CN1637799A - 向电致发光显示器施加自适应预充电的方法和设备 - Google Patents

向电致发光显示器施加自适应预充电的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN1637799A
CN1637799A CNA2004101048358A CN200410104835A CN1637799A CN 1637799 A CN1637799 A CN 1637799A CN A2004101048358 A CNA2004101048358 A CN A2004101048358A CN 200410104835 A CN200410104835 A CN 200410104835A CN 1637799 A CN1637799 A CN 1637799A
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吴宗宜
黎惠恩
黄惠瑜
李长辉
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    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
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Abstract

按照本发明，给出一种包括电压和电流源的显示器驱动器，该电压和电流源驱动像素并补偿寄生电压，产生的行像素的强度，与给定行中的“ON”像素数相对地不相关。对每一像素提供预充电的该电压源，包括根据每一行中“ON”像素数确定的恒定值电压和补偿电压。该补偿电压也根据与每一像素关联的二极管特征和与每一行公共接地关联的电阻确定。

Description

向电致发光显示器施加 自适应预充电的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明一般涉及电致发光显示技术，更具体说，是涉及一种系统和方法，用于向电致发光显示矩阵施加自适应预充电，以补偿串扰。
背景技术
电致发光显示器是由电流和/或电压电路驱动的。电压驱动的显示器例子是液晶显示器。电流驱动的显示器例子是有机发光显示器(OLED)。电流驱动的显示装置如同大多数显示器，由覆盖显示面积的像素矩阵构成。矩阵有像素行和像素列，其中，矩阵中每一像素可以接通或断开，以产生构成显示的光的图形。每一像素由一个或各发射不同颜色光的多个二极管构成。利用三种发不同颜色光的二极管，能够产生几乎所有颜色。
用驱动电流驱动的显示器，存在若干与电流驱动有关问题，这些问题影响显示器产生的图像质量。问题之一是，如何足够迅速地驱动矩阵，把像素接通并克服每一像素的电容。另一个问题是，以何种方式驱动矩阵，使像素的亮度与矩阵给定行中“ON”的像素数不相关。一种称为串扰的现象，涉及一行中ON的像素对该行中其他像素的影响。除非加以校正，否则给定行中的像素随ON的像素数的增加而变暗。
一种足够迅速地驱动像素矩阵的方案，是除电流源外，使用电压源向每一像素预充电。该电压源向每一“ON”像素的像素电容充电。然后，在预充电周期完成后，电流源驱动每一像素二极管。该方案的优点是缩短克服每一“ON”像素电容消耗的时间，并使电流源的绝大部分电流用于驱动“ON”像素的二极管。
但是，问题仍然存在，因为每一“ON”像素的电流注入公共接地。公共接地有与之关联的特征电阻，作为从“ON”像素流出电流的结果，该特征电阻产生寄生电压。该寄生电压要从预充电电压中扣除，从而降低预充电电压的效率。此外，寄生电压还随给定行中每一个转变为“ON”的像素的增加而增加。因此，随着一行中“ON”像素数的增加，显示质量受到影响，像素变得更暗。
因此，需要一种新的技术，用于预充电电流驱动的电致发光显示像素，能使ON像素的强度与给定行中ON的像素数相对地无关。还需要一种技术，用于对抗公共接地线在像素矩阵内引起的寄生电压。还再需要一种用于显示驱动器的技术，它能补偿寄生电压，并能用于驱动某一范围的各有自己的电流和寄生电压特性的显示装置。
发明内容
按照本发明的一种显示驱动器，包括驱动像素和补偿寄生电压的电压和电流源，以产生强度与给定行中“ON”的像素数相对地无关的行像素。为每一像素提供预充电电压的电压源，包括一恒定值电压和根据每一行“ON”像素数确定的补偿电压。补偿电压还根据与每一像素有关的二极管特性和与每一行公共接地有关的电阻确定。
按照本发明一个实施例的一种设备，该设备驱动电致发光矩阵并包括至少一个电流源和可变预充电电压源。电流源驱动至少一个对应于ON的矩阵单元。可变预充电电压源向至少一个“ON”的矩阵单元输送预充电电压。预充电量根据ON的矩阵单元数确定。预充电电压还根据电致发光矩阵的特性确定。矩阵单元可以包括有机发光二极管并可以包括三种产生不同颜色的二极管。在有多种颜色二极管的情形，可以有附加的可变电压源，各根据各自颜色的ON的二极管数，和该颜色的二极管特性，产生与该颜色的二极管对应的电压。
按照本发明另一个实施例，是一种驱动电致发光矩阵的方法，该方法包括，驱动至少一个矩阵单元和向对应于“ON”的矩阵单元输送预充电电压。该预充电电压根据一行中ON的矩阵单元数确定。该预充电电压也可以根据电致发光矩阵的特性确定。
附图说明
参考附于后面的附图及详细说明，本发明的上述特征及优点将能更充地分了解，附图有：
图1按照本发明的一个实施例，画出一种用于电致发光显示器的显示驱动器。
图2画出电致发光显示器的矩阵单元的电学模型。
图3按照本发明的一个实施例，画出一种具有预充电电压驱动器的、用于电致发光显示器的显示驱动器。
图4A按照本发明的一个实施例，画出一种可变预充电电压源。
图4B按照本发明一个用于驱动彩色显示器的实施例，画出一种可变预充电电压源。
图5按照本发明一个用于驱动彩色显示器的实施例，画出一种具有预充电电压驱动器的、用于电致发光显示器的显示驱动器。
具体实施方式
按照本发明的显示器驱动器，包括驱动像素和补偿寄生电压的电压和电流源，以产生强度与给定行中“ON”的像素数相对地无关的行像素。为每一像素提供预充电电压的电压源，包括一恒定值电压和根据每一行“ON”像素数确定的补偿电压。补偿电压还根据与每一像素有关的二极管特性和与每一行公共接地有关的电阻确定。
图1画出一种电致发光显示系统，包括电致发光矩阵20和一个或多个驱动器10。按照本发明一个实施例的电致发光矩阵，包括电流驱动的发光单元，排列成行和列。发光单元可以包括发光二极管，且该特定的各种发光二极管通称有机发光二极管(“OLED”)。每一行和列包括多个发光单元，可以个别地转变为ON或OFF。但是，电致发光矩阵所有单元不是同时驱动至ON或OFF状态来建立显示的。相反，电致发光矩阵的结构，能使每次只扫描一行。
在一行的扫描期间，有效行被驱动器10驱动。每一驱动器根据来自例如显示缓冲器的数据，驱动该行中对应的单元成为ON或OFF状态之一。每一行中ON的矩阵单元，在扫描周期中发光，并在随后的按特定频率扫描的周期中，再次发光，从而表现为连续地ON，尽管它们不是连续地ON。OFF的矩阵单元则不供电，因此表现为黑的。对彩色显示，虽然可能有更多或更少的彩色，但一般在每一像素位置有三个矩阵单元，各发射不同颜色的光。下面将更详细地说明驱动电致发光矩阵的实施例。
图2画出电流驱动的矩阵单元中，构成像素的矩阵单元的像素电学模型。该单元可以是，但不限于，一种OLED装置。该矩阵单元包括二极管200和伴随该二极管的寄生电容210。像素随电流通过二极管而发光，这种情况当跨接二极管的电压超过它的阈值电压时出现。要驱动矩阵单元使之导通，用电流源来的电流把二极管转变为ON。但问题是，电流从一开始就从二极管分流到寄生电容210，因为随着跨接二极管的电压向二极管的阈值电压增加，电流被电容210抽出。这一作用在把矩阵单元从而像素转变为ON时引入延迟，因为二极管直到它的阈值电压被超过为止都不发光。当电容210大的时候，被驱动到ON状态的二极管可能仍停留在OFF一段对矩阵行扫描而言是颇长的时间。在这种情形中，与该矩阵单元对应的像素表现为暗的，且亮度难以控制。
为克服这个由于寄生电容使转变为ON的二极管延迟的问题，可以在用电流把二极管转变为ON之前，对寄生电容预充电至预定的电压。因此，已选择驱动矩阵的驱动器10，可以纳入一个或多个(与显示器中颜色数有关)电压源，用于对被扫描行的所有ON的二极管预充电，然后电流源把电流输送至转变为ON的每一个有效的被扫描行的二极管。电压预充电的强度是设计选择的问题，并依赖于被驱动的特定矩阵的特性。一般地说，100mV的电压容差对最后预充电值，适合获得高质量的显示。如图3所示，当考虑整个矩阵的电学性质时，必须对串扰补偿就变得特别明显了。
图3画出被驱动器300驱动的单元的矩阵310。驱动器300包括与矩阵每一列耦合的电流源320和电压源330。电流源320和电压源330通过与每一列关联的开关，耦合至与每一列关联的导电通路。该开关根据通常从显示缓冲器来的显示数据，可设为ON和OFF状态。在ON状态，开关在行扫描周期的开始，耦合至电压源的输出。在预充电周期结束后，对每一ON像素，开关把相应的电流源连接至相应列的导电通路。这两个步骤首先使寄生电容充电，然后使电流源送出电流，通过二极管与伴随它的寄生电容，把该二极管转变为ON。
电压源和电流源的电流，从图2所示的阳极进入每一个相应的矩阵单元。每一个矩阵单元的阴极与行的导电通路连接，该导电通路再通过一个或多个装置馈送到地。这些装置可以包括公共驱动器装置和矩阵的公共电极。这些装置有伴随它们的寄生电阻，在图3中以电阻360表示。在电学上以电阻360表示的装置，每次接通一行，以实现行扫描。因此，加在列的导电通路的电压和电流，被跨接和通向有效地被扫描的行的电容和二极管。
在行的导电通路上具有电阻360的结果，是电压在电阻360上增长，该电阻却随每一个转变为ON的二极管的增加而增加。随着流过列的导电通路电流的增加，电压也增加。因此，有许多像素转变为ON的行，比有较少像素转变为ON的行表现出更暗。这一现象通称串扰。按照本发明的一个实施例，为矩阵提供预充电的电压源，可以根据每一行的ON矩阵单元数，改变它输送的预充电电压量。此外，该电压源可以根据各二极管在ON状态的电流耗散量，改变它施加的预充电电压量，该电流耗散量可能又依赖于每一种不同类型二极管的电流耗散特性。此外，寄生电阻360是另一个可以用于确定预充电电压的因素。
图4A按照本发明的一个实施例，画出一种向电致发光矩阵提供预充电电压的可变电压源。该电压源是可调整的，并能根据各种因素及实时条件，设置预充电电压。现在参考图4A，电压源包括与ON像素数对应的向二极管的输出、比例因子K、和预充电电压Vp。给定行中ON的像素数，可以表达为0到N，这里在该行中有N个像素，或者M，作为可接受的近似，M＝0到5，或者另一个通常的值。输入可以是数字值或模拟值。Vp是预充电值，可以设定和调整，以达到在各种条件下优化矩阵性能的目的。它的值反映当给定行中一个或少数像素是ON时的预充电电压。K是比例值，根据作为矩阵单元实现的二极管电流和寄生电阻360确定。
值M或N和K，用于确定补偿电压Vc，当把该补偿电压加到Vp上时，产生跨接在二极管上一致的预充电电压。因此，Vprecharge＝Vp+Vc。Vc一般等于流过所有ON二极管的电流乘以寄生电阻360。可变预充电电压源，可以用各种模拟的和/或数字的配置实现。一般地说，预充电电压源330根据K、M或N、和Vp产生输出电压。K和Vp值可以存储在驱动器的寄存器中，该值能够改变，以便获得对特定矩阵需要的矩阵驱动特性。M或N值可以在行扫描期间动态地根据显示缓冲器的数据实时确定，该缓冲器用作该驱动器的输入。图4B画出用于驱动多色显示矩阵的预充电电压源330另外的实施例。该预充电电压源330接收与各二极管电流耗散特性和寄生电阻对应的输入值kr、Kg、Kb。它还接收与每一颜色ON的二极管数对应的值，该值对应于如上所述的一个N或一个M值。此外，对每一产生不同颜色的二极管，有基线预充电电压Vpr、Vpg、Vpb。根据这些值，确定如前所述的整体补偿电压Vc，它代表Kr*Nr+Kg*Ng+Kb*Nb。这些项的每一个代表对每一颜色的二极管的比例因子，乘以该类型ON的二极管数，得到跨接在寄生电阻上的电压Vc。把Vc值加在每一颜色的预充电电压上，对每一颜色产生预充电输出电压。这样，预充电电压源对每一不同颜色产生输出电压，该电压被电阻360引起的电压实时补偿。彩色矩阵画在图5。
虽然本文已经说明本发明的特定实施例，但本领域熟练人员应当清楚，在不偏离本发明的精神和范围下，可以对这些实施例作出修改。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于驱动电致发光矩阵的设备，包括：
至少一个电流源，用于驱动至少一个对应于ON的矩阵单元；和
可变电压源，用于向至少一个“ON”的矩阵单元输送预充电电压，其中的预充电电压根据ON的矩阵单元数确定。
2.按照权利要求1的设备，其中的预充电电压根据一行中ON的矩阵单元数确定。
3.按照权利要求1的设备，其中的预充电电压根据一行中ON的矩阵单元数，和电致发光矩阵的特性确定。
4.按照权利要求1的设备，其中的矩阵单元是有机发光二极管。
5.按照权利要求4的设备，其中，矩阵中每一个像素位置，包括三个二极管，该三个二极管各发射不同颜色的光。
6.按照权利要求5的设备，还包括两个附加的可变电压源，每一个可变电压源各自与三种颜色之一的二极管耦合。
7.按照权利要求6的设备，其中每一个可变电压源的预充电电压，根据每一种相应颜色中“ON”的二极管数确定。
8.一种驱动电致发光矩阵的方法，包括：
驱动至少一个对应于ON的矩阵单元；和
向至少一个“ON”的矩阵单元输送预充电电压，其中的预充电电压根据ON的矩阵单元数确定。
9.按照权利要求8的方法，其中的预充电电压根据一行中ON的矩阵单元数确定。
10.按照权利要求8的方法，其中的预充电电压根据一行中ON的矩阵单元数，和电致发光矩阵的特性确定。
11.按照权利要求8的方法，其中的矩阵单元是有机发光二极管。
12.按照权利要求11的方法，其中，矩阵中每一个像素位置，包括三个二极管，该三个二极管各发射不同颜色的光。
13.按照权利要求12的方法，还包括输送两个附加的预充电电压，其中，每一个预充电电压各自与三种颜色之一的二极管耦合。
14.按照权利要求13的方法，其中每一个预充电电压，根据每一种相应颜色中“ON”的二极管数确定。
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