CN216073699U - Biomass gasification system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a biomass gasification system, which comprises a feeding system, a reaction system and a gas post-treatment system; the biomass raw material is dried, dehydrated, crushed and molded by a feeding system to prepare feeding particles with equivalent particle size distribution meeting the requirement, the feeding particles are respectively added into a high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace through a feeder to react, and the biomass raw material is converted into CO and H2Is a high-temperature raw synthesis gas with main components,the high-temperature crude synthesis gas sequentially enters a synthesis gas cooler and a solid particle controller to respectively complete sensible heat recovery and purification and dust removal to generate low-temperature purified synthesis gas, the low-temperature purified synthesis gas enters a downstream synthesis gas post-treatment system to perform transformation reaction and desulfurization and decarburization to obtain synthesis gas meeting the requirement of a subsequent synthesis process, efficient conversion of biomass can be realized under a pressurization operation condition, the content of effective gas in the product synthesis gas is more than 75%, the raw material adaptability is wide, and the energy-saving, environment-friendly and competitive properties are strong.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the field of energy, and relates to a biomass gasification system.
Background
At present, the main mode of biomass utilization in China is to prepare methane through biomass fermentation or produce low-medium calorific value fuel gas through fixed bed and fluidized bed gasification and then carry out combustion power generation and heat supply. Patent CN109181772A discloses a biomass gasification power generation system based on stirling engine, which comprises a biomass dryer, a biomass gasification furnace, a gasification furnace blower, a dust remover and a stirling engine; patent CN109578961A discloses a biomass gasification coupling direct-fired power generation system, which comprises a biomass gasification system and a biomass direct-fired power generation system, wherein the biomass gasification system comprises a biomass gasification furnace and a heat exchanger; patent CN109297048A discloses a biomass gasification heating stove, which comprises a main body and a gasification combustion system arranged in the main body, and is used for decomposing and cracking biomass fuel, then gasifying the biomass fuel, and combusting the gasified biomass fuel to generate heat; patent CN109536207A discloses a biomass gasification furnace with a normal-pressure fixed bed and a biomass normal-pressure gasification method, comprising a gas collection chamber, a condensation chamber, a degreasing chamber, a dust removal chamber, a gasification chamber and the like, and a gasification agent chamber; patent CN109504459A discloses a dry slag biomass gasification furnace, which comprises a furnace body and a dry slag tapping furnace bottom structure, wherein the furnace bottom structure comprises a fire grate, a slag tapping device for discharging slag in the furnace body, and a slag separating device for collecting and discharging slag in the slag tapping device; patent CN209338470U discloses a production device for producing synthesis gas by biomass gasification, which comprises a biomass gasification device, a cyclone separator, a steam generation device, a gas mixer, a reforming reaction device and a product collection device;
however, the current biomass gasification technology mainly has the following problems:
1) mainly takes normal pressure fixed bed and fluidized bed gasification as main products, the main product is medium-low heat fuel gas used for heating and power generation boiler systems, the quality of the synthesis gas is poor, and H is H2The ratio of/CO is low, the tar content in the synthesis gas is high, and coking and blockage of a pipeline system are easy to occur;
2) the gasification temperature is low, the carbon conversion rate is low, and due to the structural design defects of the gasification furnace, the feeding and deslagging systems are easy to break down, so that the gasification furnace is difficult to realize continuous operation and large-scale production;
3) the device has small scale, difficult industrial amplification, poor quality of the synthesis gas, low content of effective gas, high dust content and tar content of the synthesis gas, and difficult coupling with a synthesis production system for preparing liquid fuels such as methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, biomass diesel and the like and chemicals from the synthesis gas;
4) the gasifier has poor adaptability to biomass raw materials, and the synthesis gas cooling, tar removal, purification and dust removal can generate a large amount of waste water with complex composition which is difficult to treat, thereby having poor environmental protection.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the utility model provides a biomass gasification system based on the core concepts of high-rate circulating fluidization and rapid heat dispersion, and the biomass gasification system is based on the core technologies of high-rate circulating fluidization and rapid heat dispersion, has strong adaptability of biomass raw materials, high carbon conversion rate, high content of effective gas of synthesis gas, continuous and stable feeding, and can realize continuous and large-scale production.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
a biomass gasification system comprises a feeding system, a reaction system and a gas post-treatment system;
the reaction system comprises two sets of same reaction equipment, namely first reaction equipment and second reaction equipment, wherein the first reaction equipment comprises a first feeder, a first high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace, a first synthesis gas cooler and a first solid particle controller which are sequentially connected; the second reaction equipment comprises a second feeder, a second high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace, a second synthesis gas cooler and a second solid particle controller which are connected in sequence;
a feeding system for biomass dehydration, extrusion and granulation is respectively connected with a first feeder and a second feeder of a first reaction device and a second reaction device for feeding, and synthetic gas outlets of the first reaction device and the second reaction device are communicated with a gas post-treatment system;
the first feeder and the second feeder are also respectively connected with a gas conveying pipeline, the first high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace and the second high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace are respectively connected with an oxygen and steam mixed conveying pipeline, and the first synthetic gas cooler and the second synthetic gas cooler are provided with a boiler water feeding pipeline and a steam discharging pipeline;
the biomass raw material is dried, dehydrated, crushed and molded by a feeding system to prepare feeding particles with equivalent particle size distribution meeting the requirement, the feeding particles are quantitatively added into a first high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace and a second high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace through a first feeder and a second feeder respectively to react, the biomass raw material is converted into high-temperature crude synthesis gas mainly comprising CO and H2, the high-temperature crude synthesis gas sequentially enters a first synthesis gas cooler, a second synthesis gas cooler, a first solid particle controller and a second solid particle controller to respectively complete sensible heat recovery and purification and dust removal, and then the generated low-temperature purified synthesis gas enters a downstream synthesis gas post-processing system to carry out conversion reaction, desulfurization and decarburization so as to obtain the synthesis gas meeting the subsequent synthesis process.
Further, slag discharging ports of the first high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace, the second high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace, the first solid particle controller and the second solid particle controller are connected with a slag cooling and collecting system.
Furthermore, the synthesis gas outlet of the gas post-treatment system is respectively connected with the first high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace, the second high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace, the first solid particle controller and the second solid particle controller through circulating gas pipelines, and a circulating gas compressor is installed on the circulating gas pipelines.
The utility model has the following beneficial effects:
1) can realize the high-efficiency conversion of the biomass under the operating conditions of pressurization and high temperature. The high-rate particle circulation is 80-150, the temperature rise rate is 90000-100000 ℃/s, and the system gasification temperature range is 980-1200 ℃, so that the heat and mass transfer rate and the temperature field in a core gasification reaction device can be uniformly distributed, the total carbon conversion rate can be ensured to be more than 99.5%, the gasification reaction operating pressure is 3.0-4.0 MPa, and the gasification device can be stably compatible and coupled with subsequent carbon-synthesis production systems such as synthesis gas conversion, low-temperature methanol washing, methanol synthesis and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis;
2) the synthesis gas has high quality. Effective gas (CO + H) in product synthesis gas2) The content is more than 75 vol% (dry basis), and the ash content in the synthetic gas discharged from a gasification furnace boundary area is less than 30mg/Nm3The tar-free component of the synthesis gas, H2the/CO is more than 1, and stable, continuous and high-quality raw material gas can be provided for a subsequent carbon-synthesis production system;
3) the raw materials have wide adaptability. The biomass gasification furnace can be used for preparing crop straws, agricultural product processing residues, forest trees, organic solid wastes, household garbage and the like as raw materials, has no special requirements on the ash content, ash melting point, volatile content, fixed carbon content, grindability and the like of biomass, and breaks through the technical bottleneck that the gasification device system is easy to slag and block and cannot realize continuous operation due to the fact that the ash melting point is reduced because of the high alkali metal content in the biomass ash.
4) The scale effect is obvious. Based on the unique core technology of high-rate circulating fluidization and rapid heat dispersion, the core gasification device is easy to realize large-scale amplification, the technology is safe and reliable, the operation flexibility is large, the specific oxygen consumption and the specific steam consumption are lower than those of the conventional biomass gasification technology, the operation load of the device can be flexibly adjusted, and the investment intensity and the unit production cost advantage of synthesis gas are obvious.
5) The energy-saving and environment-friendly competitiveness is strong. The synthetic gas in the out-of-range area has no tar component, low dust content, no need of complex tar and dust removal, dry ash discharge, no need of quenching, high-efficiency dry recovery of sensible heat of the synthetic gas, and no generation of waste water of tar removal, quenching and dust removal which are difficult to treat.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention
In the figure: 1-biomass feedstock; 2-conveying gas; 3-oxygen; 4-steam; 5-boiler feed water; 6-steam production; 7-synthesis gas; 8-circulating gas; 9-solid slag; 10-feed particles; 11-crude synthesis gas; 100-feed system, 200-reaction system and 300-gas aftertreatment system; 400-recycle gas compressor; 500-solid slag cooling and collecting system; 201 a-a first feeder; 201 b-a second feeder; 202 a-a first high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace; 202 b-a second high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace; 203 a-a first syngas cooler; 203 b-a second syngas cooler, 204 a-a first solids controller; 204 b-a second solids controller.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be explained in further detail with reference to examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the biomass gasification system includes a feed system 100, a reaction system 200, and a gas aftertreatment system 300;
the reaction system 200 consists of two sets of identical reaction equipment, namely a first reaction equipment and a second reaction equipment, wherein the first reaction equipment comprises a first feeder 201a, a first high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace 202a, a first synthesis gas cooler 203a and a first solid particle controller 204a which are sequentially connected; the second reaction device comprises a second feeder 201b, a second high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace 202b, a second synthesis gas cooler 203b and a second solid particle controller 204b which are connected in sequence.
The feeding system 100 is used for biomass dehydration, extrusion and granulation, and the feeding system 100 is connected with the first feeder 201a and the second feeder 201b of the first reaction equipment and the second reaction equipment respectively for feeding. The first reaction device and the second reaction device syngas outlets communicate with the gas aftertreatment system 300.
The first feeder 201a and the second feeder 201b are further connected with a conveying gas pipeline respectively, the first high-rate circulating gasification furnace 202a and the second high-rate circulating gasification furnace 202b are connected with a mixed conveying pipeline of oxygen 3 and steam 4 respectively, and the first syngas cooler 203a and the second syngas cooler 203b are provided with a boiler water feeding pipeline and a steam discharging pipeline.
The slag discharge ports of the first high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace 202a, the second high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace 202b and the first solid particle controller 204a, and the second solid particle controller 204b are connected with a slag cooling and collecting system 500, the synthetic gas outlet of the gas post-treatment system 300 is respectively connected with the first high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace 202a, the second high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace 202b, the first solid particle controller 204a, and the second solid particle controller 204b through circulating gas pipelines, a circulating gas compressor 400 is installed on the circulating gas pipelines, and part of the synthetic gas returns to the reaction system 200 through the circulating gas compressor 400 to be used as circulating gas 8.
The biomass raw material 1 is dried, dehydrated, crushed and molded by a feeding system 100 to prepare feeding particles 10 with equivalent particle size distribution meeting the requirement, the feeding particles 10 are respectively and quantitatively added into a first high-rate circulating gasification furnace 202a and a second high-rate circulating gasification furnace 202b preheated to 500-900 ℃ in advance through a first feeder 201a and a second feeder 201b under the auxiliary action of conveying gas 2, meanwhile, according to the composition and gasification characteristics of biomass, air/oxygen-enriched air/carbon dioxide/oxygen 3 and steam 4 are mixed in proportion and then added into the first high-rate circulating gasification furnace 202a and the second high-rate circulating gasification furnace 202b preheated to a set target temperature in advance, and then parameter regulation and control are carried out to obtain the feeding particles 10 with equivalent particle size distribution meeting the requirementThe first high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace 202a and the second high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace 202b are enabled to reach the set target operation temperature and pressure, all materials entering the first high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace 202a and the second high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace 202b are subjected to thermal cracking reaction, high-temperature carbon oxidation/reduction reaction, catalytic cracking reaction, water gas shift reaction, methanation reaction and the like under the appropriate mass distribution of biomass raw material 1 feeding quantity, air/oxygen-enriched air/carbon dioxide/oxygen 3 and steam 4, and the biomass raw material 1 is converted into CO and H2The high-temperature raw synthesis gas is mainly composed, the high-temperature raw synthesis gas sequentially enters a first synthesis gas cooler 203a, a second synthesis gas cooler 203b, a first solid particle controller 204a and a second solid particle controller 204b, the low-temperature purified synthesis gas 11 generated after sensible heat recovery, purification and dust removal are respectively completed continues to enter a downstream synthesis gas post-processing system 300, processes such as shift reaction, desulfurization and decarburization and the like are continuously performed according to the composition requirements of a downstream biomass liquid fuel and chemical synthesis working section on raw material gas, a synthesis gas stream 7 meeting the subsequent synthesis process is output, and according to the process requirements, a part of the synthesis gas 7 needs to return to the reaction system 200 through a recycle gas compressor 400. The solid coarse slag generated by the first high-rate circulating gasification furnace 202a and the second high-rate circulating gasification furnace 202b and the fine particles in the synthesis gas captured by the first solid particle controller 204a and the second solid particle controller 204b are merged and then discharged after sensible heat is recovered by the solid slag cooling and collecting system 500.
The biomass gasification method comprises the following specific processes:
firstly, biomass serving as a biomass raw material 1 is dehydrated, extruded, granulated and crushed by a feeding system 100 to form feeding particles 10 with uniform particle size, and meanwhile, a first high-rate circulating gasification furnace 202a and a second high-rate circulating gasification furnace 202b are preheated to 500-900 ℃;
secondly, the feed particles 10 are quantitatively added into a first high-rate circulating gasification furnace 202a and a second high-rate circulating gasification furnace 202b preheated to 500-900 ℃ through a first feeder 201a and a second feeder 201b respectively under the auxiliary action of conveying gas 2, and meanwhile, oxygen 3 and steam 4 are quantitatively mixed and then added into the first high-rate circulating gasification furnace 202a and the second high-rate circulating gasification furnace 202b preheated to a certain temperature in advance;
thirdly, controlling the first high-rate circulating gasification furnace 202a and the second high-rate circulating gasification furnace 202b to reach the operating conditions, and performing partial oxidation reaction to generate high-temperature crude synthesis gas under the appropriate proportion of the feed particles 10, the oxygen 3 and the steam 4;
fourthly, the high-temperature raw synthesis gas enters a first synthesis gas cooler 203a and a second synthesis gas cooler 203b to exchange heat with boiler feed water 5 fed into the first synthesis gas cooler and the second synthesis gas cooler, the low-temperature raw synthesis gas 11 is formed after temperature reduction and heat recovery, the boiler feed water 5 is changed into a steam product 6 to be discharged, the low-temperature raw synthesis gas 11 then enters a first solid particle controller 204a and a second solid particle controller 204b to remove solid particles, and the two streams of raw synthesis gas 11 after temperature reduction and solid particle removal are combined and enter a gas post-treatment system 300 to form synthesis gas 7 meeting the requirements of the subsequent process;
and a fifth step, wherein a part of the synthesis gas 7 is returned to the reaction system 200 through the recycle gas compressor 400 to be used as recycle gas 8 to be sent into the first high-rate circulating gasification furnace 202a, the second high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace 202b, the first solid particle controller 204a and the second solid particle controller 204b, and solid slag 9 remaining in the gasification reaction is discharged from the first high-rate circulating gasification furnace 202a, the second high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace 202b, the first solid particle controller 204a and the second solid particle controller 204b through the solid slag cooling and collecting system 500.
The first feeder 201a and the second feeder 201b are either a mechanical feeder or a pneumatic feeder which rotates by rotation or spiral.
The first high-rate circulating gasification furnace 202a and the second high-rate circulating gasification furnace 202b adopt a fluidized bed gasification furnace with a circulation rate of 80-150 times and a heating rate of 90000-100000 ℃/s of the feed particles 10, the operating pressure is 3.0-4.0 MPa, and the operating temperature is 1000-1300 ℃.
Further, the gas post-treatment system (300) adopts a shift reaction, COS hydrolysis, low-temperature methanol washing or NHD process to regulate and control effective components of the crude synthesis gas (11) and remove acid gas to obtain the product synthesis gas (7).
The first and second syngas coolers 203a and 203b employ one of three heat recovery forms, a water tube boiler, a fire tube boiler, or a fluidized bed boiler, while producing a steam product 6 at 300-450 ℃ via boiler feed water 5.
The first solid particle controller 204a and the second solid particle controller 204b realize solid particle removal of the raw synthesis gas 11 in a form of combination of swirling flow and filtering, and the gas exiting the first solid particle controller 204a and the second solid particle controller 204b is typically characterized by: CH (CH)4:0.5～1mol％、CO2:10～15mol％、CO:25～30mol％、H2:25～35mol％、H2O:20～30mol％、N2:2～5mol％、NH3:0.1～1mol％、H20.1 to 1 mol% of S. The gas post-treatment system 300 adopts shift reaction, COS hydrolysis, low-temperature methanol washing or NHD process to regulate and control the effective components of the raw synthesis gas 11 and remove acid gas to obtain the product synthesis gas 7, wherein a part of the synthesis gas 7 is compressed by the recycle gas compressor 400 and then returns to the reaction system 200 as the recycle gas 8.
The biomass and the feeding particles 10 are composed of one or more of straw, sawdust, coconut shell, corn stalk or carbon-based garbage, can be one of pure crop straws such as corn straw, rice straw, wheat straw, cotton straw, bean straw, oil crop straw, bagasse and sorghum straw, agricultural product processing waste, forest biomass and processing waste, organic sludge rich in organic matters and biomass such as domestic garbage, and can also be particulate matters with equivalent particle size less than 6mm which are prepared by drying and molding a composite biomass raw material which is prepared from two or more of the biomass materials according to the requirements of feeding H/C ratio, ash content, volatile content, fixed carbon content and reaction activity adjustment.
The mass ratio of the steam 4 and the oxygen 3 fed into the first high-rate circulating gasification furnace 202a and the second high-rate circulating gasification furnace 202b is 0.8-1.5, and the temperature after mixing is 180-280 ℃. The particle size distribution of the feed particles 10 is 0-6 mm.
The solid slag cooling and collecting system 500 is a mechanical or pneumatic conveying discharger discharge system which cools and collects the solid slag 9 by using a container with a cooling water pipe arranged inside, and finally rotates or spirally rotates the solid slag 9.
The mass ratio of the steam 4 to the oxygen 3 is 0.8-1.5, and the temperature after mixing is 180-280 ℃.
The pressure of the circulating gas 8 is higher than the operating pressure of the first high-rate circulating gasification furnace 202a and the second high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace 202b by 2-5 MPa, and the circulating gas 8 is used for the blowing gas of the first high-rate circulating gasification furnace 202a, the second high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace 202b, the first synthesis gas cooler 203a and the second synthesis gas cooler 203b and the back blowing gas of the first solid particle controller 204a and the second solid particle controller 204 b.
The reaction principle or the reaction process for preparing the synthesis gas by gasifying the biomass comprises the following steps:
reforming tar steam and carbon dioxide, and carrying out catalytic thermal cracking reaction:
CnHm+nH2O→n CO+(n+m/2)H2
CnHm+2nH2O→n CO2+(2n+m/2)H2
CnHm→n CO+m/2H2
CnHm+n CO2→2n CO+m/2H2
and (3) oxidation reaction:
C+O2→CO2
C+O2→2CO
and (3) steam reduction reaction:
C+H2O→CO+H2
C+2H2O→CO2+2H2
and (3) carbon dioxide reduction reaction:
CO2+C→2CO
carbon monoxide shift reaction:
CO+H2O→CO+H2
Claims (3)
1. a biomass gasification system, characterized by: comprises a feeding system (100), a reaction system (200) and a gas post-treatment system (300);
the reaction system (200) comprises two sets of same reaction equipment, namely a first reaction equipment and a second reaction equipment, wherein the first reaction equipment comprises a first feeder (201a), a first high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace (202a), a first synthesis gas cooler (203a) and a first solid particle controller (204a) which are sequentially connected; the second reaction device comprises a second feeder (201b), a second high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace (202b), a second synthesis gas cooler (203b) and a second solid particle controller (204b) which are connected in sequence;
a feeding system (100) for biomass dehydration, extrusion and granulation is respectively connected with a first feeder (201a) and a second feeder (201b) of a first reaction device and a second reaction device for feeding, and synthetic gas outlets of the first reaction device and the second reaction device are communicated with a gas post-treatment system (300);
the first feeder (201a) and the second feeder (201b) are also respectively connected with a conveying gas pipeline, the first high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace (202a) and the second high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace (202b) are respectively connected with a mixed conveying pipeline of oxygen (3) and steam (4), and the first synthesis gas cooler (203a) and the second synthesis gas cooler (203b) are provided with a boiler water feeding pipeline and a steam discharging pipeline;
the biomass raw material (1) is dried, dehydrated, crushed and molded by a feeding system (100) to prepare feeding particles (10) with equivalent particle size distribution meeting the requirement, the feeding particles (10) are respectively quantitatively added into a first high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace (202a) and a second high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace (202b) through a first feeder (201a) and a second feeder (201b) to react, the biomass raw material (1) is converted into high-temperature crude synthesis gas mainly comprising CO and H2, the high-temperature raw synthesis gas sequentially enters a first synthesis gas cooler (203a), a second synthesis gas cooler (203b), a first solid particle controller (204a) and a second solid particle controller (204b) to respectively complete sensible heat recovery, purification and dust removal, and then the generated low-temperature purified synthesis gas enters a downstream synthesis gas post-treatment system (300) to carry out shift reaction, desulfurization and decarburization, so that synthesis gas meeting the requirement of a subsequent synthesis process is obtained.
2. The biomass gasification system of claim 1, wherein: and slag cooling and collecting systems (500) are connected with slag discharge ports of the first high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace (202a), the second high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace (202b), the first solid particle controller (204a) and the second solid particle controller (204 b).
3. A biomass gasification system according to claim 2, wherein: and a synthetic gas outlet of the gas post-treatment system (300) is respectively connected with the first high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace (202a), the second high-rate circulating fluidized gasification furnace (202b), the first solid particle controller (204a) and the second solid particle controller (204b) through a circulating gas pipeline, and a circulating gas compressor (400) is installed on the circulating gas pipeline.
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| CN113684066B (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2024-07-19 | 杭州碳氢科技研究有限公司 | Biomass gasification system and method |
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