CN1604992A - 家用热电联产单元 - Google Patents

家用热电联产单元 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1604992A
CN1604992A CNA028254120A CN02825412A CN1604992A CN 1604992 A CN1604992 A CN 1604992A CN A028254120 A CNA028254120 A CN A028254120A CN 02825412 A CN02825412 A CN 02825412A CN 1604992 A CN1604992 A CN 1604992A
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burner
heat
stirling engine
fan
heat exchanger
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CN100567723C (zh
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艾德里安·罗宾·理查森
希瑟·奥德瑞蒂
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Microgen Energy Ltd
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Microgen Energy Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/045—Controlling
    • F02G1/047—Controlling by varying the heating or cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/053—Component parts or details
    • F02G1/055—Heaters or coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
    • F02G5/04—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases in combination with other waste heat from combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D18/00—Small-scale combined heat and power [CHP] generation systems specially adapted for domestic heating, space heating or domestic hot-water supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2101/00—Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2101/80—Electric generators driven by external combustion engines, e.g. Stirling engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2103/00—Thermal aspects of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2103/10—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units
    • F24D2103/13—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units characterised by their heat exchangers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

一种家用热电联产单元(DCHP)，包括：斯特林发动机(1)，燃烧器(3)和辅助燃烧器(11)。通过来自所述斯特林发动机和所述辅助燃烧器的排气来加热水。如果传感器(18)检测到水温已升高表明在排气中热需求不足，那么通常向所述辅助燃烧器提供空气流的风扇(15)，(20)工作，在不使所述燃烧器燃烧的情况下产生冷气流来冷却所述水。

Description

家用热电联产单元
技术领域
本发明涉及一种家用热电联产单元(DCHP，domestic combined heatand power unit)，包括：具有燃烧器的斯特林发动机，该燃烧器将热能输入到发动机头部以驱动一往复式元件，该往复式元件通过交流发电机产生电能输出；热交换器，其中流体接收来自燃烧器的排气的热量；辅助加热器，加热热交换器中的流体；以及风扇，产生从辅助加热器通过热交换器的热气流。下面将该单元称为“所述类型的单元”。
背景技术
这种类型的斯特林发动机技术是公知的，同时例如，在英国申请No.0124985.3中已描述了所述类型的单元。
斯特林发动机需要热量来工作。在许多情况下，家用供热系统的热容量可为所产生的热量提供一种用途。然而，当散热器关闭且不需要热水时，就没有热需求。这将使得流体冷却剂的温度升高从而降低了斯特林发动机的性能。使用者如果认识到该需求，就可通过打开散热器来在一定程度上解决这个问题。然而，并不能依靠这种方法来防止系统过热。
另一种防止过热的方法是根据热需求来驱动斯特林发动机，并且通过电网(grid)提供所需的任何额外的电能。然而，这是不可行的，尤其是在电力切断期间。在这种情况下，可建立DCHP单元来提供用于住宅的热需求，并且在没有家居用电(mains electricity)供应的情况下也可如我们的未决申请0130378.3中描述的那样提供一定的电能，这有利于即使在没有热需求时也可操作该单元通过斯特林发动机提供电能的最大输出。
发明内容
根据本发明，所述类型的单元的特征在于控制器，该控制器用于检测何时由斯特林发动机产生的热量超过预定的需求并且在不使用辅助加热器的情况下操作风扇以产生通过热交换器的未加热的空气流。
因此本发明使用了已在DCHP单元中存在的部件来提供一种散热的方法。通常结合辅助加热器工作的风扇用于提供通过热交换器的冷气流，从而从热交换器带走废热并将其通过通常的排气管道排出。所述风扇具有附加的好处，即产生通过发动机总体的气流从而冷却发动机组件。
由于可将电力输出给电网，因此本发明可用于允许发动机以其最大输出能力工作而无论是否存在本地热需求。这对于使用者来说很经济，即允许在高的本地电力需求时输入电力的费用与在低的本地电力需求时输出电力的收入抵消。
在本发明的一个实施形式中，风扇额外地为斯特林发动机燃烧器产生空气流，并且设置分流阀以控制供给斯特林发动机燃烧器和辅助加热器的空气量。或者，第二风扇向斯特林发动机燃烧器提供空气流。
附图说明
现在将参考附图描述根据本发明所构造单元的示例，在附图中：
图1是示出了第一DCHP单元的示意性剖视图；以及
图2是示出了第二DCHP单元的示意性剖视图。
具体实施方式
所述单元大致环绕斯特林发动机1，冷却器2将热量从该发动机带走且在发动机头部由燃烧器3将热量加入该发动机中。燃烧器3提供有在气阀6控制下混合的空气流4和燃气流5的混合物。风扇7将燃气/空气混合物供给燃烧器3。然后将已加热头部的燃烧产物供给热交换器8，在其中燃烧产物将热量传给水流9。该水流首先被泵10泵送通过冷却器2，在冷却器2处水流的温度升高。然后该水流在热交换器8中进一步被来自燃烧器3的排气加热。
设置辅助加热器11以加热来自燃烧器3的燃气下游的热交换器8中的水。考虑到由斯特林发动机1提供的加热程度来调节燃烧器以满足住宅的热需求。在气阀14的控制下向辅助燃烧器11提供燃气流12和空气流13。混合气体由辅助风扇15供给辅助燃烧器11。
到现在为止已经历三个加热阶段的水作为已加热水流16从热交换器8中排出。已加热的水流16在住宅中绕着回路循环来为中心供暖系统提供热水和/或热量，并当其将热量传给住宅时得以冷却。然后冷却的水由泵10驱动绕着上述供暖系统循环返回，同时来自燃烧器3和辅助燃烧器11的气体将它们的热量传给水流，从而沿着管道17流出热交换器8。
在通常的操作中，当住宅的热需求很大时，燃烧器3和辅助燃烧器11将同时燃烧以提供热需求。如果热需求低，那么就关闭辅助燃烧器，并且由燃烧器3产生的热量将足以满足需求。如果电需求维持不变，而热需求进一步降低，那么由于在住宅中排出的热量较少，因此在回路中的水的温度将升高。传感器18设置在冷却器2中以检测何时水温升高超过阈值。这表明供有热水流16的加热回路不能排放足够的热量来维持斯特林发动机中的温度差。
在这些情况下，为了进一步散量，接收来自传感器18的信号的控制系统将接通辅助风扇15，在不使燃烧器11燃烧的情况下提供通过热交换器8的冷气流。该控制器可改变风扇的速度以保持通过斯特林发动机冷却器2的有利的水温，从而允许保持发电效率并因此消耗较少的燃料。
在图2中示出了DCHP单元的第二示例。该单元的多数部件与图1中示出的部件相同。相同的附图标记用来表示相同的部件，且这里不会再一次描述这些部件。
图1和图2之间的差别在于：图1的双风扇7、15的布置及其相应的燃气和空气流以及控制系统被产生单空气流的单个风扇20取代。该单空气流由分流阀22分为两股气流，根据两个燃烧器3、11的需求通过伺服电机来控制分流阀22的操作。将燃气流23、24供给分离燃气流的相应分支并根据燃烧器的需求由阀6、14对其进行控制。或者，燃气可供给分流阀22上游的气流。
与图1类似，当传感器18显示水温升高到超过阈值时，图2中分流阀22中的叶片可以逆时针旋转以允许空气流流向辅助燃烧器11。辅助燃烧器保持关闭，冷气流通过热交换器8。这提供了与图1中示出的装置相同的效果，但是需要更少的元件。

Claims (4)

1.一种家用热电联产单元，包括：具有燃烧器的斯特林发动机，该燃烧器将热能输入到发动机头部以驱动一往复式元件，该往复式元件通过交流发电机产生电能输出；热交换器，其中流体接收来自所述燃烧器的排气的热量；辅助加热器，其加热所述热交换器中的所述流体；以及风扇，产生从辅助加热器通过热交换器的热气流；其特征在于一控制器，该控制器用于检测何时由所述斯特林发动机产生的热量超过预定的需求并且在不使用所述辅助燃烧器的情况下操作所述风扇以产生通过所述热交换器的未加热气流。
2.根据权利要求1所述的单元，其特征在于，
所述风扇额外地为所述斯特林发动机燃烧器产生空气流，并且设置分流阀以控制供给所述斯特林发动机燃烧器和辅助加热器的空气量。
3.根据权利要求1所述的单元，其特征在于，
一第二风扇向所述斯特林发动机燃烧器提供空气流。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的单元，其特征在于，
所述控制器是发动机控制系统的一部分。
CNB028254120A 2001-12-19 2002-12-18 家用热电联产单元 Expired - Fee Related CN100567723C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0130378.3A GB0130378D0 (en) 2001-12-19 2001-12-19 A domestic combined heat and power unit
GB0130378.3 2001-12-19

Publications (2)

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CN1604992A true CN1604992A (zh) 2005-04-06
CN100567723C CN100567723C (zh) 2009-12-09

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US (1) US6971236B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1456521B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP4167987B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR100896033B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN100567723C (zh)
AR (1) AR038457A1 (zh)
AT (1) ATE305089T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU2002352449A1 (zh)
BR (1) BR0206818A (zh)
CA (1) CA2470334C (zh)
DE (1) DE60206298T2 (zh)
GB (1) GB0130378D0 (zh)
RU (1) RU2004121979A (zh)
TW (1) TW200305682A (zh)
WO (1) WO2003052254A1 (zh)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104033269A (zh) * 2014-06-26 2014-09-10 赵铭 生物质燃烧发电装置

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EP1456521A1 (en) 2004-09-15
BR0206818A (pt) 2004-02-03
RU2004121979A (ru) 2005-04-27
ATE305089T1 (de) 2005-10-15
DE60206298D1 (de) 2006-02-02
GB0130378D0 (en) 2002-02-06
WO2003052254A1 (en) 2003-06-26
JP2005513321A (ja) 2005-05-12
US20050138926A1 (en) 2005-06-30
US6971236B2 (en) 2005-12-06
EP1456521B1 (en) 2005-09-21
CN100567723C (zh) 2009-12-09
TW200305682A (en) 2003-11-01
AR038457A1 (es) 2005-01-19
JP4167987B2 (ja) 2008-10-22
KR20040077858A (ko) 2004-09-07
CA2470334C (en) 2008-03-18
CA2470334A1 (en) 2003-06-26
AU2002352449A1 (en) 2003-06-30
KR100896033B1 (ko) 2009-05-11
DE60206298T2 (de) 2006-06-08

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