CN1628119A - 作为抗真菌剂的2,2,4-三取代的四氢呋喃衍生物 - Google Patents
作为抗真菌剂的2,2,4-三取代的四氢呋喃衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1628119A CN1628119A CNA028291107A CN02829110A CN1628119A CN 1628119 A CN1628119 A CN 1628119A CN A028291107 A CNA028291107 A CN A028291107A CN 02829110 A CN02829110 A CN 02829110A CN 1628119 A CN1628119 A CN 1628119A
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- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- phenyl
- substituted
- methyl
- triazol
- Prior art date
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- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 6
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 3
- 229940121375 antifungal agent Drugs 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 239000003429 antifungal agent Substances 0.000 title abstract description 10
- -1 2,2,4-trisubstituted tetrahydrofuran Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 208000031888 Mycoses Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 206010017533 Fungal infection Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 89
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 48
- 125000004215 2,4-difluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C(F)C([H])=C1F 0.000 claims description 37
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 35
- LZTSCEYDCZBRCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-one Chemical compound OC=1N=CNN=1 LZTSCEYDCZBRCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000001589 carboacyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical group N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004390 alkyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004682 aminothiocarbonyl group Chemical group NC(=S)* 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002346 iodo group Chemical group I* 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000051 benzyloxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003626 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group Chemical group [*]N1N=C([H])N=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- FFSJPOPLSWBGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazol-4-one Chemical class O=C1C=NN=N1 FFSJPOPLSWBGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001376 1,2,4-triazolyl group Chemical group N1N=C(N=C1)* 0.000 claims description 6
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001401 1,2,4-triazol-4-yl group Chemical group N=1N=C([H])N([*])C=1[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002373 5 membered heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004070 6 membered heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical group O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004670 alkyl amino thio carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001204 N-oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[3-(1-cyclopropylpyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one Chemical class C1(CC1)N1N=CC(=C1)C1=NNC2=C1N=C(N=C2)N1C2C(N(CC1CC2)C)=O HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004464 hydroxyphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N teixobactin Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H]1C(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C[C@@H]2NC(=N)NC2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@H]1C)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)NC)C1=CC=CC=C1 LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N 0.000 claims 2
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Abstract
本发明涉及作为潜在抗真菌剂的2,2,4-三取代的四氢呋喃衍生物。本发明还涉及含有本发明化合物的药物组合物以及它们在治疗和/或预防哺乳动物,尤其是人类,真菌感染中的应用。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及作为潜在抗真菌剂的2,2,4-三取代的四氢呋喃衍生物。
本发明还涉及含有本发明化合物的药物组合物以及它们在治疗和/或预防哺乳动物,尤其是人类,真菌感染中的应用。
发明背景
对生命造成威胁的全身性真菌感染仍旧是严重的健康问题。特别地,作为糖尿病、癌症、长期类固醇治疗、器官移植抗排斥治疗、获得性免疫缺损综合征(AIDS)或其它生理或免疫缺损综合征的结果,变得“免疫削弱”的患者更容易受到机会性真菌感染。
从19世纪50年代至今,关键的机会性真菌病原体有白色念珠菌(Candidaalbicans)、烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus)和接合菌,它们会造成毛霉病,这是一种迅速的致命感染,尤其是在糖尿病患者中。今天,非白色念珠菌隔离群更加频繁,其它曲霉属也是这样。念珠菌属如今是造成医院血流感染的第四大原因,且它们有高达40%的死亡率。从1980年到1990年,美国医院中真菌感染的发病率从每天每1000名患者中有2人升高到3.85人,几乎翻了一倍。真菌感染率最显著的增长不仅发生在移植病房或肿瘤中心,而且发生在外科治疗中。这些变化模式表明,真菌感染不再局限于最严重的免疫削弱患者。
在最近20年,由于不同的念珠菌属物种,念珠菌血流行病学发生了实质性的改变。在19世纪60年代和70年代,85-90%的念珠菌血是由白色念珠菌造成的。然而,在1999年,只有42%的念珠菌血病例是由白色念珠菌造成的,而其余都是由非白色念珠菌引起的。
隐球菌病是AIDS患者的首要病因。这些患者中,威胁生命的隐球菌感染的发病率预计为10-30%;10-20%的患者在治疗初期死亡并有30-60%的患者在一年内死亡。从HIV阳性患者中经常分离出青霉(penicillinium marneffei),尤其是在东南亚。
最常见的造成毛霉病的病原体是根霉(Rhizopus),这是一种常见的可生活在任何有机物质上的面包霉。其它病原体包括毛霉(Mucor)、根毛霉(Rhizomuc)和犁头霉属(Absidia)。接合菌包括20多种不同的真菌,所有都表现出同样的组织学。严重的免疫削弱患者可能经由呼吸吸入受到接合菌感染。
镰刀霉(镰刀霉)是全世界最普遍的植物真菌,现在也认为它是一种人类病原体。镰刀霉感染可以发生在免疫削弱或免疫抑制个体。镰刀霉感染是威胁生命的并与不良预后有关。
Penicillium marneffei是一种环境真菌,它在免疫抑制患者中会造成严重的威胁生命的感染。Penicillium marneffei在AIDS大流行期间倍受关注,因为它会造成在临床上无法与弥散性组织胞浆菌病进行区别的疾病。
侵入性曲霉病已经或为导致死亡的主要原因,这主要是在急性白血病患者或接受异源骨髓移植后的患者和接受这些病症的细胞毒治疗后的患者中。它还发生在患有AIDS和慢性肉芽肿疾病之类病症的患者中。目前,只有两性霉素B和伊曲康唑可以治疗曲霉病。不考虑其体外活性,这些药物抗烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus)的体内效果仍旧很弱,其结果是侵入性曲霉病的致死率仍旧很高。
尽管在1939年就分离出了第一种具有抗真菌活性的药物灰黄霉素,且在1944和1949年分别报道了第一种吡咯和多烯抗真菌剂(Clin.Microbiol.Rev.,1988;1:187),但直到1960年才有两性霉素B(I.J.Am.Acad,Dermatol,1994;31:S51)的介绍(Antimicrob.Agents Chemother.,1996;40:279),它仍旧是治疗严重的全身性霉菌病的“金字招牌”。除了两性霉素B的常规功效外,它还与许多并发症和独特的毒性有关,这限制了它的应用。此外,该药物很难通过消化道吸收,这就不得不静脉内施用,它同样很难渗入正常和炎性脑脊膜的脑脊液(CSF)。两性霉素B的这些问题激发人们寻找新的药剂。
1980年以前就已经鉴定四类主要的抗真菌剂,即多烯、吡咯、吗啉和烯丙胺。20世纪90年代所做的进一步的研究得到了其它的一些新种类,如Candins和日光霉素(Exp.Opin.Investing.Drugs,1997;6:129)。然而,在全世界15中上市药品中,(Drugs,1997;53:549)吡咯类药物是目前使用和研究最广泛的抗真菌剂种类。
吡咯类抗真菌剂通过抑制细胞色素P-450依赖性酶羊毛固醇去甲基酶(称为14-α-固醇去甲基酶或P-450DM),从而阻止真菌胞质膜的主要组分麦角固醇的合成。这种酶还在哺乳动物胆固醇合成中扮演重要角色。当吡咯类物质以治疗浓度存在时,其抗真菌效果归结于它们对真菌P-450DM的亲和力比哺乳动物的酶高得多(Curr.Opin.Chem.Biol.,1997;1:176)。
目前用于临床的吡咯类抗真菌剂在吡咯环中含有两个或三个氮,因此分别被归类为咪唑类(例如酮康唑、咪康唑和克霉唑)或三唑类(例如伊曲康唑和氟康唑)。除了酮康唑,咪唑类的应用仅限于治疗浅表性霉菌病,而三唑类在治疗浅表性和系统性真菌感染中有广泛应用。三唑类药物的其它优点在于它们对真菌的亲和性远高于哺乳动物细胞色素P-450酶。
酮康唑的使用被严格限制,这一方面是由于其毒性和药代动力学特性较差,同时也因为没有机会性真菌感染,像曲霉病、念珠菌病和隐球菌病,对其作出反应(Antifungal Agents,401-410页,收录在G.L.Mandel,J.E Bennett和R.Dolin(编)Principles and practice of infectious diseases,第4版, ChurchillLivingstone,Inc.New York,N.Y)。氟康唑是目前用来治疗念珠菌属和C.neoformans感染的药物。然而,由于非白色念珠菌种类感染发病率升高以及对两性霉素B和新型吡咯类药物同时具有抗药性的非白色念珠菌分离物的出现,对因念珠菌属造成的严重感染的控制正变为不断上升的问题。(Am.J.Med.,1996;100:617)。同时,氟康唑的抗菌谱也受到影响,因为它仅对曲霉属(Aspergillus)物种有弱抑制活性。为预防侵入性曲霉病,为中性粒细胞减少的患者提出了很多抗真菌治疗方案,但只有伊曲康唑被认为可用于初级预防。然而,其临床活性还表现得很不一致,其表现为可变的口服有效性、低溶解度、非常高的蛋白质结合以及在动物中会造成卵巢癌的副作用。
辉瑞公司(Pfizer)最近研制的氟康唑的类似物-Voriconazole在白色念珠菌(C.albicans)和烟曲霉(A.fumigatus)溶解产物中对麦角固醇P450DM的抑制分别是氟康唑的1.6和160倍(Clin.Microbiol.Rev.,1999;12:40)。Voriconazole的缺点在于其非线性的药代动力学曲线,此外还有一些眼内毒性。由于安全问题,不得不停止研发一些早期化合物,其中包括SCH 39304(Genoconazole),TAK-187,SCH-42427(沙康唑),BAY R-8783(Electrazole)和D-0870。
正在研究中的氟康唑的类似物ER-30346(Ravuconazole)的抗曲霉属特性最好仅与伊曲康唑相同。Schering Plough的化合物SCH 56592(Posaconazole)对主要的机会性真菌病原体显示出有效的广谱抗菌活性,其中包括念珠菌属、C.neoformans和曲霉属。然而,其药代动力学曲线与伊曲康唑类似,且在CSF中不可检测,对耐药性最强的C.neoformans而言,即便在治疗数天后血清药物浓度仍超过MIC25-100倍。(Antimicrobial Agents and Chemother,1996;40:1910,36th interscienceConference on Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy,1996-7,New OrleansAbst.Drugs of the Future,1996;21:20)。
同一种药物有限的抗真菌活性谱、毒性和缺乏静脉内和口服制剂限制现有疗法成功治疗患者的可能性。
Voriconazole被设计成保留了氟康唑的非肠道和口服制剂的优点,但将其抗菌谱延至霉菌、难以治疗的酵母和较少见的真菌病原体。尽管voriconazole的口服生物利用度较高,但会有可饱和的代谢,这导致其效果不随口服和I.V.剂量成比例增加。Voriconazole药代动力学的个人之间的可变性大,其可能的眼内(ocular)毒性也亟待解决。
Caspofungin是新一代抗真菌药(echinocandins)的第一个成员。它可减少真菌必需的结构性细胞壁组分β(1,3)D-葡聚糖的合成。细胞壁是哺乳动物细胞所没有的真菌细胞的一种组成部分,缺乏胞壁葡聚糖将导致真菌渗透性脆弱。所述药物对胞壁的作用是通过非竞争性抑制其一种产物为负责葡聚糖合成的细胞膜蛋白的基因间接实现的。但caspofungin不具有抗隐球菌(Cryptococcus neoformans)的活性并仅可IV使用。
因此,上市的抗真菌剂以及正在研究的抗真菌剂都有毒性、活性谱窄和仅有抑真菌作用而不杀真菌作用之类的缺点。其中一些还会发生药物之间的相互作用,其结果是治疗变得复杂了。鉴于免疫削弱患者中真菌感染的高发病率和最近此类患者的人数的持续增加,对具有广谱抗菌活性和良好药代动力学特性的新型抗真菌剂的需求增加了。
发明概述
本发明的目的是提供式I的化合物,
式I
及其药学上可接受的盐,对映异构体,非对映异构体,N-氧化物,前药,代谢物,多形体,药学上可接受的溶剂合物,以及含有这些化合物的药物组合物,它们具有抗真菌活性并可克服与现有技术中所述的吡咯化合物有关的问题。
因此,本发明提供了式I的2,2,4-三取代的四氢呋喃化合物的衍生物。
其中,
Az是具有1-4个选自N、S或O的杂原子的5-7元杂环;优选的杂环是1,2,4-三唑-1-基;
Ar是含有1-4个选自氧、氮和硫的杂原子的5-7元杂环;苯基或具有1-3个独立选自卤素(例如氯、氟、溴或碘)、硝基、氰基、低级(C1-C4)烷基、低级(C1-C4)烷氧基或全卤低级(C1-C4)烷基、全卤低级(C1-C4)烷氧基的取代基的取代的苯基;优选的杂环是噻吩基和吡啶基;
R是H或甲基;
R1选自
其中,X选自CH2、O、S和SO2;
R2是氢或低级(C1-C4)烷基;
A是氢,低级(C1-C4)烷基,苯基或被一个或多个独立选自卤素(例如氯、氟、溴或碘原子)、硝基、氰基、羟基、低级(C1-C4)烷基、低级(C1-C4)烷氧基或全卤低级(C1-C4)烷基、全卤低级(C1-C4)烷氧基的基团取代的苯基;含有1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子的取代或未取代的5或6元杂环系统,所述杂环的取代基是(C1-C8)烷酰基,低级(C1-C4)烷基,低级(C1-C4)烷氧基羰基,N,N-二(低级烷基)(C1-C4)氨基羰基,氨基硫代羰基,N-低级(C1-C4)烷基氨基硫代羰基,N,N-二(低级烷基)(C1-C4)氨基硫代羰基,低级(C1-C4)烷基磺酰基,苯基取代的低级(C1-C4)烷基磺酰基,N-低级(C1-C4)烷基氨基,N,N-二(低级烷基)(C1-C4)氨基,1,3-咪唑-1-基,2-低级烷基(C1-C4)亚磺酰-1,3-咪唑-1-基,吡啶基,噻唑基,1,2,4三唑-4-基,或者是苯基或被一个或多个独立选自卤素(氯、氟、溴或碘)、全卤低级(C1-C4)烷基、全卤低级(C1-C4)烷氧基、(C2-C8)烷酰基、低级(C1-C4)烷基、被一个或多个羟基取代的低级(C1-C4)烷基、低级(C1-C4)烷氧基,硝基,氰基,羟基,1,2,4-三唑基,1,3-咪唑基,1,2,3,4-四唑基的基团取代的苯基。
更加优选的本发明的化合物是式II的化合物
式II
(式I,其中,Az是1,2,4-三唑-1-基;R是H或CH3;Ar是2,4-二卤取代的苯基,Hal是Cl、F、Br或I;
R1是
其中,A与上面的定义相同,优选的A是
Z是氢,(C1-C8)烷酰基,低级烷基,(C1-C8)全卤烷酰基或苯基,被一个或多个独立选自硝基,氰基,卤素(氯、氟、溴、碘),全卤低级(C1-C4)烷基,全卤低级(C1-C4)烷氧基;(C2-C8)烷酰基,低级(C1-C4)烷基,被一个或多个羟基取代的低级(C1-C4)烷基,低级(C1-C4)烷氧基,1,3-咪唑基,1,2,4-三唑基,1,2,3,4-四唑基或OCH2Y的基团取代的苯基;
其中,Y是苯基或被一个或多个独立选自硝基,氰基,卤素,全卤低级烷基,(C2-C8)烷酰基,低级烷基,羟基,被一个或多个羟基取代的低级烷基,低级烷氧基,1,3-咪唑基,1,2,4-三唑基或1,2,3,4-四唑基的基团取代的苯基;hal选自氟、氯、溴和碘原子,优选氟原子。
本发明化合物的药学上可接受的无毒的酸加成盐,可用此领域熟知的方法由无机酸或有机酸形成。
本发明的另一个目的是提供合成所述新型化合物的方法。
本发明还涉及通过给予所述哺乳动物含有本发明化合物的组合物来治疗或预防哺乳动物真菌感染的方法。
本发明还包括式I和II的前药。通常,这种前药是这些化合物的官能基衍生物,它可在体内方便地转化成所述化合物。选择和制备合适前药的常规方法是已知的。
本发明的其它优点将在下面的描述中显示,其中一部分优点通过描述是显见的,或者可通过实践本发明而了解。
式I的化合物的代表例包括
2-[(5R,3R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-{4-[4-(苯基)-1-哌嗪基]-氯苯基}-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮(化合物编号1),
2-[(5R,3S)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-[4-(苯基)-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮(化合物编号2),
2-[(5R,3S)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-[4-(羟基苯基)-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮(化合物编号3),
2-[(5R,3R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-[4-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-苯基-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮(化合物编号4),
2-[(5R,3S)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-{4-[4-(苯基)-1-哌嗪基]-氯苯基}-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮(化合物编号5),
2-[(5R,3S)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-[4-(苄氧基)-苯基]-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮(化合物编号6),
2-[(5R,3S)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-{4-[4-[4-(苄氧基)-苯基]-1-哌嗪基]-苯基}-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮(化合物编号7),
2-[(5R,3R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-[4-(2,2,3,3-四氟丙氧基)-苯基]-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮(化合物编号8),
2-[(5R,3R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-[4-(1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)-苯基]-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮(化合物编号9),
2-[(5R,3S)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-[4-(2,4-二氯苄氧基)-苯基]-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮(化合物编号10),
2-[(5R,3R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-{4-[4-[4-(苄氧基)-苯基]-1-哌嗪基]-苯基}-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮(化合物编号11),
2-[(5R,3R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-[4-(2,4-二氯苄氧基)-苯基]-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮(化合物编号12)。
发明详述
为实现上述目标,并根据这里提到并粗略描述的本发明的目的,提供了合成式I和式II的化合物的方法,如流程I和II所示。
流程I
流程II
在流程I中,提供了制造式I的化合物的方法,所述方法包括使式III的化合物与式IV的化合物反应,其中,Az是具有1-4个选自N、S或O的杂原子的5-7元杂环;优选的杂环是1,2,4-三唑-1-基;
Ar是含有1-4个选自氧、氮和硫的杂原子的5-7元杂环;苯基或具有1-3个独立选自卤素(例如氯、氟、溴或碘)、硝基、氰基、低级(C1-C4)烷基、低级(C1-C4)烷氧基或全卤低级(C1-C4)烷基、全卤低级(C1-C4)烷氧基的取代基的取代的苯基;优选的杂环是噻吩基和吡啶基;
R是H或甲基;
R1选自
其中,X选自CH2、O、S和SO2;
R2是氢或低级(C1-C4)烷基;
A是氢,低级(C1-C4)烷基,苯基或被一个或多个独立选自卤素(例如氯、氟、溴或碘原子)、硝基、氰基、羟基、低级(C1-C4)烷基、低级(C1-C4)烷氧基或全卤低级(C1-C4)烷基、全卤低级(C1-C4)烷氧基的基团取代的苯基;含有1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子的取代或未取代的5或6元杂环系统,所述杂环的取代基是(C1-C8)烷酰基,低级(C1-C4)烷基,低级(C1-C4)烷氧基羰基,N,N-二(低级烷基)(C1-C4)氨基羰基,氨基硫代羰基,N-低级(C1-C4)烷基氨基硫代羰基,N,N-二(低级烷基)(C1-C4)氨基硫代羰基,低级(C1-C4)烷基磺酰基,苯基取代的低级(C1-C4)烷基磺酰基,N-低级(C1-C4)烷基氨基,N,N-二(低级烷基)(C1-C4)氨基,1,3-咪唑-1-基,2-低级烷基(C1-C4)亚磺酰-1,3-咪唑-1-基,吡啶基,噻唑基,1,2,4三唑-4-基,或者是苯基或被一个或多个独立选自卤素(氯、氟、溴或碘)、全卤低级(C1-C4)烷基、全卤低级(C1-C4)烷氧基、(C2-C8)烷酰基、低级(C1-C4)烷基、被一个或多个羟基取代的低级(C1-C4)烷基、低级(C1-C4)烷氧基,硝基,氰基,羟基,1,2,4-三唑基,1,3-咪唑基,1,2,3,4-四唑基的基团取代的苯基。
通式III的起始化合物可用美国专利号5,661,151;5,703,236和5,039,676中描述的方法制备。通式IV的起始化合物可用美国专利号5,371,101和6,034,248;Chem.Ber.1970;103:1960和Chem.Ber.1975;108:3799中描述的方法制备。根据这些参考资料,流程I的这些起始化合物适合制造式I的化合物。
式III的化合物和式IV的化合物的反应可在合适的碱存在时进行,所述合适的碱选自氢化钠、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸铯等。反应可在合适的溶剂,如二甲基甲酰胺,二甲基亚砜,甲苯,异丙醇,四氢呋喃,乙二醇,二甲醚(DME)等或其混合物存在时进行。反应的温度范围是30-120℃,优选在80-85℃。
流程II显示了式II的化合物的合成,其中,R、A和卤素基团如上面的定义。
所述制法包括,在30-125℃下,优选在80-85℃下,在碱和有机溶剂(如二甲基甲酰胺)存在时将式V的2,2,4-三取代的四氢呋喃和式VI的4-取代的三唑酮缩合,其中,A与上面的定义相同,缩合过程1-数小时,以制得相应的式II的1,4-二取代的三唑酮。
在上述流程中,提到了特定的碱和溶剂等,应当理解,也可施用精通此领域的技术人员已知的其它碱和溶剂。类似地,也可根据需要调节反应温度和反应时间。
药理活性
式I的化合物及其盐可用于治疗或预防动物,包括人类的真菌感染。
可通过测定最小抑制浓度(MIC)体外评价本发明化合物的抗真菌活性(见表I),最小抑制浓度是在用3-(吗啉代)丙烷磺酸(MOPS)缓冲至pH7的Rosewell ParkMemorial Institute(RPMI)1640液体培养基中显著抑制特定真菌的实验化合物的浓度。在实践中,临床实验标准全国会议(National Committee for ClinicalLaboratory Standard)(NCCLS)确定了用来测定MIC的关于念珠菌和隐球菌的文件M27A和关于曲霉属的文件M38P,并且仅当质量控制结果落入可接受范围时才记录读数。在记录MIC结果后,从没有显示生长的孔中各取出100μL并在Sabouraud葡萄糖琼脂(Sabouraud Dextrose Agar)(SDA)上展开以确定最小真菌浓度(MFC)。
化合物的体内评价可通过将一系列剂量水平通过口服或i.v.注射给予小鼠,所述小鼠已通过尾静脉I.V.接种了最小致死剂量的白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)、Cryptococcus neoformans或烟曲霉。活性取决于小鼠未经治疗组死亡后小鼠接受治疗组的存活率。对于曲霉属和隐球菌感染,在治疗后培养靶器官以证实从感染中治愈的小鼠的数目,以便进一步评估活性。
当用于人类时,本发明的抗真菌化合物及其盐可单独施用,但通常是和药用载体混合给予,所述药用载体的选择要根据所需用药途径和标准药物实践,例如,它们可以口服给予,其形式可以是含有淀粉或乳糖之类的赋形剂的片剂,或是单独的或与赋形剂混合的胶囊或卵(ovule),或是含有调味剂或着色剂的酏剂、溶液剂或悬浮剂形式。它们可肠胃外注射,例如静脉内、肌肉内或皮下注射。当肠胃外施用时,最好以无菌含水溶液的形式使用,其中可含有其它物质,例如,使溶液与血液等渗的足量的盐或葡萄糖。
表-I
组成 | 化合物的MIC(g/ml) | |||||||
化合物编号 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 9 | |
Candida parapsilosis ATCC22019(QC) | <0.00025 | 8 | 8 | 0.25 | 16 | 0.03 | 0.125 | 16 |
Candida brusei ATCC 6258(QC) | 0.125 | 16 | 8 | 4 | 16 | 0.25 | 8 | 64 |
Paecilomyces variotti ATCC22319(QC) | Ng | 16 | 8 | 16 | >16 | 1 | 1 | 32 |
Cryptococcus neoformans I | 0.004 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 8 | <0.03 | 0.06 | 32 |
Cryptococcus neoformans M106 | 0.016 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 0.125 | 0.125 | 8 |
Histoplasma capsulatum | 0.03 | 16 | 16 | 0.5 | 16 | 0.25 | 16 | 64 |
热带假丝酵母(Candidatropicalis)ATCC 750 | 0.002 | 16 | 0.5 | 0.06 | 16 | 0.03 | 0.125 | 8 |
Candida krusei 766.1 | 0.125 | 16 | 16 | 8 | 16 | 1 | 16 | 64 |
白色念珠菌Y-01-19 | Ng | 16 | 16 | 1 | 8 | 0. | 125 | 16 |
白色念珠菌ATCC 36082 | 0.03 | 2 | 0.125 | 0.03 | 16 | 0.03 | <0.03 | |
Candida labrata 90030 | 0.5 | 16 | 16 | 2 | 16 | 1 | 16 | 64 |
烟曲霉(Aspergillusfumigatus)1008 | 0.25 | 16 | 16 | 16 | >16 | 2 | 16 | >128 |
烟曲霉(Aspergillusfumigatus)Si-I | 0.25 | 16 | 16 | 16 | >16 | 1 | 16 | >128 |
白色念珠菌1122 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4 |
白色念珠菌1162 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 64 |
在下面给出的实施例中详细解释了本发明,这些实施例仅是为了举例,因此不能作为对本发明范围的限制。
实施例1
2-[(5R,3R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-{4-[4-(苯基)-1-哌嗪基]-氯苯基}-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮的制备
将DMF(15ml)中(3R,5R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-5-[(1H 1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-甲基]-四氢-3-呋喃甲醇,4-甲苯磺酸酯(0.25gm,0.556mmol)和溴化钾(0.132gm,1.113mmol)的混合物于80-85℃加热1小时。室温下,在上述混合物中加入碳酸钾(0.154g,1.113mmol)和4-{4-[4-(氯苯基)-1-哌嗪基]-苯基}-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮(0.178gm,0.50mmol),并将所得混合物再在80-85℃加入5小时。反应结束后,将混合物倒在碎冰上并用乙酸乙酯提取(3×50ml)。合并的有机层依次用水(3×100ml)和盐酸(50ml)洗涤,然后用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并在真空下干燥以得到油状残余物。将残余物在硅胶上层析,用己烷-乙酸乙酯(9∶1)洗脱以得到白色固体状的标题化合物。产率:0.285g,(81%)。
1HNMR(CDCl3):δ8.11(1H,s,三唑-H),7.77(1H,s,三唑-H),7.58(1H,s,三唑酮-H),7.41-7.33(2H,m,Ar-H),7.41-7.33(2H,m,Ar-H),7.33(1H,m,Ar-H),7.25-7.22(2H,m,Ar-H),7.02(2H,d,J=8.94Hz,Ar-H),6.82-6.78(2H,m,Ar-H),4.66-4.53(2H,dd,J=14.37&14.49Hz,CH2-三唑),4.13-4.07(1H,m,CH2-三唑酮),3.90-3.83(1H,m,CH2-三唑酮),3.79-3.68(2H,m,C-2H),3.36-3.30(8H,m,哌嗪-H),2.64-2.53(2H,m,C-4H&C-3H)和2.08-2.00(1H,m,C-4H)
IR(KBr):3445,2835,1699(CO),1498和1230cm-1
MS(阳离子模式)m/z:633.3[M++1]
m.p.:171-175℃
实施例2
2-[(5R,3S)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-[4-(苯基)-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮的制备
用实施例1的方法,将(3S,5R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-5-[(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-甲基]-四氢-3-呋喃甲醇,4-甲苯磺酸酯和4-[4-(苯基)-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮反应得到标题化合物。
1HNMR(CDCl3):δ8.59(1H,s,三唑-H),8.13(1H,s,三唑-H),8.08(1H,s,三唑酮-H),7.85-7.78(3H,m,Ar-H),7.69-7.68(3H,m,Ar-H),7.51-7.43(1H,m,Ar-H),6.89-6.80(2H,m,Ar-H),4.56(1H,d,J=14.25Hz,CH2-三唑),4.35(1H,d,J=14.25Hz,CH2-三唑),4.14-4.08(1H,m,CH2-三唑酮),3.81-3.60(3H,m,CH2-三唑酮&C-2H),2.83-2.75(1H,m,C-3H,2.34-2.24(1H,m,C-4H)和2.13-2.06(1H,m,C-4H)
IR(KBr):3442,1695(CO),1529,1402和1276cm-1
MS(阳离子模式)m/z:506.1[M++1]
m.p.:186-187℃
实施例3
2-[(5R,3S)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-[4-(羟基苯基)]-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4M-1,2,4-三唑酮的制备
标题化合物是用与实施例1所述类似的方法用(3S,5R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-5-[(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-甲基]-四氢-3-呋喃甲醇,4-甲苯磺酸酯和4-[4-(羟基苯基)]-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮制备的。
1HNMR(CDCl3+MEOD):δ8.19(1H,s,三唑-H),7.81(1H,s,三唑-H),7.62(1H,s,三唑酮-H),7.45-7.40(2H,m,Ar-H),6.92-6.79(4H,m,Ar-H),4.56(1H,d,J=14.23Hz,CH2-三唑),4.45(1H,d,J=14.23Hz,CH2-三唑),4.17-4.12(1H,m,CH2-三唑酮),3.80-3.61(3H,m,C-2H&CH2-三唑酮),3.36(1H,brs,-OH),2.78-2.71(1H,m,C-3H),2.50-2.42(1H,m,C-4H)和2.16-2.10(1H,m,C-4H)
IR(KBr):3449(OH),1684(CO),1515和1274cm-1
MS(阳离子模式)m/z:454[M++1]
m.p.:199.1-201.4℃
实施例4
2-[(5R,3R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-[4-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-苯基-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮的制备
标题化合物是用与实施例1所述类似的方法用(3R,5R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-5-[(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-甲基]-四氢-3-呋喃甲醇,4-甲苯磺酸酯和4-[4-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-苯基]-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮制得的。
1HNMR(CDCl3):δ8.15(1H,s,三唑-H),8.00(1H,s,三唑-H),7.96(1H,s,三唑酮-H),7.80(1H,s,三唑-H),7.78(1H,s,三唑-H),7.68-7.56(3H,m,Ar-H),7.44-7.37(2H,m,Ar-H),6.84-6.78(1H,m,Ar-H),5.39(2H,m,CH2-三唑酮&CH2-三唑),5.09-4.98(2H,m,CH2-三唑),4.61-4.57(1H,m,C-2H),4.13-4.07(1H,m,C-2H),4.10(1H,d,J=5.00Hz,CH2-三唑),3.84-3.72(1H,m,C-2H)和2.09-2.04(3H,m,C-2H&C-4H)
IR(KBr):3431,1706(CO),1503和1273cm-1
MS(阳离子模式)m/z:520[M++1]
m.p.:60-62.7℃
实施例5
2-[(5R,3S)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(LH-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-{4-[4-(苯基)-1-哌嗪基]-氯苯基}-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮的制备
标题化合物是用与实施例1所述类似的方法用(3S,5R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-5-[(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-甲基]-四氢-3-呋喃甲醇,4-甲苯磺酸酯和4-{4-[4-(苯基)-1-哌嗪基]-氯苯基}-3(2H,4-)-1,2,4-三唑酮制得的。
1HNMR(CDCl3):δ8.10(1H,s,三唑-H),7.85(1H,s,三唑-H),7.54(1H,s,三唑酮-H),7.49-7.41(1H,m,Ar-H),7.36(2H,d,J=10.75Hz,Ar-H),7.26-7.23(2Hm,Ar-H),7.01(2H,d,J=8.8Hz,Ar-H),6.91-6.80(4H,m,Ar-H),4.56(1H,dJ=14.23Hz,CH2-三唑),4.32(1H,d,J=14.23Hz,CH2-三唑),4.14-4.09(1H,m,CH2-三唑酮),3.78-3.70(2H,m,C-2H&CH2-三唑酮),3.65-3.58(1H,m,C-2H),3.35-3.32(8H,brm,哌嗪-H),2.81-2.74(1H,m,C-3H),2.37-2.28(1H,m,C-3H&C-4H)和2.13-2.06(1H,m,C-4H)
IR(KBr):2833,1691(CO),1520,1498和1232cm-1
MS(阳离子模式)m/z:633.2[M++1]
m.p.:177-178.2℃
实施例6
2-[(5R,3S)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-[4-(苄氧基)-苯基]-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4M-1,2,4-三唑酮的制备
标题化合物是用与实施例1所述类似的方法用(3S,5R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-5-[(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-甲基]-四氢-3-呋喃甲醇,4-甲苯磺酸酯和4-[4-(苄氧基)-苯基]-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮制得的。
1HNMR(CDCl3):δ8.09(1H,s,三唑-H),7.58(1H,s,三唑-H),7.53(1H,s,三唑酮-H),7.46-7.35(8H,m,Ar-H),7.06-7.03(2H,m,Ar-H),6.88-6.80(2H,m,Ar-H),5.09(2H,s,OCH2),4.55(1H,d,J=14.27Hz,CH2-三唑),4.36(1H,d,J=14.23Hz,CH2-三唑),4.13-4.08(1H,m,CH2-三唑酮),3.79-3.69(2H,m,C-2H&CH2-三唑酮),3.65-3.60(1H,m,C-2H),2.77-2.75(1H,m,C-3H),2.13-2.09(1H,m,C-4H)和2.07-2.05(1H,m,C-4H)
IR(KBr):3434,1691(CO),1517和1255cm-1
Ms(阳离子模式)m/z:545[M++1]
m.p.:128.2-131.7℃
实施例7
2-[(5R,3S)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-{4-[4-[4-(苄氧基)-苯基]-1-哌嗪基]-苯基}-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮的制备。
标题化合物是用与实施例1所述类似的方法用(3S,5R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-5-[(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-甲基]-四氢-3-呋喃甲醇,4-甲苯磺酸酯和4-[4-[4-[4-(苄氧基)-苯基]-1-哌嗪基]-苯基]-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮制得的。
1HNMR(CDCl3):δ8.08(1H,s,三唑-H),7.84(1H,s,三唑-H),7.46(1H,s,三唑酮-H),7.44-7.32(9H,m,Ar-H),7.03-6.94(4H,m,Ar-H),6.85-6.82(3H,m,Ar-H),5.03(2H,s,OCH2),4.57(1H,d,J=14.23Hz,CH2-三唑),4.38(1H,d,J=14.26Hz,CH2-三唑),4.18-4.08(1H,m,CH2-三唑酮),3.75-3.62(3H,m,C-2H&CH2-三唑酮),3.38-3.35(4H,m,哌嗪-H),3.25-3.23(4H,m,哌嗪-H),2.76-2.60(1H,m,C-3H),2.53-2.31(1H,m,C-4H)和2.12-1.96(1H,m,C-4H)
IR(KBr):3448,2930,1693(CO),1516和1271cm-1
MS(阳离子模式)m/z:705[M++1]
m.p.:166.4-167.8℃
实施例8
2-[(5R,3R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-[4-(2,2,3,3-四氟丙氧基)-苯基-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮的制备。
标题化合物是用与实施例1所述类似的方法用(3R,5R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-5-[(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-甲基]-四氢-3-呋喃甲醇,4-甲苯磺酸酯和4-[4-(2,2,3,3-四氟丙氧基)-苯基]-3(2H,4/-I)-1,2,4-三唑酮制得的。
1HNMR(CDCl3):δ8.29(1H,s,三唑-H),7.83(1H,s,三唑-H),7.62(1H,s,三唑酮-H),7.49(2H,d,J=8.70Hz,Ar-H),7.32-7.29(1H,m,Ar-H),7.03(2H,d,J=8.70Hz,Ar-H),6.86-6.80(2H,m,Ar-H),6.23-5.88(1H,ttt,CHF2),4.65-4.57(1H,m,CH2-三唑),4.42-4.34(1H,m,CH2-三唑),4.13-4.08(1H,m,CH2-三唑酮),3.91-3.74(3H,m,C-2H&CH2-三唑酮),2.65-2.51(2H,m,C-3H&C-4H)和2.08-2.01(1H,m,C-4H)
IR(KBr):3446,1706(CO),1517,1136和1108cm-1
MS(阳离子模式)m/z:568[M++1]
m.p.:64.5-66.4℃
实施例9
2-[(5R,3R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-[4-(1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)-苯基]-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮的合成
标题化合物是用与实施例1所述类似的方法用(3R,5R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-5-[(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-甲基]-四氢-3-呋喃甲醇,4-甲苯磺酸酯和4-[4-(1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)-苯基]-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮制得的。
1HNMR(CDCl3):δ8.14(1H,s,三唑-H),7.80(1H,s,三唑-H),7.61(1H,s,三唑酮-H),7.44-7.34(3H,m,Ar-H)7.05(2H,d,J=8.42Hz,Ar-H),6.87-6.78(2H,m,Ar-H),4.66(1H,d,J=14.48Hz,CH2-三唑),4.54(1H,d,J=14.35Hz,CH2-三唑),4.12-4.07(1H,m,CH2-三唑酮),3.82-3.69(3H,m,C-2H&CH2-三唑酮),2.64-2.54(2H,m,C-3H&C-4H)和2.08-2.01(1H,m,C-4H)
IR(KBr):3490,2927,1707(CO),1521,1407,1270和1137cm-1
MS(阳离子模式)m/z:479[M++1]
m.p.:73.7-75.2℃
实施例10
2-[(5R,3S)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-[4-(2,4-二氯苄氧基)-苯基]-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮的制备
标题化合物是用与实施例1所述类似的方法用(3S,5R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-5-[(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-甲基]-四氢-3-呋喃甲醇,4-甲苯磺酸酯和4-[4-(2,4-二氯苄氧基)-苯基]-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮制得的。
1HNMR(CDCl3):δ8.09(1H,s,三唑-H),7.84(1Hm,s,三唑-H),7.56(1H,s,三唑酮-H),7.54-7.38(5H,m,Ar-H),7.30(1H,m,Ar-H),7.05-7.03(2H,m,Ar-H),6.88-6.83(2H,m,Ar-H),5.14(2H,s,OCH2),4.55(1H,d,J=14.38Hz,CH2-三唑),4.36(1H,d,J=14.23Hz,CH2-三唑),4.13-4.08(1H,m,CH2-三唑酮),3.79-3.57(3H,m,C-2H&CH2-三唑酮),2.80-2.73(1H,m,C-3H),2.33-2.29(1H,m,C-4H)和2.12-2.05(1H,m,C-4H)
IR(KBr):3448,2929,1707(CO),1515,1246和1137cm-1
MS(阳离子模式)m/z:613[M++1]
m.p.:100.7-104.7℃
实施例11
2-[(5R,3R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-{4-[4-[4-(苄氧基)-苯基]-1-哌嗪基]-苯基}-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮的制备
标题化合物是用与实施例1所述类似的方法用(3R,5R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-5-[(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-甲基]-四氢-3-呋喃甲醇,4-甲苯磺酸酯和4-{4-[4-[4-(苄氧基)-苯基]-1-哌嗪基]-苯基}-3-(2H,3H)-1,2,4-三唑酮制得的。
1HNMR(CDCl3):δ8.11(1H,s,三唑-H),8.09(1H,s,三唑-H),7.77(1H,s,三唑酮-H),7.45-7.32(8H,m,Ar-H),7.04-6.95(6H,m,Ar-H),6.90-6.79(2H,m,Ar-H),5.04(2H,s,OCH2),4.62-4.59(2H,m,CH2-三唑),4.11(1H,m,CH2-三唑酮),3.86-3.73(3H,m,C-2H&CH2-三唑酮),3.38-3.35(4H,brm,哌嗪-H),3.25-3.23(4H,brm,哌嗪-H),2.35-2.25(2H,m,C-3H&C-4H)和2.09-2.04(1H,m,C-4H)
IR(KBr):3421,2827,1695(CO),1516和1249cm-1
MS(阳离子模式)m/z:705[M++1]
m.p.:174.5-178.5℃
实施例12
2-[(5R,3R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-[4-(2,4-二氯苄氧基)-苯基]-2,4-二氢-3(2H,41-1,2,4-三唑酮的制备
标题化合物是用与实施例1所述类似的方法用(3R,5R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-5-[(1H-1m,2,4-三唑-1-基)-甲基]-四氢-3-呋喃甲醇,4-甲苯磺酸酯和4-[4-(2,4-二氯苄氧基)-苯基]-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮制得的。
1HNMR(CDCl3):δ8.14(1H,s,三唑-H),7.81(1H,s,三唑-H),7.62(1H,s,三唑酮-H),7.52-7.45(4H,m,Ar-H),7.37-7.30(2H,m,Ar-H),7.08(2H,d,J=8.90Hz,Ar-H),6.86-6.82(2H,m,Ar-H),5.18(2H,s,OCH2),4.65-4.56(2H,dd,J=14.43Hz每个,CH2-三唑),4.16-4.11(1H,m,CH2-三唑酮),3.88-3.82(2H,m,C-2H),3.78-2.76(1H,m,CH2-三唑酮),2.92-2.57(2H,m,C-3H&C-4H)和2.11-2.04(1H,m,C-4H)
IR(KBr):3448,2930,1706(CO),1514,1246和1137cm-1
MS(阳离子模式)m/z:613[M++1]
m.p.:70-71.2℃
本说明书中提到的所有出版物,包括但不限于专利和专利申请,被并入其中以供参考,这就好比将各个出版物分别并单独指出并全文并入以供参考。
上面的描述完全揭示了本发明,包括其优选的实施方案。无需进一步说明,这里所述特定实施方案的修改和改进包含在以下权利要求的范围之内,应该认为,精通此领域的技术人员可利用上面的描述最大程度地利用本发明。因此,这里的实施例仅仅是为了阐述而不是以任何方式限制本发明的范围。本发明的实施方案,其中要求了一项排他性所有权或特权,的范围如下。
Claims (13)
1.具有式I所示结构的化合物,
式I
及其药学上可接受的盐,对映异构体,非对映异构体,N-氧化物,前药,代谢物,多形体,药学上可接受的溶剂合物,
其中,
Az是具有1-4个
式I
选自N、S或O的杂原子的5-7元杂环;优选的杂环是1,2,4-三唑-1-基;
Ar是含有1-4个选自氧、氮和硫的杂原子的5-7元杂环;苯基或具有1-3个独立选自卤素(例如氯、氟、溴或碘)、硝基、氰基、低级(C1-C4)烷基、低级(C1-C4)烷氧基或全卤低级(C1-C4)烷基、全卤低级(C1-C4)烷氧基的取代基的取代的苯基;优选的杂环是噻吩基和吡啶基;
R是H或甲基;
R1选自
其中,
X选自CH2、O、S和SO2;
R2是氢或低级(C1-C4)烷基;
A是氢,低级(C1-C4)烷基,苯基或被一个或多个独立选自卤素(例如氯、氟、溴或碘原子)、硝基、氰基、羟基、低级(C1-C4)烷基、低级(C1-C4)烷氧基或全卤低级(C1-C4)烷基、全卤低级(C1-C4)烷氧基的基团取代的苯基;含有1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子的取代或未取代的5或6元杂环系统,所述杂环的取代基是(C1-C8)烷酰基,低级(C1-C4)烷基,低级(C1-C4)烷氧基羰基,N,N-二(低级烷基)(C1-C4)氨基羰基,氨基硫代羰基,N-低级(C1-C4)烷基氨基硫代羰基,N,N-二(低级烷基)(C1-C4)氨基硫代羰基,低级(C1-C4)烷基磺酰基,苯基取代的低级(C1-C4)烷基磺酰基,N-低级(C1-C4)烷基氨基,N,N-二(低级烷基)(C1-C4)氨基,1,3-咪唑-1-基,2-低级烷基(C1-C4)亚磺酰-1,3-咪唑-1-基,吡啶基,噻唑基,1,2,4三唑-4-基,或者是苯基或被一个或多个独立选自卤素(氯、氟、溴或碘)、全卤低级(C1-C4)烷基、(C2-C8)烷酰基、低级(C1-C4)烷基、被一个或多个羟基取代的低级(C1-C4)烷基、低级(C1-C4)烷氧基,硝基,氰基,羟基,1,2,4-三唑基,1,3-咪唑基,1,2,3,4-四唑基的基团取代的苯基。
3.如权利要求2所述的具有式II所示结构的化合物,其中,A用下式表示
Z是氢,(C1-C8)烷酰基,低级烷基,(C1-C8)全卤烷酰基或苯基,被一个或多个独立选自硝基,氰基,卤素(氯、氟、溴、碘),全卤低级(C1-C4)烷基,全卤低级(C1-C4)烷氧基;(C2-C8)烷酰基,低级(C1-C4)烷基,被一个或多个羟基取代的低级(C1-C4)烷基,低级(C1-C4)烷氧基,1,3-咪唑基,1,2,4--三唑基,1,2,3,4-四唑基或OCH2Y的基团取代的苯基;
其中,Y是苯基或被一个或多个独立选自硝基,氰基,卤素,全卤低级烷基,(C2-C8)烷酰基,低级烷基,羟基,被一个或多个羟基取代的低级烷基,低级烷氧基,1,3-咪唑基,1,2,4-三唑基或1,2,3,4-四唑基的基团取代的苯基。
4.一种化合物,所述化合物选自:
2-[(5R,3R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-{4-[4-(苯基)-1-哌嗪基]-氯苯基}-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮,
2-[(5R,3R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-[4-(苯基)-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮,
2-[(5R,3R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-[4-(羟基苯基)-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮,
2-[(5R,3R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-[4-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-苯基-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮,
2-[(5R,3S)-5-(2,4,二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-{4-[4-(苯基)-1-哌嗪基]-氯苯基}-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮,
2-[(5R,3R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-[4-(苄氧基)-苯基]-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮,
2-[(5R,3R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-{4-[4-[4-(苄氧基)-苯基]-1-哌嗪基]-苯基}-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮,
2-[(5R,3R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-[4-(2,2,3,3-四氟丙氧基)-苯基]-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮,
2-[(5R,3R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-z
2-[(5R,3S)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-[4-(2,4-二氯苄氧基)-苯基]-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮,
2-[(5R,3R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-{4-[4-[4-(苄氧基)-苯基]-1-哌嗪基]-苯基}-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮,
2-[(5R,3R)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-呋喃-3-基-甲基]-4-[4-(2,4-二氯苄氧基)-苯基]-2,4-二氢-3(2H,4H)-1,2,4-三唑酮,
5.一种药物组合物,所述组合物含有治疗有效量的权利要求1-4中所定义的化合物和药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂载体或稀释剂。
6.一种治疗或预防哺乳动物真菌感染的方法,所述方法包括给予所述哺乳动物治疗有效量的具有式I所示结构的化合物
式I
及其药学上可接受的盐,对映异构体,非对映异构体,N-氧化物,前药,代谢物,多形体或药学上可接受的溶剂合物,
Az是具有1-4个选自N、S或O的杂原子的5-7元杂环;优选的杂环是1,2,4-三唑-1-基;
Ar是含有1-4个选自氧、氮和硫的杂原子的5-7元杂环;苯基或具有1-3个独立选自卤素(例如氯、氟、溴或碘)、硝基、氰基、低级(C1-C4)烷基、低级(C1-C4)烷氧基或全卤低级(C1-C4)烷基、全卤低级(C1-C4)烷氧基的取代基的取代的苯基;优选的杂环是噻吩基和吡啶基;
R是H或甲基;
R1选自
其中,X选自CH2、O、S和SO2;
R2是氢或低级(C1-C4)烷基;
A是氢,低级(C1-C4)烷基,苯基或被一个或多个独立选自卤素(例如氯、氟、溴或碘原子)、硝基、氰基、羟基、低级(C1-C4)烷基、低级(C1-C4)烷氧基或全卤低级(C1-C4)烷基、全卤低级(C1-C4)烷氧基的基团取代的苯基;含有1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子的取代或未取代的5或6元杂环系统,所述杂环的取代基是(C1-C8)烷酰基,低级(C1-C4)烷基,低级(C1-C4)烷氧基羰基,N,N-二(低级烷基)(C1-C4)氨基羰基,氨基硫代羰基,N-低级(C1-C4)烷基氨基硫代羰基,N,N-二(低级烷基)(C1-C4)氨基硫代羰基,低级(C1-C4)烷基磺酰基,苯基取代的低级(C1-C4)烷基磺酰基,N-低级(C1-C4)烷基氨基,N,N-二(低级烷基)(C1-C4)氨基,1,3-咪唑-1-基,2-低级烷基(C1-C4)亚磺酰-1,3-咪唑-1-基,吡啶基,噻唑基,1,2,4三唑-4-基,或者是苯基或被一个或多个独立选自卤素(氯、氟、溴或碘)、全卤低级(C1-C4)烷基、(C2-C8)烷酰基、低级(C1-C4)烷基、被一个或多个羟基取代的低级(C1-C4)烷基、低级(C1-C4)烷氧基,硝基,氰基,羟基,1,2,4-三唑基,1,3-咪唑基,1,2,3,4-四唑基的基团取代的苯基。
7.一种治疗或预防哺乳动物真菌感染的方法,所述方法包括给予所述哺乳动物治疗有效量的权利要求5所述的药物组合物。
8.一种制造式I的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐,对映异构体,非对映异构体,N-氧化物,前药,代谢物,多形体或药学上可接受的溶剂合物的方法,
其中,
Az是具有1-4个选自N、S或O的杂原子的5-7元杂环;优选的杂环是1,2,4-三唑-1-基;
Ar是含有1-4个选自氧、氮和硫的杂原子的5-7元杂环;苯基或具有1-3个独立选自卤素(例如氯、氟、溴或碘)、硝基、氰基、低级(C1-C4)烷基、低级(C1-C4)烷氧基或全卤低级(C1-C4)烷基、全卤低级(C1-C4)烷氧基的取代基的取代的苯基;优选的杂环是噻吩基和吡啶基;
R是H或甲基;
R1选自
其中,X选自CH2、O、S和SO2;
R2是氢或低级(C1-C4)烷基;
A是氢,低级(C1-C4)烷基,苯基或被一个或多个独立选自卤素(例如氯、氟、溴或碘原子)、硝基、氰基、羟基、低级(C1-C4)烷基、低级(C1-C4)烷氧基或全卤低级(C1-C4)烷基、全卤低级(C1-C4)烷氧基的基团取代的苯基;含有1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子的取代或未取代的5或6元杂环系统,所述杂环的取代基是(C1-C8)烷酰基,低级(C1-C4)烷基,低级(C1-C4)烷氧基羰基,N,N-二(低级烷基)(C1-C4)氨基羰基,氨基硫代羰基,N-低级(C1-C4)烷基氨基硫代羰基,N,N-二(低级烷基)(C1-C4)氨基硫代羰基,低级(C1-C4)烷基磺酰基,苯基取代的低级(C1-C4)烷基磺酰基,N-低级(C1-C4)烷基氨基,N,N-二(低级烷基)(C1-C4)氨基,1,3-咪唑-1-基,2-低级烷基(C1-C4)亚磺酰-1,3-咪唑-1-基,吡啶基,噻唑基,1,2,4三唑-4-基,或者是苯基或被一个或多个独立选自卤素(氯、氟、溴或碘)、全卤低级(C1-C4)烷基、(C2-C8)烷酰基、低级(C1-C4)烷基、被一个或多个羟基取代的低级(C1-C4)烷基、低级(C1-C4)烷氧基,硝基,氰基,羟基,1,2,4-三唑基,1,3-咪唑基,1,2,3,4-四唑基的基团取代的苯基;
所述方法包括使式III的化合物与式IV的化合物反应,如下所示,其中所用的符号如以上定义
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,该方法用于制备式II的化合物,其中,A是
Z是氢,(C1-C8)烷酰基,低级烷基,(C1-C8)全卤烷酰基或苯基,被一个或多个独立选自硝基,氰基,卤素(氯、氟、溴、碘),全卤低级(C1-C4)烷基,全卤低级(C1-C4)烷氧基;(C2-C8)烷酰基,低级(C1-C4)烷基,被一个或多个羟基取代的低级(C1-C4)烷基,低级(C1-C4)烷氧基,1,3-咪唑基,1,2,4-三唑基,1,2,3,4-四唑基或OCH2Y的基团取代的苯基;
其中,Y是苯基或被一个或多个独立选自硝基,氰基,卤素,全卤低级烷基,(C2-C8)烷酰基,低级烷基,羟基,被一个或多个羟基取代的低级烷基,低级烷氧基,1,3-咪唑基,1,2,4-三唑基或1,2,3,4-四唑基的基团取代的苯基。
11.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中,式III和式IV的化合物在合适的有机溶剂中反应,其中,所述溶剂选自二甲基甲酰胺,二甲基亚砜,甲苯,异丙醇,四氢呋喃,乙二醇,二甲醚及其混合物。
12.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中,式III和式IV的化合物在合适的碱存在时反应。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中,所述碱选自氢化钠,碳酸钾,碳酸铯和碳酸钠。
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US (1) | US20050261330A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1497298A1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1628119A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2002253440A1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0215702A (zh) |
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CN111848600A (zh) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-10-30 | 沈阳药科大学 | 2,4,4-三取代二氢噁唑衍生物及其用途 |
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US4992421A (en) * | 1988-04-19 | 1991-02-12 | Abbott Laboratories | Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone antagonist |
US5039676A (en) * | 1990-05-11 | 1991-08-13 | Schering Corporation | Tri- and tetra-substituted-oxetanes and tetrahydrofurans and intermediates thereof |
IL103558A0 (en) * | 1991-10-30 | 1993-03-15 | Schering Corp | Tri-substituted tetrahydrofuran antifungals |
TW218017B (zh) * | 1992-04-28 | 1993-12-21 | Takeda Pharm Industry Co Ltd | |
US5661151A (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 1997-08-26 | Schering Corporation | Tetrahydrofuran antifungals |
US5703236A (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 1997-12-30 | Schering Corporation | Tetrahydrofuran antifungals |
US5486625A (en) * | 1994-07-08 | 1996-01-23 | Schering Corporation | Process for the preparation of chiral intermediates useful for the synthesis of antifungal agents |
TW318841B (zh) * | 1995-02-17 | 1997-11-01 | Takeda Pharm Industry Co Ltd |
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BR0215702A (pt) | 2005-10-18 |
WO2003087106A1 (en) | 2003-10-23 |
US20050261330A1 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
AU2002253440A1 (en) | 2003-10-27 |
EP1497298A1 (en) | 2005-01-19 |
EA200401336A1 (ru) | 2006-02-24 |
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