CN113280354B - Process method for coupling high-temperature tail gas and gas into furnace in active carbon preparation process - Google Patents
Process method for coupling high-temperature tail gas and gas into furnace in active carbon preparation process Download PDFInfo
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- CN113280354B CN113280354B CN202110545455.1A CN202110545455A CN113280354B CN 113280354 B CN113280354 B CN 113280354B CN 202110545455 A CN202110545455 A CN 202110545455A CN 113280354 B CN113280354 B CN 113280354B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
- F23K5/002—Gaseous fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
- F23G2209/14—Gaseous waste or fumes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for fuel supplies
- F23K2900/05004—Mixing two or more fluid fuels
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a process method for coupling high-temperature tail gas and gas into a furnace in the preparation process of activated carbon, and belongs to the technical field of tail gas treatment. The process method comprises the following steps: conveying the carbonized tail gas and the activated tail gas to a gas merging device at an included angle of 50-70 degrees, and introducing the mixed tail gas after uniform mixing into a boiler through a mixing pipeline; the gas merging device is of a Venturi structure, the pipe diameter of the throat part is 1/2-1/3 of the pipe diameter of the inlet section, and a steel plate for dividing a pipeline is arranged in the radial direction of the throat part, so that carbonized tail gas occupies 1/2-1/3 of the pipe diameter of the throat part of the gas merging device. The invention can realize gas coupling of carbonized and activated unburned high-temperature tail gas into the furnace, thereby fully utilizing the residual energy in the tail gas, and simultaneously utilizing a flue gas treatment system to treat flue gas, and realizing the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tail gas treatment, and particularly relates to a process method for coupling high-temperature tail gas and gas into a furnace in the preparation process of active carbon.
Background
In the process of producing and preparing active carbon, such as combustion in a secondary combustion chamber, flue gas and waste gas are generated when fuel is combusted, and a certain amount of combustible gas components can exist in the flue gas because the fuel cannot be combusted completely in the secondary combustion chamber. Furthermore, in some processes, such as carbonization: a process of preparing corresponding carbonized materials by decomposing carbon-containing organic matters at high temperature to release a large amount of non-carbon elements; the activation process comprises the following steps: the carbonized material and gasifying agent such as water vapor are gasified under high temperature to generate active carbon, and a large amount of combustible gas is generated in the carbonization and activation processes, and the combustion of the combustible gas generates more heat than the energy required by the process, so that a small amount of combustible gas components can be remained. The unburnt tail gas generated in the chemical industry production is directly discharged, so that the environment pollution is caused, and the energy is wasted. Therefore, the carbonized and activated tail gas is generally burnt respectively and then is intensively emptied, but the scheme still does not solve the problem of energy waste.
Patent CN209836100U discloses a biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler and gasifier coupled power generation co-production active carbon system, wherein combustible gas is introduced into the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler through gas combustion equipment, and is introduced into a fluidization air chamber through a gas nozzle to heat biomass materials in a precombustion manner, and centralized treatment of carbonization and activation tail gas is not involved. The patent CN109666513A discloses a biomass gasification and garbage incineration coupling system which adopts a mode of adding a burner in the middle to feed biomass gasification gas into a furnace, and only utilizes the heat after combustion.
The tail gas components, pressure and flow rate generated by carbonization and activation in the existing active carbon preparation process are relatively large, and the two parts are relatively independent and simultaneously carried out in the production process, so that the tail gas treatment system is independently arranged, the cost is high, the process is complex, and the energy recycling can not be realized; the existing gasification coupling furnace is also a phenomenon that one or two pipes directly enter the boiler to cause the deviation of a combustion area and the difficulty in adjusting working conditions; in addition, low-temperature conveying is adopted for tar contained in tail gas in carbonization and activation processes, so that environmental pollution can be caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved are as follows: aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a process method for coupling high-temperature tail gas in the preparation process of activated carbon into a furnace in a gas-gas coupling way, which can couple carbonized and activated unburned tail gas into the furnace in a gas-gas coupling way, so that the residual energy in the tail gas is fully utilized, and meanwhile, the flue gas can be treated by a flue gas treatment system, so that the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction are realized.
The technical scheme is as follows: the technological process of preparing active carbon includes feeding carbonized tail gas and activated tail gas in 50-70 deg to the gas merging device, mixing the mixed tail gas and introducing the mixed tail gas into boiler; the gas merging device is of a Venturi structure, the pipe diameter of the throat part is 1/2-1/3 of the pipe diameter of the inlet section, and a steel plate for dividing a pipeline is arranged in the radial direction of the throat part, so that carbonized tail gas occupies 1/2-1/3 of the pipe diameter of the throat part of the gas merging device.
Preferably, the length of the steel plate is greater than 100mm.
Preferably, the temperature of the carbonized tail gas and the activated tail gas is 350-450 ℃.
Preferably, the pipe diameters of the conveying pipelines of the carbonized tail gas and the activated tail gas are positively correlated with the preparation scale of the activated carbon.
Preferably, under the scale of preparing the activated carbon of 3-10 t/d, the pipe diameter of a conveying pipeline of the carbonized tail gas is DN 500-DN 800, and the pipe diameter of the conveying pipeline of the activated tail gas is DN 300-DN 500.
Preferably, the mixing pipeline comprises a main pipe and a branch pipeline, one end of the branch pipeline is connected with the main pipe, and the other end of the branch pipeline is connected with a secondary air port of the boiler.
Preferably, a booster fan is arranged on the main pipe.
Preferably, the number of the branch pipelines is 5-20.
Preferably, the flow rate of the gas in the branch pipeline is controlled to be 40-90 m/s.
Preferably, the secondary air ports connected with the branch pipes are staggered with the secondary air ports not connected with the branch pipes.
The beneficial effects are that: according to the invention, after the unburnt carbonized and activated high-temperature tail gas is subjected to gas mixing through the gas mixing device, the gas is introduced into a boiler furnace of a power plant, and the original secondary air pipe is utilized to uniformly arrange air distribution inlets, so that the unburnt tail gas is reasonably mixed, and is coupled into a furnace for combustion, the energy is recycled, the preparation scale of the wood activated carbon is only 3t/d, and the annual newly increased power generation benefit is up to 500 ten thousand yuan. Meanwhile, unburned tail gas containing reducing components is combusted in the furnace, so that the disturbance in the furnace can be enhanced, the combustion in the furnace and pollutant emission control are facilitated, the NOx emission is reduced by about 20%, and the ash burn-up rate is improved by 1-2%.
1. Through carbonization and activation tail gas pipeline angle setting and venturi structure setting, the problem of gas cross caused by different gas working conditions is avoided. Meanwhile, tail gas is mixed more fully in the whole process, and conveying is more stable.
2. The unburned tail gas is treated by coupling the high-temperature tail gas into the boiler, so that the equipment investment cost and the operation cost are saved.
3. The original secondary air port is utilized to be changed into the tail gas inlet, the method is simple, the cost is low, and the construction difficulty is low.
4. Compared with the traditional gas feeding mode, the device has the advantages that the device is directly connected into the furnace through one pipeline, the phenomena of deflagration and combustion area deviation are easy to occur, the device is evenly distributed at staggered intervals, the mixing of the feeding tail gas and air is facilitated, and unburnt components in the tail gas can be fully combusted.
5. The position of the secondary air port is a combustion area of the hearth, unburnt tail gas is uniformly introduced at a higher speed to increase the disturbance in the furnace, and the temperature of the combustion area is increased, so that the combustion in the boiler is also more sufficient.
6. The introduction of combustible gas components in the tail gas enhances the reducing atmosphere in the combustion area of the hearth, and is beneficial to the control of pollutant emission, in particular to the removal of nitrogen oxides.
7. The recycling of unburnt components in the high-temperature tail gas is realized, the energy is recovered, and the carbon electricity or carbon heat co-production is realized at the lowest cost.
8. The flue gas after combustion and the flue gas of the power plant boiler are treated by the flue gas purification system and discharged after reaching standards, so that the environmental pollution is avoided, and additional flue gas purification equipment is not required.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the carbonization and activation tail gas of activated carbon and gas coupling into a furnace;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the air-merging device;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a mixing duct;
the numerical references in the drawings are as follows: 1. the device comprises a conveying pipeline of carbonized tail gas, a conveying pipeline of activated tail gas, a gas mixing device, a mixing pipeline, a booster fan and a branch pipeline.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, in the preparation process of the activated carbon, carbonized tail gas at 350-450 ℃ generated in the carbonization process and activated tail gas at 350-450 ℃ generated in the activation process keep an included angle of 50-70 degrees, the carbonized tail gas enters the gas merging device 3, the gas merging device 3 generates negative pressure, one path of gas with smaller pressure is pumped into the gas merging device 3, one path of gas with larger pressure is mixed and then enters the mixing pipeline 4 for conveying due to the change of the internal structure, the speed is increased and the pressure is reduced, and the booster fan 5 is positioned beside the boiler and is used for improving the pressure of the gas entering the mixing pipeline 4. After being boosted by a booster fan 5 arranged on a main pipe of the mixing pipeline 4, the pressure of the mixed tail gas is increased, holes are formed in the main pipe of the mixing pipeline 4, and the mixed tail gas uniformly enters the boiler along a secondary air port through a branch pipeline 6, so that the coupling and gas feeding process is realized.
The gas-merging device 3 is of a Venturi structure, the pipe diameter of the throat part is 1/2-1/3 of the pipe diameter of the inlet section, a steel plate for dividing a pipeline is arranged in the radial direction of the throat part, and the length of the steel plate is more than 100mm, so that carbonized tail gas occupies 1/2-1/3 of the pipe diameter of the throat part of the gas-merging device 3. The pipe diameters of the conveying pipelines of the carbonized tail gas and the activated tail gas are positively related to the preparation scale of the activated carbon; under the scale of preparing the activated carbon 3-10 t/d, the pipe diameter of a conveying pipeline 1 of the carbonized tail gas is DN 500-DN 800, and the pipe diameter of a conveying pipeline 2 of the activated tail gas is DN 300-DN 500.
Taking the production scale of the wood activated carbon of 3t/d as an example, the carbonization and activation adopts the gas merging device 3 with a Venturi structure, the process of fully merging gas and fully mixing is realized, the regulation process of the tail gas pressure and flow on two sides of carbonization and activation is not needed to be considered, the stable working condition of the carbonization and activation process is fully ensured, and the product index is controllable. As shown in fig. 2, the pipe diameter of the conveying pipe 1 of the carbonized tail gas is DN500, the pipe diameter of the conveying pipe 2 of the activated tail gas is DN300, the included angle between the two is 70 degrees, and the pipe diameter of the throat of the gas mixing device 3 after gas mixing is DN500. A steel plate with the length larger than 100mm is additionally arranged in the radial direction of the throat part of the gas merging device 3, the length is 500mm as shown in fig. 2, and the steel plate is divided to ensure that the gas with high flow speed has enough compression time. The charring tail gas accounts for 1/2-1/3 of the pipe diameter of the inlet section of the gas merging device 3, and 1/2 is shown in fig. 2; after the carbonized tail gas enters, the throat pipe diameter of the gas mixing device 3 is reduced to 1/2-1/3 of the pipe diameter of the inlet section, and the pipe diameter is 1/2 shown in figure 2; the flow speed of the carbonized tail gas is increased, a certain negative pressure is generated at the tail end of the steel plate, and the activated gas is sucked into a gas mixing device to realize gas mixing. Therefore, even if the flow and pressure of the activated tail gas are far smaller than those of the carbonized tail gas in actual production, the structure can ensure that two gases are fully mixed, and no gas cross phenomenon occurs. Meanwhile, through the structure, the carbonized and activated tail gas can be further fully mixed, so that the stability of rear end conveying and furnace feeding is ensured.
The unburned carbonized and activated tail gas is introduced into the hearth without adding a new hole in the wall of the hearth, the unburned tail gas inlet is modified by using a secondary air port of a power plant boiler, and the distribution hole mode of the unburned flue gas introduced into the hearth is that the secondary air port of the hearth of the original boiler is arranged; the flue gas hole distribution mode utilizes the air ports in the original secondary air box, and part of the secondary air ports are changed into flue gas inlets which are uniformly staggered with the secondary air ports. The number and the pipe diameter of the branch pipes 6 connected with the gas flow control device are controlled according to the gas flow rate of the gas entering the furnace, generally 5-20 branches, and the gas flow rate in the branch pipes 6 is controlled to be 40-90 m/s. The method ensures that the gas entering the furnace has enough injection speed, enters the furnace chamber to form turbulent flow, and ensures full combustion and heat recycling. As shown in FIG. 3, the tail gas in the main pipe of DN500 is uniformly fed into the hearth through 10 branch pipes 6 of DN100, and the injection speed is controlled at 60m/s. Wherein, in order to alleviate thermal expansion stress, be equipped with the metal flexible coupling between the main pipe.
The method can realize energy recycling, only 3t/d of wood activated carbon scale can achieve power generation benefit of 500 ten thousand yuan per year, besides, through factors such as tail gas turbulence and reduction components of the tail gas, NOx emission is reduced by about 20%, and ash burn-up rate is improved by 1-2%.
Claims (10)
1. The technological process of preparing active carbon includes feeding carbonized tail gas and activated tail gas in 50-70 deg to the gas merging unit, mixing the mixed tail gas and introducing the mixed tail gas into boiler; the gas merging device is of a Venturi structure, the pipe diameter of the throat part is 1/2-1/3 of the pipe diameter of the inlet section, a steel plate for dividing a pipeline is arranged in the radial direction of the throat part, so that carbonized tail gas occupies 1/2-1/3 of the pipe diameter of the throat part of the gas merging device, negative pressure is generated after the carbonized tail gas passes through the pipe diameter of the throat part, and activated tail gas is sucked.
2. The process for coupling high-temperature tail gas and gas into a furnace in the preparation process of active carbon according to claim 1, wherein the length of the steel plate is more than 100mm.
3. The process method for coupling high-temperature tail gas and gas into a furnace in the preparation process of the activated carbon according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the carbonized tail gas and the activated tail gas is 350-450 ℃.
4. The process for preparing active carbon by coupling high-temperature tail gas and gas into a furnace according to claim 1, wherein the pipe diameters of the conveying pipelines of the carbonized tail gas and the activated tail gas are positively correlated with the preparation scale of the active carbon.
5. The process method for coupling high-temperature tail gas and gas into a furnace in the preparation process of active carbon according to claim 4, wherein the pipe diameter of a conveying pipeline of the carbonized tail gas is DN 500-DN 800 and the pipe diameter of the conveying pipeline of the activated tail gas is DN 300-DN 500 in the preparation process of active carbon in a scale of 3-10 t/d.
6. The process for coupling high-temperature tail gas and air into a furnace in the preparation process of active carbon according to claim 1, wherein the mixing pipeline comprises a main pipe and a branch pipeline, one end of the branch pipeline is connected with the main pipe, and the other end of the branch pipeline is connected with a secondary air port of a boiler.
7. The process for coupling high-temperature tail gas and air into a furnace in the preparation process of active carbon according to claim 6, wherein a booster fan is arranged on the main pipe.
8. The process for coupling high-temperature tail gas and air into a furnace in the preparation process of activated carbon according to claim 6, wherein the number of the branch pipes is 5-20.
9. The process for coupling high-temperature tail gas and gas into a furnace in the preparation process of activated carbon according to claim 6, wherein the gas flow rate in the branch pipeline is controlled to be 40-90 m/s.
10. The process for coupling high-temperature tail gas and air into a furnace in the preparation process of active carbon according to claim 6, wherein the secondary air ports connected with the branch pipes are staggered with the secondary air ports not connected with the branch pipes.
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