CN216073700U - Device for producing synthesis gas by biomass gasification - Google Patents
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- CN216073700U CN216073700U CN202122420333.8U CN202122420333U CN216073700U CN 216073700 U CN216073700 U CN 216073700U CN 202122420333 U CN202122420333 U CN 202122420333U CN 216073700 U CN216073700 U CN 216073700U
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a device for preparing synthesis gas by biomass gasification, which comprises a feeder, a preheater, a reactor, a primary gas-solid separator, a secondary gas-solid separator, a synthesis gas cooler, a tertiary gas-solid separator, a solid slag cooler and a slag extractor, wherein the feeder is arranged at the top of the reactor; the utility model can realize the high-efficiency conversion of biomass under the pressurized operation condition; the synthesis gas has high quality, the content of effective gas in the product synthesis gas is more than 75 percent, crop straws, agricultural product processing residues, forest trees, organic solid wastes, household garbage and the like are used as raw materials, the raw material adaptability is wide, and the gasification strength is high; the operation load of the device can be flexibly adjusted, and the investment intensity and the unit production cost advantage of the synthesis gas are obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the field of energy, and relates to a device for preparing synthesis gas by biomass gasification.
Background
Compared with the conventional fossil energy, the biomass energy resource has the advantages of renewability, low pollution, replaceability, neutral carbon, abundant reserves, huge development potential and the like. Particularly, under the current macroscopic background of carbon emission reduction, due to the comprehensive advantages of biomass energy resources, all countries around the world use the efficient utilization of biomass energy as an important and realistic technical path for realizing the construction of low-carbon economic and green renewable energy systems. Conventional biomass gasification technologies mainly include fixed bed gasification, fluidized bed gasification technologies, and the like. According to the contact mode of biomass materials in a bed layer, the fixed bed biomass gasification technology can be divided into an updraft type gasifier, a downdraft type gasifier, a transverse draft type gasifier and an open-center type gasifier; the fluidized bed biomass gasification furnace is further divided into single fluidized bed, double fluidized bed, circulating fluidized bed gasification and the like. On the basis of the development of the fixed bed biomass gasification and fluidized bed biomass gasification technologies, in addition, research and development work of biomass entrained flow bed gasification technologies is successively carried out by some domestic and foreign enterprises and scientific research institutions. Patent CN202898353U discloses a multi-stage fixed bed biomass gasification furnace, which comprises a furnace body arranged longitudinally, wherein the furnace body comprises a cone-bucket-shaped tail ash section located at the bottom and at least two gas production sections located above the tail ash section; patent CN102816602A discloses a novel updraft biomass gasification furnace, which comprises a spiral feeding device arranged on one side of a furnace body, a hopper arranged on the spiral feeding device, a furnace body, a hearth arranged in the furnace body, and an air outlet pipe and a cold air inlet pipe which are respectively arranged on the upper end and the lower end of the other side of the furnace body; patent CN113105917A discloses a multi-stage gasification furnace device of biomass fluidized bed, the internal structure of the gasification furnace is divided into a lower-stage high-temperature combustion chamber, a middle-stage high-temperature pyrolysis chamber and a higher-stage steam gasification chamber, and biomass is used as raw material to produce high-calorific value gasified gas and high-quality biomass charcoal/activated carbon; the patent CN112980513A discloses a constant-density biomass gasification furnace device, which comprises a furnace body, a movable furnace cover and a self-rotating nozzle, wherein the self-rotating nozzle is arranged to ensure that a gasification agent uniformly enters a reaction zone from the central direction, so that an oxidation layer and a reduction layer are stable and balanced, and the burning-through phenomenon is eliminated; patent CN107513434A discloses a gasification treatment device of a biomass gasification furnace, which comprises a gasification furnace, a cooling chamber, a pressurizing device and a blowing device arranged below the gasification furnace, wherein the gasification furnace comprises an inner furnace body and an outer furnace body; patent CN111073711A discloses a low tar biomass gasification method, which utilizes the low-temperature condensation characteristic of tar, passes through a heat exchanger and a material bed with fuel gas, preheats a gasifying agent and a biomass raw material, and simultaneously condenses and adsorbs the tar on the biomass raw material, so that fuel gas with low tar content in gas phase can be produced.
Although there are three gasification methods such as a fixed bed, a fluidized bed, and an entrained flow, the following problems still exist:
1) fixed bed biomass gasification technology. The biomass raw material has poor adaptability to change, the content of tar and dust in the synthesis gas is high, the tar condensation blocking phenomenon of a pipeline system is easy to occur, the carbon conversion rate is low, the gasification intensity of the device is low, the melting point of ash is reduced due to the high content of alkali metal in the biomass ash, and meanwhile, the structural design defect of the gasification furnace easily causes slag and slagging blockage in the furnace to force the gasification system to stop, and the feeding and slagging systems of the gasification furnace are also easy to break down. In addition, the single furnace has small scale and is difficult to be applied in large-scale industrialization, and the normal pressure air gasification is mainly used for producing fuel gas, the device is discontinuous in operation, and stable raw material gas cannot be provided for carbon chemical synthesis;
2) conventional fluidized bed biomass gasification technology. Low gasification temperature (usually 600-900 ℃), low carbon conversion rate and tar and CO in the crude synthesis gas2The content is high, and the tar content in the synthesis gas can reach 20g/Nm at most3The utilization rate of the available carbon is low, and the atmospheric-solid ratio normal pressure or low pressure gasification is mainly used, so that the pressure gasification has great influence on the fluidization stability of the conventional fluidized bed gasification device, the stable control of a material return system is difficult, and the problems of material return, difficult blanking and the like caused by blanking bridging, channeling and the like are easy to occur. Similar to a fixed bed, due to the high content of alkali metals in biomass ash and the low ash melting point, local slag, slagging blockage, corrosion, expansion and peeling of alkali metal molten salt of refractory materials in a gasification furnace and the like easily occur locally in a fluidized bed biomass gasification furnace, so that the fluidization state of bed materials is deteriorated to cause phenomena such as channeling, short circuit and the like, the gasification furnace is subjected to temperature loss, the gasification reaction cannot be normally carried out, the components of outlet synthetic gas are poor, the content of tar and ash is increased, and further serious consequences such as continuous, stable operation and stopping cannot be achieved are caused;
3) an entrained flow biomass gasification technology. Steady-state feed transport is difficult, the biomass has to be comminuted to an average particle size of < 100 μm, while the grindability of the biomass particles is generally poor, so comminution to below 100 μm is difficult, and the introduction into the gasifier through the feed nozzle is difficult due to the extremely poor flowability of the fine biomass particles. The gasification temperature is usually higher than the biomass ash melting point, slag is discharged in a liquid state, the utilization rate of sensible heat of the system is low, and H in the synthesis gas2the/CO is low, the coupling with a synthetic production system of liquid fuels such as methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, biomass diesel and the like and chemicals is difficult, the water washing, chilling and cooling are usually adopted, a large amount of ash-containing waste water to be treated can be generated, and in view of the particularity of the chemical composition and other physical properties of biomass raw materials, the entrained flow bed biomass gasification technology is mostly in the laboratory lab trial production or pilot development stage and is stored with the coal entrained flow bed gasification technologyIn the larger difference.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the utility model aims to provide a device for preparing synthesis gas by gasifying biomass, which is based on a high-rate circulating fluidization and rapid heat dispersion core technology, has the advantages of strong adaptability of biomass raw materials, high carbon conversion rate, high content of effective gas of the synthesis gas, continuous and stable feeding, and can realize continuous and large-scale production.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
a device for preparing synthesis gas by biomass gasification comprises a feeder, a preheater, a reactor, a primary gas-solid separator, a secondary gas-solid separator, a synthesis gas cooler, a tertiary gas-solid separator, a solid slag cooler and a slag extractor;
the feeder is connected to the bottom of the reactor through a pipeline, the top of the reactor is connected with the primary gas-solid separator through a lining pipeline, the top of the primary gas-solid separator is connected with the secondary gas-solid separator through a lining pipeline, the top of the secondary gas-solid separator is connected with the bottom of the synthesis gas cooler through a lining pipeline, and the top of the synthesis gas cooler is connected with the tertiary gas-solid separator through a lining pipeline; the preheater is connected with the bottom of the reactor through a lining pipeline; the solid slag cooler is connected with the bottom of the reactor through a lining pipeline, and the bottom of the solid slag cooler is connected with the slag extractor through a pipeline;
the bottom of the first-stage gas-solid separator is connected with the second-stage dipleg through the first-stage dipleg, the bottom of the second-stage gas-solid separator is connected with the bottom of the reactor through the second-stage dipleg, and the bottom of the third-stage gas-solid separator is connected with the synthesis gas cooler through the third-stage dipleg.
Further, a combustor is arranged at the top of the preheater, and fuel and air are respectively connected to the combustor through pipelines.
Further, a steam generator is arranged inside the synthesis gas cooler, boiler feed water enters from the bottom of the steam generator, and generated steam products are discharged from the top of the steam generator.
Furthermore, a preheating coil is arranged in the solid slag cooler, cold materials enter from the bottom of the preheating coil, and hot materials are discharged from the top of the preheating coil.
Furthermore, the insides of the preheater, the reactor, the primary gas-solid separator, the secondary gas-solid separator, the synthesis gas cooler, the tertiary gas-solid separator and the solid slag cooler are all provided with refractory material linings.
The utility model has the following beneficial effects:
1) can realize the high-efficiency conversion of biomass under the conditions of pressurization operation and high temperature. The biomass gasification furnace can realize the high-efficiency gasification of biomass feeding under the pressure of 3.5-4.0MPaG and the temperature of 1000-1300 ℃, the total carbon conversion rate can reach more than 99.5 percent, and the biomass gasification furnace is compatible and connected with the subsequent carbon-synthesis production systems of synthesis gas conversion, low-temperature methanol washing, methanol synthesis, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and the like in a stable state;
2) the synthesis gas has high quality. The effective gas content in the product synthetic gas is more than 75 percent, and the ash content in the synthetic gas out of the gasification furnace boundary area is less than 30mg/Nm3The tar-free component of the synthesis gas, H2the/CO is more than 1, and stable and continuous raw material gas can be provided for a subsequent carbon-synthesis production system;
3) wide raw material adaptability and high gasification strength. Can be used as raw materials of crop straws, agricultural product processing residues, forest trees, organic solid wastes, household garbage and the like, has no special requirements on the ash content, ash melting point, volatile component content, fixed carbon content and the like of biomass, and has gasification strength of a gasification furnace of more than 2000kg (m)2h)-1。
4) The scale effect is obvious. Based on the unique core technology of high-rate circulating fluidization and rapid heat dispersion, the core gasification device is easy to realize large-scale amplification, the technology is safe and reliable, the maximum biomass treatment scale is larger than 3000t/d, the operation flexibility is large, the specific oxygen consumption and the specific steam consumption are lower than those of the conventional biomass gasification technology, the operation load of the device can be flexibly adjusted, and the investment intensity and the unit synthesis gas production cost advantage are obvious.
5) The energy-saving and environment-friendly competitiveness is strong. The synthetic gas in the out-of-range area has no tar component, low dust content, no need of complex tar and dust removal, dry ash discharge, no need of quenching, high-efficiency dry recovery of sensible heat of the synthetic gas, and no generation of waste water of tar removal, quenching and dust removal which are difficult to treat.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the apparatus of the present invention
In the figure: 1-biomass; 2-oxygen; 3-steam; 4-fuel; 5-air; 6-inert particles; 7-purging gas; 8-crude synthesis gas; 9-solid slag; 11-boiler feed water; 12-a steam product; 13-cooling the material; 14-hot mass; 20-a feeder; 21-a preheater; 22-a burner; 30-a reactor; 31-first stage gas-solid separator; 32-first-level dipleg; 33-secondary gas-solid separator; 34-secondary dipleg; 40-a syngas cooler; 41-three-stage gas-solid separator; 42-three-level dipleg; 43-a steam generator; 50-a solid slag cooler; 51-a slag extractor; 52-preheating the coil.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be explained in further detail with reference to examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the apparatus for producing synthesis gas by gasifying biomass includes a feeder 20, a preheater 21, a biomass gasification reactor 30, a primary gas-solid separator 31, a secondary gas-solid separator 33, a syngas cooler 40, a tertiary gas-solid separator 41, a solid slag cooler 50, and a slag discharger 51.
The first-stage gas-solid separator 31 realizes primary separation of coarse particles and the gas-phase flow of the synthesis gas, the second-stage gas-solid separator 33 realizes secondary separation of medium particles and the gas-phase flow of the first-stage purified synthesis gas, and the third-stage gas-solid separator 41 realizes deep separation of micro-nano-scale fine particles and the gas-phase flow of the second-stage purified synthesis gas.
The feeder 20 is connected to the bottom of the reactor 30 through a pipeline, the top of the reactor 30 is connected with the primary gas-solid separator 31 through a lining pipeline, the top of the primary gas-solid separator 31 is connected with the secondary gas-solid separator 33 through a lining pipeline, the top of the secondary gas-solid separator 33 is connected with the bottom of the synthesis gas cooler 40 through a lining pipeline, and the top of the synthesis gas cooler 40 is connected with the tertiary gas-solid separator 41 through a lining pipeline; the bottom of the reactor 30 is also connected with a preheater 21 through a lining pipeline; the top of the preheater 21 is provided with a burner 22, and the fuel 4 and the air 5 are respectively connected to the burner 22 through pipes.
The bottom of the reactor 30 is also connected with a solid slag cooler 50 through a lining pipeline, and the bottom of the solid slag cooler 50 is connected with a slag extractor 51 through a pipeline; the bottom of the primary gas-solid separator 31 is connected with the secondary dipleg 34 through the primary dipleg 32, the bottom of the secondary gas-solid separator 33 is connected with the bottom of the reactor 30 through the secondary dipleg 34, and the bottom of the tertiary gas-solid separator 41 is connected with the synthesis gas cooler 40 through the tertiary dipleg 42.
The syngas cooler 40 is internally provided with a steam generator 43, the boiler feed water 11 enters from the bottom of the steam generator 43, and the produced steam product 12 exits from the top.
The solid slag cooler 50 is internally provided with a preheating coil 52, cold materials 13 enter from the bottom, and hot materials 14 are discharged from the top.
The preheater 21, the reactor 30, the primary gas-solid separator 31, the secondary gas-solid separator, the tertiary gas-solid separator, the syngas cooler 40, the tertiary gas-solid separator 41 and the solid slag cooler 50 are all internally lined with refractory material.
The method for preparing the synthesis gas by gasifying the biomass comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: injecting a certain amount of inert particles 6 into the secondary dipleg 34 and the tertiary dipleg 42, and introducing purge gas 7 into the primary dipleg 32, the secondary dipleg 34 and the tertiary dipleg 42;
the second step is that: the fuel 4 is ignited while the fuel 4 and the air 5 are introduced into the combustor 22, the temperature of the preheater 21 is controlled to be 1200-1350 ℃ through the combustor 22, the temperature of the reactor 30 is gradually increased to 600 ℃ through high-temperature flue gas discharged from the preheater 21, and meanwhile, boiler feed water 11 and cold materials 13 are respectively introduced into the steam generator 43 and the preheating coil 52.
The third step: when the temperature of the reactor 30 is continuously and gradually increased to 980 ℃, the feeder 20 is started to add the biomass 1 into the reactor 30, and meanwhile, oxygen 2 and steam 3 are added into the reactor 30;
the fourth step: gradually reducing the adding amount of the fuel 4 and the air 5 of the combustor 22 until the combustor 22 is completely closed, simultaneously increasing the adding amount of the biomass 1, the oxygen 2 and the steam 3, and adjusting the temperature of the reactor 30 to be stable at 1000 ℃ for normal production;
the fifth step: the temperature of the crude synthesis gas 8 at the outlet of the three-stage gas-solid separator 41 is controlled to reach the operation index by adjusting the actual load of the steam generator 43, and the solid slag 9 after the gasification reaction in the reactor 30 is gradually discharged through the solid slag cooler 50 and the slag discharger 51.
The biomass 1 is a particulate matter with an equivalent particle size of less than 6mm, which is prepared by drying and molding pretreatment of one or more than two raw materials of straws, sawdust, coconut shells, corn stalks or other wastes rich in organic matters (including agricultural and forestry residues, household garbage, domestic sludge, livestock and poultry manure, fruit and vegetable residues, industrial organic waste residue and waste liquid and the like).
The solid slag cooler 50 reduces the solid slag 9 discharged from the reactor 30 from 1000 ℃ to 200 ℃, and the slag extractor 51 discharges the solid slag 9 at 200 ℃ to a downstream system for further depressurization or truck transportation.
The synthesis gas cooler 40 discharges a part of solid particles carried by the high-temperature synthesis gas after the gasification reaction from 1000 ℃ to 350 ℃ after the third-stage gas-solid separator 41 separates out the solid particles with the dust content of less than 30g/m3The raw synthesis gas 8.
The reaction principle or the reaction process for preparing the synthesis gas by gasifying the biomass comprises the following steps:
reforming tar steam and carbon dioxide, and carrying out catalytic thermal cracking reaction:
CnHm+nH2O→n CO+(n+m/2)H2
CnHm+2nH2O→n CO2+(2n+m/2)H2
CnHm→n CO+m/2H2
CnHm+n CO2→2n CO+m/2H2
and (3) oxidation reaction:
C+O2→CO2
C+O2→2CO
and (3) steam reduction reaction:
C+H2O→CO+H2
C+2H2O→CO2+2H2and (3) carbon dioxide reduction reaction:
CO2+C→2CO
carbon monoxide shift reaction:
CO+H2O→CO+H2
Claims (5)
1. the utility model provides a device of living beings gasification system synthetic gas which characterized in that: comprises a feeder (20), a preheater (21), a reactor (30), a primary gas-solid separator (31), a secondary gas-solid separator (33), a synthesis gas cooler (40), a tertiary gas-solid separator (41), a solid slag cooler (50) and a slag extractor (51);
the feeder (20) is connected to the bottom of the reactor (30) through a pipeline, the top of the reactor (30) is connected with the primary gas-solid separator (31) through a lining pipeline, the top of the primary gas-solid separator (31) is connected with the secondary gas-solid separator (33) through a lining pipeline, the top of the secondary gas-solid separator (33) is connected with the bottom of the synthesis gas cooler (40) through a lining pipeline, and the top of the synthesis gas cooler (40) is connected with the tertiary gas-solid separator (41) through a lining pipeline; the preheater (21) is connected with the bottom of the reactor (30) through a lining pipeline; the solid slag cooler (50) is connected with the bottom of the reactor (30) through a lining pipeline, and the bottom of the solid slag cooler (50) is connected with a slag extractor (51) through a pipeline;
the bottom of the primary gas-solid separator (31) is connected with a secondary dipleg (34) through a primary dipleg (32), the bottom of the secondary gas-solid separator (33) is connected with the bottom of the reactor (30) through the secondary dipleg (34), and the bottom of the tertiary gas-solid separator (41) is connected with a synthesis gas cooler (40) through a tertiary dipleg (42).
2. The apparatus for producing syngas by gasification of biomass according to claim 1, wherein: the top of the preheater (21) is provided with a combustor (22), and the fuel (4) and the air (5) are respectively connected into the combustor (22) through pipelines.
3. The apparatus for producing syngas by gasification of biomass according to claim 1, wherein: a steam generator (43) is arranged in the synthesis gas cooler (40), boiler feed water (11) enters from the bottom of the steam generator (43), and generated steam products (12) are discharged from the top of the steam generator (43).
4. The apparatus for producing syngas by gasification of biomass according to claim 1, wherein: a preheating coil (52) is arranged in the solid slag cooler (50), cold materials (13) enter from the bottom of the preheating coil (52), and hot materials (14) are discharged from the top of the preheating coil (52).
5. The apparatus for producing synthesis gas by gasification of biomass according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the insides of the preheater (21), the reactor (30), the primary gas-solid separator (31), the secondary gas-solid separator (33), the synthesis gas cooler (40), the tertiary gas-solid separator (41) and the solid slag cooler (50) are all provided with refractory material linings.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113684067A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2021-11-23 | 杭州碳氢科技研究有限公司 | Device and method for preparing synthesis gas by biomass gasification |
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| CN113684067A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2021-11-23 | 杭州碳氢科技研究有限公司 | Device and method for preparing synthesis gas by biomass gasification |
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