WO2007048429A1 - Oxygen/fuel burner with variable flame length - Google Patents

Oxygen/fuel burner with variable flame length Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007048429A1
WO2007048429A1 PCT/EP2005/011563 EP2005011563W WO2007048429A1 WO 2007048429 A1 WO2007048429 A1 WO 2007048429A1 EP 2005011563 W EP2005011563 W EP 2005011563W WO 2007048429 A1 WO2007048429 A1 WO 2007048429A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel
burner
feed
oxidizing
agent
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2005/011563
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Horst KÖDER
Original Assignee
L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude filed Critical L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude
Priority to PCT/EP2005/011563 priority Critical patent/WO2007048429A1/en
Publication of WO2007048429A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007048429A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C03B5/235—Heating the glass
    • C03B5/2353—Heating the glass by combustion with pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air, e.g. using oxy-fuel burners or oxygen lances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F23D14/24—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/32—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid using a mixture of gaseous fuel and pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/84—Flame spreading or otherwise shaping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/14—Special features of gas burners
    • F23D2900/14481—Burner nozzles incorporating flow adjusting means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an oxygen/fuel burner with variable flame length in accordance with the features of the preamble of Claim 1, and to a method for operating the burner in accordance with the features of the preamble of Claim 13.
  • Burners which are cooled by their own medium are advantageously used to melt down glass and metal; these burners burn liquid or gaseous fuel when cold or preheated air or oxygen or a gas with an oxygen content greater than that of air is supplied.
  • a burner of this type operated with liquid fuel is known, for example, from DE 101 60 325 Al.
  • This burner comprises a burner lance with a central fuel feed, which opens out into an atomizer nozzle and at which one or more air or oxygen feeds are arranged on the radially outer side.
  • the burner tip is accommodated axially displaceably in a recess in a block made from a refractory material, such as for example ceramic.
  • the flame shape can be altered to a flat flame by varying the momentum flux density ratio of fuel to oxygen or of primary fuel to secondary fuel.
  • this type of change in the flame length does not form the subject of the present invention.
  • DE 101 56 376 Al describes a combined air/oxygen burner with a swirl generator, in which the swirl intensity of the air can be altered by mechanical means.
  • the flame geometry can be influenced at any desired ratio of air to oxygen flow.
  • Drawbacks are the high pressure loss in the swirl generator, the fact that the moving burner parts are subject to wear, the high production costs and the relatively large overall size of the burner.
  • the oxygen/fuel burner with a variable flame length which is cooled by its own medium has a burner body, in which a fuel feed, which is accommodated by at least one oxidizing-agent feed, can be displaced axially into a mixing and combus- tion chamber of a burner block.
  • the tubular fuel feed which includes an outlet opening (nozzle), is accommodated, preferably set back, in the mixing and combustion chamber in the burner block.
  • the tubular oxidizing-agent feed is advantageously equipped with a device for axially and/or radially distributing the oxidizing agent.
  • the device which distributes the oxidizing agent advantageously comprises a control valve with a gearwheel drive and a distributor hand wheel.
  • the oxidizing-agent feed or fuel feed is equipped with at least one nozzle which is suitable for a variable momentum flux density ratio.
  • the oxidizing-agent feed is equipped with at least one swirl generator and with at least one nozzle which is suitable for the axial supply of oxidizing agent.
  • outflow region of the fuel feed and of the oxidizing- agent feed prefferably be arranged parallel to one another or conically narrowed at an angle of between 0° and 45°, advantageously between 0° and 2°, with respect to the burner longitudinal axis.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides for the tubular fuel feed to be designed as a fuel lance which is arranged inside the fuel feed, can be slid axi- ally into the mixing and combustion chamber of the burner block and is equipped with an outflow nozzle.
  • the oxidizing-agent feed and the fuel feed of the burner are equipped with at least one distributor valve for feeding axial and/or radial, high and/or low oxygen and fuel momentum fluxes into the burner.
  • the feed passages for the oxidizing agent and the fuel prefferably be arranged at an angle of between 0° and 45°, preferably between 0° and 2°, with respect to the burner longitudinal axis.
  • the burner block provided with a recess serving as mixing/combustion chamber comprises a block of a heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant material, preferably of ceramic, which is releasably/fixedly connected to the burner.
  • the fuel feed and oxidizing-agent feed and their feed lines consist of a heat- resistant and corrosion-resistant material, preferably of an NiCr or ODS alloy.
  • the burner according to the invention is preferably operated with a momentum flux density ratio of oxygen to fuel which is in the range from 0.0015 to 28 at a power density in the range from 0.06 to
  • oxygen or an oxygen-rich gas is fed to the burner as oxidizing agent, and natural gas or another conventional, gaseous or liquid combustible material is fed to the burner, in both instances via feeds.
  • the combustible material which flows into the centrally disposed fuel feed flows through the outlet opening (nozzle) into the recess in the burner block, which is designed as a mixing and a combustion chamber, and in this recess is at least partially burnt with the oxidizing agent flowing in through the outlet opening, de- signed as a nozzle, of the oxidizing-agent feed arranged coaxially around the central fuel feed.
  • the fuel feed which is advantageously designed as a burner lance, is arranged such that it can be displaced axially into the mixing and combustion chamber of the burner block.
  • the introduction of fuel into the cylindrical mixing and combustion chamber of the burner block is effected by means of an axially displaceable fuel pipe or by means of at least one fuel lance which is arranged axially displaceably in the fuel tube.
  • the oxidizing agent/fuel is fed to the burner with a momentum flux density ratio of oxidizing agent/fuel of from 0.1 to 10.
  • the axial or radial feed of the oxidizing agent of the burner is effected with a swirl number of between 0 and 3.
  • the fuel flows out of the outlet opening of the fuel feed into the mixing and combustion chamber of the burner block at a free jet angle of up to 19° with respect to the lance axis.
  • the change according to the invention in the mixing and combustion chamber length effected by the axially displaceable fuel tube or the variation according to the invention in the momentum flux density ratio of oxidizing agent to fuel or by the use of swirled oxidizing agent allows the parameters which characterize the combustion operation, in particular the temperature distribution in the flame, the flame shape or flame length - with an unchanged burner power - and also the pollutant emissions, to be optimally matched to the prevailing process conditions.
  • a long, low-pollutant burner flame with a relatively high level of soot particles - formed through self-carburization of the fuel - is generated by slow mixing at virtually equal momentum flux densities of fuel and oxidizing agent in the mixing and combustion chamber of the burner block.
  • the bath coverage of a melt can be kept constant by adapting the flame length, with the result that optimum introduction of energy into the material to be treated and a reduction in the thermal load on the refractory lining of the melting unit are ensured.
  • the oxygen/fuel burner according to the invention with a variable flame length can be used particularly advantageously:
  • the burner block consists of a heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant material, advantageously of ceramic, while the feeds for the oxidizing agent and the fuel consist of a heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant material, preferably of an NiCr or ODS alloy.
  • Oxidizing agents used are in particular oxygen, air or an oxygen-rich gas.
  • Suitable fuels include all conventional gaseous or liquid fuels, advantageously natural gas.
  • This burner which can be used in any conventional furnace installation, but in particular in melting furnaces, such as for example glass-melting furnaces, is of simple and therefore operationally reliable structure and can therefore be used at low cost.
  • Figure 1 diagrammatically depicts the structure of a burner according to the inven- tion with an axially displaceable fuel feed in longitudinal section.
  • Figure 2 diagrammatically depicts the structure of a burner according to the invention with an oxygen control device in longitudinal section;
  • Figure 3 diagrammatically depicts the structure of a burner according to the invention with an oxygen control device in longitudinal section, as well as a diagrammatic burner cross section A;
  • Figure 4 diagrammatically depicts the structure of a burner according to the inven- tion with a natural gas feed which is axially displaceable and conically narrowed in the outflow region and an oxygen feed which is conically narrowed, in longitudinal section;
  • Figure 5 diagrammatically depicts the structure of a burner according to the invention with a natural-gas lance which is arranged set back in the fuel feed, and a natural gas control device, in longitudinal section;
  • Figure 6 diagrammatically depicts the structure of a burner according to the invention with an oxygen control device in longitudinal section.
  • Figure 1 shows a burner with a burner body 2 which is arranged in a burner block 1 and has an oxidizing-agent feed 3 surrounding a fuel feed 4 as a concentric annu- lar gap.
  • the fuel feed 4 which includes a feed line 6 and an outflow opening 9 and is guided inside the burner block 1 by means of spacers 16 and 17, can be displaced axially into a mixing and combustion chamber 5 of the burner block 1.
  • the burner body 2 is arranged on the burner block 1 by means of a flange 19 with seal 22 and four securing points, each comprising a threaded bolt 23, a retaining part 24 and a washer with nut 21.
  • the total length 1 of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 is up to 10 times the diameter g of the mixing and combustion chamber 5, and is preferably 3.13 to 10.5 times the difference between internal diameter f of the oxi- dizing-agent feed 3 and the internal diameter d of the fuel feed 4.
  • the ratio of the diameter g of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 to the internal diameter f of the oxidizing-agent feed 3 is from 1.01 to 2.5.
  • the axial displacement of the fuel feed 4 in the mixing and combustion chamber 5 is limited by a stop ring 14 and by a stop 15 - in the direction of flow of the fuel - and by a connection piece 13 - in the direction opposite to the direction of flow of the fuel.
  • the fuel feed 4 is locked in place and the oxidizing-agent feed 3 sealed - with respect to the surrounding atmosphere - by means of the connection piece 13, a clamping ring 12 and a union nut 11.
  • the spacer with O ring 17, which is cooled by the oxidizing agent (oxygen), and the bush 18 prevent oxygen from escaping into the atmosphere surrounding the burner and therefore also prevent atmospheric nitrogen from being introduced into the combustion process, allowing low NO x values to be achieved.
  • the O ring 17 advantageously consists of a heat-resistant and oxygen-resistant elastomer, such as for example Viton or Kalrez (225-275°C).
  • the bush 18 may be designed to be cooled by the burner's own medium, namely the oxidizing agent.
  • a further possible option for effective high-temperature sealing consists in the use of a metallic expansion compensator.
  • a pressure-exerting plate 20 with compression spring 25 and a washer with nut 26 ensure that the oxi- dizing-agent feed 3 bears securely against the burner block 1, even in the event of fluctuating thermal longitudinal expansion of the oxidizing-agent feed 3, for example in the event of a change in the burner power.
  • the pressure- exerting plate 20 may be arranged directly on the burner block 1 with seal 22 by means of four securing points, comprising in each case one threaded bolt 23, one retaining part 24 and one washer with nut 21. This arrangement is advantageous if the oxidizing-agent feed 3 is passed into the mixing and combustion chamber 5.
  • the fuel which at a temperature of from 0° to 60°C and a velocity of from 3.3 to 30 m/s flows through the feed line 6 through the fuel feed 4 via the outflow opening 9 and into the mixing/combustion chamber 5 at a velocity of from 5-90 m/s is at least partially heated, mixed and burnt with the oxidizing agent (o- xygen), which flows at a temperature of from 0 to 60°C and a velocity of from 3 to 25 m/s through a feed line 7 and through the feed 3 via the outflow opening 8 at a velocity of from 5-90 m/s into the mixing and combustion chamber, and flows out of an outlet opening 10 of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 of the burner block 1 into a main combustion chamber of a furnace installation, which contains the material to be treated.
  • the oxidizing agent o- xygen
  • the oxygen and fuel which have flowed into the mixing and combustion chamber 5 can be optimally heated, mixed and burnt at the maxi- mum length 1 of the mixing and combustion chamber 5, i.e. without the fuel feed 4 having been introduced into the mixing and combustion chamber 5.
  • the flame length can be adjusted by varying the mixing and combustion chamber length; specifically, the greater the length of the mixing and combustion chamber 5, the shorter the flame length.
  • the ratio of the momentum flux densities of oxygen/fuel is advantageously from 0.1 to 10 at a power density at the outlet opening 10 of the burner block 1 of from 0.06 to 0.37 kW/mm 2 and a total momentum flux, based on the burner power, in the range from 0.8 to 6 NMW.
  • the burner illustrated in Figure 2 comprises a burner body 2 which is arranged in the burner block 1 with cylindrical mixing and combustion chamber 5 and has an axial oxidizing-agent feed 3, which surrounds a fuel feed 4 as a concentric annular gap, and a radial oxidizing-agent feed 33, which surrounds the axial oxidizing- agent feed 3 as a concentric annular gap.
  • the radial oxidizing-agent feed 33 is guided in the burner block 1 by spacers 16, 35.
  • the total length 1 of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 is up to 10 times the diameter g of the mixing and combustion chamber 5, and is advantageously from 3.13 to 10.5 times the difference between the internal diameter f of the oxidizing-agent feed 3 and the internal diameter d of the fuel feed 4.
  • the ratio of the diameter g of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 to the internal diameter f of the oxidizing-agent feed 3 is in the range from 1.01 to 2.5.
  • the fuel naturally gas
  • the fuel which flows at a temperature of from 0 to 60 0 C and a velocity of from 3.3 to 30 m/s through the feed line 6 through the fuel feed 4 via the outflow opening 9 at a velocity of from 5-90 m/s into the mixing and combustion chamber 5 is at least partially heated, mixed and burnt with the oxidizing agent, which flows at a temperature of from 0 to 60°C and a velocity of from 3 to 25 m/s through a main feed line 28, through a control valve 29 provided with a gearwheel drive, via the feed line 7 and through the oxidizing-agent feed 3 via the outflow opening 8 at a velocity of from 5-90 m/s into the mixing and combustion chamber 5, and flows out of the outlet opening 10 of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 of the burner block 1 into a combustion chamber of a furnace installa- tion
  • the oxidizing agent which passes through the main feed line 28 at a temperature of from 0° to 60°C and a velocity of from 3 to 25 m/s, via a control valve 30 provided with a gearwheel drive, through a feed line 32 via the oxidizing-agent feed 33 and emerges radially through oxidizing-agent nozzles 34 at a velocity of from 5 to 350 m/s, swirls up the oxidizing- agent streams emerging at the outflow opening 8.
  • the mixing of the oxidizing agent with the fuel can be controlled in such a way, as a function of the swirling of the oxidizing agent, that by closing the control valve 29 it is possible to adjust the supply of axial oxidizing agent, and by simultaneously opening the control valve 30 provided with a distributor hand wheel with toothed ring 31, it is possible to adjust the supply of radial oxidizing agent, allowing a continuously variable shortening of the flame to be set.
  • the oxidizing agent which flows out of the outflow opening 9 of the fuel feed 4 may have a swirl number of between 0 and 3.
  • the number of oxidizing-agent nozzles 34 arranged tangentially in the oxidizing-agent feed 33 is from 1 to 20.
  • the distance between the oxidizing-agent nozzles 34 and the outflow opening 8 of the oxidizing-agent feed 3 is from 1 to 10 times their diameter.
  • the ratio of the momentum flux densities of oxidizing agent/fuel is from 0.1 to 10 times at a power density of from 0.06 to 0.37 kW/mm 2 at the outlet opening 10 of the burner block 1 and a total momentum flux, based on the burner power, of from 0.8 to 6 NMW.
  • the burner illustrated in Figure 3 shows a burner body 2, which is arranged in a burner block 1 equipped with a cylindrical mixing and combustion chamber 5 and has an oxidizing-agent feed 3 surrounding the fuel feed 4 as a concentric annular gap. From 3 to at most 12 oxidizing-agent lances 37, each with a nozzle 38 having a diameter c, arranged by means of spacers 27 on a pitch circle of diameter n, are located in the annular gap between the oxidizing-agent feed 3, which is positioned by spacer 16 with respect to the burner block 1, and the foel feed 4.
  • the mixing length m is up to 10 times the difference between the internal diameter f of the oxidizing-agent feed 3 and the internal diameter d of the fuel feed 4, and is advantageously up to 3.15 times the quotient formed from the difference between the internal diameter f of the oxidizing-agent feed 3 and the internal diameter d of the fuel feed 4 and the difference between 2 and the internal diameter c of the oxidizing-agent nozzle 38 (f-d/2-c).
  • the pitch circle n of the nozzles 38 is located in the region of the internal diameter d of the fuel feed 4 and the internal diameter f of the oxidizing-agent feed 3.
  • the oxidizing-agent feed 3 is guided in the burner block 1 by spacers 16.
  • the total length 1 of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 is up to 10 times the diameter g of the mixing and combustion chamber 5, and is advantageously from 3.13 to 10.5 times the difference between the internal diameter f of the oxidizing-agent feed 3 and the internal diameter d of the fuel feed 4.
  • the ratio of the diameter g of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 to the internal diameter f of the oxidizing-agent feed 3 is in the range from 1.01 to 2.5.
  • the fuel (natural gas), which flows at a temperature of from 0° to 60°C and a velocity of from 3.3 to 30 m/s via the feed line 6 through the fuel feed 4, through the outflow opening 9, at a velocity of from 5-90 m/s into the mixing and combustion chamber 5, is at least partially heated, mixed and burnt with the oxidizing agent, which flows as a momentum flux at a temperature of from 0° to 60°C and a velocity of from 3 to 25 m/s via the main feed line 28 through the distributor valve 36 via the feed line 7 and through the oxidizing-agent feed 3 via the outflow opening 8 at a velocity of from 5-90 m/s into the mixing and combustion chamber 5, and flows out of the outlet opening 10 of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 of the burner block 1 into a main combustion chamber of a furnace installation, which contains the material to be treated.
  • the oxidizing agent which emerges in the axial direction at a temperature of from 0° to 60 0 C and a velocity of from 3 to 25 m/s through the main feed line 28 via the feed line 32 through a distributor chamber 39 via the oxidizing-agent lances 37 and the at least one nozzle 38 thereof at a velocity of from 5 to 350 m/s or several times the speed of sound, increases the momentum of the oxidizing-agent flow at the outflow opening 8.
  • the minimum number of nozzles 38 of the oxidizing-agent lances 37 running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the burner is 1.
  • the maximum number of nozzles 38 can be calculated from the quotient formed from 3.14 times the internal diameter f of the oxidizing- agent feed 3 and internal diameter c of the nozzles 38. It is advantageous to use from 3 to 8 nozzles 38.
  • the ratio of the momentum flux densities of oxidizing a- gent (oxygen) and fuel (natural gas) is from 0.1 to 28 at a power density of from 0.06 to 0.37 kW/mm 2 at the outlet opening 10 and a total momentum flux, based on the burner power, of from 0.8 to 57 NMW.
  • Figure 4 shows a burner body 2, which is arranged in a burner block 1 provided with a cylindrical mixing and combustion chamber 5 and has an oxidizing-agent feed 3 surrounding a fuel feed 4 in the form of a concentric annular gap.
  • the fuel feed 4 is guided in the burner block 1 by means of spacers 16 and 17.
  • the burner body 2 is secured to the burner block 1 by means of a flange 19 with seal 22 and four securing points, each comprising a threaded bolt 23, a retaining part 24 and a washer with nut 21.
  • the spacer with O ring 17, which is cooled by the oxidizing agent, and the bush 18 prevent the oxidizing agent from escaping into the environment surrounding the burner and therefore ensure that the mixing and combustion chamber 5 is sealed off with respect to the atmosphere surrounding the burner.
  • the O ring 17 consists, for example, of a heat-resistant and oxygen-resistant elastomer, such as for example Viton or Kalrez (225-275°C).
  • the bush 18 may preferably be designed to be cooled by its own medium, the oxidizing agent.
  • a further possibility for effective high-temperature sealing consists in the use of a metallic expan- sion compensator.
  • the pressure-exerting plate 20 with compression spring 25 and washer with nut 26 ensure that the oxidizing-agent feed 3 bears securely against the burner block 1 in the event of fluctuating thermal longitudinal expansion of the oxidizing-agent feed 3, for example in the event of a change in the burner power.
  • the pressure-exerting plate 20 may be arranged directly on the burner block 1 with seal 22, for example by means of four securing points each comprising a threaded bolt 23, a retaining part 24 and a washer with nut 21. This arrangement is advantageous if the oxidizing-agent feed 3 is designed in such a way that it can expand without obstacle into the mixing and combustion chamber 5.
  • the advantageously tubular fuel feed 4, which is provided with a feed line 6, spacers 27 and an outflow opening 9, is axially displaceable over a length k (max. k l) within the mixing and combustion chamber 5, which has a total length 1, of the burner block 1.
  • the total length 1 of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 is up to 10 times the diameter g of the mixing and combustion chamber (5), and is advantageously from 3.13 to 10.5 times the difference between the internal diame- ter f of the oxidizing-agent feed 4 and the internal diameter d of the fuel feed 4.
  • the ratio of the diameter g of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 to the internal diameter f of the oxidizing-agent feed 3 is from 1.01 to 2.5.
  • the axial displacement of the fuel feed 4 is limited - in the direction of flow of fuel - by a stop ring 14 by means of the stop 15 and - in the direction opposite to the direction of flow of the fuel - by the connection piece 13.
  • the locking of the fuel feed 4 and the sealing of the oxidizing-agent feed 3 with respect to the atmosphere surrounding the burner are ensured by the connection piece 13, the clamping ring 12 and the union nut 11.
  • the fuel which flows at a temperature of from 0° to 60 0 C and a velocity of from 3.3 to 30 m/s via the feed line 6 through the fuel feed 4 and via a conically narrowed tube at an angle b of between 0° and 45°, preferably between 0° and 2°, and via the outflow opening 9 at a velocity of 5-90 m/s into the mixing and combustion chamber 5 of the burner block 1, is at least partially heated, mixed and burnt with the oxidizing agent, which flows at a temperature of from 0° to 6O 0 C and at a velocity of from 3 to 25 m/s through the feed line 7 via the oxidizing-agent feed 3 through a conically narrowed tube at an angle a of between 0° and 45°, preferably between 0° and 2°, and via the outflow opening 8 at a velocity of from 5-90 m/s into the mixing and combustion chamber 5, and flows out of the outlet opening 10 of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 of the burner block 1 into a main combustion chamber
  • the oxidizing agent oxygen
  • the fuel natural gas
  • the ratio of the momentum flux densities of oxidizing agent (oxygen) and fuel (natural gas) is from 0.1 to 10 at a power density at the outlet opening 10 of the burner block 1 of from 0.06 to 0.37 kW/mm 2 and a total momentum flux, based on the burner power, of from 0.8 to 6 N/MW.
  • Figure 5 shows a burner with a burner body 2, which is arranged in a burner block 1 provided with a cylindrical mixing and combustion chamber 5 and has an oxidiz- ing-agent feed 3, which is guided in the burner block 1 by way of spacers 16, 17 and surrounds a fuel feed 4 as a concentric annular gap.
  • a fuel lance 43 which is guided centrally within the fuel feed 4 by means of spacer 40, is arranged axially displaceably in the fuel feed 4, which is arranged on the burner longitudinal axis.
  • the locking of the fuel lance 43 and the sealing of the fuel feed 4 with respect to environmental influences are effected by means of the union nut 11, the clamping ring 12 and the connection piece 13.
  • the burner body 2 is advantageously arranged on the burner block 1 by means of flange 19, the seal 22 and four securing points, each comprising a threaded bolt 23, a retaining part 24 and a washer with nut 21.
  • the O ring advantageously consists of a heat-resistant and oxygen-resistant elastomer, such as for example Viton or Kalrez (225-275°C).
  • the bush 18 may be " designed to be cooled by its own medium, by the oxidizing agent.
  • a further possible option for an effective high-temperature seal consists in the use of a metallic expansion compensator.
  • the pressure-exerting plate 20 with compression spring 25 and washer with nut 26 ensure that the oxidizing-agent feed 3 bears securely against the burner block 1 in the event of fluctuating thermal longitudinal expansion of the oxidizing-agent feed 3, e.g. in the event of changes in the burner power.
  • the pressure- exerting plate 20 may be arranged directly on the burner block 1 with seal 22 by means of four securing points, each comprising a threaded bolt 23, a retaining part 24 and a washer with nut 21. This form of securing is advantageous if the oxidiz- ing-agent feed 3 continues into the mixing and combustion chamber 5 of the burner block 1.
  • the advantageously tubular fuel lance 43 which is arranged set back in the fuel feed 4 and with its nozzle 41 in the direction of the outflow opening 9 and is provided with a feed line 42 and spacers 40, can be displaced axially over a variable length e in the fuel feed 4.
  • the variable length e may amount to up to 10 times the internal diameter of the fuel feed 4, and is preferably from 3.13 to 10.5 times the difference between the internal diameter d of the fuel feed 4 and the internal diameter o of the fuel lance 43. It is also possible for the fuel lance 43 to be displaced in the mixing and combustion chamber 5 from the outflow opening 9 of the fuel feed 4 to the outlet opening 10 of the burner block 1, i.e. over the total length 1 of the mixing and combustion chamber 5.
  • the total length 1 of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 is up to 10 times the diameter g of the mixing and combustion chamber 5, and is advantageously from 3.13 to 10.5 times the differ- ence between the internal diameter f of the oxidizing-agent feed 3 and the internal diameter d of the fuel feed 4.
  • the ratio of the diameter of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 to the internal diameter f of the oxidizing-agent feed 3 is in the range from 1.01 to 2.5.
  • the fuel (natural gas with a low momentum), which flows at a temperature of from 0° to 60°C and a velocity of from 3.3 to 30 m/s via a main feed line 44 through a distributor valve 45, via the feed line 6 and through the fuel feed 4 and via the outflow opening 9 at a velocity of from 5-90 m/s into the mixing and combustion chamber 5, is at least partially heated, mixed and burnt with the oxidizing agent (oxygen), which flows at a temperature of from 0° to 6O 0 C and a velocity of from 3 to 25 m/s via the feed line 7 and the oxidizing-agent feed 3 and via the outflow opening 8 at a velocity of from 5-90 m/s into the mixing and combustion chamber 5, and flows out of the outlet opening 10 of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 of the burner block 1 into a main combustion chamber of a furnace installation, which contains the material to be treated.
  • the oxidizing agent oxygen
  • a further fuel (natural gas with a high momentum), which flows at a temperature of from 0° to 60 0 C and a velocity of from 3 to 30 m/s via the main feed line 44 through a feed line 42 via the fuel lance 43 and through the nozzle 41 of the latter at a velocity of from 5 to 500 m/s or several times the speed of sound into the mixing and combustion chamber 5, increases the momentum of the fuel flow at the outflow opening 9 of the fuel feed 4. It has been determined that the fuel is burnt with the oxidizing a- gent to form a long burner flame if a fuel lance 43 has been slid into the mixing and combustion chamber 5 over a length e which amounts to 10 times the internal diameter d of the fuel feed 4.
  • Closing the distributor valve 45 allows the momentum flux density of the fuel to be increased, with the result that continuously variable and continuous shortening of the flame is likewise possible.
  • the oxygen/fuel momentum flux density ratio is from 0.0015 to 10, at a power density at the outlet opening 10 of the burner block 1 of from 0.06 to 0.37 kW/mm 2 and a total flux momentum, based on the burner power, of from 0.8 to 23 NMW.
  • Figure 6 shows a further embodiment of the burner, having a burner body 2, which is arranged in a burner block 1 with a cylindrical mixing and combustion chamber 5 and has an outer oxidizing-agent feed 3, which surrounds a further oxidizing- agent feed 47 as a concentric annular gap, and a fuel feed 4, which is tubular in form and is surrounded by the oxidizing-agent feed 47 as a concentric annular gap.
  • the oxidizing-agent feeds 3, 47 have spacers 48, 27. Furthermore, the oxidizing- agent feed 3 is guided in the burner block by spacer 16.
  • the total length 1 of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 is up to 10 times the diameter g of the mixing and combustion chamber 5, preferably from 3.13 to 10.5 times the difference be- tween the internal diameter f of the oxidizing-agent feed 3 and the internal diameter d of the fuel feed 4.
  • the ratio of the diameter g of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 to the internal diameter f of the oxidizing-agent feed 3 is from 1.01 to 2.5.
  • the fuel (natural gas), which flows at a temperature of from 0° to 60°C and a velocity of from 3.3 to 30 m/s via the feed line 6 through the fuel feed 4 via the outflow opening 9 of the latter at a velocity of from 5-90 m/s into the mixing and combustion chamber 5, is at least partially heated, mixed and burnt with the oxidizing agent (stream of oxygen with a low momentum), which flows at a temperature of from 0 to 6O 0 C and a velocity of from 3 to 25 m/s via the main feed line 28 through the distributor valve 36 via the feed line 7 and through the oxidizing-agent feed 3 via the outflow opening 8 at a velocity of from 5-90 m/s into the mixing and combustion chamber 5, and flows out of the outlet opening 10 of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 of the burner block 1 into a main combustion chamber of a furnace installation, which contains the material to be treated.
  • the oxidizing agent stream of oxygen with a low momentum
  • the oxidizing agent (stream of oxygen with a high momentum), which flows at a temperature of from 0° to 60°C and a velocity of from 3 to 25 m/s through the main feed line 28 via the feed line 32 through the oxidizing-agent feed 47 and through the outflow opening 46 at a velocity of from 5 to 350 m/s into the mixing and combustion chamber 5, increases the momentum flux density of the oxidizing agent. It has been found that the mixing results (oxidizing agent/fuel) can be optimized if the oxidizing agent has a higher momentum flux density than the fuel, and a continuous and continuously variable shortening of the flame length is possible by closing the distributor valve 36.
  • the oxygen/fuel momentum flux density ratio is from 0.1 to 14 at a po- was density at the outlet opening 10 of from 0.06 to 0.37 kW/mm 2 and a total momentum flux, based on the burner power, in the range from 0.8 to 28 N/MW.
  • Oxidizing agents used are in particular oxygen or an oxygen-rich gas, and the fuel used is in particular natural gas or another suitable medium.
  • the burner block consists of a heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant material, advantageously of ceramic, and the feeds for the oxidizing agent and the fuel consist of a heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant material, preferably of an NiCr or ODS alloy.
  • Oxygen/fuel momentum flux density ratio of from 0.0015 to 28, with the total momentum flux, based on the burner power, being in the range from 0.8 to 57 N/MW, at a power density at the outlet opening 10 of the burner block of from 0.06 to 0.37 kW/mm 2 ;
  • the swirled oxidizing agent has a swirl number of between 0 and 3;
  • the angle at which fuel flows into the mixing and combustion chamber 5 of the burner block 1 is preferably up to 18° with respect to the lance axis;
  • the velocity at which the oxidizing agent flows into the mixing and combustion chamber 5 of the burner block 1 is at least 5 m/s up to several times the speed of sound;
  • the velocity at which the fuel flows into the mixing and combustion chamber 5 of the burner block 1 is at least 3.3 m/s up to several times the speed of sound;
  • the temperature at which the oxidizing agent and/or the fuel flows into the mixing and combustion chamber 5 of the burner block 1 is up to approx.
  • Burner block Burner body Oxidizing-agent feed Fuel feed Mixing and combustion chamber Feed line (fuel) Feed line (oxidizing agent) Outflow opening (oxidizing agent) Outflow opening (fuel) Outlet opening ( 1 ) Union nut Clamping ring (Teflon) Connection piece Stop ring Stop Spacer (3) Spacer with O ring (3) Bush Flange Pressure-exerting plate Washer/nut Seal Threaded bolt Retaining part Compression spring Washer with nut Spacer (fuel feed) Main feed line (oxidizing agent) Control valve (oxidizing agent - axial with gearwheel drive) Control valve (oxidizing agent - radial with gearwheel drive) Distributor hand wheel with toothed ring 32 Feed line (oxidizing agent, radial)

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Abstract

The oxygen/fuel burner according to the invention with a variable flame length and having a burner body (2) with at least one oxidizing-agent feed (3) and a fuel feed (4), which is accommodated by the oxidizing-agent feed (3) and can be displaced axially into a mixing and combustion chamber (5) of a burner block (1). The burner, which is operated with a momentum flux density ratio of oxidizing agent/fuel of from 0.0015 to 28 and with an oxidizing agent with a swirl number of up to 3, can be used in an operationally reliable and inexpensive way in any conventional furnace installation, but in particular in melting furnaces, particularly advantageously in glass-melting furnaces.

Description

Oxygen/fuel burner with variable flame length
The invention relates to an oxygen/fuel burner with variable flame length in accordance with the features of the preamble of Claim 1, and to a method for operating the burner in accordance with the features of the preamble of Claim 13.
Burners which are cooled by their own medium are advantageously used to melt down glass and metal; these burners burn liquid or gaseous fuel when cold or preheated air or oxygen or a gas with an oxygen content greater than that of air is supplied.
A burner of this type operated with liquid fuel is known, for example, from DE 101 60 325 Al. This burner comprises a burner lance with a central fuel feed, which opens out into an atomizer nozzle and at which one or more air or oxygen feeds are arranged on the radially outer side. To protect the burner nozzles from thermal radiation, the burner tip is accommodated axially displaceably in a recess in a block made from a refractory material, such as for example ceramic.
In a burner of this type, the flame shape can be altered to a flat flame by varying the momentum flux density ratio of fuel to oxygen or of primary fuel to secondary fuel. However, this type of change in the flame length does not form the subject of the present invention.
Furthermore, DE 101 56 376 Al describes a combined air/oxygen burner with a swirl generator, in which the swirl intensity of the air can be altered by mechanical means. The flame geometry can be influenced at any desired ratio of air to oxygen flow. Drawbacks are the high pressure loss in the swirl generator, the fact that the moving burner parts are subject to wear, the high production costs and the relatively large overall size of the burner.
However, these known burners cannot readily be transferred to burners which are operated with a gaseous fuel, such as natural gas, and oxygen. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a burner which is operated with gaseous fuel, is suitable for forming a variable flame and, at a constant burner power, allows low-pollutant (low-NOx) combustion which is optimally matched to the process conditions.
This object is achieved by a burner having the features of Patent Claim 1 and by a method for operating the burner having the features of Patent Claim 13.
Advantageous refinements of the invention are given in the subclaims.
The oxygen/fuel burner with a variable flame length which is cooled by its own medium has a burner body, in which a fuel feed, which is accommodated by at least one oxidizing-agent feed, can be displaced axially into a mixing and combus- tion chamber of a burner block.
The tubular fuel feed, which includes an outlet opening (nozzle), is accommodated, preferably set back, in the mixing and combustion chamber in the burner block.
The tubular oxidizing-agent feed is advantageously equipped with a device for axially and/or radially distributing the oxidizing agent. The device which distributes the oxidizing agent advantageously comprises a control valve with a gearwheel drive and a distributor hand wheel.
The oxidizing-agent feed or fuel feed is equipped with at least one nozzle which is suitable for a variable momentum flux density ratio.
The oxidizing-agent feed is equipped with at least one swirl generator and with at least one nozzle which is suitable for the axial supply of oxidizing agent.
It is advantageous for the outflow region of the fuel feed and of the oxidizing- agent feed to be arranged parallel to one another or conically narrowed at an angle of between 0° and 45°, advantageously between 0° and 2°, with respect to the burner longitudinal axis.
An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides for the tubular fuel feed to be designed as a fuel lance which is arranged inside the fuel feed, can be slid axi- ally into the mixing and combustion chamber of the burner block and is equipped with an outflow nozzle.
The oxidizing-agent feed and the fuel feed of the burner are equipped with at least one distributor valve for feeding axial and/or radial, high and/or low oxygen and fuel momentum fluxes into the burner.
It is advantageous for the feed passages for the oxidizing agent and the fuel to be arranged at an angle of between 0° and 45°, preferably between 0° and 2°, with respect to the burner longitudinal axis.
The burner block provided with a recess serving as mixing/combustion chamber comprises a block of a heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant material, preferably of ceramic, which is releasably/fixedly connected to the burner.
The fuel feed and oxidizing-agent feed and their feed lines consist of a heat- resistant and corrosion-resistant material, preferably of an NiCr or ODS alloy.
If the oxidizing agent used is pure oxygen, the burner according to the invention is preferably operated with a momentum flux density ratio of oxygen to fuel which is in the range from 0.0015 to 28 at a power density in the range from 0.06 to
0.37 kW/mm2 and a power-based total momentum flux in the range from 0.8 to
57 N/MW.
According to the invention, oxygen or an oxygen-rich gas is fed to the burner as oxidizing agent, and natural gas or another conventional, gaseous or liquid combustible material is fed to the burner, in both instances via feeds. The combustible material which flows into the centrally disposed fuel feed flows through the outlet opening (nozzle) into the recess in the burner block, which is designed as a mixing and a combustion chamber, and in this recess is at least partially burnt with the oxidizing agent flowing in through the outlet opening, de- signed as a nozzle, of the oxidizing-agent feed arranged coaxially around the central fuel feed.
For this purpose, the fuel feed, which is advantageously designed as a burner lance, is arranged such that it can be displaced axially into the mixing and combustion chamber of the burner block.
The introduction of fuel into the cylindrical mixing and combustion chamber of the burner block is effected by means of an axially displaceable fuel pipe or by means of at least one fuel lance which is arranged axially displaceably in the fuel tube.
The oxidizing agent/fuel is fed to the burner with a momentum flux density ratio of oxidizing agent/fuel of from 0.1 to 10.
The axial or radial feed of the oxidizing agent of the burner is effected with a swirl number of between 0 and 3.
The fuel flows out of the outlet opening of the fuel feed into the mixing and combustion chamber of the burner block at a free jet angle of up to 19° with respect to the lance axis.
The change according to the invention in the mixing and combustion chamber length effected by the axially displaceable fuel tube or the variation according to the invention in the momentum flux density ratio of oxidizing agent to fuel or by the use of swirled oxidizing agent allows the parameters which characterize the combustion operation, in particular the temperature distribution in the flame, the flame shape or flame length - with an unchanged burner power - and also the pollutant emissions, to be optimally matched to the prevailing process conditions. A long, low-pollutant burner flame with a relatively high level of soot particles - formed through self-carburization of the fuel - is generated by slow mixing at virtually equal momentum flux densities of fuel and oxidizing agent in the mixing and combustion chamber of the burner block.
By contrast, rapid mixing - at different momentum flux densities of fuel and oxidizing agent - in the mixing and combustion chamber of the burner block generates a short, generally high-pollutant, slightly bluish burner flame with high temperature peaks in the flame.
By way of example, as a result - if the burner power changes - the bath coverage of a melt can be kept constant by adapting the flame length, with the result that optimum introduction of energy into the material to be treated and a reduction in the thermal load on the refractory lining of the melting unit are ensured.
The oxygen/fuel burner according to the invention with a variable flame length can be used particularly advantageously:
under fluctuating or varying flow conditions - in the event of a (design) change to the furnace geometry in the event of different properties of the material to be treated in the event of a variable volumetric flow of the exhaust-gas extraction in the event of fluctuating oxygen contents in the furnace space as a result of varying furnace pressure and/or the introduction of infiltrated air into the furnace space during ladle preheating in melting plants, particularly for fluctuating ladle sizes with burners arranged opposite one another in the furnace space in order to avoid flame contacts with resultant local superheating and a consequent possible drop in quality of the material being treated or damage to the refractory lining of the furnace space. The burner block consists of a heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant material, advantageously of ceramic, while the feeds for the oxidizing agent and the fuel consist of a heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant material, preferably of an NiCr or ODS alloy.
Oxidizing agents used are in particular oxygen, air or an oxygen-rich gas.
Suitable fuels include all conventional gaseous or liquid fuels, advantageously natural gas.
This burner, which can be used in any conventional furnace installation, but in particular in melting furnaces, such as for example glass-melting furnaces, is of simple and therefore operationally reliable structure and can therefore be used at low cost.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment illustrated in the drawing, in which:
Figure 1 diagrammatically depicts the structure of a burner according to the inven- tion with an axially displaceable fuel feed in longitudinal section.
Figure 2 diagrammatically depicts the structure of a burner according to the invention with an oxygen control device in longitudinal section;
Figure 3 diagrammatically depicts the structure of a burner according to the invention with an oxygen control device in longitudinal section, as well as a diagrammatic burner cross section A;
Figure 4 diagrammatically depicts the structure of a burner according to the inven- tion with a natural gas feed which is axially displaceable and conically narrowed in the outflow region and an oxygen feed which is conically narrowed, in longitudinal section; Figure 5 diagrammatically depicts the structure of a burner according to the invention with a natural-gas lance which is arranged set back in the fuel feed, and a natural gas control device, in longitudinal section;
Figure 6 diagrammatically depicts the structure of a burner according to the invention with an oxygen control device in longitudinal section.
Figure 1 shows a burner with a burner body 2 which is arranged in a burner block 1 and has an oxidizing-agent feed 3 surrounding a fuel feed 4 as a concentric annu- lar gap. The fuel feed 4, which includes a feed line 6 and an outflow opening 9 and is guided inside the burner block 1 by means of spacers 16 and 17, can be displaced axially into a mixing and combustion chamber 5 of the burner block 1. The burner body 2 is arranged on the burner block 1 by means of a flange 19 with seal 22 and four securing points, each comprising a threaded bolt 23, a retaining part 24 and a washer with nut 21. The fuel feed 4 can be axially displaced with a variable length k in the range from k=0 to k=l in the mixing and combustion chamber 5, which has a total length 1. The total length 1 of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 is up to 10 times the diameter g of the mixing and combustion chamber 5, and is preferably 3.13 to 10.5 times the difference between internal diameter f of the oxi- dizing-agent feed 3 and the internal diameter d of the fuel feed 4. The ratio of the diameter g of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 to the internal diameter f of the oxidizing-agent feed 3 is from 1.01 to 2.5.
The axial displacement of the fuel feed 4 in the mixing and combustion chamber 5 is limited by a stop ring 14 and by a stop 15 - in the direction of flow of the fuel - and by a connection piece 13 - in the direction opposite to the direction of flow of the fuel. The fuel feed 4 is locked in place and the oxidizing-agent feed 3 sealed - with respect to the surrounding atmosphere - by means of the connection piece 13, a clamping ring 12 and a union nut 11. The spacer with O ring 17, which is cooled by the oxidizing agent (oxygen), and the bush 18 prevent oxygen from escaping into the atmosphere surrounding the burner and therefore also prevent atmospheric nitrogen from being introduced into the combustion process, allowing low NOx values to be achieved. The O ring 17 advantageously consists of a heat-resistant and oxygen-resistant elastomer, such as for example Viton or Kalrez (225-275°C). The bush 18 may be designed to be cooled by the burner's own medium, namely the oxidizing agent. A further possible option for effective high-temperature sealing consists in the use of a metallic expansion compensator. A pressure-exerting plate 20 with compression spring 25 and a washer with nut 26 ensure that the oxi- dizing-agent feed 3 bears securely against the burner block 1, even in the event of fluctuating thermal longitudinal expansion of the oxidizing-agent feed 3, for example in the event of a change in the burner power. Alternatively, the pressure- exerting plate 20 may be arranged directly on the burner block 1 with seal 22 by means of four securing points, comprising in each case one threaded bolt 23, one retaining part 24 and one washer with nut 21. This arrangement is advantageous if the oxidizing-agent feed 3 is passed into the mixing and combustion chamber 5. The fuel (natural gas) which at a temperature of from 0° to 60°C and a velocity of from 3.3 to 30 m/s flows through the feed line 6 through the fuel feed 4 via the outflow opening 9 and into the mixing/combustion chamber 5 at a velocity of from 5-90 m/s is at least partially heated, mixed and burnt with the oxidizing agent (o- xygen), which flows at a temperature of from 0 to 60°C and a velocity of from 3 to 25 m/s through a feed line 7 and through the feed 3 via the outflow opening 8 at a velocity of from 5-90 m/s into the mixing and combustion chamber, and flows out of an outlet opening 10 of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 of the burner block 1 into a main combustion chamber of a furnace installation, which contains the material to be treated.
It has been discovered that the oxygen and fuel which have flowed into the mixing and combustion chamber 5 can be optimally heated, mixed and burnt at the maxi- mum length 1 of the mixing and combustion chamber 5, i.e. without the fuel feed 4 having been introduced into the mixing and combustion chamber 5.
Furthermore, it has been determined that the flame length can be adjusted by varying the mixing and combustion chamber length; specifically, the greater the length of the mixing and combustion chamber 5, the shorter the flame length.
The ratio of the momentum flux densities of oxygen/fuel is advantageously from 0.1 to 10 at a power density at the outlet opening 10 of the burner block 1 of from 0.06 to 0.37 kW/mm2 and a total momentum flux, based on the burner power, in the range from 0.8 to 6 NMW.
The burner illustrated in Figure 2 comprises a burner body 2 which is arranged in the burner block 1 with cylindrical mixing and combustion chamber 5 and has an axial oxidizing-agent feed 3, which surrounds a fuel feed 4 as a concentric annular gap, and a radial oxidizing-agent feed 33, which surrounds the axial oxidizing- agent feed 3 as a concentric annular gap. The radial oxidizing-agent feed 33 is guided in the burner block 1 by spacers 16, 35. The total length 1 of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 is up to 10 times the diameter g of the mixing and combustion chamber 5, and is advantageously from 3.13 to 10.5 times the difference between the internal diameter f of the oxidizing-agent feed 3 and the internal diameter d of the fuel feed 4. The ratio of the diameter g of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 to the internal diameter f of the oxidizing-agent feed 3 is in the range from 1.01 to 2.5. The fuel (natural gas), which flows at a temperature of from 0 to 600C and a velocity of from 3.3 to 30 m/s through the feed line 6 through the fuel feed 4 via the outflow opening 9 at a velocity of from 5-90 m/s into the mixing and combustion chamber 5 is at least partially heated, mixed and burnt with the oxidizing agent, which flows at a temperature of from 0 to 60°C and a velocity of from 3 to 25 m/s through a main feed line 28, through a control valve 29 provided with a gearwheel drive, via the feed line 7 and through the oxidizing-agent feed 3 via the outflow opening 8 at a velocity of from 5-90 m/s into the mixing and combustion chamber 5, and flows out of the outlet opening 10 of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 of the burner block 1 into a combustion chamber of a furnace installa- tion, which contains the material to be treated. The oxidizing agent, which passes through the main feed line 28 at a temperature of from 0° to 60°C and a velocity of from 3 to 25 m/s, via a control valve 30 provided with a gearwheel drive, through a feed line 32 via the oxidizing-agent feed 33 and emerges radially through oxidizing-agent nozzles 34 at a velocity of from 5 to 350 m/s, swirls up the oxidizing- agent streams emerging at the outflow opening 8.
It has been determined that the mixing of the oxidizing agent with the fuel can be controlled in such a way, as a function of the swirling of the oxidizing agent, that by closing the control valve 29 it is possible to adjust the supply of axial oxidizing agent, and by simultaneously opening the control valve 30 provided with a distributor hand wheel with toothed ring 31, it is possible to adjust the supply of radial oxidizing agent, allowing a continuously variable shortening of the flame to be set. The oxidizing agent which flows out of the outflow opening 9 of the fuel feed 4 may have a swirl number of between 0 and 3. The number of oxidizing-agent nozzles 34 arranged tangentially in the oxidizing-agent feed 33 is from 1 to 20. The distance between the oxidizing-agent nozzles 34 and the outflow opening 8 of the oxidizing-agent feed 3 is from 1 to 10 times their diameter. The ratio of the momentum flux densities of oxidizing agent/fuel is from 0.1 to 10 times at a power density of from 0.06 to 0.37 kW/mm2 at the outlet opening 10 of the burner block 1 and a total momentum flux, based on the burner power, of from 0.8 to 6 NMW.
The burner illustrated in Figure 3 shows a burner body 2, which is arranged in a burner block 1 equipped with a cylindrical mixing and combustion chamber 5 and has an oxidizing-agent feed 3 surrounding the fuel feed 4 as a concentric annular gap. From 3 to at most 12 oxidizing-agent lances 37, each with a nozzle 38 having a diameter c, arranged by means of spacers 27 on a pitch circle of diameter n, are located in the annular gap between the oxidizing-agent feed 3, which is positioned by spacer 16 with respect to the burner block 1, and the foel feed 4. The mixing length m is up to 10 times the difference between the internal diameter f of the oxidizing-agent feed 3 and the internal diameter d of the fuel feed 4, and is advantageously up to 3.15 times the quotient formed from the difference between the internal diameter f of the oxidizing-agent feed 3 and the internal diameter d of the fuel feed 4 and the difference between 2 and the internal diameter c of the oxidizing-agent nozzle 38 (f-d/2-c). The pitch circle n of the nozzles 38 is located in the region of the internal diameter d of the fuel feed 4 and the internal diameter f of the oxidizing-agent feed 3. The oxidizing-agent feed 3 is guided in the burner block 1 by spacers 16. The total length 1 of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 is up to 10 times the diameter g of the mixing and combustion chamber 5, and is advantageously from 3.13 to 10.5 times the difference between the internal diameter f of the oxidizing-agent feed 3 and the internal diameter d of the fuel feed 4. The ratio of the diameter g of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 to the internal diameter f of the oxidizing-agent feed 3 is in the range from 1.01 to 2.5. The fuel (natural gas), which flows at a temperature of from 0° to 60°C and a velocity of from 3.3 to 30 m/s via the feed line 6 through the fuel feed 4, through the outflow opening 9, at a velocity of from 5-90 m/s into the mixing and combustion chamber 5, is at least partially heated, mixed and burnt with the oxidizing agent, which flows as a momentum flux at a temperature of from 0° to 60°C and a velocity of from 3 to 25 m/s via the main feed line 28 through the distributor valve 36 via the feed line 7 and through the oxidizing-agent feed 3 via the outflow opening 8 at a velocity of from 5-90 m/s into the mixing and combustion chamber 5, and flows out of the outlet opening 10 of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 of the burner block 1 into a main combustion chamber of a furnace installation, which contains the material to be treated. The oxidizing agent (oxygen) which emerges in the axial direction at a temperature of from 0° to 600C and a velocity of from 3 to 25 m/s through the main feed line 28 via the feed line 32 through a distributor chamber 39 via the oxidizing-agent lances 37 and the at least one nozzle 38 thereof at a velocity of from 5 to 350 m/s or several times the speed of sound, increases the momentum of the oxidizing-agent flow at the outflow opening 8.
It has been discovered that the mixing of the oxidizing agent (oxygen) with the fuel (natural gas) is improved by an increase in the momentum of the oxidizing- agent stream at the nozzle(s) 38, so that closing the distributor valve 36 effects a continuously variable and continuous shortening of the flame. The minimum number of nozzles 38 of the oxidizing-agent lances 37 running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the burner is 1. The maximum number of nozzles 38 can be calculated from the quotient formed from 3.14 times the internal diameter f of the oxidizing- agent feed 3 and internal diameter c of the nozzles 38. It is advantageous to use from 3 to 8 nozzles 38. The ratio of the momentum flux densities of oxidizing a- gent (oxygen) and fuel (natural gas) is from 0.1 to 28 at a power density of from 0.06 to 0.37 kW/mm2 at the outlet opening 10 and a total momentum flux, based on the burner power, of from 0.8 to 57 NMW.
Figure 4 shows a burner body 2, which is arranged in a burner block 1 provided with a cylindrical mixing and combustion chamber 5 and has an oxidizing-agent feed 3 surrounding a fuel feed 4 in the form of a concentric annular gap. The fuel feed 4 is guided in the burner block 1 by means of spacers 16 and 17. The burner body 2 is secured to the burner block 1 by means of a flange 19 with seal 22 and four securing points, each comprising a threaded bolt 23, a retaining part 24 and a washer with nut 21. The spacer with O ring 17, which is cooled by the oxidizing agent, and the bush 18 prevent the oxidizing agent from escaping into the environment surrounding the burner and therefore ensure that the mixing and combustion chamber 5 is sealed off with respect to the atmosphere surrounding the burner. This means that it is impossible for any nitrogen from the air to penetrate into the combustion process, and consequently low-NOx combustion is possible. The O ring 17 consists, for example, of a heat-resistant and oxygen-resistant elastomer, such as for example Viton or Kalrez (225-275°C). The bush 18 may preferably be designed to be cooled by its own medium, the oxidizing agent. A further possibility for effective high-temperature sealing consists in the use of a metallic expan- sion compensator. The pressure-exerting plate 20 with compression spring 25 and washer with nut 26 ensure that the oxidizing-agent feed 3 bears securely against the burner block 1 in the event of fluctuating thermal longitudinal expansion of the oxidizing-agent feed 3, for example in the event of a change in the burner power. Alternatively, the pressure-exerting plate 20 may be arranged directly on the burner block 1 with seal 22, for example by means of four securing points each comprising a threaded bolt 23, a retaining part 24 and a washer with nut 21. This arrangement is advantageous if the oxidizing-agent feed 3 is designed in such a way that it can expand without obstacle into the mixing and combustion chamber 5. The advantageously tubular fuel feed 4, which is provided with a feed line 6, spacers 27 and an outflow opening 9, is axially displaceable over a length k (max. k=l) within the mixing and combustion chamber 5, which has a total length 1, of the burner block 1. The total length 1 of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 is up to 10 times the diameter g of the mixing and combustion chamber (5), and is advantageously from 3.13 to 10.5 times the difference between the internal diame- ter f of the oxidizing-agent feed 4 and the internal diameter d of the fuel feed 4.
The ratio of the diameter g of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 to the internal diameter f of the oxidizing-agent feed 3 is from 1.01 to 2.5. The axial displacement of the fuel feed 4 is limited - in the direction of flow of fuel - by a stop ring 14 by means of the stop 15 and - in the direction opposite to the direction of flow of the fuel - by the connection piece 13. The locking of the fuel feed 4 and the sealing of the oxidizing-agent feed 3 with respect to the atmosphere surrounding the burner are ensured by the connection piece 13, the clamping ring 12 and the union nut 11.
The fuel, which flows at a temperature of from 0° to 600C and a velocity of from 3.3 to 30 m/s via the feed line 6 through the fuel feed 4 and via a conically narrowed tube at an angle b of between 0° and 45°, preferably between 0° and 2°, and via the outflow opening 9 at a velocity of 5-90 m/s into the mixing and combustion chamber 5 of the burner block 1, is at least partially heated, mixed and burnt with the oxidizing agent, which flows at a temperature of from 0° to 6O0C and at a velocity of from 3 to 25 m/s through the feed line 7 via the oxidizing-agent feed 3 through a conically narrowed tube at an angle a of between 0° and 45°, preferably between 0° and 2°, and via the outflow opening 8 at a velocity of from 5-90 m/s into the mixing and combustion chamber 5, and flows out of the outlet opening 10 of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 of the burner block 1 into a main combustion chamber of a furnace installation, which contains the material to be treated.
It has been found that the oxidizing agent (oxygen) is mixed with the fuel (natural gas) in the mixing and combustion chamber 5 in such a manner that a long burner flame is produced when the fuel feed 4 has been slid into the mixing and combustion chamber 5 by a length k, and a shorter burner flame is produced if the insertion length of the fuel feed 4 is reduced, since the surface area of the outflow open- ing 8 for the oxidising agent is reduced, and therefore the oxygen/fuel momentum flux density ratio is increased.
The ratio of the momentum flux densities of oxidizing agent (oxygen) and fuel (natural gas) is from 0.1 to 10 at a power density at the outlet opening 10 of the burner block 1 of from 0.06 to 0.37 kW/mm2 and a total momentum flux, based on the burner power, of from 0.8 to 6 N/MW. Figure 5 shows a burner with a burner body 2, which is arranged in a burner block 1 provided with a cylindrical mixing and combustion chamber 5 and has an oxidiz- ing-agent feed 3, which is guided in the burner block 1 by way of spacers 16, 17 and surrounds a fuel feed 4 as a concentric annular gap.
A fuel lance 43, which is guided centrally within the fuel feed 4 by means of spacer 40, is arranged axially displaceably in the fuel feed 4, which is arranged on the burner longitudinal axis. The locking of the fuel lance 43 and the sealing of the fuel feed 4 with respect to environmental influences are effected by means of the union nut 11, the clamping ring 12 and the connection piece 13. The burner body 2 is advantageously arranged on the burner block 1 by means of flange 19, the seal 22 and four securing points, each comprising a threaded bolt 23, a retaining part 24 and a washer with nut 21. The spacer with O ring 17, which is cooled by the oxidizing agent (oxygen), and the bush 18 prevent oxidizing agent or fuel from escap- ing into the area surrounding the burner and therefore ensure that the mixing and combustion chamber 5 is sealed off with respect to undesirable environment influences, such as for example the penetration of nitrogen from the air into the combustion process, thereby allowing low-NOx combustion. The O ring advantageously consists of a heat-resistant and oxygen-resistant elastomer, such as for example Viton or Kalrez (225-275°C). The bush 18 may be "designed to be cooled by its own medium, by the oxidizing agent. A further possible option for an effective high-temperature seal consists in the use of a metallic expansion compensator. The pressure-exerting plate 20 with compression spring 25 and washer with nut 26 ensure that the oxidizing-agent feed 3 bears securely against the burner block 1 in the event of fluctuating thermal longitudinal expansion of the oxidizing-agent feed 3, e.g. in the event of changes in the burner power. Alternatively, the pressure- exerting plate 20 may be arranged directly on the burner block 1 with seal 22 by means of four securing points, each comprising a threaded bolt 23, a retaining part 24 and a washer with nut 21. This form of securing is advantageous if the oxidiz- ing-agent feed 3 continues into the mixing and combustion chamber 5 of the burner block 1. The advantageously tubular fuel lance 43, which is arranged set back in the fuel feed 4 and with its nozzle 41 in the direction of the outflow opening 9 and is provided with a feed line 42 and spacers 40, can be displaced axially over a variable length e in the fuel feed 4. The variable length e may amount to up to 10 times the internal diameter of the fuel feed 4, and is preferably from 3.13 to 10.5 times the difference between the internal diameter d of the fuel feed 4 and the internal diameter o of the fuel lance 43. It is also possible for the fuel lance 43 to be displaced in the mixing and combustion chamber 5 from the outflow opening 9 of the fuel feed 4 to the outlet opening 10 of the burner block 1, i.e. over the total length 1 of the mixing and combustion chamber 5. The total length 1 of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 is up to 10 times the diameter g of the mixing and combustion chamber 5, and is advantageously from 3.13 to 10.5 times the differ- ence between the internal diameter f of the oxidizing-agent feed 3 and the internal diameter d of the fuel feed 4. The ratio of the diameter of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 to the internal diameter f of the oxidizing-agent feed 3 is in the range from 1.01 to 2.5. The fuel (natural gas with a low momentum), which flows at a temperature of from 0° to 60°C and a velocity of from 3.3 to 30 m/s via a main feed line 44 through a distributor valve 45, via the feed line 6 and through the fuel feed 4 and via the outflow opening 9 at a velocity of from 5-90 m/s into the mixing and combustion chamber 5, is at least partially heated, mixed and burnt with the oxidizing agent (oxygen), which flows at a temperature of from 0° to 6O0C and a velocity of from 3 to 25 m/s via the feed line 7 and the oxidizing-agent feed 3 and via the outflow opening 8 at a velocity of from 5-90 m/s into the mixing and combustion chamber 5, and flows out of the outlet opening 10 of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 of the burner block 1 into a main combustion chamber of a furnace installation, which contains the material to be treated. A further fuel (natural gas with a high momentum), which flows at a temperature of from 0° to 600C and a velocity of from 3 to 30 m/s via the main feed line 44 through a feed line 42 via the fuel lance 43 and through the nozzle 41 of the latter at a velocity of from 5 to 500 m/s or several times the speed of sound into the mixing and combustion chamber 5, increases the momentum of the fuel flow at the outflow opening 9 of the fuel feed 4. It has been determined that the fuel is burnt with the oxidizing a- gent to form a long burner flame if a fuel lance 43 has been slid into the mixing and combustion chamber 5 over a length e which amounts to 10 times the internal diameter d of the fuel feed 4. Extending the fuel lance 43 as far as the outlet opening 10 of the burner block 1 in the direction of the furnace space produces a shorter flame, since the momentum flux density of the fuel increases and the oxidizing agent/fuel momentum flux density ratio, which is crucial to the flame length changes, and as a result better mixing is established. Closing the distributor valve 45 allows the momentum flux density of the fuel to be increased, with the result that continuously variable and continuous shortening of the flame is likewise possible. The oxygen/fuel momentum flux density ratio is from 0.0015 to 10, at a power density at the outlet opening 10 of the burner block 1 of from 0.06 to 0.37 kW/mm2 and a total flux momentum, based on the burner power, of from 0.8 to 23 NMW.
Figure 6 shows a further embodiment of the burner, having a burner body 2, which is arranged in a burner block 1 with a cylindrical mixing and combustion chamber 5 and has an outer oxidizing-agent feed 3, which surrounds a further oxidizing- agent feed 47 as a concentric annular gap, and a fuel feed 4, which is tubular in form and is surrounded by the oxidizing-agent feed 47 as a concentric annular gap. The oxidizing-agent feeds 3, 47 have spacers 48, 27. Furthermore, the oxidizing- agent feed 3 is guided in the burner block by spacer 16. The total length 1 of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 is up to 10 times the diameter g of the mixing and combustion chamber 5, preferably from 3.13 to 10.5 times the difference be- tween the internal diameter f of the oxidizing-agent feed 3 and the internal diameter d of the fuel feed 4. The ratio of the diameter g of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 to the internal diameter f of the oxidizing-agent feed 3 is from 1.01 to 2.5. The fuel (natural gas), which flows at a temperature of from 0° to 60°C and a velocity of from 3.3 to 30 m/s via the feed line 6 through the fuel feed 4 via the outflow opening 9 of the latter at a velocity of from 5-90 m/s into the mixing and combustion chamber 5, is at least partially heated, mixed and burnt with the oxidizing agent (stream of oxygen with a low momentum), which flows at a temperature of from 0 to 6O0C and a velocity of from 3 to 25 m/s via the main feed line 28 through the distributor valve 36 via the feed line 7 and through the oxidizing-agent feed 3 via the outflow opening 8 at a velocity of from 5-90 m/s into the mixing and combustion chamber 5, and flows out of the outlet opening 10 of the mixing and combustion chamber 5 of the burner block 1 into a main combustion chamber of a furnace installation, which contains the material to be treated. The oxidizing agent (stream of oxygen with a high momentum), which flows at a temperature of from 0° to 60°C and a velocity of from 3 to 25 m/s through the main feed line 28 via the feed line 32 through the oxidizing-agent feed 47 and through the outflow opening 46 at a velocity of from 5 to 350 m/s into the mixing and combustion chamber 5, increases the momentum flux density of the oxidizing agent. It has been found that the mixing results (oxidizing agent/fuel) can be optimized if the oxidizing agent has a higher momentum flux density than the fuel, and a continuous and continuously variable shortening of the flame length is possible by closing the distributor valve 36. The oxygen/fuel momentum flux density ratio is from 0.1 to 14 at a po- wer density at the outlet opening 10 of from 0.06 to 0.37 kW/mm2 and a total momentum flux, based on the burner power, in the range from 0.8 to 28 N/MW.
Oxidizing agents used are in particular oxygen or an oxygen-rich gas, and the fuel used is in particular natural gas or another suitable medium.
The burner block consists of a heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant material, advantageously of ceramic, and the feeds for the oxidizing agent and the fuel consist of a heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant material, preferably of an NiCr or ODS alloy.
Preferred values for burner use:
Oxygen/fuel momentum flux density ratio of from 0.0015 to 28, with the total momentum flux, based on the burner power, being in the range from 0.8 to 57 N/MW, at a power density at the outlet opening 10 of the burner block of from 0.06 to 0.37 kW/mm2;
The swirled oxidizing agent has a swirl number of between 0 and 3;
- The angle at which fuel flows into the mixing and combustion chamber 5 of the burner block 1 is preferably up to 18° with respect to the lance axis; The velocity at which the oxidizing agent flows into the mixing and combustion chamber 5 of the burner block 1 is at least 5 m/s up to several times the speed of sound;
The velocity at which the fuel flows into the mixing and combustion chamber 5 of the burner block 1 is at least 3.3 m/s up to several times the speed of sound;
The temperature at which the oxidizing agent and/or the fuel flows into the mixing and combustion chamber 5 of the burner block 1 is up to approx.
60°C;
A combination of the burner embodiments shown in Figures 1 to 6 is possible.
List of designations
Burner block Burner body Oxidizing-agent feed Fuel feed Mixing and combustion chamber Feed line (fuel) Feed line (oxidizing agent) Outflow opening (oxidizing agent) Outflow opening (fuel) Outlet opening ( 1 ) Union nut Clamping ring (Teflon) Connection piece Stop ring Stop Spacer (3) Spacer with O ring (3) Bush Flange Pressure-exerting plate Washer/nut Seal Threaded bolt Retaining part Compression spring Washer with nut Spacer (fuel feed) Main feed line (oxidizing agent) Control valve (oxidizing agent - axial with gearwheel drive) Control valve (oxidizing agent - radial with gearwheel drive) Distributor hand wheel with toothed ring 32 Feed line (oxidizing agent, radial)
33 Feed (oxidizing agent, radial)
34 Nozzle (oxidizing agent - tangential)
35 Spacer (oxidizing-agent feed)
36 Distributor valve (oxidizing agent momentum)
37 Oxidizing-agent lance
38 Nozzle (oxidizing-agent lance)
39 Distributor chamber (oxidizing agent)
40 Spacer (fuel lance)
41 Nozzle (fuel lance)
42 Feed line (fuel lance)
43 Fuel lance
44 Main feed line (fuel)
45 Distributor valve (fuel momentum)
46 Outflow opening (oxidizing agent - high momentum)
47 Oxidizing-agent feed (high momentum)
48 Spacer (47) a Angle for tube reduction (4) b Angle for tube reduction (3)
C Internal diameter (38) d Internal diameter (4) f Internal diameter (3) g Diameter (5) k Variable length (5)
1 Length (5) m Mixing length (37) n Pitch circle (38) o Internal diameter (41) e Length (48)

Claims

Patent claims
1. Oxygen/fuel burner having a burner body (2), in which a fuel feed (4), which is accommodated by at least one oxidizing-agent feed (3, 33, 47), is axially displaceable in a mixing and combustion chamber (5) of a burner block (1).
2. Oxygen/fuel burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the tubular fuel feed (4), which includes at least one feed line (6) and at least one outflow opening (9), is accommodated, preferably set back, in the mixing and combustion chamber (5) of the burner block (1).
3. Oxygen/fuel burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the tubular oxidizing-agent feed (3), which includes at least one feed line (7) and at least one outflow opening (8), has a device for axially and/or radially distributing the oxidizing agent.
4. Oxygen/fuel burner according to Claim 3, characterized in that the device comprises at least one control valve which is connected to feed lines (28, 32, 7) and has a gearwheel drive (29, 30) with a distributor hand wheel (31).
5. Oxygen/fuel burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one oxidizing-agent lance (37), which is connected to feed lines (28, 32) and a distributor chamber (39) and has at least one nozzle (38) designed for a high momentum flux, is arranged in the oxidizing-agent feed (3) such that it can be displaced axially in the direction of the mixing and combustion chamber (5) of the burner block (1).
6. Oxygen/fuel burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one fuel lance (43), which is connected to a feed line (42) and has at least one nozzle (41), is arranged in the fuel feed (4) such that it can be displaced axially in the direction of the mixing and combustion chamber (5) of the burner block (1).
7. Oxygen/fuel burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outflow region of the fuel feed (4) and the outflow region of the oxidizing-agent feed (3) are preferably conically narrowed.
8. Oxygen/fuel burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one fuel lance (43), which is connected to a feed line (42), has at least one nozzle (41) and can be displaced axially in the direction of the mixing and combustion chamber (5) of the burner block (1), is arranged in the tubular fuel feed (4) for supplying fuel.
9. Oxygen/fuel burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fuel feed (4) has a device (45) for feeding fuel into the fuel lance (43) with a high momentum.
10. Oxygen/fuel burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the oxidizing-agent feed (3), in order to supply oxidizing agent with a high momentum, is connected to at least one device comprising a distributor valve (36).
11. Oxygen/fuel burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the burner block (1) consists of a heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant material, preferably of ceramic.
12. Oxygen/fuel burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the burner body (2), the fuel feed (4) and the oxidizing-agent feed (3), as well as their feed lines (6, 7, 32, 42), consist of a heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant material, preferably of an NiCr or ODS alloy.
13. Method for operating an oxygen/fuel burner with a variable flame length according to one of the preceding claims, in which the fuel is at least partially burnt with an oxidizing agent, characterized in that a) the fuel is heated, mixed and burnt with the oxidizing agent in a mixing and combustion chamber (5) of variable length in a burner block (1), b) the burner is operated with a momentum flux density ratio of oxidizing agent to fuel of from 0.0015 to 28, c) the burner is operated with a swirled oxidizing agent with a swirl number of up to 3, d) the burner is operated with a power-based total momentum flux in the range from 0.8 to 57 NMW, e) the burner is operated with a power density at the outlet opening (10) of the burner block (1) in the range from 0.06 to 0.37 kW/mm2, f) the burner is operated with an inflow velocity of the oxidizing agent into the mixing and combustion chamber (5) of at least 5 m/s up to several times the speed of sound, g) the burner is operated with an inflow velocity of the fuel into the mix- ing and combustion chamber (5) of at least 3.3 m/s up to several times the speed of sound, and h) the burner is operated with a maximum inflow temperature of the oxidizing agent or fuel into the mixing and combustion chamber (5) of the burner block (1) of up to approx. 60°C.
14. Method according to Claim 12, characterized in that the fuel flows out of the outflow opening (9) of the fuel feed (4) into the mixing and combustion chamber (5) of the burner block (1) at an angle of up to 18° with respect to the lance axis.
15. Use of an oxygen/fuel burner according to the preceding claims in a combustion furnace, preferably in a melting furnace, such as a glass-melting furnace.
PCT/EP2005/011563 2005-10-28 2005-10-28 Oxygen/fuel burner with variable flame length WO2007048429A1 (en)

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2927327A1 (en) * 2008-02-08 2009-08-14 Saint Gobain FURNACE LOW NOX WITH HIGH HEAT TRANSFER
EP2141129A1 (en) * 2008-07-02 2010-01-06 L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Burner assembly with enhanced flexibility
DE102010029648A1 (en) 2010-06-02 2011-04-07 Kutzner, Dieter, Dipl.-Ing. Method for melting e.g. aluminum scrap or glass, for heat treatment of steel in hearth furnace, involves operating burners of furnace using radiant flame, and supplying oxygen to combustion air flow to enrich air on pressure side of blower
JP2013145099A (en) * 2012-01-16 2013-07-25 Osaka Gas Co Ltd Luminous flame burner and combustion method therefor
CN103453774A (en) * 2013-09-09 2013-12-18 中南大学 Inner vortex mixing type alloy nozzle
WO2014076297A3 (en) * 2012-11-19 2014-07-17 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus and method for injecting oxygen into a furnace
WO2015007743A1 (en) * 2013-07-15 2015-01-22 Flammatec, Spol. S.R.O. Method of gas combustion in industrial furnaces and burner for realization of this method
CN105066129A (en) * 2015-07-27 2015-11-18 河北中北环保科技有限公司 Momentum-adjustable pure oxygen nozzle
WO2016180623A1 (en) * 2015-05-11 2016-11-17 Outotec (Finland) Oy Low nox combustion system for travelling grate pelletizing plants
WO2019023117A1 (en) * 2017-07-28 2019-01-31 Nabors James K Jr Oxygen-fuel burner for a glass melting furnace
FR3074262A1 (en) * 2017-11-30 2019-05-31 Saint-Gobain Isover BURNER COMPRISING A WEAR PIECE
US10344970B2 (en) 2015-04-08 2019-07-09 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Burner device and method
US20200299168A1 (en) * 2016-08-19 2020-09-24 Jushi Group Co., Ltd. Method for heating liquid glass channel of glass fiber tank furnace
WO2021233530A1 (en) 2020-05-19 2021-11-25 Flammatec, Spol. S R.O. Method and burner of hydrogen combustion in industrial furnace, especially in a glass furnace or a furnace for metal melting, by means of a multi nozzle burner
KR102673519B1 (en) 2017-11-30 2024-06-11 쌩-고벵 이조베르 Burner with wearing parts

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EP0535846A2 (en) * 1991-09-30 1993-04-07 The Boc Group, Inc. Burner
EP0563793A2 (en) * 1992-03-30 1993-10-06 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Adjustable momentum self-cooled oxy/fuel burner for heating in high-temperature environments
EP0763692A2 (en) * 1995-09-15 1997-03-19 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Oxy-fuel burner having coaxial fuel and oxidant outlets
AU713968B2 (en) * 1996-08-05 1999-12-16 Boc Group Plc, The Low emission swirl burner
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Cited By (30)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2927327A1 (en) * 2008-02-08 2009-08-14 Saint Gobain FURNACE LOW NOX WITH HIGH HEAT TRANSFER
WO2009101312A1 (en) * 2008-02-08 2009-08-20 Saint-Gobain Glass France Method for heating a low-nox glass furnace having high heat transfer
EA017217B1 (en) * 2008-02-08 2012-10-30 Сэн-Гобэн Гласс Франс METHOD FOR HEATING A LOW-NOx GLASS FURNACE HAVING HIGH HEAT TRANSFER
CN102083758A (en) * 2008-07-02 2011-06-01 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 Burner assembly with enhanced flexibility
WO2010000771A3 (en) * 2008-07-02 2010-08-05 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Burner assembly with enhanced flexibility
WO2010000771A2 (en) * 2008-07-02 2010-01-07 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Burner assembly with enhanced flexibility
EP2141129A1 (en) * 2008-07-02 2010-01-06 L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Burner assembly with enhanced flexibility
DE102010029648A1 (en) 2010-06-02 2011-04-07 Kutzner, Dieter, Dipl.-Ing. Method for melting e.g. aluminum scrap or glass, for heat treatment of steel in hearth furnace, involves operating burners of furnace using radiant flame, and supplying oxygen to combustion air flow to enrich air on pressure side of blower
JP2013145099A (en) * 2012-01-16 2013-07-25 Osaka Gas Co Ltd Luminous flame burner and combustion method therefor
WO2014076297A3 (en) * 2012-11-19 2014-07-17 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus and method for injecting oxygen into a furnace
WO2015007743A1 (en) * 2013-07-15 2015-01-22 Flammatec, Spol. S.R.O. Method of gas combustion in industrial furnaces and burner for realization of this method
WO2015007252A1 (en) 2013-07-15 2015-01-22 Flammatec, Spol. S R.O. The way of gas combustion in industrial furnaces and burner for realization of this method
CN103453774A (en) * 2013-09-09 2013-12-18 中南大学 Inner vortex mixing type alloy nozzle
US10344970B2 (en) 2015-04-08 2019-07-09 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Burner device and method
WO2016180623A1 (en) * 2015-05-11 2016-11-17 Outotec (Finland) Oy Low nox combustion system for travelling grate pelletizing plants
CN107580669A (en) * 2015-05-11 2018-01-12 奥图泰(芬兰)公司 Low nitrogen oxide burning system for mobile grate formula pelletizing equipment
RU2681549C1 (en) * 2015-05-11 2019-03-11 Оутотек (Финлэнд) Ой Nitrogen oxides low emission burning system for granulation plants with mobile grate grasses
CN107580669B (en) * 2015-05-11 2020-07-28 奥图泰(芬兰)公司 Low-nitrogen oxide combustion system for movable grate type pellet equipment
CN105066129A (en) * 2015-07-27 2015-11-18 河北中北环保科技有限公司 Momentum-adjustable pure oxygen nozzle
US20200299168A1 (en) * 2016-08-19 2020-09-24 Jushi Group Co., Ltd. Method for heating liquid glass channel of glass fiber tank furnace
WO2019023117A1 (en) * 2017-07-28 2019-01-31 Nabors James K Jr Oxygen-fuel burner for a glass melting furnace
CN111356658A (en) * 2017-11-30 2020-06-30 圣戈班伊索福公司 Burner comprising a consumable part
WO2019106309A1 (en) * 2017-11-30 2019-06-06 Saint-Gobain Isover Burner comprising a wear part
FR3074262A1 (en) * 2017-11-30 2019-05-31 Saint-Gobain Isover BURNER COMPRISING A WEAR PIECE
JP2021504274A (en) * 2017-11-30 2021-02-15 サン−ゴバン イゾベール Burner with durable parts
CN111356658B (en) * 2017-11-30 2022-08-19 圣戈班伊索福公司 Burner comprising a consumable part
US11655177B2 (en) 2017-11-30 2023-05-23 Saint-Gobain Isover Burner comprising a wearing piece
JP7309710B2 (en) 2017-11-30 2023-07-18 サン－ゴバン イゾベール Burner with durable parts
KR102673519B1 (en) 2017-11-30 2024-06-11 쌩-고벵 이조베르 Burner with wearing parts
WO2021233530A1 (en) 2020-05-19 2021-11-25 Flammatec, Spol. S R.O. Method and burner of hydrogen combustion in industrial furnace, especially in a glass furnace or a furnace for metal melting, by means of a multi nozzle burner

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