CN1638732A - 含载体肽的缓释药物制剂 - Google Patents
含载体肽的缓释药物制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1638732A CN1638732A CNA038044528A CN03804452A CN1638732A CN 1638732 A CN1638732 A CN 1638732A CN A038044528 A CNA038044528 A CN A038044528A CN 03804452 A CN03804452 A CN 03804452A CN 1638732 A CN1638732 A CN 1638732A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种对患者施用一种或多种治疗剂且所述一种或多种治疗剂在很长一段时间内持续释放的方法,该方法包括:获得一种药物组合物,该药物组合物包含肽载体、一种或多种治疗剂、以及至多30%重量比的药学可接受的、可溶的单体载体;然后通过注射给患者肠胃外施用所述药物组合物,其中所述组合物与所述患者的体液相互作用后自动形成凝胶,所述凝胶在很长一段时间内在患者体内持续释放所述的肽载体和一种或多种治疗剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及缓释药物组合物。
背景技术
由于肽类在胃肠道内通常会降解,因此常经皮下注射等肠胃外途径给药。许多肽类治疗(例如胰岛素、LHRH、以及生长抑素等)需要患者在很长一段时间内持续或反复使用该肽类。但是,这种持续不断的注射给药同时给患者带来不便及不适。
已经开发出可长时间释放肽类而无须重复注射的缓释制剂。例如,已经开发出固态聚合微囊和基质,如利用可生物降解的聚乳酸聚合物。例如参见Hutchinson,U.S.Pat.No.4,767,628以及Kent,etal.,U.S.Pat.No.4,675,189。也采用水凝胶用作肽类的缓释制剂。这类水凝胶包括诸如聚-N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPA)、纤维素醚、透明质酸、卵磷脂、以及琼脂糖等多聚体以控制释放。例如,参见PCT申请WO94/08623。
对于一些肽类混入一种溶液后就能形成可溶性聚集物或不可溶性颗粒也有过报导。参见Eckhardt,et al.,Pharm.Res.,8:1360(1991)。还有人研究将这些肽聚集物用作缓释制剂的可能性。参见欧洲专利申请0510913 A2(1992);以及Wan,et al.,Pharmaceutical Research,Vol.11,10 Suppl.,abstracts P.S291 and P.S243(1994)。但是,这些聚集物缓释制剂需要将肽类溶解于生理盐水或生物相容性缓冲液中,然后孵育直至形成液态晶状凝胶结构。
其它还有报道说某种可溶性肽盐能够做成缓释凝胶制剂而无须加入用于控制肽释放特性的可生物降解的聚合物或其它载体基质。参见Cherif-Cheikh,U.S.Patent 5,595,760.。
发明内容
发明概述
本发明提供的药物组合物能够在患者体内自动形成缓释凝胶而无需对该组合物进行任何临时的溶解或温育。本发明基于下述发现,即某些可溶性肽类或其盐自己能够作为缓释载体,其不仅能用来控制肽类自身的释放特性,还能控制一种或多种治疗剂的释放特性。利用这类“载体肽”形成的新组合物在与患者的体液相互作用时能够自动凝胶化,从而在很长一段时间内释放该肽以及一种或多种治疗剂。因此,这种新的组合物能够降低基于多聚体的已知缓释制剂的体积、减少费用、并缩短制备时间。
概括来说,本发明描述了一种给患者施用一种载体肽和一种或多种治疗剂的方法,其能在很长一段时间内持续释放载体肽和一种或多种治疗剂。该方法包括:获得一种固态药物组合物,该组合物包括载体肽和一种或多种治疗剂,其中所述载体肽为一种可溶的、可凝胶化的肽或其盐,通过诸如肌肉内、皮下、皮内或者腹膜内等肠胃外方式给患者注射使用这种固态组合物,该固态组合物与患者的体液相互作用后自动形成一种凝胶,从而使载体肽和一种或多种治疗剂在长时间内于患者体内持续释放。
可用于本发明组合物的优选治疗剂包括多巴胺激动剂或拮抗剂及其药学可接受盐。其中,优选的化合物包括,例如,金刚烷胺、溴麦角隐亭、卡麦角林、麦角乙脲、美舒麦角、培高利特、普拉克索、喹高莱、罗平尼咯、及其药学可接受盐和其类似物。特别优选的化合物为卡麦角林及其药学可接受盐。
有利地,本发明组合物能够使可溶性或不溶性治疗剂施用至个体中,例如在很长一段时间内施用。进一步地,还可制备含有可能具有例如差溶解性、凝胶性或者凝集性的化合物的本发明组合物,从而避免不利的溶剂、温度、剪切应力、以及其它不利条件,即可能使分子不稳定的条件。
一方面,载体肽和一种或多种治疗剂在至少3天、优选至少7天、更优选至少14天、最优选至少30天的时间内释放。
另一方面,载体肽本身是一种治疗剂,即其本身具有生物活性。在另一个实施方案中,载体肽本身基本无生物学活性。
在本发明中即非详尽亦非限制性的适用作载体肽的肽的类型包括生长激素(GH)、生长激素释放肽(GHRP)、生长激素释放因子(GRF)、表皮生长因子、干扰素、胰岛素、生长抑素、蛙皮素、降钙素、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)、胰岛淀粉多肽、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、甲状旁腺激素相关肽(PTHrp)、胃泌素、胃泌素释放肽(GRP)、黑色细胞刺激素(MSH)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、黄体激素(LH)、黄体激素释放激素(LHRH)、细胞激酶(cytokinases)、山梨糖、胆囊收缩素(CCK)、胰高血糖素、胰高血糖素样肽(GLP)、胃泌素、脑啡肽、神经介素、内皮素、P物质、神经肽Y(NPY)、肽YY(PYY)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)、垂体腺苷环化酶激活多肽(PACAP)、缓激肽、促甲状腺素释放激素(TRH)、β细胞调理素(ACTH的一个片段)、以及前述任意物质的生物活性或无活性类似物。
本发明优选的可溶性、可凝胶化的载体肽盐包括生长抑素盐及类似物如索马杜林(SOMATULINE)(Kinerton,Ltd.,Dublin,Ireland;例如,参考,Johnson et al.,Eur.J.Endocrinol.130:229-34,1994)、降钙素盐及类似物、LHRH类似物的盐如拮抗剂加尼瑞克,(GRX;例如,参考,Nestor et al.,J.Med.Chem.,35(21):3942-3948,1992),和GH,GRF,PTH,PTHrp的盐,及其生物活性的或无活性的类似物。
优选盐的实例是那些与治疗上可接受的有机酸(例如,乙酸、乳酸、马来酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、抗坏血酸、琥珀酸、苯甲酸、甲磺酸、或者甲苯磺酸)所形成的盐,或者与诸如氢卤酸(例如盐酸)、硫酸或磷酸等无机酸所形成的盐。
本发明的可凝胶化载体肽能够与药学可接受的、单体的、可溶性载体混合,从而易于生产和/或施用。载体的实例包括诸如甘露醇和山梨糖醇等多元醇、诸如葡萄糖和乳糖等糖、表面活性剂、有机溶剂、以及多糖。因此,另一方面,本发明组合物还进一步包括药学可接受的、可溶性单体载体,例如,甘露醇、山梨糖醇、乳糖、及其类似物,所述单体载体的优选含量为所述组合物干重的30%重量比。
本发明的固态组合物能够制造成直径少于3mm、优选少于2mm的圆柱形状,可通过标准的套管针进行施用。
在本发明的方法中,也能使用半固体的悬浮液。本文中交替使用的术语“半固体的悬浮液”和“半固体组合物”指的是载体肽和一种或多种治疗剂在诸如无菌水等液态溶剂中形成的粘稠的、膏样的悬浮液。本发明的半固体的悬浮液包括:(1)固态的、可溶的载体肽和一种或多种治疗剂,以及至多30%重量的药学接受的可溶性载体;以及(2)溶剂,例如,象无菌水一样的水溶剂,其含量小于溶解所述肽盐或任意一种或多种治疗剂所需的溶剂量的50%,优选20%或10%,从而提供半固体样稠度。该悬浮液也可采用一种注射方式通过肠胃外给药,当与患者体液相互作用后自动形成凝胶。
本发明还进一步描述了在患者体内形成的一种缓释凝胶。该凝胶由(1)包括载体肽或载体肽盐、一种或多种治疗剂、以及至多30%重量的药学可接受的可溶性载体的药物组合物,其中的载体肽或载体肽盐为可溶的、可凝胶化的肽或肽盐,以及(2)患者的一种或多种体液所组成,其中的载体肽或肽盐与体液相互作用后自动形成凝胶,该凝胶在很长一段时间内、优选在形成后至少3天、更优选至少7天、进一步优选至少14天、最优选至少30天内持续释放载体肽和一种或多种治疗剂。形成凝胶的药物组合物可以为固态,或者它能进一步包括例如无菌水等溶剂,其含量小于溶解所述肽盐或一种或多种治疗剂所需溶剂量的50%,从而为药物组合物提供半固体样的稠度。
此外,本发明还描述了一种为患者肠胃外施用的固态的、非微粒的缓释药物组合物。该组合物包括:(1)可溶的、凝胶化的肽或肽盐(即,一种载体肽或其盐)和一种或多种治疗剂,以及(2)至多30%重量的药学可接受的单体可溶性载体,混合形成固态圆柱形,其中,固态组合物与患者的体液相互作用后,自动形成凝胶,该凝胶在很长一段时间内持续释放肽。优选该凝胶在形成后至少3天、更优选至少7天、进一步优选至少14天、最优选至少30天内释放载体肽和一种或多种治疗剂。
本发明还描述了一种为患者肠胃外施用的半固态、缓释药物悬浮液。该悬浮液基本上包括:(1)可溶性、可凝胶化的肽盐(即,一种载体肽或其盐)和一种或多种治疗剂,以及至多30%重量的药学可接受的可溶性载体;和(2)含量小于溶解所述载体肽或其盐或一种或多种治疗剂所需溶剂量的50%,优选20%或10%,从而为悬浮液提供半固体样的稠度,其中当半固体悬浮液与患者的体液相互作用后,自动形成凝胶,该凝胶在很长一段时间内在患者体内持续释放载体肽和一种或多种治疗剂。优选该凝胶在形成后至少3天、更优选至少7天、进一步优选至少14天、最优选至少30天内释放载体肽和一种或多种治疗剂。
另一方面,本发明描述了一种通过下述步骤制备固态药物组合物的方法:a)混合可溶的、可凝胶化的肽盐(即,一种载体肽或其盐)、一种或多种治疗剂、以及至多30%重量的药学可接受的可溶性载体,使之形成混合物;b)将该混合物与液态赋形剂混合,形成半固体制剂;c)挤压半固体制剂以形成延长的细丝;d)将延长的细丝切成半固态的圆柱棒;以及e)使半固体棒干燥,以形成固态圆柱棒。优选地,该固态棒的直径小于2或3mm。
术语“肽”表示含有两个或多个天然或合成氨基酸分子,氨基酸通过一个氨基酸的羧基与另一个的氨基相连接。因此,该术语包括多肽和蛋白质。“可溶性的”肽或肽盐是指在pH7.0、温度25℃时溶解度为0.1mg/ml,优选1.0mg/ml的一种肽或肽盐。
本文所用的术语“载体肽”指的是可凝胶化的肽或可凝胶化的肽盐,也即,与体液相接触后可形成凝胶的肽或肽盐。载体肽优选在水中可溶,如本处所定义。可通过下述的一种或多种体外和/或体内检测来确定肽或肽盐是否可凝胶化,是否具有所需的生物学特性。
本处所用的术语“类似物”涵盖了任意天然的、重组的、或者合成的肽或非肽化合物,或其衍生物或片段,这些化合物可具有或不具有生物活性。在例如天然肽的实例中,该术语可以包括、但不限于一个或多个N-或C-末端基团或侧链被结构修饰的肽、和/或包含一个或多个非肽或伪肽键,和/或一个或多个酰胺上的氮连有取代基的肽。
本文所用的术语“生物活性类似物”涵盖了表现出与相应未修饰或天然肽或非肽化合物相关的激动或拮抗效应的任意类似物。
除非特别说明,本文所用的技术和科学术语与本领域技术人员的常规理解具有相同的含义。尽管与本文所描述相类似的方法或原料也能够用于本发明的实践或试验中,但是下面描述了优选的方法和原料。本文提到的所有出版物、专利申请、专利、以及其他参考文献都被全文引入本处作为参考。此外,原料、方法以及实施例仅用来阐述而非用来对本发明进行限制。
本发明的其它特点和优点可以从详细的说明书以及权利要求书中看出。
发明详述
本发明涉及药物组合物,例如,固态圆柱体或半固体悬浮液,该组合物给患者施用后能够自动形成缓释凝胶。如本领域公知,可利用注射器或注射器样的装置来施用半固体悬浮液,可利用套管针或套管针样的装置来施用固体组合物。
新组合物的每一单元至少包含所需一种或多种治疗剂的每天剂量乘以预计起效的天数。当组合物与体液接触自动凝胶化后,载体肽和一种或多种治疗剂从凝胶中释放出来,其释放出的血液水平特征与采用已知的诸如聚合物肽制剂的缓释组合物的每日持续注射或者在稳定释放状态下操纵输液泵进行施用所得到的血液中的释放水平相当。
适用于药物组合物的肽
当将组合物施用至患者体内后,能够作为本发明组合物的载体肽而使用的肽或其盐在诸如淋巴浆或血清的体液中形成凝胶,一旦凝胶化后,能够以适于载体肽和/或一种或多种治疗剂的治疗作用的速度来控制载体肽和一种或多种治疗剂的释放。例如,采用诸如索马杜林等生长抑素类似物作为载体肽、采用色氨瑞林(DECAPEPTYL)作为治疗剂的凝胶能够在一个月或更长的时间内缓释释放索马杜林和色氨瑞林,维持其在血液中的治疗水平。参见下述实施例1。
在新组合物中优选用作载体肽的肽包括生长抑素、降钙素、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白(PTHrP)、LHRH的可溶性激动剂或拮抗剂、GRF、以及其它具有这些肽的激动或拮抗作用的可溶性类似物。优选地,载体肽包含至少一个疏水残基,例如,非天然残基,诸如napthylalanine(Nal)、正亮氨酸(NIe)、以及卤素取代的苯丙氨酸,以及天然残基,如Trp,Ile,Phe,Val,Leu,Met,Ala,Gly或者Cys,从而使载体肽更好地形成凝胶。氨基酸的疏水性能按照Eisenberg,Ann.Rev.Biochem.,53:595-623(1984)中所述的方法进行测定。
也优选对组合物中载体肽的构型进行变换,例如,利用D-氨基酸来降低酶的降解,通过二硫桥或者通过两个氨基酸残基侧链之间形成内酰胺键来形成环状肽。相信这些适宜的载体肽特征能够使得产生或增强载体肽或肽盐被施用至患者体内后自动形成凝胶的能力。
下述出版物公开了PTH肽及其类似物的序列:John P.Bilezikian(ed.),The Parathyroids Basic and Clinicai Concepts,pages 239-258(Raven Press,N.H.1994);Nissenson et al.,″Strueture&Functionof the Receptor for Parathyroid Hormone and ParathyroidHormone-Releasing Hormone,″Receptor,3:193-202(1993);BachemCalifornia 1993-1994 Catalog(Torrance,Calif.);以及SIGMA.RTM.,Peptides and Amino Acids 1994 Catalog(St.Louis,Mo.)。
下述出版物公开了PTHrP肽及其类似物的序列:Yasuda,et al.,J.Biol.Chem.,264:7720-7725(1989);以及Burtis,W.J.,Clin.Chem.,38(11):2171-2183(1992)。能够在下述出版物中找到更多的实例:PCT申请94/01460(1994);PCT申请94/02510(1994);PCT申请93/20203(1993);PCT申请92/11286(1992);PCT申请93/06846(1993);PCT申请92/10515(1992);PCT申请92/00753(1992);EP申请477885 A2(1992);EP申请561412 A1(1993);EP申请451867 A1(1991);德国申请4203040A1(1993);U.S.专利No.4,771,124(1988);U.S.专利No.4,656,250(1987);U.S.专利No.5,229,489(1993);以及Bachem California1993-94 Catalog,30-34(1993)。
下述出版物公开了生长抑素类似物的序列:PCT申请WO 91/09056(1991);EP申请0 505 680 A1(1992);EP申请0 363 589 A2(1990);EP申请0 203 031 A2(1986);U.S.专利No.4,904,642(1990);U.S.专利No.4,871,717(1989);U.S.专希 No.4,853,371(1989);U.S.专利No.4,725,577(1988);U.S.专利No.4,684,620(1987);U.S.专利No.4,650,787(1987);U.S.专利No.4,603,120(1986);U.S.专利No.4,585,755(1986);U.S.专利No.4,522,813(1985);U.S.专利No.4,486,415(1984);U.S.专利No.4,485,101(1984);U.S.专利No.4,435,385(1984);U.S.专利No.4,395,403(1983);U.S.专利No.4,369,179(1983);U.S.专利No.4,360,516(1982);U.S.专利No.4,358,439(1982);U.S.专利No.4,328,214(1982);U.S.专利No.4,316,890(1982);U.S.专利No.4,310,518(1982);U.S.专利No.4,291,022(1981);U.S.专利No.4,238,481(1980);U.S.专利No.4,235,886(1980);U.S.专利No.4,224,190(1980);U.S.专利No.4,211,693(1980);U.S.专利No.4,190,648(1980);U.S.专利No.4,146,612(1979);U.S.专利No.4,133,782(1979);Van Binst et al.,Peptide Res.,5:8(1992);Prevost et al.,CancerRes.,52:893(1992);以及Bachem California 1993-1994 Catalog94-95(1993)。
下述出版物公开了GRF类似物的序列:PCT申请WO 91/18998(1991);PCT申请WO 92/18537(1992);PCT申请WO92/00095(1992);PCT申请WO 91/03053(1991);EP申请314866 A2(1989);EP申请136475B1(1991);EP申请320785 A2(1989);U.S.专利No.4,732,972(1988);U.S.专利No.4,627,312(1986);EP专利申请511003 A1(1992);以及BachemCalifornia 1993-1994 Catalog 64-65(1993)。
下述出版物公开了LHRH类似物的序列:U.S.专利No.4,307,083;U.S.专利No.4,292,313;U.S.专利No.4,1 24,577;U.S.专利No.4,111,923;U.S.专利No.4,101,538;U.S.专利No.4,101,537;U.S.专利No.4,093,611;U.S.专利No.4,087,419;U.S.专利No.4,087,418;U.S.专利No.4,087,417;U.S.专利No.4,083,967;U.S.专利No.4,062,835;U.S.专利No.4,031,072;U.S.专利No.4,031,070;U.S.专利No.4,03 1,069;U.S.专利No.3,824,227;U.S.专利No.3,824,065;Rivier et al.,J.Med.Chem.,29:1846(1986);Ljungquist et al.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.,USA,85:8256(1988);Coy et al.,Amer.Clin.Res.,10:139(1978);Sundaram et al.,Life Sci.,28:83(1981);Rivier et al.,LifeSci.,23:869(1978);Humphrey et al.,J.Med.Chem.,21:120(1978);以及Bachem California 1993-1994 Catalog 67-68(1993)。
下述出版物公开了降钙素类似物的序列:EP申请464549 A1(1992)以及Bachem California 1993-1994 Catalog28(1993)。
适宜肽盐的体外检测
能够采用简单的体外检测来确定给定的肽或肽盐在本发明组合物中用作载体肽的适宜性。将诸如粉末或悬浮液形态的肽或肽盐与容器中的诸如淋巴浆液、血浆或血清等澄清的体液相混合。将该容器通过水浴或油浴加热至37摄氏度。裸眼观察肽盐是否形成了凝胶。
也可利用体外光衍射检测来确定肽或肽盐是否适用于本发明。将例如粉末形态的肽或肽盐在玻璃显微载玻片上与20%至50%重量比的水混和。当混合均匀后,例如,混合约5分钟后,在例如ZEISS AXIOVERT 100的倒置显微镜上采用偏振光分析载玻片。如果偏振光发生衍射,如显示有鲜艳颜色,则该肽盐已经形成凝胶,因此适用于本发明。
能采用另一种体外检测来研究本发明的固态或半固态组合物的释放特性。在该检测中采用MICROETTE透皮扩散细胞(Hanson Research,PaloAlto,Calif.)作为自动取样系统,该系统由例如六株热稳定细胞、机械搅拌装置、以及样品收集器所组成。
当用于研究诸如固态索马杜林圆柱体的释放特性时,如下设置自动取样系统的检测条件:释放介质=NaCl 0.9%,原始体积=7ml,棒重量=1.6至1.8mg,温度=37℃,搅拌速率=60rpm,最终搅拌速率=400rpm(最后15分钟时),以及置换体积=481mul。可在诸如4、10、20、40、65、90、180以及270分钟时取样。
可采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)对自动取样系统收集的样品进行分析,用具有自动进样器的Hewlett Packard Series 1090 Liquid Chromatograph(Teknokroma,Barcelona,Spain)对样品进行定量。可采用UV-VIS DiodeArray检测器进行分析。使用了25cm×4.0mm直径的NUCLEOSIL C-18柱。HPLC检测的典型条件如下:成分A=溶于AcCN∶Water(80∶20)的0.1%TFA;成分B=溶于水的0.1%TFA;流速=0.9ml/min;上样体积=20微升;温度=室温;检测=UV-280nm;初始定位时间=20分钟。计算索马杜林的保留时间为14分钟。用于HPLC的梯度系统如表1所示。
缓释肽释放的体内检测
一旦发现特定的肽或肽盐在上述的体外检测中能够凝胶化,则可以采用体内检测确定该肽盐在动物或人体内用作一种或多种治疗剂的缓释载体肽的适宜性。可采用下述方法来测确载体肽和/或一种或多种治疗剂的血液水平的释放特性:将该组合物注射入诸如SD大鼠(Sprague Dawleyrat)、狗等动物体内,然后在特定的时间间隔,例如,在1至5天内每隔1小时,或者在5至45天内每隔12或24小时取血样,检测肽和/或一种或多种治疗剂的浓度。由此可以确定特定肽凝胶或者肽/载体凝胶在用于载体肽和/或一种或多种治疗剂的治疗输送中的适宜性。
一般地,在这样的检测中,采用戊巴比妥(对大鼠:60mg/kg,腹腔内注射)来麻醉动物,在颈静脉插导管以采血样。将待测试的半固体悬浮液或固体组合物(或用作对照的标准溶液),例如索马杜林/色氨瑞林混合物,以诸如1.0、3.0、或6.0mg/kg的索马杜林的特定剂量进行皮下注射。施用组合物或者溶液后,在设定的时间间隔通过导管获取肝素化的血液样品,离心后分离血浆。通过例如标准放射免疫测定(RIA)技术来测定血浆样品中载体肽和/或一种或多种治疗剂的含量,所用的标准放射免疫测定技术能够直接测定载体肽和/或一种或多种治疗剂而无须从大鼠血浆中进行分离。对所得数据进行绘图(例如,血液浓度(ng/ml)对时间作图),以建立血液水平释放特性。
此外,可通过检测动物的生物反应来间接测定动物体内载体肽和/或一种或多种治疗剂的存在。例如,如果载体肽或治疗剂是生长抑素类似物,则可采用常规方法检测其对生长激素释放如GRF的抑制作用,从而检测其存在。也可将这类间接检测生物活性载体肽或者治疗剂存在与否的方法用于人类患者。
当检测达1至3天,可将这种体内检测用于确定当体内施用时特定的载体肽是否会形成凝胶,从而提供所需载体肽和/或一种或多种治疗剂所需的缓释效果。如果载体肽在所需的时间段里能提供载体肽或治疗剂的缓释效果,则该载体肽适用于本发明。优选地,载体肽或者治疗剂能在至少3天、优选至少7天、更优选至少14天、最优选至少30天内以治疗水平释放。
还可用该检测来确定当用于对特定动物进行治疗时特定肽载体或肽载体和其它载体的组合物的有效性以及所需剂型,其是通过将血液水平释放特性与特定治疗剂对特定疾病进行治疗的已知剂型进行比较来进行的。类似地,该检测还能用于测定特定类型和剂型的治疗剂用于特定的人类治疗时的预期有效性。
适用于药物组合物的载体
尽管诸如索马杜林的盐等某些载体肽能够形成固态组合物而无须任何其它载体的存在,本发明组合物也可利用能够与载体肽和一种或多种治疗剂均匀混合的载体进行制备。该载体应为水溶性的、单体型、且能被机体直接清除。优选地,该载体的分子量小于1000道尔顿。
所选载体使组合物具有其物理特性,但是其不应影响组合物的缓释特性。但是,可采用某些载体来降低或增加组合物的释放速率以及释放持续时间。这种适宜载体非穷举且不限于包括:诸如吐温80等表面活性剂、诸如甘露醇和山梨糖醇等多元醇、诸如乳糖和葡萄糖等单糖、有机溶剂、以及多糖等。
制备固态药物组合物的方法
由于在注射前不需要溶解肽,因此本发明的制备过程避免了许多肽的溶解性问题。本发明的固态组合物的另一优点是它们的稳定性。本发明的无水的、固态的组合物避免了诸如水凝胶等水合的缓释剂型所存在的降解、结晶、聚集、以及凝结等问题。
下面公开了一种采用载体以及载体肽制备本发明药物组合物的方法,以及将所得药物组合物装填用于套管针注射的方法。
将诸如甘露醇等载体溶解于诸如水或有机溶剂等液态制备溶媒中。所得的溶液与所需肽载体以及一种或多种治疗剂进行混合以形成均匀的半固体混合物。如果最终的固体组合物中不包括载体,则仅用水或其它液态溶媒混合肽载体和一种或多种治疗剂来形成半固体混合物。
然后将半固体混合物转移至诸如一个不锈钢注射器或一个进料挤压区域的挤压容器中,该挤压容器带有活塞或螺杆,并具有内径0.5至3.0mm的挤压喷嘴。将该混合物挤压出,切割成具有精确长度的小棒,并收集小棒。将所得小棒彻底真空干燥,其最终直径优选为2或3mm。可采用多种已知的技术从挤压口除去非固态物以制备干燥后具有所需截面的延长小棒。
可通过蒸发、冷冻干燥、或者真空干燥的方法除去制备溶媒。然后对小棒进行检测以确定载体肽和一种或多种治疗剂的准确质量百分比,即,每单位圆柱长度的剂量。每批取5个圆柱,称重,然后是转移所有量的载体肽和一种或多种治疗剂的步骤,例如,用诸如0.1%的乙酸水溶液等适宜溶剂进行溶解。采用例如与上述体外检测中所用的常规HPLC方法来测定提取出的载体肽和一种或多种治疗剂的量。
在使用前,还要通过计算重量/长度比率来检测棒的均一性。对5个圆柱的长度和重量进行测量,并计算出长度比重量的比率。考虑到可接受的偏差来建立标准,例如,如果相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%,则认为该控制是有效的。RSD等于[SD长度/重量比率/平均长度/重量比率]×100%,因此其是长度/重量比率均一性的计算。
一旦接受了该棒,则通过长度和重量计算来确定剂量。计算肽浓度后,将小棒根据所需剂量单位切割为精确的长度。在施用前通过天平称量再次对小棒进行检测。然后将小棒至于诸如套管针的中空针中。
针头的尖端通过例如盖帽被封上后,通过套管针针头末端进行装载。针头末端优选具有漏斗形,从而易于插入固体棒。然后金属活塞推动固体棒从针尖出去进入患者体内。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将套管针针头的末端与无菌不锈钢、塑料、或玻璃圆柱体相连,该圆柱体被挤入半固体的组合物,然后切割、干燥。该圆柱体被安置在能使棒干燥后通过重力落入针头中的位置。然后将预先装载的套管中的针头做好与其金属活塞系统相连和其活化系统与标准套管针相连的准备。
半固体悬浮液以及冷冻干燥的组合物的制备方法
可采用与制备固体组合物相同的肽和载体来制备半固体悬浮液。但是,与固体组合物相比,半固体肽悬浮液是与10%-90%重量比的水溶剂(例如,无菌水)水合后而形成的高粘稠的或者膏状组合物。优选在组合物应用于患者之前加入水。
可采用与上述固态组合物中所述的相同步骤,即,通过挤压,来制造半固体悬浮液,但不包括上述最终的溶媒除去步骤。可采用例如下述的方法将挤压出的半固体棒用注射器样的装置直接注射给病人。也可以在注射前,将干燥的固态小棒再次水化形成半固态的悬浮液。
也能利用冷冻干燥步骤来制备半固体组合物,其简化了单位剂量控制且能够在将组合物置入针头前简单灭菌。在该步骤中,首先将载体肽和治疗剂,加上或不加其它载体用水溶解。将所得溶液在加压下,例如利用带柱塞的注射器,通过0.22微米的滤膜进行灭菌。过滤完成后,该溶液必须在无菌条件下处理。通过诸如微量加样器精确控制体积,将无菌溶液装入密封的注射器圆柱内。然后将圆柱内的液体冷冻干燥。在真空条件下在注射器内通过诸如柱塞等压缩所得冻干固体的体积。
然后在真空条件下对含有压缩、无菌固体的注射器进行包装。该固态组合物在这种条件下将在很长一段时间内保持稳定而且无需冷藏或其它特殊的储存条件。在施用前使固态混合物与水进行水合,例如,使用U.S.5,595,760中所描述的两部分装置使之进行水合,该装置在一个单独的注射器样的圆柱内包含有必需体积的无菌水。将冷冻干燥的固体再水化形成能被注射至患者体内的粘稠的、半固体的悬浮液。
本发明组合物不利于为溶液,因为一旦注射后,这样的溶液将扩散而并不形成本发明的缓释凝胶。因此,需要仔细选择水的含量使之少于溶解组合物中特定量的任意活性成分所需要的量。例如,在25摄氏度,pH7.0的条件下,当混合26mg索马杜林的乙酸盐时,需要1.0ml或者更少的水以避免形成溶液。通过采用含量小于溶解所述载体肽或任意治疗剂所需水量的50%,优选少于20%或10%,来保证形成半固体或膏状的悬浮液的形成,而不是形成溶液。
在一个优选的实施方案中,利用漏斗形的连接器使针头与注射器圆柱相连。该漏斗形连接器可以是针头的一部分或者注射器的一部分。可将针头固定于注射器上,或者在使用前才将其连接到注射器上。调节所用针头的长度和外径使之适于诸如肌内、皮内、或皮下等注射途径。优选针头的内表面光滑从而帮助半固态组合物的注射。
优选该注射器具有直径很小(1至5mm)的柱塞,从而使得在注射器桶中小体积的半固体组合物(10微升至300微升)可呈现出相当的长度。这利于准确观察以及剂量控制。
具体实施方式
组合物实例
可采用药物制剂领域公知的技术来制备本发明的组合物。总的来说,本发明的组合物可通过将载体肽与一种或多种治疗剂、如果需要,再加上一种或多种药学可接受的、单体可溶性载体相混合,向其中加入适当溶剂,然后混合直至获得均一稠度。
制备本发明组合物的一种方便的方法包括下述混合步骤:
(1)称重产品(Xg A+Yg B);
(2)将两种干粉置于优选为不锈钢注射器的容器内,利用诸如TURBULA的振摇混合装置进行物理混合;
(3)将体积降低至即将获得的半固态混合物的体积(即,将柱塞移动至与死体积相应的位置,然后至半固体所含水的位置);
(4)在真空条件下用真空泵(通过过滤器的管连接)处理粉末混合物;
(5)用阀门将该混合物与载有水或含水溶媒的容器(其它的不锈钢注射器)相连;以及
(6)连接两个容器,通过注射器柱塞棒的推拉完成混合。当混合完成后,可采用我们装载一种半固体成分所采用的方法将该混合物装入注射器中。
实例1索马杜林/色氨瑞林组合物
将87.5mg的色氨瑞林乙酸盐溶于2.6ml水中,然后装入第一个5ml的注射器内。将1.0g的索马杜林置于第二个5ml注射器内,并将第二个注射器置于真空条件下。将两个注射器通过阀门和微孔过滤器相连接,开放阀门,使色氨瑞林溶液流入抽空的索马杜林注射器内。轮流下压两个注射器各自的柱塞使所得溶液在两个注射器之间进行10次转移,从而制备一种均匀的半固体状混合物。
实例2索马杜林/卡麦角林组合物
将1.0g索马杜林和0.1g卡麦角林加入至5.0ml的注射器内。将两种粉末用调药刀干燥混合,利用诸如真空泵等使之置于真空条件下。将混合粉末通过阀门与另一个含有2.6ml水的5ml注射器相连。开放阀门,通过阀门使水与粉末混合。轮流下压两个注射器各自的柱塞使所得溶液在两个注射器之间进行10次转移,从而制备一种均匀的半固体状混合物。然后将该半固体以0.225ml的剂量装入0.3ml的胰岛素注射器内。
体内实例
取前述实例1得到的半固体混合物0.15ml载入到0.3ml的胰岛素注射器内,注射至beagle犬的体内。收集血液样品,进行常规放射免疫(RIA)检测。结果如下述表1所示。
表1
索马杜林/色氨瑞林组合物的药代动力学特性
色氨瑞林(ng/ml) 索马杜林(ng/ml) 时间(天数)
0.00 0.02 0.00
2.66 3.91 0.01
6.04 7.29 0.02
9.97 9.34 0.04
16.45 12.60 0.08
17.28 17.33 0.17
21.24 19.46 0.25
23.07 17.83 0.38
8.11 11.37 1.00
3.97 9.51 1.99
3.16 7.77 3.02
1.35 6.63 6.04
0.94 5.99 8.04
0.50 4.88 10.06
0.42 3.14 13.04
0.32 2.54 15.05
0.24 1.85 17.02
0.19 1.46 20.14
0.13 1.30 22.04
0.11 1.11 24.06
0.07 0.65 27.12
0.52 29.11
0.52 31.05
0.50 34.11
0.45 36.12
0.34 38.03
0.27 41.03
0.17 45.10
0.14 48.36
0.15 49.99
0.21 52.01
0.14 57.04
0.27 59.08
0.21 64.02
0.20 66.02
0.16 69.01
0.15 71.15
很容易理解,通过改变肽载体和治疗剂的相对含量以及所给予组合物的总量很容易调整峰浓度和释放持续时间。
还可对例如实例2的组合物进行类似的研究。选择地,可通过仅测定组合物中索马杜林的药代动力学特性来估计治疗剂的药代动力学特性,预计卡麦角林的释放与之成比例。
其它实施方案
可以理解,尽管本发明与所做的详细描述相关,但是前述的描述仅用于对本发明进行解释,而并非预以任何方式对本发明的范围进行限制。本发明的其它特性、优点、以及变化如权利要求书所定义。
Claims (38)
1.一种给患者肠胃外施用的缓释药物组合物,其包含载体肽、一种或多种治疗剂、以及至多30%重量比的药学可接受的、单体的可溶性载体,其中所述组合物与所述患者的体液相互作用后自动形成凝胶,所述凝胶在很长一段时间内在患者体内持续释放所述载体肽以及任何所述治疗剂。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述载体肽选自:生长抑素或生长抑素类似物;黄体激素释放激素(LHRH)类似物;生长激素释放因子(GRF);甲状旁腺激素(PTH);甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白(PTHrp);降钙素;或者GRF、PTH、PTHrp或降钙素的可溶性的、具有生物活性的类似物。
3.一种给患者肠胃外施用的半固体缓释药物悬浮液,所述悬浮液基本上包括:
(1)载体肽、一种或多种治疗剂、以及至多30%重量的药学可接受的可溶性单体载体,其中所述载体肽盐和所述载体能溶于水溶剂中;以及
(2)水溶剂,其含量小于溶解所述载体肽所需的溶剂量的50%,其中所述半固体悬浮液与所述患者的体液相互作用后自动形成凝胶,所述凝胶在很长一段时间内在患者体内持续释放所述载体肽以及任何所述治疗剂。
4.权利要求3的悬浮液,其中所述溶剂的量小于溶解所述载体肽所需溶剂量的10%。
5.权利要求3的悬浮液,其中所述载体肽选自:生长抑素或生长抑素类似物;黄体激素释放激素(LHRH)类似物;生长激素释放因子(GRF);甲状旁腺激素(PTH);甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白(PTHrp);降钙素;或者GRF、PTH、PTHrp或降钙素的可溶性的、具有生物活性的类似物。
6.一种在患者体内形成的缓释凝胶,所述凝胶包括一种药物组合物以及所述患者的一种或多种体液,其中所述药物组合物基本由载体肽、一种或多种治疗剂、以及至多30%重量比的药学可接受的、可溶的单体载体所组成;其中所述载体肽和所述载体能溶于水性液体中;所述载体肽与所述体液相互作用后自动形成凝胶,所述凝胶在很长一段时间内在患者体内持续释放所述载体肽以及任何所述治疗剂。
7.权利要求6的凝胶,其中所述药物组合物为固态。
8.权利要求7的凝胶,其中所述药物组合物进一步包括一种溶剂,该溶剂的含量小于溶解所述载体肽所需溶剂量的50%,从而为所需药物组合物提供半固体的稠度。
9.一种对患者施用载体肽和一种或多种治疗剂并在很长一段时间内持续释放所述载体肽以及任何所述治疗剂的方法,所述方法包括:获得一种固态药物组合物,该药物组合物基本上由载体肽、一种或多种治疗剂、以及至多30%重量比的药学可接受的、可溶的单体载体,其中所述载体肽和所述载体能溶于水性液体中;然后通过单次注射给患者肠胃外施用所述固态组合物,其中所述固态组合物与所述患者的体液相互作用后自动形成凝胶,所述凝胶在很长一段时间内在患者体内持续释放所述载体肽以及所述治疗剂。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中所述固态组合物通过肌内、皮下、或真皮内进行施用。
11.权利要求9的方法,其中所述载体肽为生长抑素或生长抑素类似物。
12.权利要求9的方法,其中所述载体肽为可溶性黄体激素释放激素(LHRH)类似物。
13.权利要求9的方法,其中所述载体肽为生长激素释放因子(GRF),甲状旁腺激素(PTH),甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白(PTHrp),降钙素,或者GRF、PTH、PTHrp或降钙素的可溶性的、具有生物活性的类似物。
14.权利要求9的方法,其中所述的固态组合物不包含载体。
15.权利要求9的方法,其中所述载体选自甘露醇、山梨糖醇、或乳糖。
16.权利要求9的方法,其中所述固态组合物为直径小于3mm的圆柱形。
17.权利要求9的方法,其中所述凝胶在至少14天的时间内持续释放所述载体肽。
18.权利要求9的方法,其中所述凝胶在至少14天的时间内持续释放所述治疗剂。
19.一种在很长一段时间内对患者持续施用载体肽和一种或多种治疗剂的方法,所述方法包括:
获得一种半固体悬浮液,该悬浮液包括:(1)载体肽、一种或多种治疗剂、以及至多30%重量比的药学可接受的、可溶的单体载体,其中所述载体肽和所述载体能溶于水溶剂中;以及(2)水溶剂,其含量小于溶解所述载体肽所需溶剂量的50%,从而为半固体提供稠度;然后通过单次注射,给患者肠胃外施用所述半固体悬浮液,其中所述半固体悬浮液与所述患者的体液相互作用后自动形成凝胶,所述凝胶在很长一段时间内在患者体内持续释放所述载体肽以及任何所述治疗剂。
20.权利要求19的方法,其中所述肽载体为生长抑素或生长抑素类似物。
21.权利要求19的方法,其中所述载体肽为可溶性黄体激素释放激素(LHRH)类似物。
22.权利要求19的方法,其中所述载体肽为生长激素释放因子(GRF),甲状旁腺激素(PTH),甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白(PTHrp),降钙素,或者GRF、PTH、PTHrp或降钙素的可溶性的、具有生物活性的类似物。
23.权利要求19的方法,其中所述溶剂的量小于溶解所述载体肽所需溶剂量的10%。
24.权利要求1或2的组合物,其中所述治疗剂为多巴胺激动剂或拮抗剂、或其药学可接受盐。
25.权利要求24的组合物,其中所述多巴胺激动剂为金刚烷胺、溴麦角隐亭、卡麦角林、麦角乙脲、美舒麦角、培高利特、普拉克索、喹高莱、或罗平尼咯、或其药学可接受盐或其类似物。
26.权利要求25的组合物,其中所述多巴胺激动剂为卡麦角林,或其药学可接受盐。
27.权利要求3、4、或5的悬浮液,其中所述治疗剂为多巴胺激动剂或拮抗剂、或其药学可接受盐。
28.权利要求27的悬浮液,其中所述多巴胺激动剂为金刚烷胺、溴麦角隐亭、卡麦角林、麦角乙脲、美舒麦角、培高利特、普拉克索、喹高莱、或罗平尼咯、或其药学可接受盐或其类似物。
29.权利要求28的悬浮液,其中所述多巴胺激动剂为卡麦角林,或其药学可接受盐。
30.权利要求6、7或8的缓释凝胶,其中所述治疗剂为多巴胺激动剂或拮抗剂、或其药学可接受盐。
31.权利要求30的缓释凝胶,其中所述多巴胺激动剂为金刚烷胺、溴麦角隐亭、卡麦角林、麦角乙脲、美舒麦角、培高利特、普拉克索、喹高莱、或罗平尼咯、或其药学可接受盐或其类似物。
32.权利要求31的缓释凝胶,其中所述多巴胺激动剂为卡麦角林,或其药学可接受盐。
33.权利要求9-18任意一项所述的方法,其中所述治疗剂为多巴胺激动剂或拮抗剂、或其药学可接受盐。
34.权利要求33的方法,其中所述多巴胺激动剂为金刚烷胺、溴麦角隐亭、卡麦角林、麦角乙脲、美舒麦角、培高利特、普拉克索、喹高莱、或罗平尼咯、或其药学可接受盐或其类似物。
35.权利要求34的方法,其中所述多巴胺激动剂为卡麦角林,或其药学可接受盐。
36.权利要求19-23任意一项所述的方法,其中所述治疗剂为多巴胺激动剂或拮抗剂、或其药学可接受盐。
37.权利要求36的方法,其中所述多巴胺激动剂为金刚烷胺、溴麦角隐亭、卡麦角林、麦角乙脲、美舒麦角、培高利特、普拉克索、喹高莱、或罗平尼咯、或其药学可接受盐或其类似物。
38.权利要求37的方法,其中所述多巴胺激动剂为卡麦角林,或其药学可接受盐。
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EP (1) | EP1480618B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2005525374A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20040091100A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1638732A (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE432689T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2003224649B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0308137A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2474613A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE60327843D1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2327913T3 (zh) |
MX (1) | MXPA04008240A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO20043871L (zh) |
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WO (1) | WO2003075887A1 (zh) |
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CN111195348A (zh) * | 2018-11-19 | 2020-05-26 | 南京济群医药科技股份有限公司 | 一种生长抑素纳米混悬剂及其制备方法 |
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Cited By (2)
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CN105228592A (zh) * | 2013-03-14 | 2016-01-06 | 麻省理工学院 | 用于长时间持续释放人类抗体的多层可注射自组装肽脚手架水凝胶 |
CN111195348A (zh) * | 2018-11-19 | 2020-05-26 | 南京济群医药科技股份有限公司 | 一种生长抑素纳米混悬剂及其制备方法 |
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WO2003075887A1 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
DE60327843D1 (de) | 2009-07-16 |
EP1480618A1 (en) | 2004-12-01 |
US20050130900A1 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
NO20043871L (no) | 2004-09-15 |
JP2005525374A (ja) | 2005-08-25 |
BR0308137A (pt) | 2005-01-04 |
AU2003224649A1 (en) | 2003-09-22 |
US7943575B2 (en) | 2011-05-17 |
RU2004129577A (ru) | 2005-04-10 |
EP1480618B1 (en) | 2009-06-03 |
ES2327913T3 (es) | 2009-11-05 |
AU2003224649B2 (en) | 2006-09-07 |
KR20040091100A (ko) | 2004-10-27 |
CA2474613A1 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
ATE432689T1 (de) | 2009-06-15 |
MXPA04008240A (es) | 2004-12-07 |
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