CN1616884A - Fuel staging process for low NOx operations - Google Patents
Fuel staging process for low NOx operations Download PDFInfo
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- CN1616884A CN1616884A CNA2004101005634A CN200410100563A CN1616884A CN 1616884 A CN1616884 A CN 1616884A CN A2004101005634 A CNA2004101005634 A CN A2004101005634A CN 200410100563 A CN200410100563 A CN 200410100563A CN 1616884 A CN1616884 A CN 1616884A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
- F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
- F23K5/002—Gaseous fuel
- F23K5/007—Details
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2202/00—Fluegas recirculation
- F23C2202/20—Premixing fluegas with fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for fuel supplies
- F23K2900/05004—Mixing two or more fluid fuels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
- F23L2900/07002—Injecting inert gas, other than steam or evaporated water, into the combustion chambers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
- F23L2900/07009—Injection of steam into the combustion chamber
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Air Supply (AREA)
- Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
- Insulating Of Coils (AREA)
- Superstructure Of Vehicle (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
Abstract
A method for diluting a fuel to reduce NOx uses a fuel dilution device includes a first conduit having an inlet and an outlet, the first conduit adapted to transmit a stream of a fuel entering the inlet and exiting the outlet at a first thermodynamic state and a first fuel index; and a second conduit having an intake and an outtake, the second conduit adapted to transmit a stream of a fluid entering the intake and exiting the outtake at a second/different thermodynamic state and a second fuel index different from the first fuel index by at least about 0.1, whereby a potential for mixing exists between the two streams exiting the outlet and the outtake, and at least some of the fuel mixes with at least some of the fluid near the outlet and the outtake, thereby generating a diluted fuel stream having an intermediate fuel index.
Description
Background technology
The present invention relates to be used to reduce the fuel segmentation method and the system of nitrogen oxide (NOx) discharging, the particularly this method and system that in low-NOx combustor, uses the fuel dilution nozzle.
The difficult problem that chemical process industry (CPI) (CPI) is faced is: owing to burn spent fuel but also will meet low NOx and CO emission request simultaneously of economic cause.Spent fuel contains higher C/H than admixture of gas, produces very bright flame because of generating oxycarbide during its burning, and also can produce carbon black pellet or carbon according to combustion case.Typical case's refinery propellant composition comprise the fuel of different content and inert gas (for example C1, C2, C3 ... Cn, alkene, hydrogen, nitrogen, CO2, water vapour).If carbon or carbon black pellet are formed on the fuel nozzle, under suitable current pressure and temperature conditions, the carbon black tissue can increase in the jet expansion vicinity usually so.This can cause fuel to spray obstructions, fuel jet skew, nozzle and stove parts as handling pipe and refractory walls is overheated and burner and stove move the shut-down that has potentiality.The stove shut-down can cause enormous economic loss, comprises the loss that causes because of downstream production interruption.
If fuel nozzle is subjected to following influence,, can produce carbon black pellet usually by high-carbon with as the impure refinery fuel of acetylene, ethane, propane, butane and alkene gas compositions such as (for example ethene and propylene):
Undercompounding in stove (because nozzle quantity, nozzle arrangements, jet angle and jet velocity are in non-optimal cases) (generally classifying as the burner design problem);
Lack available air or oxidant (generally classifying as the mobile structure problem of burner) near the fuel nozzle;
Fuel nozzle cooling insufficient (often being exposed under the stove heat radiation) (generally classifying as fuel nozzle structure and burner design problem);
Fuel stream interrupts (reliability of upstream fuel apparatus) (generally classifying as technological problems);
Low burn operation (lower) (generally classifying as technological problems) because of causing fuel flow rate; Or
Refinery's propellant composition is that carbonaceous material changes (generally classifying as the technological requirement problem).
Burner or designs of nozzles are can the appreciable impact nozzle overheated, carbon black generates, spray nozzle clogging, therefore will need often maintenance to burner apparatus.Interrupt as discharging process residue and/or fuel stream by changing process conditions, just can alleviate these problems, these process conditions also can influence the cooling degree that fuel nozzle should reach simultaneously.Changing process conditions and propellant composition is very general in refinery's operation.
Another difficult problem that CPI faces is that requirement low NOx drainage amount reaches emission regulation.U.S.'s a plurality of regional NOx discharge regulations (being subordinated to 1990 clean air rules) all requires will be lower than 10ppm from the NOx of process heaters, boiler, gas turbine and other fixed combustion equipment exhausting.CPI solution the most common or BACT (BACT) is exactly to adopt the SCR (selection catalytic reactor) of after-purification flue gas, reduces NOx contained in the fuel stream (by NOx is converted into N thereby promptly spray ammoniacal liquor in large-scale catalytic reactor
2).The electric power that this technology will spend substantial contribution, a large amount of ammoniacal liquor of needs, hot-air and turn round for the ID blower fan.
Most of refineries do not want SCR is installed and adopt low-NOx combustor to meet the NOx requirement.But in multiple heating operation technology such as steam methane reformer (SMR), Crude oil heater, ethane cracking furnace or boiler, the NOx content that low-NOx combustor can not keep producing is lower than 10ppm.For this reason, management organization does not prove that as yet using low-NOx combustor is exactly BACT.In other words, at present SCR be unique economically feasible, can reach the method that the zone reaches strict NOx standard at ozone, the ozone concentration that this ozone reaches ground level in the zone surpasses statutory restrictions.
Generally, the CPI operator uses the natural gas of cleaning or the optimum mixture of natural gas and impure refinery fuel, to reduce the loss that maintenance is brought.But because natural gas shortage and fuel is expensive, processing industry can not used the combustion of natural gas of cleaning.Do not make full use of the refinery of spent fuel potential with respect to other, the refinery of the spent fuel that can burn generally has higher productivity ratio and stronger competitiveness.
As for reducing the NOx discharging, common NOx control method comprises to be utilized the low-NOx combustor that is equipped with the high-rank fuel segmentation and adopts flue gas recirculation (FGR) diluent air/fuel ratio.Spray nonactive or inertia chemical substance in fuel/oxygen thing mixture, average flame temperature reduces, thereby the discharge capacity of NOx reduces.But these methods need increase additional pipeline and the energy loss that is used to carry flue gas.In addition, owing to gas need be heated to processing temperature from environment temperature, therefore also need some energy of loss.In addition, disclosed field data does not show that these methods can make the NOx discharging be lower than 10ppm in the document.
In order to reduce the NOx discharging, the apparatus and method of multiple employing fuel segmentation have been developed.Several method wherein will be discussed below.
U.S. Patent application 2003/0148236 (people such as Joshi) discloses a kind of ultralow NOx burner that utilizes the segmentation fuel nozzle.This burner has eight and is installed in main burner main body fuel segmentation jet pipe on every side.The core of burner is used to provide 100% combustion air, and the fuel (～10%) that sprays minute quantity is to keep the stability of whole flame.Remaining fuel (～90%) adopts a plurality of fuel segmentation jet pipes to spray.Fuel segmentation jet pipe has the special fuel nozzle that has two circular holes.Shown in Figure 1A-1C, these jet pipes with axially and drift angle radially, the furnace gas delay of carrying secretly that helps with combustion air and because higher jet velocity (fuel-supplying pressure of 500-1000 feet per second or the 5-15psig that produces according to this burning velocity) to produce mixes.
United States Patent (USP) 6383462 (Lang) discloses a kind of method and apparatus, as shown in Figure 2, wherein has in " burner and stove " outside and makes the mixing chamber that mixes with fuel gas from the flue gas of stove.The Venturi tube mixer that adopts convergence to disperse further dilutes fuel gas with the additional flow excited gas.Subsequently the mixture (with the fuel of flue gas dilution) of gained is sent into burner, this mixture burns in stove together with combustion air therein.The dilute strength of based on fuel gas, the NOx discharge capacity can reduce to 14ppm from 26ppm.This apparatus and method do not reduce to the discharge capacity of NOx below the 10ppm, and this result is incomparable with the General Result of SCR technology.
United States Patent (USP) 6481209 (people such as Johnson) discloses a kind of fuel segmented system that is suitable for gas-turbine unit.By the fuel injection stream is divided into following two parts, make and carry out active combustion, and NOx and CO discharge capacity is lower: 1) be installed in the injector and 2 in the cyclone mixer with air) be installed in the combustion chamber and hold back injector in the eddy region.But this ejection schemes also is not suitable for the Large Furnace body, in large-scale body of heater because stove and support structures and can not produce and hold back eddy region.
United States Patent (USP) 6558154 people such as () Eroglu discloses a kind of controllable fuel segmentation method that is used for aero-engine, wherein uses two fuel segmentation nozzles of installing respectively.One cover discharging and fluctuation sensor are installed in the downstream of each sectional area.These sensors are measured the quality of the combustion product that each sectional area produces, and control module changes and is ejected into the corresponding fuel quantity in each zone by changing operation and environmental condition subsequently.
United States Patent (USP) 5601424 people such as () Bernstein discloses a kind of atomizing steam that utilizes and has sprayed the method that control reduces NOx.By adding the atomizing steam that to realize fuel oil atomization, measure thereby reduce NOx to burner flame.The NOx of minimizing 30% approximately needs 0.5lb steam/lb fuel stream.Need a large amount of steam to reduce flame temperature and reach required NOx reduction.In addition, if use a large amount of steam to cause the flame quenching, then flame might be unstable and sputter is taken place.Therefore, for guaranteeing flame stabilization, the quantity of steam of injection has a upper limit.
Gas turbine industry also uses similar steam spray technology to be used for NOx control.But, because the steam jet mode of poor efficiency will be paid huge economic cost for reducing the NOx discharging.Steam consumption is very big, and the efficient of controlling this technology for NOx is lower, uneconomical economically.
That expectation can have is economically feasible, improved equipment and method are used to reduce the NOx discharging, and it can burn refinery's waste gas and excessively not discharge NOx.
Also further expect to have a kind of equipment and method can minimizing equipment stop up and handle the maintenance that problems such as pipe is overheated cause because of burner nozzle, and can improve other benefits such as fuel efficiency and productivity of furnace.
Also further expect to have a kind of equipment and method and can make existing low-NOx combustor reach the NOx of SCR level, can make the refinery meet NOx and stipulate and need not to use costly SCR technology.
Also further expect to have a kind of equipment and method and make processing industry consume cheap spent fuel and need not bear maintenance cost, and make the NOx discharge capacity be lower than 10ppm simultaneously and meet the NOx regulation as spray nozzle clogging, apparatus overheat, processing interruption etc.
Also expect to have a kind of equipment and method that is used for combustion fuel, it has than the better combustibility of prior art, also can overcome numerous difficulties of prior art and shortcoming with produce better, more favourable effect.
Summary of the invention
The present invention a kind ofly dilutes the method and system that fuel reduces discharged nitrous oxides by the fuel segmentation.The present invention also comprises a kind of fuel dilution device that can be used for this method or system.
First embodiment that is used for reducing by fuel segmentation dilution fuel discharged nitrous oxides in this method comprises a plurality of steps.The first step provides the fuel dilution device, comprising: have first pipeline of inlet and the outlet that separates with inlet, this first pipeline is used to carry first thermodynamic state and the first fuel index to flow to into inlet and flows out the fuel stream that exports; Second pipeline with import and the outlet that separates with import, this second pipeline is used to carry the fluid stream that flows to import and outflow outlet with second thermodynamic state and second fuel index, the second fuel index differs at least about 0.1 with the first fuel index, and second thermodynamic state different with first thermodynamic state, between the fuel stream that flows out first pipe outlet is with the fluid stream that flows out the outlet of second row of conduits, can have the trend of mixing thus.Second step was to supply with fuel stream to the inlet of first pipeline, and described fuel stream is the outlet of flowing out first pipeline with first thermodynamic state and the first fuel index.The 3rd step was to supply with fluid stream to the import of second pipeline, described fluid stream is the outlet that flows out second pipeline with second thermodynamic state and the second fuel index, thus, in position near outlet and outlet, at least a portion that the fuel that flows out from first pipe outlet flows is mixed with at least a portion of the fluid stream that flows out from the outlet of second row of conduits, thereby produce at least one dilution fuel stream, its fuel index is between the first fuel exponential sum, the second fuel index.The 4th step provided oxidizer source.The 5th step be with the part of oxidant with this fuel stream or this fluid stream, maybe should dilution fuel flow at least a at least a portion burn, thereby produce the gas that amount of nitrogen oxides reduces, described amount of nitrogen oxides is with respect to using for the higher amount of nitrogen oxides that the method combustion fuel this fuel dilution device is produced.
First embodiment of this method has multiple changing form.A kind of change is that fluid is a fuel.The another kind of change is that this fluid is selected from water vapour, flue gas, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon, helium, xenon, krypton, other inert fluid and composition thereof or combination.
The another kind of this method first embodiment changes, contiguous second pipeline of first pipeline.Another change is that the major part of at least the second pipeline is placed in first pipeline.The another kind of change is that second pipeline has equivalent diameter (D
c), the outlet of second pipeline is positioned at the segment distance behind first pipe outlet, and described distance is about (2D
c)-Yue (20D
c).
Second embodiment of this method that reduces discharged nitrous oxides by fuel segmentation dilution fuel is similar with first embodiment, but comprises two additional steps.First additional step is in second pipeline cyclone to be installed.Second additional step is to carry at least a portion fluid stream by this cyclone, thereby makes at least a portion generation eddy flow in the fluid that flows out second pipeline.
The 3rd embodiment of this method is similar with first embodiment, but comprises two additional steps.First additional step provides and can carry out the zip mode jet pipe that fluid is carried with first pipe outlet.Second additional step is to carry at least a portion dilution fuel stream by this zip mode jet pipe.
The 4th embodiment of this method is similar with first embodiment, but comprise an additional step, promptly in the fluid passage that has the stove that contains a large amount of furnace gases, settle this fuel dilution device, thereby make at least a portion in this furnace gas mix with at least a portion in this dilution fuel stream.
Be used to dilute another embodiment that fuel reduces the method for discharged nitrous oxides by the fuel segmentation and comprise a plurality of steps.First step provides a kind of fuel dilution device, comprising: have first pipeline of inlet and the outlet that separates with inlet, this first pipeline is used to carry the fuel stream that flows to inlet and outflow outlet with first pressure, first speed and the first fuel index; Second pipeline with import and the outlet that separates with import, this second pipeline is used to carry the fluid stream that flows to import and outflow outlet with second pressure, second speed and the second fuel index, the second fuel index differs at least about 0.1 with the first fuel index, and second in pressure and the second speed at least one different with in first pressure and first speed at least one, thereby between the fuel stream that flows out first pipe outlet is with the fluid stream that flows out the outlet of second row of conduits, can have the trend of mixing.Second step was to supply with fuel stream to the inlet of first pipeline, and described fuel stream flows out the outlet of first pipeline with first pressure, first speed and the first fuel index.The 3rd step was to supply with fluid stream to the import of second pipeline, described fluid stream flows out the outlet of second pipeline with second pressure, second speed and the second fuel index, thus, in position near outlet and outlet, at least a portion that the fuel that flows out from first pipe outlet flows is with at least a portion mixing of the fluid stream that flows out from the outlet of second row of conduits, thereby produce at least a dilution fuel stream, its fuel index is between the first fuel exponential sum, the second fuel index.The 4th step provided an oxidizer source.The 5th step be with the part of oxidant with this fuel stream or this fluid stream, maybe should dilution fuel flow at least a at least a portion burn, thereby produce the gas that amount of nitrogen oxides reduces, it is with respect to using for the higher amount of nitrogen oxides that the method combustion fuel this fuel dilution device is produced that described amount of nitrogen oxides reduces.
First embodiment that reduces the fuel dilution device of discharged nitrous oxides by fuel segmentation dilution fuel has a plurality of key elements.First key element is first pipeline with inlet and the outlet that separates with inlet, and this first pipeline is used to carry the fuel stream that flows to inlet and outflow outlet with first thermodynamic state and the first fuel index.Second key element is second pipeline with import and the outlet that separates with import, this second pipeline is used to carry the fluid stream that flows to import and outflow outlet with second thermodynamic state and the second fuel index, the second fuel index differs at least about 0.1 with the first fuel index, and second thermodynamic state different with first thermodynamic state, between flowing, the fluid that fuel stream that flows out first pipe outlet and outflow second row of conduits export to have the trend of mixing thus, thus, in position near outlet and outlet, at least a portion that the fuel that flows out from first pipe outlet flows is with at least a portion mixing of the fluid stream that flows out from the outlet of second row of conduits, thereby produce at least a dilution fuel stream, its fuel index is between the first fuel exponential sum, the second fuel index.Third element is an oxidizer source.Four elements be with the part of oxidant with this fuel stream or this fluid stream, maybe should dilution fuel flow at least a at least a portion method of burning, thereby produce the gas that amount of nitrogen oxides reduces, it is to use for the higher amount of nitrogen oxides that the method combustion fuel this fuel dilution device is produced with respect to being less than that described small amount of nitrogen oxide reduces.
First embodiment of this fuel dilution device has multiple changing form.A kind of change is that fluid is a kind of fuel.The another kind of change is that this fluid is selected from water vapour, flue gas, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon, helium, xenon, krypton, other inert fluid and composition thereof or combination.
The another kind of change is contiguous second pipeline of first pipeline.Another change is that the essential part of at least the second pipeline is placed in first pipeline.The another kind of change is that second pipeline has equivalent diameter (D
c), the outlet of second pipeline is positioned at the segment distance behind first pipe outlet, and described distance is about (2 * D
c)-Yue (20 * D
c).
The another kind of first embodiment changes, and this fuel dilution device can carry out the fluid transmission with the stove that contains a large amount of furnace gases, thereby makes at least a portion in this furnace gas mix with at least a portion in this dilution fuel stream.
Second embodiment of this fuel dilution device is similar with first embodiment, but in second pipeline cyclone is installed.The 3rd embodiment of this fuel dilution device is similar with first embodiment, but comprises the zip mode nozzle, and the fluid of itself and first pipe outlet can be realized the fluid transmission.
Another embodiment that reduces the fuel dilution device of discharged nitrous oxides by fuel segmentation dilution fuel comprises a plurality of key elements.First key element is first pipeline with inlet and the outlet that separates with inlet, and this first pipeline is used to carry the fuel stream that flows to inlet and outflow outlet with first pressure, first speed and the first fuel index.Second key element is second pipeline with import and the outlet that separates with import, this second pipeline is used for carrying with second pressure, the second speed and the second fuel index flow into import and flow out the fluid stream of outlet, the second fuel index differs at least about 0.1 with the first fuel index, and second in pressure and the second speed at least one different with in first pressure and first speed at least one, thereby between the fuel stream that flows out first pipe outlet is with the fluid stream that flows out the outlet of second row of conduits, can there be the trend of mixing, thus, in position near outlet and outlet, at least a portion that the fuel that flows out from first pipe outlet flows is mixed with at least a portion of the fluid stream that flows out from the outlet of second row of conduits, thereby produce at least a dilution fuel stream, its fuel index is between the first fuel exponential sum, the second fuel index.Third element is an oxidizer source.Four elements be with the part of oxidant with this fuel stream or this fluid stream, maybe should dilution fuel flow at least a at least a portion burn, thereby produce the gas that amount of nitrogen oxides reduces, it is with respect to using for the higher amount of nitrogen oxides that the method combustion fuel this fuel dilution device is produced that described amount of nitrogen oxides reduces.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of system that is used for reducing by fuel segmentation dilution fuel discharged nitrous oxides.This system comprises a plurality of key elements.The first element is the fuel dilution device, comprising: have first pipeline of inlet and the outlet that separates with inlet, this first pipeline is used to carry the fuel stream that flows to inlet and outflow outlet with first thermodynamic state and the first fuel index; Second pipeline with import and the outlet that separates with import, this second pipeline is used to carry the fluid stream that flows to import and outflow outlet with second thermodynamic state and the second fuel index, the second fuel index differs at least about 0.1 with the first fuel index, and second thermodynamic state different with first thermodynamic state, between the fuel stream that flows out first pipe outlet is with the fluid stream that flows out the outlet of second row of conduits, can have the trend of mixing thus.Second key element is to supply with the method for fuel stream to the inlet of first pipeline, and described fuel stream flows out the outlet of first pipeline with first thermodynamic state and the first fuel index.Three elements are means from fluid stream to the import of second pipeline that supply with, described fluid stream flows out the outlet of second pipeline with second thermodynamic state and the second fuel index, thus, in position near outlet and outlet, at least a portion that the fuel that flows out from first pipe outlet flows is mixed with at least a portion of the fluid stream that flows out from the outlet of second row of conduits, thereby produce at least a dilution fuel stream, its fuel index is between the first fuel exponential sum, the second fuel index.The 4th key element is an oxidizer source.Five elements be with the part of oxidant with this fuel stream or this fluid stream, maybe should dilution fuel flow at least a at least a portion means of burning, thereby produce the gas that amount of nitrogen oxides reduces, it is with respect to using for the higher amount of nitrogen oxides that the method combustion fuel this fuel dilution device is produced that described amount of nitrogen oxides reduces.
Another embodiment that reduces the system of discharged nitrous oxides by fuel segmentation dilution fuel comprises a plurality of key elements.The first element is the fuel dilution device, comprising: have first pipeline of inlet and the outlet that separates with inlet, this first pipeline is used to carry the fuel that flows to into inlet and outflow outlet with first pressure, first speed and the first fuel index to flow; Second pipeline with import and the outlet that separates with import, this second pipeline is used to carry the fluid stream that flows to import and outflow outlet with second pressure, second speed and the second fuel index, the second fuel index differs at least about 0.1 with the first fuel index, and second in pressure and the second speed at least one different with in first pressure and first speed at least one, thereby between the fuel stream that flows out first pipe outlet is with the fluid stream that flows out the outlet of second row of conduits, can have the trend of mixing.Second key element is to supply with the method for fuel stream to the inlet of first pipeline, and described fuel stream flows out the outlet of first pipeline with first pressure, first speed and the first fuel index.Three elements are means from fluid stream to the import of second pipeline that supply with, described fluid stream flows out the outlet of second pipeline with second pressure, second speed and the second fuel index, thus, in position near outlet and outlet, at least a portion that the fuel that flows out from first pipe outlet flows is mixed with at least a portion of the fluid stream that flows out from the outlet of second row of conduits, thereby produce at least a dilution fuel stream, its fuel index is between the first fuel exponential sum, the second fuel index.The 4th key element is an oxidizer source.Five elements be with the part of oxidant with this fuel stream or this fluid stream, maybe should dilution fuel flow at least a at least a portion means of burning, thereby produce the gas that amount of nitrogen oxides reduces, it is with respect to using for the higher amount of nitrogen oxides that the method combustion fuel this fuel dilution device is produced that described amount of nitrogen oxides reduces.
Description of drawings
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention will be described by embodiment, wherein:
Figure 1A is the cross-sectional plan view that is used for the fuel segmentation nozzle of ultralow NOx burner in the prior art;
Figure 1B is the cross section vertical projection diagram of fuel segmentation jet pipe in Figure 1A prior art;
Fig. 1 C is the side view of fuel segmentation jet pipe in Figure 1B prior art;
Fig. 2 is the cross section vertical projection diagram that is used for the mixing chamber of fuel gas in the holding furnace, mobile excited gas and fuel gas in the prior art;
Fig. 3 is the schematic cross-section of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic cross-section of another embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 A is the schematic diagram that utilizes strong jet-another embodiment that weak jet is carried secretly among the present invention;
Fig. 5 B utilizes eddy flow to cause the schematic cross-section of another embodiment of carrying secretly among the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the schematic cross-section of another embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 is the schematic cross-section that comprises another embodiment of a zip mode nozzle or jet pipe among the present invention;
Fig. 8 A is the front-view schematic diagram of zip mode nozzle or jet pipe;
Fig. 8 B is that zip mode nozzle or jet pipe are installed in the schematic side view on the jet pipe for example shown in Figure 7;
Fig. 8 C is the floor map of zip mode nozzle or jet pipe;
Fig. 8 D is that the detailed maps of the part of the front view of zipper nozzle or jet pipe among Fig. 8 A is to indicate its size; And
Fig. 9 is the schematic cross-section that comprises another embodiment of a zip mode nozzle or jet pipe among the present invention.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
The invention solves a series of problems that the burner design aspect is faced, as be used for burner, hot-working device, boiler, ethane cracking furnace or other high temperature furnace of heated reformate device.The present invention relates to a kind of improved fuel and divide segment process.Particularly realize two kinds of universal methods of rapid dilution and mixing according to required processing purpose, for:
I. use another kind of fuel with fuel segmentation (F-F): with high pressure refinery spent fuel, spraying liquid fuel etc. be ejected into clean low pressure fuel gas near, to reach the duty of cleaning, freedom from repairs, low NOx; With
II. with inert gas with fuel segmentation (F-I): with high pressure inert fluid such as water vapour, nitrogen, CO
2Deng being ejected near the low pressure fuel gas, to reduce NOx.
As used herein, term " fuel index " (FI) is defined as the weighted sum of fuel carbon atomicity, wherein H
2Be designated as 1.3 carbon numbers, weight is the molar fraction of component: FI=∑ C
ix
i/ ∑ x
i, C wherein
iAnd x
iIt is respectively the molar fraction of carbon number and component i.The fuel index of some fuel and inert gas as shown in Table I.In general, the easier cracking of fuel that the fuel index is higher also can produce more NOx by instantaneous NOx mechanism.In this definition, H2 is a kind of special circumstances.Although H2 does not contain any carbon atom, the H2 additives in the well-known natural gas can increase the discharging of NOx.Point out in the document, compare, the NOx of the many dischargings about 30% of pure H2 burning with methyl hydride combustion.The NOx of H2 burning and exhausting increases and helps to improve flame temperature by hot NOx mechanism.Because the fuel index is used to refer to the NOx discharge capacity herein, therefore the weighted value with H2 is decided to be 1.3, is to be consistent with its potential NOx discharge capacity.
Table I: the fuel index of selected fuel and inert gas
| Fuel or inert gas | The fuel index |
| ????H 2 | ????1.3 |
| ????H 2O | ????0 |
| ????CO 2 | ????0 |
| ????CO | ????1 |
| ????N 2 | ????0 |
| ????CH 4 | ????1 |
| ????C 3H 8 | ????3 |
| ????ROG(1) | ????1.434 |
| PSA waste gas (2) | ????0.57 |
| Natural gas (3) | ????1.08 |
| Natural gas (4) | ????1.14 |
(1)ROG：H
2?18％，CH
4?44％，C
2H
2?38％。
(2) PSA waste gas: H
230%, CH
418%, CO
252%.
(3) natural gas: CH
491%, C
2H
664%, C
3H
83%, N
21%, CO
21%.
(4) natural gas: CH
484, C
2H
612%, C
3H
82%, N
22%.
As described here, term " thermodynamic state " is defined as a kind of existence of material.This definition is on the basis of general known thermodynamics notion, extends to not only to comprise common temperature and pressure, also comprise speed, concentration, composition, volume fraction, flowing velocity, current potential etc., intactly to describe the characteristic of logistics.This definition is used for accurately limiting between two kinds of logistics the mixing that the difference owing to thermodynamic state takes place.
Describe these two kinds of methods below in detail.
I. use another kind of fuel with fuel segmentation (F-F):
This method can be used to make refinery's spent fuel with high supply pressure and second kind of clean low pressure flue gas burning, and this spent fuel comprises hydrogen and the Geng Gao C/H mixture than fuel (ethane, propane, butane, alkene etc.).Since high C/H than fuel generation thermal cracking and subsequently carbon black increase at burner fuel nozzle place, so this refinery waste gas burning can cause maintenance problem.In addition, this fuel that burns can cause the discharge capacity of NOx to be higher than normal value.
In order to improve the combustibility of high C/H, dilute non-clean fuel with clean (second kind) fuel stream (as hydrogen, synthesis gas, natural gas or low BTU fuel mixture) than refinery spent fuel.In a kind of embodiment shown in Figure 3, spray a kind of high pressure refinery's fuel gas (fuel gas that contains high C/H ratio) by central nozzle 32, spray a kind of low-pressure fuel gas of cleaning by the annular region between central nozzle 32 and the outer nozzle 34, as natural gas, synthesis gas, industrial waste gas, PSA waste gas (from PSA absorbent bed remove hydrogen gas product after circulating fuel gas) etc.As shown in Figure 3, the outlet 36 of central nozzle is from outlet 38 recessed one section preferred distance of outer nozzle.This distance is preferably central nozzle equivalent diameter (D
c) 2-20 doubly.According to the fuel degree of scatter between high pressure refinery fuel gas and the cleaner low-pressure fuel gas, this distance is preferably about 1/16 " 1 ".
Those skilled in the art will know, and mention that in Fig. 3-7 and 9 " high pressure " also can represent " at a high speed " or " high pressure or at a high speed ".Similarly, mention that in above-mentioned figure " low pressure " can represent " low speed " or " low pressure or low speed ".
Structure shown in Fig. 3 allows unclean high pressure refinery fuel gas to mix because of the turbulent jet reciprocation with cleaning low-pressure fuel gas.High pressure refinery fuel gas is preferably about 900-1400 feet per second (being preferably the velocity of sound or throttling speed) by the speed of central nozzle 32.According to the obtainable supply pressure of low-pressure gas, this low-pressure fuel gas is preferably about 100-900 feet per second by the speed of the annular region 33 between central nozzle 32 and the outer nozzle 34.The low velocity gas stream that the high-speed gas that flows out central nozzle outlet 36 fails to be convened for lack of a quorum and carries close outer nozzle outlet 38 secretly, formation " phase I " mixes before these logistics flow out by spray orifice 40.The structure of design outer nozzle spray orifice, angle etc. all are designed to obtain best " second stage mixing " in furnace atmosphere.A large amount of furnace gases 42 are carried secretly to carry out second stage to be diluted, thereby thereby reduces the discharge capacity that the flame peak temperature reduces NOx.
Fig. 4 has described a kind of liquid fuel (F-F) segmental structure.In this embodiment, before high pressure (and high C/H than) liquid fuel (as fuel oil, diesel oil, heavy oil, discarded liquid fuel etc.) is ejected in the furnace atmosphere with further dilution, with low-pressure fuel gas with it dilution.For example, heavy oil can atomize with atomizing fluids such as water vapour, uses the low-pressure fuel gas dilution subsequently, makes the stove internal combustion can not produce carbon black.This embodiment can also reduce the discharge capacity of NOx because of peak flame temperature is lower.
Among Fig. 4, X is the distance that outer nozzle 34 exports between the back sides that is exported to from central nozzle 32.D
cBe the flow region-equivalent diameter of central nozzle outlet, i.e. total flow region of central nozzle outlet equals with D
cCircle for diameter.D
eBe the flow region-equivalent diameter of outer nozzle, promptly total flow region of this nozzle exit equals with D
eCircle for diameter.
The embodiment of two other (F-F) fuel segmentation is shown in Fig. 5 A and 5B.In Fig. 5 A, the reciprocation of strong jet-weak jet takes place between high pressure refinery fuel gas and low-pressure fuel gas.High pressure refinery fuel gas sprays in high-pressure nozzle 52 along preferred orientations with high speed (about 900-1400 feet per second), and the low-pressure fuel gas that sprays in low pressure jet pipe 54 is carried secretly by this high pressure refinery fuel gas.
In Fig. 5 B, use fuel swirl device 56 to make high pressure refinery fuel gas in central spray gun 32, eddy flow take place, this low-pressure fuel gas is entrained in the zone that subsides (middle section) of high-speed rotational.Before this made and leaves outer nozzle 34 at high pressure refinery fuel gas and low-pressure fuel gas, enters the stove (not shown), the two can mix well, and can also dilution take place to replenish with furnace gas 42 in stove.This method is more favourable to the application of shorter flame shape of needs or less combustion space.
(F-F) the segmentation meeting is applied in the steam methane reformer (SMR), and wherein this high pressure fuel gas generally is to supply with natural gas or refinery's waste gas, and these fuel are classified as adjustment fuel usually.According to Fig. 6, high pressure fuel gas sprays in central nozzle 32.The low-pressure fuel gas that sprays in the annular region 33 between central nozzle 32 and the outer nozzle 34 normally clean waste discharge of PSA (transformation absorption) waste gas or PSA flows, this waste discharge stream contains CO2 (～45%), hydrogen (～30%), methane (～15%) and CO (～10%), and its fuel index is about 0.64.After the hydrogen product was separated, PSA waste gas infiltrated from absorbent bed.For the reformer that typically has the PSA that is used for the hydrogen separation, high pressure is adjusted the 10%-30% that fuel accounts for gross energy.
Second advantage of this segment applications is to promote PSA to reclaim by enlarging PSA pressure cycle scope, particularly its low side.With reference to figure 7, this realizes by form low-pressure area in outer nozzle 34.High speed shown in Figure 7 central authorities jet forms the area of low pressure around the jet main body, move slower low-pressure fuel gas and be moved central faster jet and carry secretly around this jet main body.Because the process of effectively carrying secretly takes place, the supply pressure of low-pressure fuel gas reduces, to keep identical fuel flow rate.
In a laboratory combustion test, the supply pressure of low pressure PSA waste gas is reduced to 1.6psig (having reduced by 20%) from 2psig.This realizes by spraying this high pressure fuel gas with 25psig (1300 feet per second speed).Burning capacity between high pressure fuel gas and the low-pressure fuel gas was respectively 30: 70.
In order to determine that further (F-F) divides the details of segment process, is considered as using low-NOx combustor to obtain laboratory test results.This burner has 10 fuel nozzles, and being distributed in diameter is 18 " circumference on.In these 10 fuel nozzles, for (F-F) type segmental structure keeps two jet pipes.Jet pipe has special fuel nozzle and a plurality of groove (zip mode nozzle 74) of dispersing to promote passive mixing.The schematic diagram of (F-F) fuel segmental structure of use zip mode nozzle 74 as shown in Figure 7.This burner is defined as using 664 air preheats, burning velocity to be 8MM Btu/hr, and is designed to use two class A fuel As.Being described in detail as follows of this two class A fuel A:
High pressure refinery fuel gas: H
2(18%), natural gas (44%) and ethene (38%).The fuel index of this fuel is 1.43, accounts for 30% of gross energy input.
Low-pressure fuel gas: CO
2(52%), natural gas (18%) and H
2(30).Its fuel index is 0.57, accounts for 70% of gross energy input.
With reference to structure shown in Figure 7, high pressure fuel gas is to spray in the central nozzle of being made by standard pipe 32, and this standard pipe is diameter 3/8 " * wall thickness 0.035 ", is placed in one heart by 3/4 " in outer spray gun 34 pipes that the sch40 pipe is made.Zip mode nozzle 74 is installed in the end of this pipe.Shown in Fig. 8 A-8D, the equivalent diameter of zip mode nozzle is 0.51 ", and have four vertical channel and a level trough.The angle of divergence of vertical channel (α 1 and α 2) is respectively 18 ° and 6 °, and axially zipper jet pipe structure of nozzle is as follows: 1) intersecting plane between contiguous basic configuration has a series of vertical stratifications; 2) the mobile downstream instability that causes; And 3) high-level molecule (small-sized) taking place between first fluid (fuel) and second fluid (furnace gas) mixes.Above-mentioned mixing also can take place in the shortest axial distance.The low-NOx combustor laboratory experiment of implementing with jet pipe shown in Figure 7 formula structure in jet pipe shows, the rapid axial mixing taken place, furnace gas takes place to carry secretly in a large number with 7 ° divergence angle beta.
The whole fluid technology of carrying out according to structure shown in Figure 7 makes that carrying out more uniform heat to load transmits, and fuel pressure when being lower than 2psig NOx and CO discharge capacity ultralow (＜15ppmv).Find that also do not carry out jet pipe formula technology in jet pipe, the fuel combustion meeting of high pressure, high C/H ratio produces tangible rich carbon black flame.And the discharge capacity of NOx is up to 25-30ppm.This experimental results show that F-F divides segment process can significantly reduce the discharge capacity of NOx.Use inert gas, F-1 divides segment process that discharge capacity is even lower.
No matter when jet pipe formula in jet pipe is divided segment process to be used to contain butane (C up to 50%
4H
10) refinery's fuel, can both find in the stove of laboratory that clear evidence shows mix to strengthen.Find that independent flame mixes sooner with furnace gas, and produce the burning of large-scale or nonflame.On the other hand, use the simple jet pipe with cylindrical jet pipe spray gun can produce more obviously (bluish), long flame, this explanation furnace gas dilutes and mixes relatively poorly, simultaneously, under given fuel supply pressure, also can produce the NOx and the CO of higher amount.
Table II has provided preferred burn scope, size, dimensionless factor and the spray angle of jet pipe formula e structure in jet pipe of the present invention's proposition.Simple ring pipe is used for high pressure refinery fuel, and the zip mode nozzle is used for low pressure PSA waste gas fuel.These jet pipes are critical components of low-NOx combustor, and this is because the reliability of burner performance directly influences the steam performance of steam methane reformer.Table II: the dimensional parameters of jet pipe formula fuel segmentation nozzle in jet pipe
| Low pressure zip mode nozzle | The high pressure cylindrical spout | ||||||||
| (H) | (W) | (R 0/R 1) | (H/R 0) | (α1，α2) | (β) | L/D e | ??D c | ??X/D c | |
| Burner combustion ability (MMBtu/Hr) | Groove height (In) | Groove width (In) | The concentricity diameter ratio of groove tip radius | The groove height is with the ratio of radius of corner | The axial angle of divergence (°) | Radially the angle of divergence (°) | Zip mode nozzle thickness is with equivalent diameter ratio | Pipe diameter (inch) | Distance behind the zip mode nozzle entrance |
| ??8 | (1/32-1) | (1/4-2) | ????1.6 ????(1-3) | ????3.7 ????(2-6) | 15 (0-30) | 7 (0-30) | 0.625 (0.05-3) | ??0.305 ??(1/16-2) | ??4 ??(2-20) |
| ??5.2 | (1/32-1) | (1/4-2) | ????1.6 ????(1-3) | ????3.7 ????(2-6) | 15 (0-30) | 7 (0-30) | 0.625 (0.05-3) | ??0.277 ??(1/16-2) | ??4 ??(2-10) |
Above-mentioned size range is all effective to pluralities of fuel, as natural gas, propane, refinery's waste gas, low BTU fuel etc.Based on fuel composition, the obtainable supply pressure of flowing velocity (or burning velocity) and burner inlet place come optimally to determine the jet pipe size.In Table II, size, ratio and scope are 2-10MM Btu/Hr estimation with burner combustion speed.But, for the higher burner of burning velocity (＞10MMBtu/Hr), use to keep the standard engineering practice of similar flowing velocity scope, these sizes and scope can be scaled up.
II. with inert gas with fuel segmentation (F-I):
This use high-pressure inert gas carries out as the improved fuel segmentation technology utilization low-pressure fuel gas of water vapour (dry or saturated), CO2, flue gas, nitrogen or other inert gas, to reduce the NOx discharging.Operable segmentation fuel includes but are not limited to: natural gas, low BTU working gas (by hydrogen and other refinery's fuel composition) and PSA waste gas.Similar shown in nozzle arrangements same Fig. 3-7.The main purpose of this technology is further to reduce the NOx discharging.Embodiment preferred as shown in Figure 9.
With reference to Fig. 9, the saturated or dry water vapour of high pressure (30-100psig) passes through central nozzle 32 with the speed of about 900-1400 feet per second, and low-pressure fuel gas transmits by the annular region between central nozzle 32 and the outer nozzle 34 33.High velocity vapor jet 92 is carried fuel gas secretly, thereby carries out phase I dilution (and mixing) in annular region.The mixture of gained passes through zip mode nozzle 74 subsequently, flows out with high speed (about 600-1400 feet per second), thereby (not shown) uses the furnace gas (not shown) to carry out the second stage mixing in stove.Carry loop secretly because the independent flame that vapor (steam) velocity is high and the zip mode nozzle forms forms, make that the second stage mixing is very effective.Because zip mode nozzle arrangements and the booster action that steam is arranged, fuel dilution improves.The flame peak temperature further reduces, and has reached ultralow NOx discharge capacity.Table III provides the estimated value of steam consumption in the large-scale steam methane reformer stove.
Table III: the steam consumption economic conditions that (F-I) that uses the present invention to propose divides segment process
| The steam jet velocity | Lb_stm/lb fuel | ????0.02 | ????0.05 |
| Burning velocity | ????mmbtu/hrLHV | ????850 | ????850 |
| Fuel value | ????btu/scf，LHV | ????1000 | ????1000 |
| Fuel cost | ????$/mmbtu，LHV | ????6 | ????6 |
| The fuel molecule amount | ????18 | ????18 | |
| Required steam | ????lb/hr ????mmscfd | ????806 ????0.408 | ????2016 ????1.02 |
| Under 100psia and 400F, from the water of 60F, produce the required energy of steam | ????btu/scf ????btu/lb | ????57.1 ????1203.2 | ????57.1 ????12032 |
| Steam cost | $/sky $/year | ????140 ????50992 | ????349 ????127480 |
As shown in Table III, owing to used the fuel segmentation method of the uniqueness of inert gas such as water vapour, the required quantity of steam of fuel dilution is extremely low.Compare with low-pressure fuel, (F-I) the required quantity of steam of segmentation is about 2%-10%lb/lb of required low-pressure fuel.High velocity vapor is used for two sections dilution techniques: 1) use steam and low-pressure fuel gas and 2 in jet pipe) in furnace inner space, use high velocity fuel-vapour mixture and furnace gas.
To simply have nozzle structure (only with zip mode or cylindrical spout rather than with jet pipe formula setting in jet pipe) now and compare, show that the laboratory experiment that uses inert gas such as nitrogen to carry out can reduce the NOx of about 30%-40% with the jet pipe formula structure in jet pipe among Fig. 9.For example, use low-NOx combustor, the combustion air with the burning velocity of 5MM btu/Hr, around utilizing, the temperature of operation, stove waste gas is 2000 °F, uses the flow of nitrogen gas speed of 10% weight basis under 1600 mean temperature,, the 10ppm of the discharge capacity of NOx when the center does not have inert gas is (with O
2Being 3% conversion) about 7ppm when the center of being reduced to has nitrogen is (with O
2Be 3% conversion).
In each above-mentioned embodiment, the obtained good result of the present invention is left two differences that exist between the logistics of two pipelines to drive.First difference is that the thermodynamic state of each logistics there are differences, and the fuel index that second difference is each logistics there are differences.Particularly, mix gesture in order to make to exist between two logistics that flow out two pipelines, must there be difference in the thermodynamic state of these two kinds of logistics, must differ at least 0.1 between the fuel index of these two kinds of logistics, and preferably at least 0.2, could effectively reduce NOx.
In described in the accompanying drawing and the above-mentioned embodiment, the difference between the thermodynamic state of two kinds of logistics is represented (that is, at ducted " high pressure " fluid, and at another ducted " low pressure " fluid) with pressure reduction.But those of ordinary skills will understand, and the difference of thermodynamic state also can be represented and because of they obtain with following factors: speed, temperature, concentration, composition, volume fraction, flowing velocity, current potential etc. poor.
Therefore, the present invention includes many other embodiments and change thereof, and these do not illustrate in the drawings or put down in writing in detailed Description Of The Invention.But in the claim that these embodiments and change drop on subsequently and the protection domain of corresponding term thereof.
Those of ordinary skills will understand, shown in the accompanying drawing with detailed Description Of The Invention in the embodiment put down in writing and change whole possible schemes of the present invention openly not, the scheme that other are also arranged is feasible.Therefore, all this schemes are all among expectation of the present invention, also in protection scope of the present invention.For example, in each embodiment described in Fig. 3-7 and 9, low pressure streams and high pressure logistics can be changed (promptly this low pressure jet pipe can be an inner nozzle, and this high-pressure nozzle can be an outer nozzle) mutually.
Except reducing the NOx discharge capacity, the present invention also has other advantage and benefit, will describe a part wherein below:
The fuel segmentation method that the present invention proposes can make nozzle because of (F-F) segmentation or (F-I) effectively cooling of segmentation.Because fuel nozzle has bigger jet expansion zone, so high velocity fuel gas or inertia stream that the jet pipe nozzle can be flowed out effectively cool off.This compares with existing round nozzle has marked improvement.
Effect is weak, operating temperature is higher owing to carry secretly, and existing nozzle uses high C/H can bring serious maintenance problem and carbon black blockage problem than fuel.By contrast, the present invention has following advantage:
-the coking tendency reduces when using the fuel of high carbon content
-can use less flowing velocity or the higher fuel of calorific value
-can use more cheap fuel nozzle material (stainless steel 304 or 310 can be competent at)
The refinery's stove that contains the fuel of C1-C4 hydro carbons for a lot of uses, thermal cracking are major consideration.The carbon of finding cracking can stop up combustor nozzle, cause combustor component overheated, reduce productivity ratio, cause the thermal efficiency very poor.Therefore, concerning the refinery operator, maintenance-free operation is a very important advantage (using F-F or F-I segmentation).
Although be described and describe according to specific embodiment herein, the present invention does not really want to be limited to described situation.On the contrary, in the scope and leeway of the corresponding term of claim, under the situation that does not break away from spirit of the present invention, can make multiple improvement in detail.
Claims (22)
1. one kind is diluted the method that fuel reduces discharged nitrous oxides by the fuel segmentation, comprises the steps:
The fuel dilution device is provided, and it comprises
Have the inlet and first pipeline of the outlet that separates with inlet, this first pipeline be used to carry with first thermodynamic state and the first fuel index flow to inlet and flow out outlet fuel stream and
Second pipeline with import and the outlet that separates with import, this second pipeline is used to carry the fluid stream that flows to import and outflow outlet with second thermodynamic state and the second fuel index, the second fuel index differs at least about 0.1 with the first fuel index, and second thermodynamic state different with first thermodynamic state, the trend of thus can existence between the fuel stream that flows out first pipe outlet and the fluid stream that flows out the outlet of second row of conduits mixing;
Supply with fuel stream to the inlet of first pipeline, described fuel stream flows out the outlet of first pipeline with first thermodynamic state and the first fuel index;
Supply with fluid stream to the import of second pipeline, described fluid flows the outlet that flows out second pipeline with second thermodynamic state and the second fuel index,
Thus, in position near outlet and outlet, at least a portion that the fuel that flows out from first pipe outlet flows is mixed with at least a portion of the fluid stream that flows out from the outlet of second row of conduits, thereby produce at least a dilution fuel stream, its fuel index is between the first fuel exponential sum, the second fuel index;
Oxidizer source is provided; And
The part of oxidant is flowed, maybe should dilute at least a portion burning at least a in the fuel stream with this fuel stream or this fluid, thereby produce the gas that amount of nitrogen oxides reduces, it is with respect to using for the higher amount of nitrogen oxides that the method combustion fuel this fuel dilution device is produced that described amount of nitrogen oxides reduces.
2. the method for claim 1, wherein said fluid is a fuel.
3. the method for claim 1, wherein said fluid is selected from water vapour, flue gas, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon, helium, xenon, krypton, other inert fluid and composition thereof or combination.
4. the method for claim 1, wherein contiguous second pipeline of first pipeline.
5. the method for claim 1, wherein the essential part of at least the second pipeline is placed in first pipeline.
6. the method for claim 1 further comprises the steps:
Provide and be placed in the second ducted cyclone; And
Carry at least a portion fluid stream by this cyclone, thereby make at least a portion generation eddy flow in the fluid that flows out second pipeline.
7. the method for claim 1 further comprises the steps:
The zip mode jet pipe that can realize the fluid transmission with first pipe outlet is provided;
Carry at least a portion dilution fuel stream by this zip mode jet pipe.
8. the method for claim 1, wherein second pipeline has equivalent diameter (D
c), the outlet of second pipeline is positioned at the segment distance behind first pipe outlet, and described distance is about (2 * D
c)-Yue (20 * D
c).
9. the method for claim 1 further comprises step: settle this fuel dilution device in the fluid passage that has the stove that contains a large amount of furnace gases, thereby make at least a portion in this furnace gas mix with at least a portion in this dilution fuel stream.
10. one kind is diluted the method that fuel reduces discharged nitrous oxides by the fuel segmentation, comprises the steps:
The fuel dilution device is provided, and this device comprises
First pipeline with inlet and the outlet that separates with inlet, this first pipeline are used to carry the fuel stream that flows to inlet and outflow outlet with first pressure, first speed and the first fuel index;
Second pipeline with import and the outlet that separates with import, this second pipeline is used to carry the fluid stream that flows to import and outflow outlet with second pressure, second speed and the second fuel index, the second fuel index differs at least about 0.1 with the first fuel index, and second in pressure and the second speed at least one different with in first pressure and first speed at least one, thereby the trend of can existence between the fuel stream that flows out first pipe outlet and the fluid stream that flows out the outlet of second row of conduits mixing;
Supply with this fuel stream to the inlet of first pipeline, described fuel stream flows out the outlet of first pipeline with first pressure, first speed and the first fuel index;
Supply with this fluid stream to the import of second pipeline, described fluid flows the outlet that flows out second pipeline with second pressure, second speed and the second fuel index,
Thus, in position near described outlet and outlet, at least a portion that the fuel that flows out from first pipe outlet flows is mixed with at least a portion of the fluid stream that flows out from the outlet of second row of conduits, thereby produce at least a dilution fuel stream, its fuel index is between the first fuel exponential sum, the second fuel index;
Oxidizer source is provided;
The part of oxidant is flowed, maybe should dilute at least a portion burning at least a in the fuel stream with this fuel stream or this fluid, thereby produce the gas that amount of nitrogen oxides reduces, it is with respect to using for the higher amount of nitrogen oxides that the method combustion fuel this fuel dilution device is produced that described nitrogen oxide reduces.
11. one kind is diluted the fuel dilution device that fuel reduces discharged nitrous oxides by the fuel segmentation, comprises
First pipeline with inlet and the outlet that separates with inlet, this first pipeline are used to carry the fuel stream that flows to inlet and outflow outlet with first thermodynamic state and the first fuel index; With
Second pipeline with import and the outlet that separates with import, this second pipeline is used to carry the fluid stream that flows to import and outflow outlet with second thermodynamic state and the second fuel index, the second fuel index differs at least about 0.1 with the first fuel index, and second thermodynamic state different with first thermodynamic state, between the fuel stream that flows out first pipe outlet is with the fluid stream that flows out the outlet of second row of conduits, can have the trend of mixing thus;
Thus, in position near described outlet and outlet, at least a portion that the fuel that flows out from first pipe outlet flows is mixed with at least a portion of the fluid stream that flows out from the outlet of second row of conduits, thereby produce at least a dilution fuel stream, its fuel index is between the first fuel exponential sum, the second fuel index;
Oxidizer source; And
The part of oxidant is flowed, maybe should dilute the method for at least a portion burning at least a in the fuel stream with this fuel stream or this fluid, thereby produce the gas that amount of nitrogen oxides reduces, it is with respect to using for the higher amount of nitrogen oxides that the method combustion fuel this fuel dilution device is produced that described nitrogen oxide reduces.
12. fuel dilution device as claimed in claim 11, wherein said fluid is a fuel.
13. fuel dilution device as claimed in claim 11, wherein said fluid is selected from water vapour, flue gas, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon, helium, xenon, krypton, other inert fluid and composition thereof or combination.
14. fuel dilution device as claimed in claim 11, wherein contiguous second pipeline of first pipeline.
15. fuel dilution device as claimed in claim 11, wherein the essential part of at least the second pipeline is placed in first pipeline.
16. fuel dilution device as claimed in claim 11 further comprises cyclone, is placed in second pipeline.
17. fuel dilution device as claimed in claim 11 wherein further comprises the zip mode jet pipe in the fluid passage with first pipe outlet.
18. fuel dilution device as claimed in claim 11, wherein second pipeline has equivalent diameter (D
c), the outlet of second pipeline is positioned at the segment distance behind first pipe outlet, and described distance is about (2 * D
c) pact (a 20 * D
c).
19. fuel dilution device as claimed in claim 11, wherein this fuel dilution device in the fluid passage of the stove that contains a large amount of furnace gases, thereby make at least a portion in this furnace gas mix with at least a portion in this dilution fuel stream.
20. one kind is diluted the fuel dilution device that fuel reduces discharged nitrous oxides by the fuel segmentation, comprises
First pipeline with inlet and the outlet that separates with inlet, this first pipeline are used to carry the fuel stream that flows to inlet and outflow outlet with first pressure, first speed and the first fuel index;
Second pipe with import and the outlet that separates with import; This second pipe is for delivery of the fluid stream that flows to import and outflow outlet with the second pressure, second speed and the second fuel index; The second fuel index differs about at least 0.1 with the first fuel index; And second in pressure and the second speed at least one different from the first pressure and the First Speed at least one; Thereby between the fuel stream that flows out the first pipe outlet is with the fluid stream that flows out the second pipe outlet, can there be the trend of mixing
Thus, in position near described outlet and outlet, at least a portion that the fuel that flows out from first pipe outlet flows is mixed with at least a portion of the fluid stream that flows out from the outlet of second row of conduits, thereby produce at least a dilution fuel stream, its fuel index is between the first fuel exponential sum, the second fuel index;
Oxidizer source; And
The part of oxidant is flowed, maybe should dilute at least a portion burning at least a in the fuel stream with this fuel stream or this fluid, thereby produce the gas that amount of nitrogen oxides reduces, it is with respect to using for the higher amount of nitrogen oxides that the method combustion fuel this fuel dilution device is produced that described nitrogen oxide reduces.
21. one kind is diluted the system that fuel reduces discharged nitrous oxides by the fuel segmentation, comprising:
The fuel dilution device comprises:
Have the inlet and first pipeline of the outlet that separates with inlet, this first pipeline be used to carry with first thermodynamic state and the first fuel index flow to inlet and flow out outlet fuel stream and
Second pipeline with import and the outlet that separates with import, this second pipeline is used to carry the fluid stream that flows to import and outflow outlet with second thermodynamic state and the second fuel index, the second fuel index differs at least about 0.1 with the first fuel index, and second thermodynamic state different with first thermodynamic state, between the fuel stream that flows out first pipe outlet is with the fluid stream that flows out the outlet of second row of conduits, can have the trend of mixing thus;
Supply with the means that this fuel flows to the inlet of first pipeline, described fuel stream flows out the outlet of first pipeline with first thermodynamic state and the first fuel index;
Supply with the means that this fluid flows to the import of second pipeline, described fluid stream flows out the outlet of second pipeline with second thermodynamic state and the second fuel index;
Thus, in position near described outlet and outlet, at least a portion that the fuel that flows out from first pipe outlet flows is mixed with at least a portion of the fluid stream that flows out from the outlet of second row of conduits, thereby produce at least a dilution fuel stream, its fuel index is between the first fuel exponential sum, the second fuel index;
Oxidizer source; And
The part of oxidant is flowed, maybe should dilute the method for at least a portion burning at least a in the fuel stream with this fuel stream or this fluid, thereby produce the gas that amount of nitrogen oxides reduces, it is with respect to using for the higher amount of nitrogen oxides that the method combustion fuel this fuel dilution device is produced that described nitrogen oxide reduces.
22. one kind is diluted the system that fuel reduces discharged nitrous oxides by the fuel segmentation, comprising:
The fuel dilution device comprises
First pipeline with inlet and the outlet that separates with inlet, this first pipeline are used to carry the fuel stream that flows to inlet and outflow outlet with first pressure, first speed and the first fuel index; With
Second pipeline with import and the outlet that separates with import, this second pipeline is used to carry the fluid stream that flows to import and outflow outlet with second pressure, second speed and the second fuel index, the second fuel index differs at least about 0.1 with the first fuel index, and second in pressure and the second speed at least one different with in first pressure and first speed at least one, thereby between the fuel stream that flows out first pipe outlet is with the fluid stream that flows out the outlet of second row of conduits, can have the trend of mixing;
Supply with the means that this fuel flows to the inlet of first pipeline, described fuel stream flows out the outlet of first pipeline with first pressure, first speed and the first fuel index;
Supply with the means that this fluid flows to the import of second pipeline, described fluid flows the outlet that flows out second pipeline with second pressure, second speed and the second fuel index,
Thus, in position near described outlet and outlet, at least a portion that the fuel that flows out from first pipe outlet flows is mixed with at least a portion of the fluid stream that flows out from the outlet of second row of conduits, thereby produce at least one kind of dilution fuel stream, its fuel index is between the first fuel exponential sum, the second fuel index;
Oxidizer source; And
The part of oxidant is flowed, maybe should dilute the method for at least a portion burning at least a in the fuel stream with this fuel stream or this fluid, thereby produce the gas that amount of nitrogen oxides reduces, it is with respect to using for the higher amount of nitrogen oxides that the method combustion fuel this fuel dilution device is produced that described nitrogen oxide reduces.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US71323203A | 2003-11-14 | 2003-11-14 | |
| US10/713232 | 2003-11-14 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1616884A true CN1616884A (en) | 2005-05-18 |
| CN100356104C CN100356104C (en) | 2007-12-19 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004101005634A Active CN100356104C (en) | 2003-11-14 | 2004-11-12 | Fuel staging process for low NOx operations |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1531303B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4299225B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100738863B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100356104C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE503152T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2487146C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE602004031916D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2360589T3 (en) |
| SG (1) | SG112091A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101725975A (en) * | 2008-10-14 | 2010-06-09 | 通用电气公司 | Metering of diluent flow in combustor |
| CN105699413A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2016-06-22 | 上海交通大学 | Analog system which works in room temperature area and is used for thermodynamics exhaust system research |
| CN113503538A (en) * | 2021-07-25 | 2021-10-15 | 扬州超威燃烧器有限公司 | Carbon black tail gas low-nitrogen combustor and using method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE102004037620C5 (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2015-09-17 | Air Liquide Deutschland Gmbh | Fuel-oxygen burner with variable flame length |
| WO2007048429A1 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2007-05-03 | L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Oxygen/fuel burner with variable flame length |
| EP2815180B1 (en) | 2011-12-01 | 2018-11-21 | Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. | Staged oxy-fuel burners and methods for using the same |
| JP2016003847A (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2016-01-12 | Ｊｆｅケミカル株式会社 | Two-stage combustion method |
| CN113280354B (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2023-07-04 | 光大环境科技（中国）有限公司 | Process method for coupling high-temperature tail gas and gas into furnace in active carbon preparation process |
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| US4995807A (en) * | 1989-03-20 | 1991-02-26 | Bryan Steam Corporation | Flue gas recirculation system |
| US4946382A (en) * | 1989-05-23 | 1990-08-07 | Union Carbide Corporation | Method for combusting fuel containing bound nitrogen |
| US4988285A (en) * | 1989-08-15 | 1991-01-29 | Union Carbide Corporation | Reduced Nox combustion method |
| JP2638394B2 (en) * | 1992-06-05 | 1997-08-06 | 日本ファーネス工業株式会社 | Low NOx combustion method |
| JPH07180816A (en) * | 1993-12-22 | 1995-07-18 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | Premixing burner |
| US5601425A (en) * | 1994-06-13 | 1997-02-11 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Staged combustion for reducing nitrogen oxides |
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| US5611682A (en) * | 1995-09-05 | 1997-03-18 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Low-NOx staged combustion device for controlled radiative heating in high temperature furnaces |
| US5743723A (en) * | 1995-09-15 | 1998-04-28 | American Air Liquide, Inc. | Oxy-fuel burner having coaxial fuel and oxidant outlets |
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| FR2788110B1 (en) * | 1998-12-30 | 2001-02-16 | Air Liquide | COMBUSTION PROCESS AND ITS USES FOR THE PREPARATION OF GLASS AND METAL |
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| JP2002228122A (en) | 2001-02-05 | 2002-08-14 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Combustion device |
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-
2004
- 2004-11-08 CA CA002487146A patent/CA2487146C/en active Active
- 2004-11-09 SG SG200407155A patent/SG112091A1/en unknown
- 2004-11-12 ES ES04026942T patent/ES2360589T3/en active Active
- 2004-11-12 AT AT04026942T patent/ATE503152T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-11-12 CN CNB2004101005634A patent/CN100356104C/en active Active
- 2004-11-12 EP EP04026942A patent/EP1531303B1/en active Active
- 2004-11-12 DE DE602004031916T patent/DE602004031916D1/en active Active
- 2004-11-12 KR KR1020040092341A patent/KR100738863B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2004-11-15 JP JP2004330802A patent/JP4299225B2/en active Active
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101725975A (en) * | 2008-10-14 | 2010-06-09 | 通用电气公司 | Metering of diluent flow in combustor |
| CN105699413A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2016-06-22 | 上海交通大学 | Analog system which works in room temperature area and is used for thermodynamics exhaust system research |
| CN105699413B (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2018-06-29 | 上海交通大学 | Work in the simulation system for thermodynamics exhaust system research of room temperature warm area |
| CN113503538A (en) * | 2021-07-25 | 2021-10-15 | 扬州超威燃烧器有限公司 | Carbon black tail gas low-nitrogen combustor and using method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2487146A1 (en) | 2005-05-14 |
| KR100738863B1 (en) | 2007-07-16 |
| ES2360589T3 (en) | 2011-06-07 |
| JP4299225B2 (en) | 2009-07-22 |
| EP1531303B1 (en) | 2011-03-23 |
| KR20050046606A (en) | 2005-05-18 |
| SG112091A1 (en) | 2005-06-29 |
| DE602004031916D1 (en) | 2011-05-05 |
| CN100356104C (en) | 2007-12-19 |
| ATE503152T1 (en) | 2011-04-15 |
| EP1531303A1 (en) | 2005-05-18 |
| CA2487146C (en) | 2009-01-20 |
| JP2005147656A (en) | 2005-06-09 |
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