CN1179175C - 在节能装置和吸入装置之间具有卸载阀的涡卷压缩机 - Google Patents

在节能装置和吸入装置之间具有卸载阀的涡卷压缩机 Download PDF

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CN1179175C
CN1179175C CNB991103874A CN99110387A CN1179175C CN 1179175 C CN1179175 C CN 1179175C CN B991103874 A CNB991103874 A CN B991103874A CN 99110387 A CN99110387 A CN 99110387A CN 1179175 C CN1179175 C CN 1179175C
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亚历山大·利夫森
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詹姆斯·W·布什
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C28/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C28/24—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids characterised by using valves controlling pressure or flow rate, e.g. discharge valves or unloading valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/02—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/04—Heating; Cooling; Heat insulation
    • F04C29/042—Heating; Cooling; Heat insulation by injecting a fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F25B41/24—Arrangement of shut-off valves for disconnecting a part of the refrigerant cycle, e.g. an outdoor part
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/022—Compressor control arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/13—Economisers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2509—Economiser valves

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)
  • Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)

Abstract

一涡卷压缩机具有与涡卷压缩机压缩室连通的节能喷射管道。一卸载阀有选择地与节能喷射管道连通以返回吸入装置。在这种结构里，实现节能喷射所必需的流体孔和通道也被用来实现吸入旁通卸载，这样，可简化压缩机和系统的设计和结构。

Description

在节能装置和吸入装置之间具有卸载阀的涡卷压缩机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种卸载阀的特别布置，这种布置对涡卷压缩机特别有益。
背景技术
涡卷压缩机广泛地应用于压缩工作中。然而，涡卷压缩机存在着若干设计上的问题。一个具体的设计问题是当压缩机不需要全容量操作时如何实现减少的容量水平。在许多情况下，可能不需要具有压缩机的全容量。特别是在许多制冷或制冷剂压缩应用中，有时候更需要具有实现减少的容量的能力。
因此，曾在涡卷压缩机上设置旁通阀，该旁通阀将一部分压缩的制冷剂返回到压缩机的吸入口。这样，减少了被压缩的制冷剂的质量。
另一方面，在许多制冷或制冷剂压缩应用中，有时候更需要具有实现增加的容量的能力。实现增加的容量的一种方法是在制冷系统里包含节能回路。节能回路实质上在冷凝器下游的主要制冷剂流和也是从冷凝器下游流出的、并经过一膨胀阀的第二制冷剂流之间提供热交换。主流在一热交换器里被第二流冷却。这样，来自冷凝器的主流在通过它自己的膨胀阀和进入蒸发器前被冷却。由于主流进入处于较冷温度的膨胀阀，因此它具有较大的容量来吸收由增加的系统冷却容量产生的、原始客观存在的热量。在第二流里的制冷剂在中间压缩点处的吸入部分的略下游处进入压缩室。通常，节省的流体在压缩室被关闭后在一点处被喷出。
最好将有选择减少容量和增加容量的性能合并在同一个压缩机和系统里。传统的方法是限定各自独立的几组孔、通道和阀门和对两种容量进行控制。这种性能的叠加也将增加制造的复杂性和成本。
本发明提出一种压缩机，包括：
a)一压缩机泵；
b)一吸入孔和与一制冷剂供应源连通的吸入通道，该制冷剂由所述压缩机泵压缩；
c)至少一个节能喷射孔，它在所述吸入孔下游位置处与所述泵连通；以及
d)一个有选择地通过所述节能喷射孔使来自泵的制冷剂与所述吸入通道连通的卸载阀。
本发明提出一种涡卷压缩机，包括：
a)一绕轨运行的涡卷元件，它具有一底座和一自所述底座延伸的涡卷；
b)一非绕轨运行的涡卷元件，它具有一底座和一自所述底座延伸的涡卷，非绕轨运行涡卷与所述绕轨运行涡卷配合而形成压缩室；
c)一进入所述压缩室的节能喷射孔，所述节能喷射孔与一节能喷射通道连通，而节能喷射通道与一节能回路连接；
d)一将吸入流体送入所述涡卷压缩机的吸入通道；以及
e)一有选择地使所述节能喷射通道与所述吸入通道连通的卸载系统，所述卸载系统包括一使所述节能喷射通道与所述吸入通道连通的旁通管道和一在所述旁通管道上的、有选择地打开的卸载阀，从而当卸载阀打开时，来自压缩室的压缩制冷剂经过节能喷射通道而进入吸入通道。
在本发明公开的一个实施例里，一涡卷压缩机上设有一节能回路以及一吸入管道。还设置一使节能回路与吸入管道连通的旁通管道，而一卸载阀设置在旁通管道上，并可操作以使节能喷射管道有选择地与吸入管道连通。可关闭在节能喷射管道上的阀和打开卸载阀；然后将压缩机里的节能喷射孔作为旁通孔，使流体返回到吸入部分。
这样，用来提供节能喷射功能的同一流体通道和孔也具有卸载功能。从而使涡卷压缩机的组装和操作大大简化，降低了成本和复杂性。可以在各压缩室里设置单个孔或一组成圆弧布置的孔，它们可交替地作节能喷射孔和旁通孔使用。
从下面的说明和附图中可更清楚地了解本发明的这些和其它特征。
附图说明
图1显示了在一种工作状态下的涡卷压缩机；
图2显示了在一种略微不同工作状态下的涡卷压缩机；
图3是本发明的非绕轨运行涡卷元件的端视图；
图4是制冷系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1所示的涡卷压缩机20具有一包括一绕轨运行涡卷23的绕轨运行的涡卷元件22，以及包括一非绕轨运行涡卷25的、固定的或非绕轨运行的涡卷元件24。两涡卷相互配合并包围着排出孔26。众所周知，绕轨运行的涡卷元件22相对于非绕轨运行的涡卷元件24作绕轨道的运行，而涡卷23和25有选择地捕获压缩室里的制冷剂，并将它们压向排出孔26。在非绕轨运行的涡卷元件24的底座31上形成有许多孔28和30。此外，孔28和30可由一对单独的、较大的孔组成。在图1所示的位置上，孔28和30正好被绕轨运行涡卷23露出，而在此同时，压缩室27和29与通向吸入管道45的区域隔绝。
如图2所示，随着绕轨运行涡卷的继续移动，孔28和30逐渐露出并与压缩室27和29连通，而这些压缩室由于绕轨运行涡卷23相对非绕轨运行涡卷25的接触移动曾被封闭。
如图3所示，第一通道32与孔30连通，而第二通道34与孔28连通。横通道36与通道32和34连通。许多插塞38分别堵塞通道32、34和36。通道40使横通道36与一旁通阀42连通，而旁通阀42通向管道44，继而通向吸入管道45，通道40还使横通道36与通道46连通，而通道46通向一节能阀48，继而通过节能喷射管道50通向节能热交换器52或节能喷射箱。如图4所示，节能热交换器52正好位于包括涡卷压缩机20的制冷系统56的冷凝器54的下游。此外，节能阀48可正好位于节能热交换器52上游的管道49上卸载阀48和/或旁通阀42可位于压缩机壳体内或压缩机壳体外。
在涡卷压缩机工作过程中，利用本发明的系统可获得3种级别的容量。首先，在全容量时，打开节能阀48，关闭旁通阀42，从而进行节能操作。流体从管道50进入通道40、通道36、通道32和34，接着通过孔28和30进入压缩室27和29。如制冷技术中通常已知的，这将通过改善接近蒸发器58的流体的热力学状态增加制冷系统的容量。
当需要较低的容量时，可关闭阀48和42。此时，压缩机将在没有节能操作和旁通的情况下工作。控制器60控制包括阀48和42的系统56。
最后，当需要更低的容量时，可关闭节能阀48和打开旁通阀42。此时，在压缩室里捕获的流体通过孔28和30、再向外通过通道32、34、36、40和44进入吸入管道45。这样，流体返回到涡卷压缩机20的进口。
较佳的是，旁通道44和旁通阀42位于涡卷压缩机的壳体外，这样可简化涡卷压缩机壳体的组装。然而，旁通道44和旁通阀42也可位于壳体内。
通常，本发明通过使用一组孔和通道来获得节能和旁通操作，从而获益。这样，本发明在现有技术基础上得到改进。此外，由于旁通发生在只略微进入压缩循环的一点处，因此然后被旁通的压缩流体只有少量的能量损失。
本申请的卸载阀特别适合于实施这里同时提出的、名称为“对涡卷压缩机的控制：在停机时防止无动力反向操作”的专利申请所描述的方法。当这种卸载阀用于供制冷输送设备的制冷系统时、诸如用于该系统必须在一个宽范围的容量和状态下工作的内部输送容器里时具有特别有益的性能。
使人感兴趣的另一申请是1997年12月5日提交的，申请号是08/986,447，名称是“容量控制中的脉冲流”。
这里描述了本发明的较佳实施例，然而，本技术领域的技术人员应该知道，某些改进包含在本发明的范围内。因此，附后的权利要求书应该被认为限定了本发明的真实范围和内容。

Claims (11)

1.一种压缩机，包括：
a)一压缩机泵；
b)一吸入孔和与一制冷剂供应源连通的吸入通道，该制冷剂由所述压缩机泵压缩；
c)至少一个节能喷射孔，它在所述吸入孔下游位置处与所述泵连通；以及
d)一个有选择地通过所述节能喷射孔使来自泵的制冷剂与所述吸入通道连通的卸载阀。
2.如权利要求1所述的压缩机，其特征在于，所述泵是一涡卷压缩机泵。
3.如权利要求1所述的压缩机，其特征在于，所述卸载阀位于安装在压缩机壳体外的旁通通道上。
4.如权利要求1所述的压缩机，其特征在于，所述卸载阀位于安装在压缩机壳体内的旁通通道上。
5.如权利要求1所述的压缩机，其特征在于，还包括许多通向所述压缩机泵的节能喷射孔。
6.一种涡卷压缩机，包括：
a)一绕轨运行的涡卷元件，它具有一底座和一自所述底座延伸的涡卷；
b)一非绕轨运行的涡卷元件，它具有一底座和一自所述底座延伸的涡卷，非绕轨运行涡卷与所述绕轨运行涡卷配合而形成压缩室；
c)一进入所述压缩室的节能喷射孔，所述节能喷射孔与一节能喷射通道连通，而节能喷射通道与一节能回路连接；
d)一将吸入流体送入所述涡卷压缩机的吸入通道；以及
e)一有选择地使所述节能喷射通道与所述吸入通道连通的卸载系统，所述卸载系统包括一使所述节能喷射通道与所述吸入通道连通的旁通管道和一在所述旁通管道上的、有选择地打开的卸载阀，从而当卸载阀打开时，来自压缩室的压缩制冷剂经过节能喷射通道而进入吸入通道。
7.如权利要求6所述的涡卷压缩机，其特征在于，一控制装置有选择地打开所述卸载阀。
8.如权利要求6所述的涡卷压缩机，其特征在于，有两个所述喷射孔延伸进入所述压缩室，所述两个孔在圆周方向上间隔一距离。
9.如权利要求8所述的涡卷压缩机，其特征在于，所述各孔由许多孔组成。
10.如权利要求6所述的涡卷压缩机，其特征在于，一节能阀位于所述节能喷射通道上。
11.如权利要求10所述的涡卷压缩机，其特征在于，当所述卸载阀打开时所述节能阀关闭。
CNB991103874A 1998-07-13 1999-07-13 在节能装置和吸入装置之间具有卸载阀的涡卷压缩机 Expired - Fee Related CN1179175C (zh)

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US09/114,395 US5996364A (en) 1998-07-13 1998-07-13 Scroll compressor with unloader valve between economizer and suction
US09/114,395 1998-07-13

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CN1179175C true CN1179175C (zh) 2004-12-08

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EP (1) EP0972942B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP3051405B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR100323564B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1179175C (zh)
BR (1) BR9902738A (zh)
DE (1) DE69910699T2 (zh)
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CN101432590B (zh) * 2006-04-14 2012-01-25 三菱电机株式会社 热交换器及制冷空调装置

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