The feed and preparation method thereof and application that contain shitosan additive and binding agent
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of feed and preparation method thereof and application, particularly relate to a kind of feed that contains shitosan additive and binding agent and preparation method thereof and application.
Background technology
Herding, aquatic products industry are the mainstay industries of China's agricultural always.Along with the guiding of market economy and popularizing and using of breed science and technology, China livestock and poultry, aquatic products enrich, the situation that supply exceed demand appears frequently, herding, aquatic products market turn to the buyer's market by the seller's market, turn to the consumption general layout of mass type by scalar type, wherein the security of livestock and poultry, aquatic products has become the focus that people pay close attention to.Harmful substance is residual in herding, the aquatic products is on the rise, and human health has been constituted become the side of body.Moreover, occurring after the China joined WTO that herding, aquatic products tariff descend and situation that the trade technology barriers are strengthened, the production cost of China's herding, aquatic products and price advantage are difficult to keep out the negative effect of its health inferior position.The enrichment of harmful heavy metal in livestock and poultry, aquatic products is a great problem that influences the livestock products security at present.China's industrial boom, and " three wastes " handle as yet not really solution, severe contamination agricultural environment; Contain the agricultural chemicals of heavy metal, a large amount of uses of chemical fertilizer; The unreasonable exploitation mineral resources in some areas, these all cause the heavy metal pollution of soil, waters and feedstuff.Animal can concentrate thousands of tens thousand of times with the heavy metal in feed and the drinking-water, thereby make heavy metal become more and more serious problem to the pollution of livestock and poultry, aquatic products by biological accumulation and biological concentration process.
The producer that produces feed addictive at present both at home and abroad is more, but owing to adopt artificial synthetic chemical industry crystalline substance mostly, the product toxic and side effect is big, and is residual many in the body, and environment and people are had certain pollution, and this utmost point is not suitable for the trend of current animal-breeding greenization.Therefore it is very necessary to develop the pure natural fodder additive with certain effect.
Shitosan (chemistry by name (1,4)-and 2-amino-2-deoxidation β-d glucan) contain active hydroxyl and amino isopolarity group in the molecule, shitosan is the cation edibility fiber of the unique existence of occurring in nature, it have promote cell division with growth, strengthen beneficial bacterium in the intestines, suppress harmful bacterium, reinforced immunological function, reinforcement liver function, physiological effect such as anti-infective.Experiment confirm adds a small amount of shitosan in feed, can improve the result of use of feed.And, be made into the aqueous solution with shitosan and can be used as feed adhesive and improve the stabilization time of feed in water.
The present invention adapts to the product of this background just.In order to solve the problem that present feedstuff industry exists, improve the competitiveness of homemade feed, the inventor is based on abundant practical experience and professional knowledge, actively studied innovation, through constantly research, test, and after studying sample and improvement repeatedly, create the present invention who has practical value finally.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention is, overcome the defective that exists in the existing feedstuff industry, and a kind of novel feed that contains shitosan additive and binding agent and preparation method thereof and application, technical problem underlying to be solved are provided is to make it have good adhesive property and excellent green health effect.
Another object of the present invention is to, a kind of feed that contains shitosan additive and binding agent is provided, technical problem to be solved is to improve the ability of the environment purification of feed, strengthens the immunocompetence and the antibacterial ability of being raised object.
A further object of the present invention is, a kind of feed that contains shitosan additive and binding agent and preparation method thereof and application are provided, technical problem to be solved is that feedstuff industry is reduced production costs, and is that homemade feed has more practicality and competitiveness, and has the value on the industry.
Purpose of the present invention and to solve its technical problem underlying be to adopt following technical scheme to realize.A kind of feed that contains shitosan additive and binding agent according to the present invention's proposition, comprise premix and batching, wherein the quality proportioning of premix and batching is 2: 8-1: 9.5, contain the shitosan additive and the shitosan binding agent that obtain by following method in the premix;
At first shitosan dissolved, after the removal of impurities, precipitation, filtration, drying, carry out solid phase reaction with glutamic acid, the product that obtains is pulverized and is promptly obtained this feed adhesive.
The shitosan additive can make by following method: at first shitosan and the aldehyde that contains carboxyl, hydroxyl hydrophilic group are carried out the derivative that substitution reaction obtains soluble chitosan, after this derivative further carries out the solid phase reduction reaction with reducing agent, with the derivative as shown in the formula (I) that obtains, the further oxydrolysis of this derivative promptly obtains this shitosan additive.
Wherein R is the aldehyde that contains carboxyl, hydroxyl hydrophilic group, and n is between 500~5000.
The mass percent 1%~5% of shitosan binding agent in premix wherein, the mass percent of shitosan additive in premix is 0.05 ‰~0.3 ‰;
Wherein batching is conventional batching.
The object of the invention to solve the technical problems can also be further achieved by the following technical measures.
The aforesaid feed that contains shitosan additive and binding agent, wherein said shitosan are deacetylation 70%~90%, viscosity is not less than 300 centistokes(cst)s, molecular weight 500,000~600, the shitosan between 000.
The aforesaid feed that contains shitosan additive and binding agent, wherein said R are the carboxyl of carbon number between 1~10, the aldehyde of hydroxyl hydrophilic group.
The aforesaid feed that contains shitosan additive and binding agent, wherein said R are glutaraldehyde, furfural or to the carboxyl benzaldehyde.
Purpose of the present invention and solve its technical problem underlying and also realize by the following technical solutions.The preparation method of the feed that contains shitosan additive and binding agent that proposes according to the present invention comprises the following step:
(1) preparation of shitosan additive; At first shitosan carries out condensation reaction generation enamine with the aldehyde that contains carboxyl, hydroxyl hydrophilic group, this enamine further with inorganic reducing agent generation solid phase reaction after, product washing back is precipitated with ethanol, sediment is being carried out the centrifuge dripping vacuum drying with conventional method, and further being hydrolyzed by the oxydrolysis agent then promptly obtains this shitosan additive;
(2) preparation of shitosan binding agent; It comprises the following step:
The preparation of chitin; The biology that is about to contain chitin is to remove protein under 8~13 the condition at pH value; With the product that obtains in the above-mentioned steps be 1.5~5.0 at pH value, temperature is to carry out decalcification under 60 ℃~90 ℃ the condition; The product that obtains in the above-mentioned steps is carried out obtaining chitin after routine washing, the drying;
The preparation of shitosan; With the chitin that obtains be 10~14 at pH value, temperature is to remove acetyl group under 90 ℃~150 ℃ the condition; The product that obtains in the above-mentioned steps is carried out obtaining shitosan after conventional washing, oven dry and the drying;
The preparation of shitosan binding agent; With obtain, deacetylation 70%~90%, viscosity is not less than 300 centistokes(cst)s, molecular weight 50,000~60, the shitosan between 000 is that 60 ℃~90 ℃, pH value are to dissolve the back filtering and impurity removing under 3.5~6.0 the acid condition in temperature; The product that obtains in the above-mentioned steps precipitates in the solution between 7.5~10 in the pH value scope, centrifugal filtration is obtained sediment carry out vacuum drying under 50~100 ℃; Sediment that obtains in the above-mentioned steps and mass ratio are that 100: 0.5~100: 5 glutamic acid carries out solid phase reaction, and will obtaining product, to be ground into granularity be 160 orders~280 purpose binding agents;
(3) preparation of premix; In auxiliary material commonly used, add 1%~5% shitosan binding agent, add in premix with the level pressure spray-on process then that to account for the premix mass percent be 0.05 ‰~0.3 ‰ shitosan binding agent;
(4) contain the preparation of the feed of shitosan additive and binding agent; Premix is 2 with batching according to the quality proportioning: 8-1: 9.5 carry out mixing granulation, promptly obtain containing the feed of shitosan additive and binding agent.
The present invention proposes a kind of feed applications of shitosan additive and binding agent that contains in freshwater aquiculture, bird breed and animal-breeding.
By technique scheme, the present invention has the following advantage:
(1) feed that contains shitosan additive and binding agent of the present invention's proposition has good detoxifying properties, can improve the immunity of raising object.This be because the present invention can jihuokeli leukocytic generation, particularly blood in the neutral leukocyte with leaflet nuclear of phagocyte-band form nucleus increase, and graininess white blood cell, as basocyte, eosin look sexual cell and cellular cell are had a liking in vacation.And the present invention can also improve the vitality of the splenocyte of red blood cell blood forming organ, and makes its independent cell adhesion and cytophagous process obtain activating, and makes the activity of serum lysozyme higher.
(2) feed that contains shitosan additive and binding agent of the present invention's proposition can improve water quality, optimizes living environment, is beneficial to fish body healthy growth.
(3) feed that contains shitosan additive and binding agent of the present invention's proposition can improve the meat of domesticated animal, bird and aquatic products, makes it delicious and delicate more.
(4) the shitosan binding agent that the feed that contains shitosan additive and binding agent that the present invention proposes uses and the consumption of shitosan additive are few, save the preparation cost of feed, meet principle of economic benefit.
(5) feed that contains shitosan additive and binding agent of the present invention's proposition can extensively apply to freshwater aquiculture, bird is cultured and animal-breeding.
In sum, feed that contains shitosan additive and binding agent of special construction of the present invention and preparation method thereof and application, have above-mentioned many advantages and practical value, and in like product, do not see have similar structural design to publish or use and really genus innovation, no matter it technically or bigger improvement all arranged on the function, have large improvement technically, and produced handy and practical effect, and more existing feed and preparation method thereof has the multinomial effect of enhancement, thereby be suitable for practicality more, and have the extensive value of industry, really be a novelty, progressive, practical new design.
Above-mentioned explanation only is the general introduction of technical solution of the present invention, for can clearer understanding technological means of the present invention, and can be implemented according to the content of specification, below with preferred embodiment of the present invention and conjunction with figs. describe in detail as after.
The specific embodiment of the present invention is provided in detail by following examples and accompanying drawing thereof.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the technological process that contains shitosan additive and binding agent premix preparation described in the present invention.
Fig. 2 prepares technological process of the present invention for premix and the batch mixes that the present invention contains shitosan additive and binding agent feed.
Fig. 3 is preparation technology's flow process of shitosan additive of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is preparation technology's flow process of shitosan binding agent of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and preferred embodiment, feed that contains shitosan additive and binding agent that foundation the present invention is proposed and preparation method thereof with use its specific embodiment, structure, feature and effect thereof, describe in detail as after.
See also shown in Figure 1, after feed auxiliary material commonly used carried out drying processing, with percentage by weight is to stir after 2.5% shitosan binding agent mixes, and is that the shitosan additive of 50g/L adds to the method for level pressure spraying and promptly obtains premix of the present invention in the above-mentioned product again with concentration.
See also shown in Figure 2ly,, mix with premix then, just obtain the feed that the present invention contains shitosan additive and binding agent carrying out granulation by comminutor with obtaining the batching of powdery after the pellet pulverizing commonly used, that clear up.
Seeing also shown in Figure 3ly, is the preparation method's of a kind of shitosan additive of the present invention technological process.By flow chart as can be known, at first shitosan carries out condensation reaction generation enamine with the aldehyde that contains carboxyl, hydroxyl hydrophilic group, this enamine further with inorganic reducing agent generation solid phase reaction after, product washing back is precipitated with ethanol, sediment is being carried out the centrifuge dripping vacuum drying with conventional method, and further being hydrolyzed by the oxydrolysis agent then promptly obtains this shitosan additive.
See also shown in Figure 4ly, the preparation method of the shitosan binding agent of preferred embodiment of the present invention mainly may further comprise the steps:
(1) with deacetylation 70%~90%, viscosity is not less than 300 centistokes(cst)s, molecular weight 500,000~600, the shitosan between 000 is that 60 ℃~90 ℃, pH value are to dissolve the back filtering and impurity removing under 3.5~6.0 the acid condition in temperature;
(2) product that obtains in the above-mentioned steps precipitates in the solution between 7.5~10 in the pH value scope, centrifugal filtration is obtained sediment carry out vacuum drying under 50~100 ℃;
(3) sediment that obtains in the above-mentioned steps and mass ratio are that 100: 0.5~100: 5 glutamic acid carries out solid phase reaction, and will obtaining product, to be ground into granularity be 160 orders~280 purpose binding agents.
The preparation method and the application of the shitosan binding agent that in conjunction with the embodiments the present invention is proposed now is elaborated.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment explanation is added the present invention and is contained the feed of shitosan additive and binding agent to the immunocompetence of fryer and the influence of detoxification ability.
Select 360 of 1 age in days AA broilers for use, be divided into 12 groups at random, 30 every group, impose three kinds of different daily rations at random and handle, every kind of daily ration Processing Test chicken is 4 groups, and research contains the influence of the feed of shitosan additive and binding agent to meat chick physiological and biochemical index and immunity function.Test three kinds of daily rations and handle the feed (test group) that is respectively basal diet (contrasting a group), basal diet+0.011% aureomycin (contrasting two groups) and contains shitosan additive and binding agent.Result of the test is: the feed that contains shitosan additive and binding agent is that blood albumin, globulin content and clear/globulin ratio do not have obvious influence for the humoral immunity index; 120mg/kg antibiotic group is handled clear/globulin in the blood than the trend that influences that reduction is arranged.The feed that contains shitosan additive and binding agent is to cellular immunity index in the meat chick blood, i.e. total white blood cells and the TLC effect of being significantly improved; The feed that contains shitosan additive and binding agent has the effect that improves meat chick immunity function and suppresses colibacillary effect in the enteron aisle.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment explanation is added the present invention and is contained the influence of the feed of shitosan additive and binding agent to the fryer meat.
Select 360 of 1 age in days M broilers for use, be divided into 12 groups at random, 30 every group, impose three kinds of different daily rations at random and handle, every kind of daily ration Processing Test chicken is 4 groups, has studied the influence to meat chick meat of the feed that contains shitosan additive and binding agent.Testing three kinds of daily rations and handle the feed (test group) that is respectively basic grain ration (contrasting a group), basal diet+0.012% aureomycin (contrasting two groups) and contains shitosan additive and binding agent. the result shows: the feed group that contains shitosan additive and binding agent is than blank group and 120mg/kg aureomycin group abdomen fat rate low 0.21% and 0.34%, reduce abdomen fat 11% than the blank group respectively, reduce abdomen fat 16% than the aureomycin group.The feed that contains shitosan additive and binding agent improves the meat chick and raises group meat chick and butcher back muscle, reduce by 0.19 and 0.28 than blank group and syntomycin group meat chick muscle percentage of water loss respectively, be that drip loss reduces 12% and 18% respectively, this shows that the feed that contains shitosan additive and binding agent can increase the freshness of meat chick chicken.
The feed group meat chick that contains shitosan additive and binding agent is butchered back muscle shearing force and is reduced by 0.57 and 0.93 respectively, and this shows that the feed that contains shitosan additive and binding agent can improve the tender degree of meat chick muscle.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment explanation is added the present invention and is contained the influence of the feed of shitosan additive and binding agent to meat chicken production performance.
Select 360 of 1 age in days AA broilers for use, be divided into 12 groups at random, 30 every group, impose three kinds of different daily rations at random and handle, every kind of daily ration Processing Test chicken is 4 groups, research contains the influence of the feed of shitosan additive and binding agent to meat chick production performance.Test three kinds of daily rations and handle the feed (test group) that is respectively basal diet (contrasting a group), basal diet+0.012% aureomycin (contrasting two groups) and contains shitosan additive and binding agent.Result of the test is: the feed Processing Test chicken that contains shitosan additive and binding agent during 21 ages in days is respectively than aureomycin group and many 6.0 grams of basal diet group body weight/only and 13.3 grams/only, improve 1.0% and 2.1% respectively, feed consumption heavily reduces 0.02 and 0.04, reduces by 1.3% and 2.6%.42 age in days body weight are also to contain the feed group height of shitosan additive and binding agent, and comparison is according to one group high 0.02kg/ plumage, than the high 0.07kg/ plumage of aureomycin group respectively.The feed processing that contains shitosan additive and binding agent has no significant effect 22-42 age in days meat chick daily gain, but the feed processed group meat chick feed consumption weightening finish that contains shitosan additive and binding agent is than minimum, be 1.96 soil 0.09, lower by 0.20 than blank group respectively, than aureomycin control group low 0.24.Result of the test shows: under this experimental condition, 120mg/kg aureomycin is handled meat chick production performance is had no significant effect, and the feed processed group that contains shitosan additive and binding agent to 0-42 age in days meat chick feed intake and feed consumption weightening finish than appreciable impact is arranged.
The above, it only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not that the present invention is done any pro forma restriction, though the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment, yet be not in order to limit the present invention, any those skilled in the art, in not breaking away from the technical solution of the present invention scope, when the technology contents that can utilize above-mentioned announcement is made a little change or is modified to the equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations, but every content that does not break away from technical solution of the present invention, according to technical spirit of the present invention to any simple modification that above embodiment did, equivalent variations and modification all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.