CN1597871A - Technical process for gasification of fluidized-bed CO gasifying furnace and apparatus thereof - Google Patents
Technical process for gasification of fluidized-bed CO gasifying furnace and apparatus thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a gasification process which uses O2+CO2 or air+CO2 as a gasifying agent for fluidized bed CO gasification furnace, and its device, using O2 and CO2 as gasifying agent, and 0-10 mm-sized fine coke and blind coal as raw materials, adopting continuously-gasifying fluidized bed gasification furnace as a gasifier, namely adopting continuous gasification process; or using air and CO2 as gasifying agent, using 0-10 mm-sizd fine coke, blind coal, lean coal, long flame coal and wood coal as raw materials, adopting intermittently-gasifying fluidized bed gasification furnace as a gasifying device, namely adopting intermittent gasification process, reducing CO2 gas into CO gas to make highly pure CO gas as organic synthetic raw material. The advantage are the raw material source is rich, it retrieves and uses the CO2 gas to act as the gasifying agent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a novel coal gasification process in the field of coal chemical industry, in particular to a gasification process method and a device of a fluidized bed CO gasification furnace.
Background
CO is the main organic synthetic raw material of monocarbon chemistry, and reacts with water, methanol, ammonia, etc. to produce organic chemicals such as formic acid, formamide, acetic acid, etc. At present, the domestic production of CO gas mostly adopts a fixed bed gasification furnace to produce water gas or air gas, and then high-purity CO gas is obtained by separating the water gas or the air gasAnd CO gas of degree. China has enterprises for producing acetic acid by adopting CO and methanol processes, and CO is used2And O2The process for producing CO gas by using fixed bed gasification furnace as gasifying agent features use of foundry coke as raw material, which is high in cost and gradually lowered in temp. along the height of furnace to about 600 deg.C at outlet of furnace The reaction of (2) is a reversible reaction, so that the equilibrium composition of CO is lowered at an outlet furnace temperature, and thus a fixed bed gasification furnace cannot easily obtain a high-content CO raw material gas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for using O2+CO2Or air + CO2A gasification process method of a fluidized bed CO gasification furnace as a gasification agent and a device thereof.
The technical scheme for realizing the aim is that a fluidized bed gasification furnace is adopted as main equipment, and oxygen-containing gas and CO are used2The gasification agent is prepared from coke breeze or pulverized coal by performing gasification reaction of carbon in fluidized bed gasification furnace, and continuously or intermittently gasifying CO2The gas is reduced into CO gas, and high-purity CO gas is prepared and used as an organic synthesis raw material.
The continuous gasification method is O2And CO2Taking coke powder with the diameter of 0-10 mm and anthracite as raw materials as a gasifying agent, adopting a fluidized bed gasification furnace which continuously gasifies as gasification equipment, determining the working temperature of the fluidized bed gasification furnace according to the ash melting point of raw material coal, wherein the working temperature is 150-250 ℃ lower than the ash melting point, the fluidizing speed of the fluidized bed gasification furnace is 0.8-1.2 m/s, and the generated CO gas is dedusted by a high-temperature cyclone separator and separated to obtain carbon-containing gasThe dust returns to the furnace through the discharging pipe and the material returning device to participate in the reaction again, and the CO gas after primary dust removal passes through the tubular heat exchanger and the CO gas entering the furnace2After heat exchange, the gas enters a gas purification system, is further washed and dedusted, and is sent to a gas cabinet for processing.
The batch gasification method is to use air and CO2Is a gasification agent, coke powder with the diameter of 0-10 mm, anthracite,Lean coal, long flame coal and lignite are used as raw materials, and a fluidized bed gasification furnace which works in intermittent gasification is used as gasification equipment to produce CO gas; the whole gas making process is divided into air supply for combustion and CO supply2And (3) two gasification stages, wherein the time distribution of the combustion stage and the gasification stage is about 4: 6, the two stages are circularly alternated, the highest working temperature of the fluidized bed gasification furnace is 150-250 ℃ lower than the ash melting point of the raw material coal, the general conversion temperature range is 50 ℃ → 100 ℃, and the fluidization speed of the fluidized bed gasification furnace is 0.8-1.2 m/s.
In the air supply combustion stage, air is supplied to the gasification furnace, so that coal in the gasification furnace is combusted in a fluidized state, the temperature of a bed layer is rapidly increased, and air supply is stopped when the temperature of the bed layer is increased to a preset maximum working temperature; gasification furnace is shifted to supply CO2A gasification stage of gas, supplying CO to the gasification furnace2And gas, namely performing the Brauduer reaction on the high-temperature material layer in the furnace in a fluidized state to generate CO gas. Since the reaction is a strongly endothermic reaction, the bed temperature rapidly decreases, and when the bed temperature decreases to a predetermined temperature (generally more than 950 ℃ C. depending on the activity of the raw material coal), the supply of CO is stopped2And (4) qi.
When coal with high water content and volatile component is used as raw material, coal is added in the combustion stage to remove water content and volatile component from coal in the combustion stage to obtain coke.
The device for implementing the continuous gasification method comprises a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace (1), a cyclone separator (2), a blanking pipe (4), a material returning device (5), a tubular heat exchanger (3) and a CO purification system (10), wherein the upper part of the fluidized bed gasification furnace (1)is cylindrical, the lower part of the fluidized bed gasification furnace is inverted conical, a furnace body is of a steel plate structure with a refractory lining, an air chamber (7) and a slag discharge valve are sequentially arranged at the lower part of the furnace body, and a coal bunker (8) is connected with the gasification furnace (1) through a spiral coal feeder (9); be equipped with cyclone (2) on furnace body upper portion stove export, cyclone (2) lower extreme is connected down pipe (4), returning charge ware (5) in proper order, links to each other with fluidized bed gasifier (1) through returning charge ware (5), and the top export of cyclone (2) links to each other with tubular heat exchanger (3), and its lower extreme exhanst gas outlet links to each other with CO clean system (10), and the heat transfer gas export links to each other with venturi mixer (6).
The device for implementing the intermittent gasification method comprises an intermittent fluidized bed gasification furnace1) The device comprises a cyclone separator (2), a blanking pipe (4), a material returning device (5), a tubular heat exchanger (3), a CO purification system (10) and a flue gas purification system (13), wherein the upper part of a fluidized bed gasification furnace (1) is cylindrical, the lower part of the fluidized bed gasification furnace is inverted conical, the furnace body is of a steel plate structure with a refractory lining, the lower part of the furnace body is sequentially provided with an air chamber (7) and a slag discharge valve, and a coal bunker (8) is connected with the gasification furnace (1) through a spiral coal feeder (9); a cyclone separator (2) is sequentially arranged on the furnace outlet at the upper part of the furnace body, and the lower end of the cyclone separator (2) is sequentially connected with a blanking pipe (4) and a material returning device(5) Is connected with the fluidized bed gasification furnace (1) through a material returning device (5), the top outlet of the cyclone separator (2) is connected with the tubular heat exchanger (3), and the upper end of the tubular heat exchanger (3) is provided with a gas outlet connected with CO2A gas inlet connected with the reversing valve (11-1) and the air reversing valve (11-2), a lower outlet connected with the CO purification system (10) and the flue gas purification system (13) through the CO reversing valve (12-1) and the flue gas reversing valve (12-2), and a heat exchange gas outlet connected with the air inlet of the air chamber (7) at the lower end.
Compared with the prior method adopting a fixed bed CO gasification furnace, the method has the following advantages:
(1) the raw material source is rich. The fluidized bed is used for continuous gasification, and 0-10 mm of coke powder and anthracite powder can be used; the fluidized bed intermittent gasification method can use not only 0-10 mm of coke powder and anthracite powder, but also 0-10 mm of lean coal, subbituminous coal, long-flame coal and the like.
(2) Introducing CO2As a gasifying agent, due to CO2Is greenhouse effect gas, and can not only produce economic benefit, but also improve environmental condition by recycling.
(3) Because the fluidized bed gasification furnace is in a fluidized condition with CO2The full contact reaction is carried out, the reaction speed is high at the same temperature, and the equilibrium components are easy to reach. Because the temperature of the material layer in the furnace is uniform, the high-component CO gas is easy to reach.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a continuous gasification process of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a fluidized bed batch gasification process of the present invention.
Fluidized bed gasification furnace 1, cyclone separator 2, tubular heat exchanger 4, discharge pipe 5, return feeder 6, venturi mixer 7, air chamber 8, coal bunker 9, spiral coal feeder 10, CO purification system 11-1 CO2Flue gas purification system with reversing valve 11-2, air reversing valve 12-1, CO reversing valve 12-2 and flue gas reversing valve 13
Detailed Description
1. Fluidized bed continuous gasification process
As shown in figure 1, the process is carried out by mixing pure oxygen (98% or more) with CO2Gas is mixed as a gasifying agent, 0-10 mm coke powder is used as a raw material and is sent into a gasification furnace (1) through a spiral coal feeder (9), and CO2The gas is heated to 600 ℃ by the pipe type heat exchanger (3), then mixed with oxygen in proportion by the Venturi mixer (6), and then enters the gasification furnace (1) from the air chamber (7) to ensure that a carbon layer in the gasification furnace is in a fluidized state and O2And CO2The oxidation-reduction reaction is carried out at high temperature to generate CO gas, the temperature of the bed layer is reduced because the reaction is exothermic and endothermic, and the temperature of the bed layer is in a stable state when the two reactions are in heat balance. The temperature being dependent on the charThe ash melting point is determined and generally does not exceed 1150 ℃. The generated high-temperature CO gas passes through the cyclone separator (2) from the outlet of the gasification furnace (1), and the separated carbon-containing dust returns into the gasification furnace (1) through the discharging pipe (4) and the material returning device (5) to participate in the reaction again. The CO gas after dust removal enters the tubular heat exchanger (3) and the CO entering the system2And (4) exchanging heat of the raw material gas. And the crude CO gas in the heat exchanger of the tubular heat exchanger (3) is sent into a purification system (10) for further washing, dedusting and cooling, and then sent to a gas chamber for processing.
2. Fluidized bed batch gasification process
As shown in FIG. 2, the process is carried out by mixing air and CO2Is a gasifying agent. The fluidized bed gasification furnace adopts an intermittent working method, namely the whole gas making process is divided into two stages: air is supplied to the gasification furnace in the air supply combustion stage, so that the coal material in the gasification furnace is combusted in a fluidized state, the temperature of the bed layer is rapidly increased when the temperature of the bed layer is increased to a preset temperature (generally 150 ℃ C. to E ℃; depending on the ash melting point of the raw material coalAt 250 ℃), stopping air supply; gasification furnace is shifted to supply CO2A gasification stage of gas, supplying CO to the gasification furnace2And gas, namely performing the Brauduer reaction on the high-temperature material layer in the furnace in a fluidized state to generate CO gas. Since the reaction is a strongly endothermic reaction, the bed temperature rapidly decreases, and when the bed temperature decreases to a predetermined temperature (generally more than 950 ℃ C. depending on the activity of the raw material coal), the supply of CO is stopped2And (4) qi. The gasification furnace is shifted to the air supply combustion stage. The two stages are alternately reciprocated to prepare CO gas. Because the whole process is carried out in a fluidized state, the bed layer temperature is very uniform after uniform mixing, and the reaction is very rapid. Other stages of the fixed bed gasification furnace are not needed, the operation is simple, and the automation is easy.
The specific implementation steps are that 0-10 mm of raw material coal is added into the furnace from a coal bunker (8) through a spiral coal feeder (9). In the air supply combustion stage. Air from a Roots blower sequentially passes through an air reversing valve 11-2 and a tubular heat exchanger (3), the air is heated to 600 ℃, then enters a gasification furnace (1) through an air chamber (7), a material layer in the furnace is combusted in a fluidized state, the temperature of a bed layer is rapidly increased, when the temperature of the bed layer is increased to 1100 ℃, the air supply is stopped, the gasification furnace is switched to supply CO2And (3) a gas gasification stage. At this time, the air reversing valve 11-2 is closed, the flue gas reversing valve 12-2 is closed, and CO is discharged2The change valve 11-1 and the CO change valve 12-1 are opened to supply CO to the gasification furnace (1)2Gas, in turn, passes through CO2A reversing valve 11-1, a tubular heat exchanger (3), CO2Heated to 600 ℃, enters the gasification furnace (1) through the air chamber (7) and carries out the Brauduer reaction with the high-temperature material layer in a fluidized state to generate CO gas. The temperature of the bed begins to drop and when the temperature drops to 950 ℃, the CO feeding is stopped2And (4) qi. The gasification furnace is shifted to the stage of air supply combustion. High-temperature flue gas generated in the combustion stage enters the cyclone separator (2) from the outlet of the furnace, and the separated carbon-containing dust returns to the gasification furnace (1) for reburning through the material return pipe (4) and the material return device (5). The high-temperature flue gas after primary dust removal is subjected to heat exchange and temperature reduction to be below 500 ℃ through the tubular heat exchanger (3), and enters the flue gas purification system (13) through the flue gas heat exchange valve 12-2. Further cooling and dust settling, and discharging the dust to the atmosphere after the dust content reaches the discharge standard. CO gas generated in the gasification stage enters into cyclone separation from the outlet of the furnaceAnd in the device (2), the separated carbon-containing dust returns into the furnace for regasification through the feeding pipe (4) and the material returning device (5), the primarily-dedusted CO gas is subjected to heat exchange through the tubular heat exchanger (3) and cooled to below 500 ℃, enters the CO purification system (10) through the CO gas reversing valve (12-1) for cooling and dedusting, and is sent into the CO gas holder for processing after being cooled. The conversion between the air supply combustion stage and the carbon dioxide supply gasification stage is automatically carried out according to the set temperature.
One cycle of the gas making process is 4-5 minutes, the cycle time of the air combustion stage is 40 percent, and CO is supplied2The gas making phase is about 60% of the cycle time. The fluidized bed intermittent gasification method does not need oxygen production equipment, has small investment and low operation cost, is suitable for medium and small air source projects, has wide raw material sources, and is suitable for almost all coal types. In particular to the young coal with high volatility, such as sub-bituminous coal, long-flame coal and the like. The coal ash has low melting point, good activity and high volatile and moisture content. For continuous gasification, H is contained in product gas2And high content of carbon and nitrogen compounds. Causing difficulties for subsequent purification of CO. During intermittent gasification, coal is added in the air supply combustion stage, and moisture and volatile matters in the coal entering the furnace are quickly dried and carbonized in the combustion stage for combustion; to supply CO2In the gasification stage, the raw coal is already coke. Therefore, the moisture and volatile components in the coal have no influence on the product gas, which is also a great advantage of the gasification method.
Claims (6)
1. A gasification process of a fluidized bed CO gasification furnace is characterized in that the fluidized bed gasification furnace is adopted as main equipment, and oxygen-containing gas and CO are used2The gasification agent is prepared from coke breeze or pulverized coal by performing gasification reaction of carbon in fluidized bed gasification furnace, and continuously or intermittently gasifying CO2The gas is reduced into CO gas to prepare high-purity CO gas which is used as an organic synthesis raw material.
2. The gasification process of fluidized-bed CO gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the continuous gasification is O2And CO2Is a gasifying agent, 0-10 mm cokeThe powder and anthracite are used as raw materials, a fluidized bed gasification furnace which continuously gasifies is used as gasification equipment, the working temperature of the fluidized bed gasification furnace is determined according to the ash melting point of the raw material coal and is 150 □ -250 □ lower than the ash melting point, the fluidizing speed of the fluidized bed gasification furnace is 0.8-1.2 m/s, the generated CO gas is dedusted by a high-temperature cyclone separator, the separated carbon-containing dust is returned into the furnace through a blanking pipe and a return feeder to participate in reaction again, and the primarily dedusted CO gas is then communicatedwith the CO which is fed into the furnace through a pipe type heat exchanger2After heat exchange, the gas enters a gas purification system, is further washed and dedusted, and is sent to a gas cabinet for processing.
3. The gasification process of the fluidized-bed CO gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the batch gasification is air and CO2The gasification agent is 0-10 mm coke powder, anthracite, lean coal, long-flame coal and lignite are used as raw materials, and a fluidized bed gasification furnace which works in intermittent gasification is used as gasification equipment to produce CO gas; the whole gas making process is divided into air supply for combustion and CO supply2The time distribution of the combustion stage and the gasification stage is about 4 □ 6, the highest working temperature of the fluidized bed gasification furnace is 150 □ -250 □ lower than the ash melting point of the raw material coal, the general conversion temperature range is 50 □ → 100 □, and the fluidization speed of the fluidized bed gasification furnace is 0.8-1.2 m/s; in the air supply combustion stage, air is supplied to the gasification furnace, so that coal in the gasification furnace is combusted in a fluidized state, the temperature of a bed layer is rapidly increased, and air supply is stopped when the temperature of the bed layer is increased to a preset maximum working temperature; gasification furnace is shifted to supply CO2A gasification stage of gas, supplying CO to the gasification furnace2Gas, making high-temp. material layer in the furnace implement Braudouer reaction in fluidized state to produce CO gas, when the bed layer temp. is reduced to predefined temp. (generally greater than 950 deg.C depending on activity of raw material coal), stopping feeding CO gas2The gas enters the air supply combustion stage again. The switching of the two phases is automatically performed according to the set temperature.
4. The gasification process of a fluidized bed CO gasification furnace according to claim 3, wherein coal with high moisture and volatile components is added in the combustion stage when the coal is used as raw material, so that the coal is removed from moisture and volatile components in the combustion stage to form coke.
5. The device for realizing the gasification process of the fluidized bed CO gasification furnace, according to the claim 2, is characterized in that the device comprises a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace (1), a cyclone separator (2), a blanking pipe (4), a material returning device (5), a tubular heat exchanger (3) and a CO purification system (10), wherein the upper part of the fluidized bed gasification furnace (1) is cylindrical, the lower part of the fluidized bed gasification furnace is inverted conical, a furnace body is of a steel plate structure with a refractory lining, the lower part of the furnace body is sequentially provided with an air chamber (7) and a slag discharge valve, and a coal bunker (8) is connected with the gasification furnace (1) through a spiral coal feeder (9; cyclone (2) is sequentially arranged on a furnace outlet at the upper part of the furnace body, the lower end of the cyclone (2) is sequentially connected with a blanking pipe (4) and a material returning device (5) and is connected with the fluidized bed gasification furnace (1) through the material returning device (5), the top outlet of the cyclone (2) is connected with a tubular heat exchanger (3), the lower end outlet of the cyclone is connected with a CO purification system (10), and the heat exchange gas outlet is connected with a Venturi mixer (6).
6. The device for realizing the gasification process of the fluidized bed CO gasification furnace, which is disclosed by the claim 3, is characterized by comprising an intermittent fluidized bed gasification furnace (1), a cyclone separator (2), a blanking pipe (4), a material returning device (5), a tubular heat exchanger (3), a CO purification system (10) and a flue gas purification system (13), wherein the upper part of the fluidized bed gasification furnace (1) is cylindrical, the lower part of the fluidized bed gasification furnace is inverted conical, a furnace body is of a steel plate structure with a refractory lining, the lower part of the furnace body is sequentially provided with an air chamber (7) and a slag discharge valve, and a coal bunker (8) is connected with the gasification furnace (1) through a spiral coal feeder (9; a cyclone separator (2) is arranged on a furnace outlet at the upper part of the furnace body, the lower end of the cyclone separator (2) is sequentially connected with a blanking pipe (4) and a material returning device (5) and is connected with the fluidized bed gasification furnace (1) through the material returning device (5), the top outlet of the cyclone separator (2) is connected with a tubular heat exchanger (3), and the upper end of the tubular heat exchanger (3) is provided with a gas outlet connected with CO2A gas inlet connected with the reversing valve (11-1) and the air reversing valve (11-2), a lower outlet connected with the CO purification system (10) and the flue gas purification system (13) through the CO reversing valve (12-1) and the flue gas reversing valve (12-2), and a heat exchange gas outlet connected with the air inlet of the air chamber (7) at the lower end.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102277201A (en) * | 2011-07-05 | 2011-12-14 | 舒克孝 | Method for preparing water gas by intermittent gasification of pulverized coal |
| CN101624539B (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2012-04-18 | 兖矿集团有限公司 | Method of taking supplementary carbon source as gasifying agent of water-coal slurry gasifying furnace |
| CN102732317A (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2012-10-17 | 林冲 | Technological process for preparing synthetic gas by using biomass |
| RU2466178C2 (en) * | 2008-09-08 | 2012-11-10 | Мицубиси Хеви Индастрис, Лтд. | Plant for coal gasification |
| CN104633650A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-05-20 | 银川多贝科技有限公司 | Non-emission circulating combustion carbon dioxide denaturation device of coal-fired furnace |
| CN107227174A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2017-10-03 | 枣庄学院 | A kind of Novel brown coal gasification system and method |
| CN109628153A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-04-16 | 江苏普格机械有限公司 | The method and fluidized-bed gasification furnace of coal gasification efficiency can be improved |
| CN111019713A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-04-17 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Material returning system |
| CN113025388A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-06-25 | 北京科技大学 | Method for co-resource utilization of urban solid waste and carbon dioxide |
| CN114717027A (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2022-07-08 | 新疆宜化化工有限公司 | Circulating fluidized bed gasification device and process suitable for high-alkali low-ash-melting-point coal |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101624539B (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2012-04-18 | 兖矿集团有限公司 | Method of taking supplementary carbon source as gasifying agent of water-coal slurry gasifying furnace |
| RU2466178C2 (en) * | 2008-09-08 | 2012-11-10 | Мицубиси Хеви Индастрис, Лтд. | Plant for coal gasification |
| CN102277201A (en) * | 2011-07-05 | 2011-12-14 | 舒克孝 | Method for preparing water gas by intermittent gasification of pulverized coal |
| CN102732317A (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2012-10-17 | 林冲 | Technological process for preparing synthetic gas by using biomass |
| CN104633650A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-05-20 | 银川多贝科技有限公司 | Non-emission circulating combustion carbon dioxide denaturation device of coal-fired furnace |
| CN107227174A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2017-10-03 | 枣庄学院 | A kind of Novel brown coal gasification system and method |
| CN109628153A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-04-16 | 江苏普格机械有限公司 | The method and fluidized-bed gasification furnace of coal gasification efficiency can be improved |
| CN111019713A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-04-17 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Material returning system |
| CN114717027A (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2022-07-08 | 新疆宜化化工有限公司 | Circulating fluidized bed gasification device and process suitable for high-alkali low-ash-melting-point coal |
| CN113025388A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-06-25 | 北京科技大学 | Method for co-resource utilization of urban solid waste and carbon dioxide |
| CN113025388B (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2022-01-28 | 北京科技大学 | Method for co-resource utilization of urban solid waste and carbon dioxide |
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