CN1621197A - Machine parts surface nanocrystallization method by rolling - Google Patents
Machine parts surface nanocrystallization method by rolling Download PDFInfo
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- CN1621197A CN1621197A CN 200410089273 CN200410089273A CN1621197A CN 1621197 A CN1621197 A CN 1621197A CN 200410089273 CN200410089273 CN 200410089273 CN 200410089273 A CN200410089273 A CN 200410089273A CN 1621197 A CN1621197 A CN 1621197A
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Abstract
The machine part surface rolling process to form nanometer structure is used in nanometer material technology. In rolling machine, the frame and the rolling head are used to apply rolling force P onto the surface of workpiece, and the frame and the rolling head are made to move in orthogonal directions X and Y perpendicular to P. The velocity in X direction is V1, that in Y direction is V2, and the ratio V1/V2 and the rolling directions are altered in repeated rolling to realize plastic rolling deformation and form nanometer structure on the surface of the part. The present invention obtains equiaxial nanometer crystal structure and excellent performance on the surface of the part, and results in prolonged service life. The present invention is suitable for large scale production, easy to control, and especially suitable for treating various kinds of shaft, plate and other parts to raise the fatigue strength and increase the life.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the surface rolling method for making Nano of a kind of method for making Nano of machine components, particularly a kind of machine components, be used for the metal nano material technical field.
Background technology
The grain size of metal material surface refine to nano-scale (less than 100nm), can make the surface of this material have unique mechanical and physical and chemical performance.Particularly improve fatigue properties, wearability and the corrosion resistance of material and parts, prevent that the material and parts surface from producing fine cracks, thereby improve service life.Developed multiple preparation of nanomaterials at present, wherein to prepare the compactness extent height, the large volume nano material in pore-free crack is mainly used the intense plastic strain method, revolves squeezing HPT (High Pressure Torsion) and equal channel angle extrusion ECAP (Equal Channel AngularPressing) etc. as ultrasonic shot peening, high energy shot-peening, big stress.Along with the intense plastic strain on the different directions, dislocation constantly forms and moves, and produces the dislocation born of the same parents, forms sub boundary.The subgrain phase angle increases axle shape nanometer crystal microstructures such as forming big angle crystal boundary acquisition gradually.But these methods are only limited to laboratory level, are difficult to drop into industrial applications.
Through literature search to prior art, Chinese invention patent " the hard rolling method of part ", publication number CN1119841A, open day is on April 3rd, 1996.This patent relate to a kind of one approximately perpendicular to the groove that loads axis in, loaded the method that the part of axis direction load carries out hard rolling, the residual compressive stress at roll extrusion position on the part is had along the axial component and the tangential component that load axis, the feature that axial component is significantly big than tangential component, the breaker slot of the blade root portion of especially suitable hard rolling turbine blade.A piece surface part produces strain in the hard rolling, and a part produces plastic deformation, and this has improved the hardness that is subjected to rapidoprint surface and more shallow top layer on the one hand, produces residual compressive stress simultaneously under the surface.But, its plastic deformation direction is fixed, and crystal grain can not produce the nanometer effect only to a direction elongation strain.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome deficiency of the prior art, a kind of surface rolling method for making Nano of machine components is proposed, make it solve the shortcoming that exists in the background technology, can produce the plastic deformation of strong change direction at machinery part surface through the roll extrusion of several roads, obtain to wait axle shape nanometer crystal microstructure, make piece surface obtain excellent properties, improve service life, this method for making Nano is easy to realize suitability for industrialized production simultaneously.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions, the present invention on roller press, by milled head and support along the surface of the work normal direction P that exerts pressure, support along two mutually orthogonal axis X and Y with V
1And V
2Speed motion, X is all vertical with the direction of P with Y, is V as support along the movement velocity of X-axis
1, be V along Y-axis reciprocally swinging speed
2, the angle α between corresponding distortion in rolling direction that it causes and the directions X is:
Change V respectively
1And V
2The ratio of speed carries out repeatedly rolling and processing repeatedly, repeatedly changes the direction angle alpha of roll extrusion plastic deformation, produces the plastic deformation that repeatedly changes direction at piece surface, realizes the nanometer refinement of surface of the work crystal grain.
To the flat work pieces surface, exert pressure at milled head and support upper edge surface of the work normal direction, move back and forth with different speed along mutually orthogonal axis, carry out the roll extrusion plastic deformation, by with two or more movement velocity ratio, repeatedly change roll extrusion plastic deformation direction, realize making Nano surface.
To the shaft-like workpiece surface, exert pressure at the milled head and the support upper edge center of curvature, the tangential movement velocity on the outer surface, garden of workpiece was V when axle rotated
1, support or milled head are vertically with V
2The speed swing changes V
1, V
2Ratio carries out twice or repeatedly changes roll extrusion plastic deformation direction, realizes making Nano surface.
Fillet to the change axle journal place of workpiece such as bent axle, multidiameter, gear shaft, camshaft carries out roll extrusion, adopt bulb shape milled head, its radius is less than the axle journal radius of corner, the direction of milled head pressure P is normal and the axle journal center of curvature is identical, axle rotates under lathe drives, and the tangential velocity at axle journal fillet place is V
1, milled head is with V
2Speed is swung along vertical raceway direction, changes V
1, V
2Ratio is selected the ratio of two or more rotating speed and swing speed for use, carries out twice or repeatedly change the plastic deformation direction angle alpha at fillet place, realizes the making Nano surface at reducing fillet place.
To the roll extrusion at rod journal fillet place, bent axle is that rotate at the center with the rod journal, and tangential velocity is V at axle journal fillet place
1, the roll extrusion bar along perpendicular to the raceway direction with V
2Speed is swung, and selects different rotating speeds and swing speed ratio, carry out twice or repeatedly roll extrusion change roll extrusion plastic deformation direction, realize making Nano surface.
For ease of changing milled head, milled head and support are detachables.The roll extrusion bar and the head of exerting pressure can be one, also can assemble.Exert pressure an available carbide alloy, pottery or through superhard coating and ion-implanted surface-modified tool steel.
The inventive method can produce the plastic deformation of strong change direction at machinery part surface through the multiple tracks roll extrusion, obtain to wait axle shape nanometer crystal microstructure, make piece surface obtain excellent properties, improve service life, be easy to carry out large-scale production, and control is very convenient, is specially adapted to roll extrusion nanometers such as various axial workpieces, plate part, significantly improves its fatigue strength and life-span.
The specific embodiment
Provide four specific embodiments in conjunction with method of the present invention:
Embodiment 1. tabular flexible members, the 65Mn steel, appearance and size 230 * 30 * 12 (height) mm heat-treats (820 ℃ of oil quenchings, 540 ℃ of tempering then) and reaches 44HRC, milled head is subjected to normal pressure 10N, along the directions X of 230mm with V
1=0.5mm/s motion, simultaneously support along perpendicular to the Y-axis of X-axis to V
2Be respectively 0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4; 0.5; 0.6; 0.7; 0.8; 1.0 moving back and forth, speed (mm/s) repeatedly carries out roll extrusion.Produce the plasticity distortion in rolling that changes direction, reach the nanometer refinement on plane.The surface microstructure of workpiece is less than 100nm, and thickness is 10 μ m, reaches pre-provisioning request.
Embodiment 2. turbine wheel shafts, material are 40CrNiMoA, and outside dimension is φ 120mm, and internal diameter is φ 65mm, and length is 650mm.This Technology for Heating Processing is as follows: oil quenching behind 850 ℃ of austenitizings, water-cooled after 650 ℃ of tempering, hardness 293 ~ 341HBS.This bearing is subjected to torsional moment, axial load and bending moment, requires to have higher yield strength and fatigue strength, and the axle outer surface requires to carry out nanometer.This axle rotates with 1 rev/min of speed, and the roll extrusion bar is not swung, and carries out roll extrusion under the radial pressure 20N.After all roll extrusion finished, axle rotated with 2 rev/mins of speed respectively, and the roll extrusion bar is to carry out roll extrusion under swing of 0.4mm/s speed and the radial pressure 20N.After whole roll extrusion finished, axle rotated with 4 rev/mins of speed, and the roll extrusion bar produces nyctitropic plasticity distortion in rolling and realizes making Nano surface with the capable again roll extrusion of 0.4mm/s speed swing, and axle outer surface crystal grain is less than 100nm, and thickness 20 μ m meet specification requirement.
Embodiment 3. forged steel crankshafts, material 45, normalized treatment gets 210HBS, and the rod journal cylindrical carries out inducing quenching and tempering hardness and reaches 55 ~ 58HRC, requires the fillet place to carry out nanometer and handles.Bent axle is that rotate with 3 rev/mins of speed at the center with the rod journal, and milled head is not swung, and carries out roll extrusion under the radial pressure 15N.After all roll extrusion finished, axle rotated with 3 rev/mins of speed, and milled head is respectively 0.3; 0.4; 0.5; 0.6 roll extrusion is repeatedly carried out in (mm/s) speed swing under the radial pressure 20N, the grain refinement of crankshaft fillet place is extremely less than 100nm, and thickness 25 μ m reach specification requirement, improve 2 times fatigue life.
Embodiment 4. camshafts, material QT600-3, hardness is 26 ~ 30HRC, adopts laser melting to handle cam surface then and strengthens.Require cam to become diameter of axle place and carry out nano reinforcement.Camshaft rotates with 4 rev/mins of speed, and milled head is not swung, and applies 15N pressure along the radius of curvature center position.After all roll extrusion finished, axle rotated with 1.5 rev/mins of speed, and milled head is with the swing of 0.2mm/s speed, went roll extrusion again, and cam reducing fillet is realized nanometer, and surface microstructure is less than 100 μ m, the degree of depth 15 μ m, and significantly increase fatigue life in the use.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of surface rolling method for making Nano of machine components is characterized in that, on roller press, by milled head and support along the surface of the work normal direction P that exerts pressure, support along two mutually orthogonal axis X and Y with V
1And V
2Speed motion, X is all vertical with the direction of P with Y, is V as support along the movement velocity of X-axis
1, be V along Y-axis reciprocally swinging speed
2, the angle α between corresponding distortion in rolling direction that it causes and the directions X is:
Change V respectively
1And V
2The ratio of speed carries out repeatedly rolling and processing repeatedly, repeatedly changes the direction angle alpha of roll extrusion plastic deformation, produces the plastic deformation that repeatedly changes direction at piece surface, realizes the nanometer refinement of surface of the work crystal grain.
2, the surface rolling method for making Nano of machine components according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, to the flat work pieces surface, exert pressure at milled head and support upper edge surface of the work normal direction, move back and forth with different speed along mutually orthogonal axis, carry out the roll extrusion plastic deformation, by with two or more movement velocity ratio, repeatedly change roll extrusion plastic deformation direction, realize making Nano surface.
3, the surface rolling method for making Nano of machine components according to claim 1 is characterized in that, to the shaft-like workpiece surface, exerts pressure at the milled head and the support upper edge center of curvature, and the tangential movement velocity on the outer surface, garden of workpiece was V when axle rotated
1, support or milled head are vertically with V
2The speed swing changes V
1, V
2Ratio carries out twice or repeatedly changes roll extrusion plastic deformation direction, realizes making Nano surface.
4, the surface rolling method for making Nano of machine components according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, fillet to the change axle journal place of workpiece such as bent axle, multidiameter, gear shaft, camshaft carries out roll extrusion, adopt bulb shape milled head, its radius is less than the axle journal radius of corner, the direction of milled head pressure P is normal and the axle journal center of curvature is identical, and axle rotates under lathe drives, and the tangential velocity at axle journal fillet place is V
1, milled head is with V
2Speed is swung along vertical raceway direction, changes V
1, V
2Ratio is selected the ratio of two or more rotating speed and swing speed for use, carries out twice or repeatedly change the plastic deformation direction angle alpha at fillet place, realizes the making Nano surface at reducing fillet place.
According to the surface rolling method for making Nano of claim 1 or 4 described machine components, it is characterized in that 5, to the roll extrusion at rod journal fillet place, bent axle is that rotate at the center with the rod journal, tangential velocity is V at axle journal fillet place
1, the roll extrusion bar along perpendicular to the raceway direction with V
2Speed is swung, and selects different rotating speeds and swing speed ratio, carry out twice or repeatedly roll extrusion change roll extrusion plastic deformation direction, realize making Nano surface.
6, according to the surface rolling method for making Nano of claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 described machine components, it is characterized in that, milled head and support are detachables, the roll extrusion bar and the head of exerting pressure be one or assemble, the head of exerting pressure adopts a carbide alloy, pottery or process superhard coating and ion-implanted surface-modified tool steel.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410089273 CN1621197A (en) | 2004-12-09 | 2004-12-09 | Machine parts surface nanocrystallization method by rolling |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410089273 CN1621197A (en) | 2004-12-09 | 2004-12-09 | Machine parts surface nanocrystallization method by rolling |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100398673C (en) * | 2005-11-30 | 2008-07-02 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Metal sheet surface nano crystallization method using pressure sliding-rolling |
| CN102051461A (en) * | 2011-01-25 | 2011-05-11 | 大冶市亚光高强螺栓有限公司 | Surface strengthening method for magnetic yoke pull rod |
| CN102321791A (en) * | 2011-09-19 | 2012-01-18 | 西北有色金属研究院 | A kind of method of utilizing sliding friction to realize making Nano surface of metal material |
| CN102357785A (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2012-02-22 | 湖北汽车工业学院 | Fillet rolling technology for automobile air compressor crankshaft |
| CN105441651A (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2016-03-30 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for improving rotating bending fatigue performance of locomotive axle steel |
| CN111850245A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-10-30 | 北京科技大学 | Method for improving toughness of cutting edge of wire pliers |
-
2004
- 2004-12-09 CN CN 200410089273 patent/CN1621197A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100398673C (en) * | 2005-11-30 | 2008-07-02 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Metal sheet surface nano crystallization method using pressure sliding-rolling |
| CN102051461A (en) * | 2011-01-25 | 2011-05-11 | 大冶市亚光高强螺栓有限公司 | Surface strengthening method for magnetic yoke pull rod |
| CN102051461B (en) * | 2011-01-25 | 2013-03-06 | 大冶市亚光高强螺栓有限公司 | Surface strengthening method for magnetic yoke pull rod |
| CN102321791A (en) * | 2011-09-19 | 2012-01-18 | 西北有色金属研究院 | A kind of method of utilizing sliding friction to realize making Nano surface of metal material |
| CN102357785A (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2012-02-22 | 湖北汽车工业学院 | Fillet rolling technology for automobile air compressor crankshaft |
| CN105441651A (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2016-03-30 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for improving rotating bending fatigue performance of locomotive axle steel |
| CN111850245A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-10-30 | 北京科技大学 | Method for improving toughness of cutting edge of wire pliers |
| CN111850245B (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2021-09-21 | 北京科技大学 | Method for improving toughness of cutting edge of wire pliers |
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