CN1646796A - 一个分析和改进发动机中滑润油的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本文涉及使用仪器以实现润滑剂流速或性质的变化来适应实际发动机状态的方法。优选地，本文提供了一种方法，该方法被用于原位监视二冲程柴油机中润滑油的有效性，即通过利用XRF技术测量所用润滑剂中的铁含量、燃料硫含量和利用IR测量设备测量所用润滑剂的BN，以及用于有效地改变润滑剂的性质和/或流速以适应机器或发动机的实际磨损或腐蚀需要其它。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及使用仪器实现润滑剂流速或性质改变以适应实际发动机状态的方法。
背景技术
柴油发动机一般可分为慢速、中速或高速发动机，其中慢速柴油发动机被用于最大的、吃水深的船舶和工业应用中。慢速柴油发动机典型的是直接连结、直接回动、二冲程循环发动机，运行在大约57到250rpm的范围内，并且通常使用残渣燃料。这些发动机具有十字头构造，其带有一个隔膜和填充物以将动力缸与曲柄轴箱分离以防止燃烧产物进入曲柄轴箱并与曲柄轴箱油混合。中速发动机通常运行在250到大约1100rpm的范围内，并且可以以四冲程或二冲程循环运行。这些发动机是柱塞设计、并且许多也使用残渣燃料。它们也可以使用包含很少甚至不含剩余物的蒸馏燃料。在远洋船舶上这些发动机可以用作推进、辅助的应用或两者兼而有之。慢速和中速船用柴油发动机还广泛地用于动力车间操作中。本发明适用于应用于航海和动力车间两方面应用中的慢速柴油发动机。
每种类型的柴油发动机都采用润滑油来润滑活塞环、汽缸套、曲柄轴轴承和连杆、气阀机构装置(包括凸轮和气门挺杆)以及其它的移动部件。润滑剂防止部件磨损、散热，中和并分散燃烧产物，防止生锈和腐蚀，防止淤泥的形成或沉积。
在低速船用十字头柴油发动机中，汽缸和曲柄轴箱是分开润滑的，汽缸的润滑是由将缸油提供给位于汽缸套四周的加油装置的注射装置以一次通过方式来提供的。这就是所谓的“全损失”润滑系统。气缸油通常被调配为提供好的活塞环和气缸油磨损控制以及好的氧化性和热稳定性、水反乳化性、防腐蚀以及好的消泡剂性能。也使用碱性清洁添加剂以中和在燃烧过程中形成的酸性物。也通过使用适当的添加剂提供分散剂、抗氧化剂、消泡剂、防磨损以及提供极压(EP)性能。
当发动机产生更高的动力并运行于更苛刻的条件下时，对润滑油的功能与性能的要求急剧上升。这些上升的性能要求已导致相应的润滑剂成本的上升。润滑剂由越来越复杂、昂贵的基油(包括全合成基油)制成。另外，还将多种昂贵的添加剂(如分散剂、清洁剂、抗磨损剂、减磨擦剂、粘度改进剂、粘性稠化剂、金属钝化剂、酸螯合剂和抗氧化剂)混入润滑剂中以达到所要求的功能。
传统上，在船用柴油二冲程发动机中，润滑剂向汽缸套的流速保持恒定或者可以根据发动机的RPM改变。早期提出的改进包括将该常量流速设置为所用的船用燃料油中硫含量的函数，所述硫含量在装船前一次性测量。
研究已经显示，对于二冲程十字头发动机，为仅仅达到最小润滑保护的要求，润滑剂的流量应该改变以适应主要的发动机运行和燃料状态，参看S.N.Yoo、O.S.Kwon、C.R.Son的“维护Hyundai-MAN B&W12K90MS-S发动机的最大柴油发动机动力车间的经验”(“ServiceExperience of the Largest Diesel Engine Power Plant with Hyundai-MANB&W 12K90MS-S Engines”)，Proceedings of the 27th International Congressof Combustion Engines，第160页，2001。DE 10112691.3通过提出润滑剂到汽缸套的进料速率的近实时改变以响应进入汽缸的燃料的硫含量的实时或近实时测量，或者由于该硫含量而改变的参数(例如：磨损、所用润滑剂中的Fe含量和所用润滑剂的碱值BN)的近实时改变而结合了这一方法。
本发明人在共同未决申请USSN 60/361376(2002年2月26日)(通过引用结合于此)中，通过使用用于改变润滑剂自身的性质以适应任意的发动机状态的设备和方法，在所有以上方法上进行了改进。
DE 10112691.3的一个主要的不足是它未提出任何可能的方法以获得这些测量值。实际上，这不应该是出乎意料的；大多数用于润滑剂Fe含量和BN的测量的设备并不近实时地产生结果或者这些设备太大以致于不能包括在运行中的船用柴油二冲程发动机中。类似地，’691申请既没有提供也没有建议在实时或近实时模式下实际测量燃料硫含量的实际方法。尽管如此，在开发上述共同未决申请时，本发明人也发现了一种仪器组合，该仪器组合可使本发明人有效地使用所述发明。该仪器组合也用于只是改变润滑剂流向汽缸套的进料流速的发明。本发明的目标是提出可以使本发明人的发明和如DE 1012691.3中建议的技术方案得以有效运行的仪器组合。
发明的概述
本发明涉及使用仪器来实现近实时改变“全损失”柴油发动机润滑油的性质或流速以适应发动机实际润滑需求的方法。本发明优选地提供一种方法，该方法被用于原位监视柴油机中润滑油的有效性法，即通过利用小型化的XRF技术测量所用润滑剂中的铁含量、利用小型化的XRF技术测量燃料实际硫含量和利用IR测量设备测量所用润滑剂的BN，以及用于改变润滑剂的性质和/或流速以适应实际的磨损或腐蚀或机器/发动机的其它需要。更优选地，本发明涉及将这些仪器用于改变二冲程十字头柴油发动机中进料速率或润滑剂性质的用途。
发明的详述
现代柴油发动机不断提高的性能要求导致了其日益增加的高科技化、复杂化和敏感化。相应地，气缸油通过采用更复杂的基油和添加剂也变得更先进。但是，这样的创新也使得基油和添加剂成本更高。
希望得到的发动机状态参数，如磨损、沉积或腐蚀，可以直接测量或可以从其它发动机、所使用的润滑油或燃料参数来预测。作为一个非限定性的例子，希望得到的重要组件的磨损情况可通过确定从汽缸套上刮掉的润滑剂刮擦物中金属或金属氧化颗粒中的金属含量来直接测量。另外，还可以从其它的参数来预测磨损，例如，研究表明，二冲程柴油发动机中汽缸磨损可以从燃料的硫含量、发动机的负载以及进入汽缸的润滑剂的总碱值(“TBN”)精确预测。见Vince Carey和J.Fogarty，“汽缸油性能和十字头柴油润滑中的关键参数”(“Key Parameters in Cylinder OilPerformance and Crosshead Diesel Lubrication”)，Proceedings of the 21stInternational Congress of Combustion Engines，第D63页，1995(通过引用结合于此)。因此，汽缸的磨损可以直接测量或从其它参数精确预测。
X-射线荧光光谱(“XRF”)分析始于1908年，Barkla和Sadler发现物质不仅散射X-射线辐射，而且改变X-射线辐射而产生“特征射线”，见Barkla，C.G.，Sadler，C.A，Philos，Mag.，1908，16，550。其它人指出，特征射线与原子序数有关，即可以使用它们来识别元素(如铁)。1948年，美国海军研究实验室的Friedman和Birks首先通过用盖革计数器替换照相胶片第一次实现了XRF的电子探测。见Gilfrich，J.V.X-射线光谱(X-RaySpectrum.)，2001，30，203-211。该发现为定量XRF测量铺平了道路。
从那时起，检测器、窗口、X-射线源、基体效应的算法、计算能力等等已经有了显著的提高。1983年太平洋西北实验室的Sanders等指出，未经称重的标准石油燃料油样本中的金属可以由XRF高精度地测量。见Sander，R.W.，Olsen，K.B.，Welmer，W.C.，Nielson，K.K.Anal，Chem.，1983，65，1911-1914。仅仅最近，Wilson等报告了使用XFR分光计作联机传感器来监视液体。见Wilson，B.W.，Price，L.S.Lubrication and fluidPower，2000，August，16-19。
虽然Wilson认识到在预测工业部件故障中使用小型化的XRF仪器代替废油的分析是有用的，本发明人从他们在未决发明USSN 60/361776(2002年2月26日提交)中的工作意识到，可以使用XRF检测器以改变润滑剂流速或物理或化学性质，从而控制发动机磨损或其它感兴趣的发动机参数。当然，这些仪器的组合可以扩充以在任何使用润滑剂的部件上控制参数。
Wilson得到结论，可以通过使用XRF测量废油样品中铁含量的方式在事实发生后很长一段时间之后确定实际的磨损情况。但是，本发明人认识到，汽缸套的实时磨损可以由联机XRF检测器来测量。而且，本发明人认为，联机或在线XRF传感器的新应用在于它可以精确、实时或近实时测量燃烧时的燃料油硫含量。因此，同类传感器可监视确定发动机实际磨损情况的两个关键因素，并调整润滑剂的流速和性质以校正磨损。
该方法的一个明显的好处是所使用燃料中的硫含量是已知的。不必计算或估计硫含量，对从不同燃料贮存器来的混合燃料或从一个存储燃料转换到另一个存储燃料时，这种计算或估计是特别困难的。目前的方法是当燃料被送入贮罐时收集燃料样品并送到实验室进行分析，结果在数天之后可以得到。使用联机或在线设备来测量硫消除了猜测，并且甚至当燃料硫含量大幅度改变时也允许润滑油进料速率和/或组成的优化。即使DE10112691.3希望实时或近实时确定燃料硫含量，但仅本发明能提供实用的方法实现这种测量。
同样，本发明人发现了一个独特的采用IR测量设备联机实时或近实时测量所使用的润滑油的BN的方法，所述IR测量设备的详细描述见共同未决申请USSN 60/361375(2002年2月26日提交，通过引用结合于此)。本发明人确定了一个特定IR光谱区，并且开发了与该光谱区中的峰与基线有关的数学模型，该模型可以精确地确定所使用的润滑剂的BN或BN变化。
小型化XRF技术的独立或与BN/IR技术组合的使用将提高系统改变二冲程柴油机发动机中润滑剂进入汽缸套的进料速率或性质的有效性。
本发明使用的仪器集合可以单独地使用或任意组合使用。优选的方法是使用所有传感器来改变进料速率或润滑剂的性质。在这个坚实的基础上，本领域中的技术人员可以容易地考虑将其它仪器添加到仪器集合中，而且，显然这个仪器可以用于再循环润滑剂系统中，如本发明人描述于其共同未决申请USSN 60/360087(2002年2月26日提交，通过引用结合于此)。
Claims (8)
1.在发动机运行过程中改变系统基础润滑剂流速和/或性质的方法，该方法包括：
a)用一种或多种选自XRF或使用IR光谱的BN测量设备定期直接或间接监视发动机中的一种或多种发动机状态参数；
b)从所述发动机状态参数计算用以改变基础润滑剂向发动机的进料速率或性质的量；
c)改变润滑剂的进料速率或改变其性质。
2.权利要求1的方法，其中所述发动机状态参数是选自润滑剂铁含量、燃料硫含量和润滑剂总碱值的一个或多个参数。
3.权利要求1的方法，其中所述发动机是全损失润滑系统。
4.权利要求1的方法，其中所述发动机是再循环润滑剂发动机。
5.权利要求3的方法，其中所述发动机是二冲程柴油发动机。
6.权利要求5的方法，其中所述二冲程柴油机发动机是十字头所述二冲程柴油发动机。
7.权利要求3的方法，其中所述方法用于船用或工业柴油发动机。
8.权利要求3的方法，其中所述发动机是二冲程或四冲程内燃机。
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| US60/391,319 | 2002-06-25 | ||
| US10/395,972 US6779505B2 (en) | 2002-04-23 | 2003-03-25 | Method of employing instrumentation to efficiently modify a lubricant's flow rate or properties in an operating all-loss lubricating system |
| US10/395,972 | 2003-03-25 |
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| CN1646796A true CN1646796A (zh) | 2005-07-27 |
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| CA (1) | CA2480177A1 (zh) |
| NO (1) | NO20044973L (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2003091550A1 (zh) |
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| CN106762016A (zh) * | 2017-03-15 | 2017-05-31 | 上海海事大学 | 一种船用柴油机汽缸油节能方法 |
| CN111542717A (zh) * | 2017-10-31 | 2020-08-14 | 马斯克公司 | 用于在海洋船舶上调合油的装置和方法 |
| US20210254519A1 (en) * | 2020-02-14 | 2021-08-19 | Cummins Inc. | Systems and methods for reliably detecting wear metal particles in lubrication systems to avoid progressive damage |
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| US7299682B2 (en) * | 2005-10-14 | 2007-11-27 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Method and apparatus for estimating basicity of a used, all-loss cylinder lubricant |
| JP2009511821A (ja) * | 2005-10-14 | 2009-03-19 | ザ ルブリゾル コーポレイション | 潤滑組成物 |
| WO2007047446A1 (en) * | 2005-10-14 | 2007-04-26 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Method of lubricating a marine diesel engine |
| US7741122B2 (en) * | 2006-02-10 | 2010-06-22 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Determination of total base number in marine engine lubricants by elements |
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| WO2008073415A2 (en) * | 2006-12-11 | 2008-06-19 | A.P. Moller-Maersk A/S | Method and system for detecting leaks in stuffing box of two-stroke engines |
| FR2937422B1 (fr) * | 2008-10-22 | 2010-12-10 | Total Raffinage Marketing | Dispositif pour le controle de la qualite d'un lubrifiant et procede pour le controle du fonctionnement d'un equipement industriel utilisant un lubrifiant |
| DE102012110321A1 (de) | 2012-10-29 | 2014-04-30 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | System zum Untersuchen von Motorenöl |
| WO2015036543A1 (en) | 2013-09-13 | 2015-03-19 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Lubricating device and method |
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| AU2016255744B2 (en) | 2015-04-27 | 2018-11-08 | Virtual Fluid Monitoring Services LLC | Systems, apparatuses, and methods for fluid analysis and monitoring |
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| WO2017142678A1 (en) | 2016-02-15 | 2017-08-24 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Systems and methods for authenticating working fluids |
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- 2003-04-11 EP EP03747277.6A patent/EP1504174B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1321260C (zh) | 2007-06-13 |
| EP1504174B2 (en) | 2019-03-06 |
| CA2480177A1 (en) | 2003-11-06 |
| NO20044973L (no) | 2004-11-16 |
| AU2003262607A1 (en) | 2003-11-10 |
| EP1504174B1 (en) | 2016-05-11 |
| US20030196632A1 (en) | 2003-10-23 |
| EP1504174A4 (en) | 2010-12-08 |
| WO2003091550A1 (en) | 2003-11-06 |
| JP2005524013A (ja) | 2005-08-11 |
| US6779505B2 (en) | 2004-08-24 |
| EP1504174A1 (en) | 2005-02-09 |
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