2010-05-27 Star Refrigeration Verbesserte überkritische Kältekreislaufanlage
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