CN1617940A - Sinterable metal powder mixture for the production of sintered components - Google Patents
Sinterable metal powder mixture for the production of sintered components Download PDFInfo
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- CN1617940A CN1617940A CNA028277031A CN02827703A CN1617940A CN 1617940 A CN1617940 A CN 1617940A CN A028277031 A CNA028277031 A CN A028277031A CN 02827703 A CN02827703 A CN 02827703A CN 1617940 A CN1617940 A CN 1617940A
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- alloy
- pressed compact
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 208000034189 Sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Chemical group [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 polyoxyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000856 hastalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000792 Monel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282485 Vulpes vulpes Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- RKISUIUJZGSLEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(octadecanoylamino)ethyl]octadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCNC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC RKISUIUJZGSLEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0408—Light metal alloys
- C22C1/0416—Aluminium-based alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/09—Mixtures of metallic powders
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
- B22F2003/026—Mold wall lubrication or article surface lubrication
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The aim of the invention is to supply a sinterable powder mixture for producing sintered components, particularly in the automobile industry, by means of which components have both adequate mechanical strength properties and especially a high degree of hardness. Said aim is achieved by a powder mixture, 60 to 98.5 percent by weight of the total quantity of which consist of a basic Al powder made of metals and/or alloys thereof, comprising Al, 0.2 to 30 percent by weight of Mg, 0.2 to 40 percent by weight of Si, 0.2 to 15 percent by weight of Cu, 0.2 to 15 percent by weight of Zn, 0.2 to 15 percent by weight of Ti, 0.2 to 10 percent by weight of Sn, 0.2 to 5 percent by weight of Mn, 0.2 to 10 percent by weight of Ni, and/or less than 1 percent by weight of As, Sb, Co, Be, Pb, and/or B, the percentage by weight being in relation to the total quantity of the basic Al powder, and 0.8 to 40 percent by weight of a metal powder selected among a first group of metals and/or alloys thereof, consisting of Mo, W, Cr, V, Zr, and/or Y, the percentage being in relation to the total quantity of the powder mixture.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of sintered component that is used to prepare, especially for the sinterable powder mixture based on the Al powder of the sintered component of vehicle structure, by the sintered component of this mixture preparation, and the method for preparing this base part.
Based on the property of aluminium, it is a kind of special preferred material in aerospace industry and automotive industry.With common for example being compared by the parts of cast iron preparation, it is very light to prepare parts by aluminium or alumina-bearing material.Because weight saving has for example just improved efficient in automobile, and reduce fuel consumption and improved the exhaust gas emission value.
Along with wishing that vehicle weight alleviates, just all the more to use aluminium at automotive field.Therefore for example in engine structure and drives structure, steel so far or foundry goods prepare being substituted or use aluminium by part ground by aluminium part.Because when making steel or foundry goods and aluminium part combined,, replace by the parts of using the aluminium manufacturing so wish " routine " parts of making by steel or foundry goods as much as possible because the different physical property of its material can go wrong.This has just been avoided the material therefor caused problems in aspect such as thermal expansivity, thermal conductivity, elasticity that do not coexist.Particularly also can reach higher efficient by using the mutual adaptive parts that are equipped with aluminum.
Because particularly a lot of engine parts, clutch components and drive unit are made by powder metallurgy, importantly to prepare powdered mixture and provide this mixture of a kind of usefulness to prepare the method for aluminium parts by powder metallurgy.Particularly aluminium and its alloy are easy to be covered with the metal oxide of stabilizer pole thereon when contacting with air to adopt the shortcoming of powder metallurgy preparation of parts of aluminium.Particularly increased specific surface thus.Because the oxide skin that exists on employed alumina-bearing material, this has just stoped particle necessary diffusion when sintering of the powdered material that is adopted.In addition, compare with the parts of being made by steel or foundry goods, the parts of being made by alumina-bearing material have the intensity level of reduction, particularly low hardness.In addition, containing the oxide skin mutual cold weld of meeting prevention particulate in common pressing process that exists on the aluminium starting material.
Therefore need sintered powdered mixture, it can carry out well processed through powder metallurgy, and can prepare the parts with good strength value and high rigidity through powder metallurgy thus.In addition, also need a kind of powder metallurgy process that is used to process the aluminiferous sinterable powder mixture of this class.
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of powdered mixture and by its parts made and corresponding method, they do not have above-mentioned shortcoming.
The objective of the invention is to be used to prepare sintered component by a kind of, be suitable for particularly that the sinterable powder mixture of the parts of vehicle structure reaches, this powdered mixture contains the 60-98.5 weight % by the powdered mixture total amount, the Al based powders that constitutes by metal and/or its alloy of preferred 75-92 weight %, this Al based powders contains Al and is respectively 0.2-30 weight %Mg by Al based powders total amount, 0.2-40 weight %Si, 0.2-15 weight %Cu, 0.2-15 weight %Zn, 0.2-15 weight %Ti, 0.2-10 weight %Sn, 0.2-5 weight %Mn, 0.2-10 weight %Ni and/or less than the As of 1 weight %, Sb, Co, Be, Pb and/or B, this powdered mixture also contains the 0.8-40 weight % by the powdered mixture total amount, and preferred 8-15 weight % is selected from by Mo, W, Cr, V, the first group of metal that Zr and/or Y form and/or the metal-powder of its alloy.
By adding first group of metal and/or its alloy of being made up of Mo, W, Cr, V, Zr and/or Y, available this powdered mixture has the very parts of high rigidity through the powder metallurgy preparation.Compare raising 5-35% with the parts of the powdered preparation that does not add this first group of metal and/or its alloy with the hardness value of the parts that are added with the powdered preparation that is selected from first group of metal and/or its alloy, preferred 10-25%.Improved especially by pressing process by in the Al based powders, adding first group of metal and/or its alloy, particularly the mutual cold weld of the closely knit caused particle in back.Finally also improved each particulate diffusion in each sintering process thus, so just made parts with higher-strength value and higher hardness.
In addition, also to contain second group of metal and/or its alloy be made up of Cu, Sn, Zn, Li and/or Mg be favourable to this sintered powdered mixture.The adding of described second group of metal and/or its alloy may cause with the Al based powders to form alloy and/or intermetallic phase during the back is closely knit during pressing process especially.Stop formation thus in the used lip-deep oxide skin of Al based powders.In addition, in the sintering process of reality, it is liquid that this second group of metal and/or its alloy are transformed into to small part down to small part in sintering temperature, has particularly improved first group of metal and/or the bonding of its alloy on aluminium base powder thus.
The ratio of the amount of the amount of first group of metal and/or its alloy and second group of metal and/or its alloy is preferably 1 in powdered mixture: 8-15: 1 weight part.Preferred this ratio is 2: 1-6: 1 weight part.Under this blending ratio, reach first group of metal and/or the maximum bonded of alloy on the Al based powders.Can obtain having the parts of high rigidity thus with this powdered mixture.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, this Al based powders also contains respectively and counts 0.2-15 weight %Mg, 0.2-16 weight %Si, 0.2-10 weight %Cu and/or 0.2-15 weight %Zn by Al based powders total amount except that containing Al.In addition, this second group of metal and/or its alloy preferably have Cu, Zn and/or Sn.
This sintered powdered mixture preferably comprises the lubricant by the 0.2-5 weight % of powdered mixture gross weight.As lubricant can be self-lubricating agent such as MoS on the one hand
2, WS
2, BN, MnS and graphite, and/or can be that carbon is material modified as coke, polarization graphite etc. on the other hand.The lubricant that preferably in sintered powdered mixture, adds 1-3 weight %.By adding described lubricant, can give parts by the preparation of this sinterable powder with self-lubricating property.
In addition, this sinterable powder mixture also can contain tackiness agent and/or antiseize paste.They are preferably selected from polyvinyl acetate, wax particularly amide waxe such as ethylenebisstearamide, shellac varnish, polyalkylene oxide and/or polyoxyethylene glycol.Polyalkylene oxide and/or polyoxyethylene glycol are 100-500000g/mol, preferred 1000-3500g/mol, more preferably polymkeric substance and/or the multipolymer use of 3000-6500g/mol with its molecular-weight average preferably.The consumption of this analog assistant is respectively about 0.01-12 weight % by the powdered mixture total amount, preferred 0.5-5 weight %, more preferably 0.6-1.8 weight %.This tackiness agent and/or antiseize paste also can make the parts by sintered powdered mixture preparation be easy to demoulding from compacting tool set.
This powdered mixture can utilize common equipment such as swing type mixing tank both can also can prepare by mixing each component under room temperature (cold mixing) under heating (heat is mixed), and wherein the heat mixing is preferred.
In addition, the invention still further relates to a kind of sintered component for preparing by the inventive method to small part.The intensity level of this sintered component by the inventive method preparation and hardness are higher than the parts with the usual method preparation significantly.It preferably is 140N/mm at least that the tensile strength of sintered component of the present invention is measured by DINEN10002-1
2More preferably this tensile strength is greater than 200N/mm
2, again more preferably greater than 300N/mm
2The Young's modulus of sintered component of the present invention is measured by DIN EN 10002-1 and preferably is at least 70KN/mm
2, more preferably greater than 80KN/mm
2
In a further preferred embodiment, the hardness of sintered component of the present invention (HB2.5/62.5Kg) is measured by DIN EN 24498-1 and is at least 100.This hardness is more preferably greater than 100, more preferably greater than 125.
In another advantageous embodiment, this sintered component is made as gear, pump impeller, particularly oil pump wheel and/or connecting rod and/or rotor external member.
But the sintered component among the present invention means the parts of being made by agglomerated material fully, also mean composite component on the other hand, wherein the matrix of this class composite component for example can be by containing the preparation of aluminium powder form mixture, with the bonding separately body of matrix by another kind of material such as iron or cast steel with sintering or integral body, or by block aluminium casting manufacturing.On the contrary, this composite component also for example can be only positive or its surperficially have by containing the sintered layer that the aluminium powder form mixture is made, and its matrix is for example made with sintering or integral body by steel or cast iron.At this, sintered component can finishing and/or sclerosis under heating.
At last, the invention still further relates to and a kind ofly prepare the method for sintered component and composite component by powdered mixture of the present invention, wherein:
-in first step, powdered mixture is sent in first mould;
-in second step, powder mixture is become pressed compact;
-in third step, proceed to after the small part pressed compact closely knit; With
-in the 4th step, sintering through after the pressed compact of closely knit mistake.
The inventive method has big advantage, promptly can prepare by the high-density that has reached in the third step before actual sintered to have excellent in strength value, the parts that have special high-density and hardness on the other hand on the one hand.Particularly back closely knit by what undertaken by the inventive method, can shorten finishing and/or the process of setting of common post-processing step that is connected on behind the sintering step greatly, perhaps also can economize common afterfire or the finishing process of removing in case of necessity as implementing by the placement under heating.Owing to shortened total process, just reached the raising of productivity and produced economic benefit thus.
By the back closely knit processing of the inventive method third step, can advantageously make the oxide skin that on the material therefor surface, exists cracked through machinery, in pressing process, can make thus to reach better cold weld between each material granule.In addition, also improved the diffusion of each material granule during the actual sintered process thus.So just can obtain having the parts of intensity values and particularly higher hardness.
The pressing process of being carried out in second step of the inventive method and third step both can be at high temperature, particularly particularly carry out (hot pressing) under the polyoxyethylene glycol at the above-mentioned auxiliary agent of adding, but also can at room temperature carry out (cold compaction), also can carry out simultaneously through vibratory compaction.Vibratory compaction means during pressing at least temporarily to have and vibrates the method that is superimposed upon in the pressing process, wherein should vibration for example suppress drift introducing by at least one.The combination of aforementioned drawing method also is possible.But agglomerated material is powder or powdered mixture particularly, particularly as metal-powder and/or the ceramic powder made by steel such as chromium-nickel-steel, bronze, nickel-base alloy such as hastelloy, inconel, metal oxide, metal nitride, metal silicide etc., particularly contain aluminium powder form or powdered mixture, wherein this powdered mixture also can contain high melting point component for example platinum or analogue.Used powder is relevant with application purpose separately with its granularity.Preferably containing iron powder is alloy 316L, 304L, Inco nickel 600, Inco nickel 625, Monel metal and hastelloy B, X and C.In addition, but agglomerated material can constitute by staple fibre or fiber wholly or in part, preferred diameter be about 0.1-250 μ m, length be several microns to millimeter grade, until fiber such as the metal non-woven fabrics of 50mm.
If wish the preparation composite component, but promptly for example at the parts that should have the sintered layer that constitutes by agglomerated material by the front of steel or castiron object, then in the first step of the inventive method, should for example be applied on this matrix by sintered material by usual method, but the also material of dusty spray shape (wet powder spraying WPS) for example.But the suspension that for this reason importantly prepares this agglomerated material.Required for this reason suspension preferably includes solvent, tackiness agent, stablizer and/or dispersion agent.Particularly preferred solvent is selected from water, methyl alcohol, ethanol, Virahol, terpene, C
2-C
5-alkene, toluene, trieline, diethyl ether and/or C
1-C
6-aldehyde and/or ketone.Preferred solvent is that it is volatilizable being lower than 100 ℃.The amount of solvent for use is counted about 40-70 weight % by used sinterable powder mixture, preferably about 50-65 weight %.
Back closely knit (closely knit in the middle of being also referred to as) that is carried out in third step can be by implementing for the common and known method of compacting pressed compact.Thus, for example the pressed compact of repressed mistake in second step can be sent in the common former again, and it is closely knit to carry out the back to small part by corresponding compacting drift therein.Preferably the closely knit instrument in this back can be designed to taper wholly or in part, can reach extra high closely knit with some the preposition place at pressed compact.
In a preferred embodiment of the inventive method, in another step, make the pressed compact dewaxing before the third step.Dewaxing is preferred under the mixture of nitrogen, hydrogen, air and/or described gas, carries out under the condition that particularly autotelic air is introduced.In addition, dewaxing can be carried out under with endogas and/or exothermic gas, but also can carry out under vacuum.Dewaxing can be preferably by synergetic microwave and/or ultrasonic wave or only carry out with controlled temperature by microwave.At last, dewaxing also can be carried out under solvent such as alcohol etc. or postcritical carbonic acid gas are having or do not having the effect of combination of temperature, microwave or ultrasonic wave or aforesaid method.
Adopt the back closely knit processing carry out with the inventive method in third step, advantageously to surpass the closely knit precontract 2-in back about 40% for its density, preferred 5-30%, more preferably 15-25%.
Preferably its initial density of compacting is determined as 2.1-2.5g/cm by DIN ISO2738 in second step of the inventive method
3, preferred 2.2-2.4g/cm
3, 2.25-2.38g/cm more preferably
3Pressed compact.
In another embodiment of the inventive method, to introducing the mould of the pressed compact through dewaxing in case of necessity, the spraying antiseize paste is favourable before introducing pressed compact.The dewaxing pressed compact is flooded in antiseize paste.In addition, particularly advantageous be make sintering process in the 4th step at its dew point less than-40 ℃, preferably less than carrying out under-50 ℃ the nitrogen.Sintering preferably carries out in purity nitrogen for this reason.In addition, under the corresponding density and/or composition of pressed compact, sintering also can be at air, hydrogen, contain or do not contain in mixture, endogas, exothermic gas or the vacuum of the nitrogen of the air that purpose imports and hydrogen and carry out, and at this moment sintering can or carry out with controlled temperature by microwave by the stack microwave.
Behind sintering step, preferably directly be possible necessary thermal treatment, particularly homogenizing anneal.At this moment this heat treated carry out relevant with the chemical constitution of resulting part.Perhaps or except that thermal treatment, sintered component also can be according to sintering temperature or homogeneity annealing temperature preferably in water or through acute cold quenching of gas.
Before or after sintering, it is closely knit also can to carry out additional surfaces, normally introduces at surf zone by sandblast or spray ball, spreading etc. and presses internal stress.Can before or after homogeneity annealing, carry out finishing equally.This finishing can be carried out under the forging temperature in room temperature or high temperature, also can use up to 900N/mm
2Pressure.When needing, this finishing even can carry out being higher than under the solidus curve, at this moment these parts also can directly take out from the sintering temperature.
The finishing instrument and/or the forging instrument that are used for finishing can be conical design wholly or in part, so that can reach extra high degree of compactness in some zone of parts.The temperature of finishing instrument and/or forging instrument can difference can remain in the isothermal scope when needing according to the parts that will process.The surface is closely knit or introduce to press internal stress also can carry out before or after thermal treatment or before or after the finishing in the surface.
At last, also can on sintered component, be coated with coating.Preferable methods is that parts are applied and/or alumilite process processing, for example hot spray process such as plasma spraying, flame plating or physics and/or chemical process such as PVD, CVD etc. through hard.But the chemical process that coating also can be pure is as applying by the anti-friction lacquer or the nano composite material that can contain teflon.By coating, parts surface can accurately carry out adaptive modification according to application purpose aspect hardness, roughness and frictional coefficient.
By following embodiment various advantages of the present invention are illustrated.
Embodiment 1
The label that will contain the Hoechst company of 1.5 weight % is the ECKA Granulate company Velden of the amide waxe of Mikrowachs C as tackiness agent, the label of Deutschland be ECKA Alumix 123 (92.5 weight %Al) consist of Al4Cu1Mg0.5Si (corresponding to common aluminium alloy, label is AC2014, wherein basic powder contains 4 weight %Cu, 1 weight %Mg, 0.5 weight %Si and 94.5 weight %Al, all by the powder total amount) the Al based powders mix by following table 1 with molybdenum powder or tungsten powder.This mixing realizes by molybdenum powder or tungsten powder at room temperature were added in the above-mentioned Al based powders through 5 minutes in the swing type mixing tank.
The size-grade distribution of this Al based powders is 45-200 μ m, its median size D
50Be 75-95 μ m.Molybdenum powder of sneaking into or tungsten powder be from H.C.Starck company, Goslar, and Deutschland, its median size D50 are 25 μ m, the about 5-50 μ of size-grade distribution m.
Then this powdered mixture is sent in the former, and at about 175N/mm
2(press 20cm
2The positive calculating of wheel) pressed compact that in room temperature, is pressed into pump impeller shape second under the pressure through about 0.2-0.5.The density of this pressed compact be about 2.35-2.38g/cm
3The pressed compact that makes preparation like this then is in about 430 ℃ of about 30 minutes of dewaxings down, then speed be in the band oven of 3.4m/h its dew point in-50 ℃ the purity nitrogen atmosphere under 610 ℃ sintering temperature sintering 30 minutes.At this moment this pressed compact is at Al
2O
3On the plate.Under 515 ℃, spare matter annealing 1.5 hours then.Then make the agglomerating pump impeller be about 40 ℃ 10 seconds of water quenching and rapid cooling through temperature.
Then applying pressure is about 810N/mm
2Under 200 ℃, make the 97-98% of its finishing to theoretical density.
After finishing, the agglomerating pump impeller was hardened under 160 ℃ of heating through 16 hours.Then press DIN EN 10002-1 and measure tensile strength Rm, Young's modulus and expansion with the stdn sample.In addition, with diameter be 2.5 and load be that the steel ball of the sclerosis of 62.5kg is measured hardness by DINEN 24498-1 (Brinell hardness).Institute's measured value is listed in the table below in 1.
Table 1
| Material | ??R m * | Young's modulus | ??A ** | Hardness |
| ??N/mm 2 | ??kN/mm 2 | ??％ | ??HB2.5/62.5kg | |
| Al4Cu1Mg0.5Si+8 weight %Mo | ??205 | ????87 | ??0.01 | ????122 |
| Al4Cu1Mg0.5Si+14 weight %Mo | ??152 | ????104 | ??0.01 | ????148 |
| Al4Cu1Mg0.5Si+8 weight %W | ??144 | ????74 | ??0.01 | ????105 |
| Al4Cu1Mg0.5Si+14 weight %W | ??135 | ????74 | ??0.01 | ????102 |
R
m *=tensile strength
A
*=expand
Embodiment 2
Repeat the experiment of embodiment 1, but the additional copper powder that mixes, this copper powder is from EckartGranules company, and label is Ecka Kupfer CH-S.Its mixing is so carried out, and molybdenum powder or tungsten powder were mixed under room temperature 5 minutes in the swing type mixing tank with copper powder, sneaks in the Al based powders through 5 minutes in the swing type mixing tank then.The median size d of this copper powder
50Be 25 μ m, size-grade distribution is about 5-50 μ m.This copper powder is by electrolytic preparation, and its each particle exists with dendritic crystal state.
Prepared different mixtures, and by under situation about having with closely knit processing without issue, sintering it into pump impeller described in the embodiment 1.Closely knit for carrying out the back, after the compacting this pressed compact was being dewaxed 30 minutes in about 430 ℃ under nitrogen atmosphere, and then be coated with antiseize paste GLEITMO 300 (Fuchs Lubritech company, Weilerbach are 760N/mm at pressure in former Deutschland) identical with first mould
2The following closely knit about 0.2-0.5 in back second in room temperature, make through after the density of closely knit pressed compact be about 2.8-2.9g/cm
3, and than the high about 19-23% of density without the closely knit pump impeller in back, thereby reach about 95% of theoretical density.
Then, the pressed compact of gained being carried out sintering as described above, is 810N/mm at pressure
2But at room temperature make density reach the 97-98% of theoretical density, and make its sclerosis through finishing.Molybdenum powder or tungsten powder are 5: 1 weight parts to the ratio of mixture between the copper powder.The physical values that provides ratio of mixture in the table 2 and measured.
Table 2
| ?Nr. | Material | The back is closely knit | ?????R m * | Young's modulus | ??A ** | Hardness | |
| Have | Do not have | ????N/mm 2 | kN/mm 2 | ???％ | ????HB ????2.5/62.5kg | ||
| ?2a | Al4Cu1Mg0.5Si+ 8 weight % (80 weight % Mo+20 weight %Cu) | ????x | ??226 | ????88 | ??0.03 | ????138 | |
| ?2a′ | Al4Cu1Mg0.5Si+ 8 weight % (80 weight % Mo+20 weight %Cu) | ????x | ??253 | ????89 | ??0.01 | ????146 | |
| ?2b | Al4Cu1Mg0.5Si+ 10 weight % (80 weight % Mo+20 weight %Cu) | ????x | ??206 | ????93 | ??0.01 | ????142 | |
| ?2b′ | Al4Cu1Mg0.5Si+ 10 weight % (80 weight % Mo+20 weight %Cu) | ????x | ??227 | ????96 | ??0.03 | ????150 | |
| ?2c | Al4Cu1Mg0.5Si+ 12 weight % (80 weight % Mo+20 weight %Cu) | ????x | ??187 | ????96 | ??0.01 | ????159 | |
| ?2c′ | Al4Cu1Mg0.5Si+ 12 weight % (80 weight % Mo+20 weight %Cu) | ????x | ??193 | ????100 | ??0.01 | ????164 | |
| ?2d | Al4Cu1Mg0.5Si+ 14 weight % (80 weight % Mo+20 weight %Cu) | ????x | ??178 | ????101 | ??0.01 | ????159 | |
| ?2d′ | Al4Cu1Mg0.5Si+ 14 weight % (80 weight % Mo+20 weight %Cu) | ????x | ??191 | ????107 | ??0.01 | ????179 | |
| ?2e | Al4Cu1Mg0.5Si+ 8 weight % (80 weight % W+20 weight %Cu) | ????x | ??155 | ????75 | ??0.03 | ????110 | |
| ?2e′ | Al4Cu1Mg0.5Si+ 8 weight % (80 weight % W+20 weight %Cu) | ????x | ??237 | ????79 | ??0.04 | ????122 | |
| ?2f | Al4Cu1Mg0.5Si+ 10 weight % (80 weight % W+20 weight %Cu) | ????x | ??173 | ????74 | ??0.05 | ????107 | |
| ?2f′ | Al4Cu1Mg0.5Si+ 10 weight % (80 weight % W+20 weight %Cu) | ????x | ??243 | ????81 | ??0.03 | ????121 | |
| ?2g | Al4Cu1Mg0.5Si+ 12 weight % (80 weight % W+20 weight %Cu) | ????x | ??147 | ????73 | ??0.05 | ????107 | |
| ?2g′ | Al4Cu1Mg0.5Si+ 12 weight % (80 weight % W+20 weight %Cu) | ????x | ??233 | ????86 | ??0.04 | ????121 | |
| ?2h | Al4Cu1Mg0.5Si+ 14 weight % (80 weight % W+20 weight %Cu) | ????x | ??146 | ????76 | ??0.05 | ????107 | |
| ?2h′ | Al4Cu1Mg0.5Si+ 14 weight % (80 weight % W+20 weight %Cu) | ????x | ??213 | ????84 | ??0.03 | ????130 | |
R
m *=tensile strength
A
*=expand
As shown in table 2, the closely knit processing in back has favourable influence to physical property.Particularly can reach the hardness of the prepared pump impeller of further raising.
Adopt the present invention, can prepare particularly based on the sintered component of Al powder, these parts not only have excellent intensity level, and high hardness is particularly arranged.This base part can be used in the field of high request, particularly engine or the drives structure thus.In addition, place the finishing and the hardening treatment of carrying out, so this sintered component can more smooth preparation quickly owing to economizing to remove through heating down.
Claims (15)
1. one kind is used to prepare sintered component, sinterable powder mixture especially for the sintered component of vehicle structure, this powdered mixture contains the Al based powders that is made of metal and/or its alloy of counting 60-98.5 weight % by the powdered mixture total amount, this Al based powders contains Al and is respectively 0.2-30 weight %Mg by Al based powders total amount, 0.2-40 weight %Si, 0.2-15 weight %Cu, 0.2-15 weight %Zn, 0.2-15 weight %Ti, 0.2-10 weight %Sn, 0.5-5 weight %Mn, 0.2-10 weight %Ni and/or less than the As of 1 weight %, Sb, Co, Be, Pb and/or B, this powdered mixture also contain by the powdered mixture total amount and count being selected from by Mo of 0.8-40 weight %, W, Cr, V, the first group of metal that Zr and/or Y form and/or the metal-powder of its alloy.
2. the sinterable powder mixture of claim 1 is characterized in that, this powdered mixture also contains second group of metal and/or its alloy of being made up of Cu, Sn, Zn, Li and/or Mg.
3. claim 1 or 2 sinterable powder mixture is characterized in that the amount of first group of metal and/or its alloy is 1 with the ratio of the amount of second group of metal and/or its alloy: 8-15: 1 weight part.
4. the sinterable powder mixture that one of requires of aforesaid right, it is characterized in that, described Al based powders also contains 0.2-15 weight %Mg, 0.2-16 weight %Si, 0.2-10 weight %Cu and/or 0.2-15 weight %Zn by aluminium base powder gross weight except that containing Al.
5. the sinterable powder mixture of one of aforesaid right requirement is characterized in that described second group of metal and/or its alloy comprise Cu, Zn and/or Sn.
6. the sinterable powder mixture of one of aforesaid right requirement is characterized in that it comprises lubricant, and the amount of this lubricant is counted 0.2-5 weight % by the powdered mixture total amount.
7. sintered component, it to small part be by the sinterable powder preparation of one of claim 1-6.
8. the sintered component of claim 7 is characterized in that, the tensile strength that it has is measured by DIN EN 10002-1 and is at least 140N/mm
2
9. claim 7 or 8 sintered component is characterized in that, the Young's modulus that it has is measured by DIN EN 10002-1 and is at least 70KN/mm
2
10. the sintered component of one of claim 7-9 is characterized in that, the hardness that it has (HB 2.5/62.5kg) is measured by DIN EN 24498-1 and is at least 100.
11. the powdered mixture by one of claim 1-6 prepares the method for sintered component and composite component, wherein:
-in first step, powdered mixture is sent in first mould;
-in second step, powder mixture is become pressed compact;
-in third step, it is closely knit that pressed compact to small part is carried out the back; With
-in the 4th step, sintering through after the pressed compact of closely knit mistake.
12. the method for claim 11 is characterized in that, before third step, described pressed compact is through dewaxing treatment.
13. the method for claim 11 or 12 is characterized in that, adopts the density density approximately high 2-40% more preceding than the closely knit processing in back of the pressed compact that back closely knit processing reached that is carried out in the third step.
14. the method for one of claim 11-13 is characterized in that, in third step, be incorporated into pressed compact in second mould before, spray this mould with antiseize paste.
15. the method for one of claim 11-14 is characterized in that, the sintering process in the 5th step is to carry out in less than-40 ℃ nitrogen atmosphere at dew point.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10203285.8 | 2002-01-29 | ||
| DE10203285A DE10203285C1 (en) | 2002-01-29 | 2002-01-29 | Sinterable powder mixture for the production of sintered components |
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|---|---|
| CN1617940A true CN1617940A (en) | 2005-05-18 |
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ID=7713260
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| CNA028277031A Pending CN1617940A (en) | 2002-01-29 | 2002-10-30 | Sinterable metal powder mixture for the production of sintered components |
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|---|---|
| US (1) | US20050034559A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1470261B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2005516118A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100696312B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1617940A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE300626T1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR0215554A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE10203285C1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2244838T3 (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA04007248A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003064710A1 (en) |
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2002
- 2002-01-29 DE DE10203285A patent/DE10203285C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-10-30 KR KR1020047010480A patent/KR100696312B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-10-30 JP JP2003564298A patent/JP2005516118A/en active Pending
- 2002-10-30 MX MXPA04007248A patent/MXPA04007248A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-10-30 BR BR0215554-0A patent/BR0215554A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-10-30 EP EP02806652A patent/EP1470261B1/en not_active Revoked
- 2002-10-30 CN CNA028277031A patent/CN1617940A/en active Pending
- 2002-10-30 DE DE50203794T patent/DE50203794D1/en not_active Revoked
- 2002-10-30 AT AT02806652T patent/ATE300626T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-10-30 ES ES02806652T patent/ES2244838T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-30 WO PCT/EP2002/012088 patent/WO2003064710A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2004
- 2004-07-29 US US10/903,551 patent/US20050034559A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1470261A1 (en) | 2004-10-27 |
| DE10203285C1 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
| ES2244838T3 (en) | 2005-12-16 |
| ATE300626T1 (en) | 2005-08-15 |
| DE50203794D1 (en) | 2005-09-01 |
| KR20040066937A (en) | 2004-07-27 |
| WO2003064710A1 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
| EP1470261B1 (en) | 2005-07-27 |
| US20050034559A1 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
| KR100696312B1 (en) | 2007-03-19 |
| BR0215554A (en) | 2004-12-21 |
| MXPA04007248A (en) | 2004-10-29 |
| JP2005516118A (en) | 2005-06-02 |
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