CN109294625A - The pre-oxidation reactor of fluidization gasification - Google Patents
The pre-oxidation reactor of fluidization gasification Download PDFInfo
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- CN109294625A CN109294625A CN201811032431.0A CN201811032431A CN109294625A CN 109294625 A CN109294625 A CN 109294625A CN 201811032431 A CN201811032431 A CN 201811032431A CN 109294625 A CN109294625 A CN 109294625A
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- gasification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
- C10J3/56—Apparatus; Plants
Abstract
The pre-oxidation reactor of fluidization gasification, it is related to a kind of clear energy sources pre-oxidation reactor, conveying bed or down-flow fluidized bed using ECT pre-oxidation reactor are connect with conveying bed or riser gasification reactor, fuel enters pre-oxidation reactor and dries/be pyrolyzed or partial gasification, char Gasification and tar deep pyrolytic/reformation occur directly in fluidization gasification reactor in the product that pre-oxidation reactor generates, produces low tar content synthesis gas or combustion gas.Conveying bed and down-flow fluidized bed using ECT pre-oxidation reactor fuel tolerance are strong, gas-solid interaction is strong, pressure drop is low, operation is easy to operate.The gasification of coupling pre-oxidation can almost convert tar, gasification vapor dosage is effectively reduced, and realize high-efficiency gasification.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of clear energy sources pre-oxidation reactor, the pre-oxidation more particularly to a kind of fluidization gasification is anti-
Answer device.
Background technique
Gasification refers to carbon-containing fuel (coal, coal tar or biomass etc.) for raw material, with oxygen (air, oxygen-enriched or technical pure
Oxygen), water vapour or hydrogen etc. make gasifying agent, in specific equipment, it is anti-that a series of chemistry occur under certain temperature and pressure
It answers, is to contain CO, H by solid fuel conversion2、CH4The process of equal fuel gas.Increasingly with world's natural gas, petroleum resources
In short supply, gasification is to reduce environmental pollution, energy conservation, realize that carbon-containing fuel integrates the important technical of clean utilization.Existing gasification
Technology is generally divided into fixed bed gasification, fluidized gasification and entrained flow gasification three categories.Fixed bed gasification, also referred to as moving bed gasification
Refer to coal with a kind of technology for being gasified of gasifying agent for generating the circulation of vital energy in the wrong direction and being fed into gradually folding process from gasification furnace bottom,
Its sensible heat for gasifying generation gas is used effectively, and the outlet temperature for generating gas is low, and the slag phosphorus content being discharged from gasification furnace bottom is low,
Fixed bed gasification actually represents the highest gasification technology of efficiency so far.However current domestic common fixed-bed gasification furnace,
It is poor in the prevalence of adaptability to raw materials, treating capacity is small, amplification is difficult, gas transformation efficiency is lower, production combustion gas in tar contain
It measures the problems such as high, seriously constrain gasification technology is further amplified and cleans use.Fluidized-bed gasification furnace biography with higher
Heat, mass transfer rate, are capable of handling small particle raw material, are suitble to large-scale production, and the combustion gas composition and calorific value of generation are all more stable.
But it is still not high containing a certain amount of tar, calorific value in the gas generated.Further, since higher phosphorus content in ash content, is caused
Efficiency of carbon con version is lower.Entrained flow gasification reaction temperature is high, and the intensity of gasification is big, and efficiency of carbon con version is high, is suitble to large-scale Coal Chemical Base
It uses, however its feed flexibility is poor, it is more difficult to for raw materials such as the biomass that handles bulky grain.
In view of single gasification technology in terms of producing combustion gas there are the problem of, at the end of the 20th century, two stage gasification technology is once mentioning
The hot spot of research is just rapidly become out.Two stage gasification technology can be roughly divided into two types: the first kind is by gasifier and high temperature tar
Reformer combines, and removes tar using the catalytic action of high temperature, partial oxidation, catalyst in reformer.This technique stream
Journey is long, and gasification efficiency is low, is not easy industrial amplification, and catalyst be easy to cause carbon distribution during coke tar cracking, causes catalyst fast
Speed inactivation, causes the conversion ratio of tar often not high, and increase the cost of catalyst regeneration.Another kind is based on decoupling thought
By traditional fuel gasification process be divided into raw material pyrolysis and two subprocess of char Gasification, and respectively in two reactors into
Row makes full use of the catalytic action of pyrolysis char to deviate from tar.This process flow is short, and it is de- that tar is completed while fuel gasification
It removes, tar in gas content is few, purifies small investment, advantageously reduces cost.
The two-part gasification technology applied at present is fixed bed two stage gasification and fluidized bed two stage gasification.Chinese Academy of Sciences's mistake
Journey Graduate School of Engineering develops a kind of coupling fluidized bed and downdraft fixed bed two stage gasification technique (CN1916123), the work
Skill is pyrolyzed gasification decoupling and two subprocess of gasification, respectively in fluidized bed pyrolyzer and downdraft fixed-bed gasification furnace
Middle progress.The technique combines the advantages of fluidized bed and downdraft fixed bed, is acted on, can be had by the catalytic reforming of semicoke bed
Effect ground reduces tar content.Since upper section fluidized bed pyrolyzer is relatively suitble to processing compared with the raw material of small particle, when relatively fine particle
When carrying out gasification reaction into downdraft fixed bed, it be easy to cause fixed bed aeration difference and whole bed pressure drop is excessive asks
Topic, in addition, fixed bed reactors are there is also the drawbacks of carrying out industry amplification is not easy, it is therefore desirable to carry out further to technique
It improves and optimizes.It is a kind of for wide size distribution fuel involved in the Chinese patent that number of patent application is 201210144562.4
Two stage gasification method and its gasification installation.Traditional fuel gasification process is divided into raw material pyrolysis and char Gasification two by the invention
Subprocess, and carried out in the fluidized bed pyrolyzer of upstream and the airflow bed gasification furnace in downstream respectively.However the stream in the invention
It is lower to change bed gasification furnace operating gas velocity, reacts based on emulsion zone, reactor top material is partially dilute, emulsion zone and the dilute-phase zone temperature difference
Larger, bed material amount is big, and bed pressure drop is larger, malfunction, it is difficult to industry amplification.
Pyrolysis apparatus is mostly fixed bed and bubbling fluidized bed in two stage gasification technique, this just inevitably brings bed pressure drop
It is excessive, industrial to be not easy the problem of amplifying.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of pre-oxidation reactor of fluidization gasification, the present invention will convey bed and downlink
Bed pre-oxidation reactor is applied in two stage gasification.When pre-oxidation reactor is conveying bed, it is recycled into the high temperature of reactor
Grain can heat the oxygen-containing gas temperature for improving into the cold fuel and oxygen-containing gas in reactor and feeding reactor, make
Gas velocity becomes larger, and reduces emulsion zone region, and bed pressure drop is smaller, is conducive to the application of little particle fuel.Pre-oxidation reactor is
When down-flow fluidized bed using ECT, bed is conducive to the application of the irregular fuel of bulky grain without pressure drop, non-power consumption.
The purpose of the present invention is what is be achieved through the following technical solutions:
The pre-oxidation reactor of fluidization gasification, the reactor are directed to convey bed or riser as the particle of gasification reactor
Fuel gasification process, the process include that a fuel pre-oxidation reactor is connect with gasification reactor, and fuel is added to pre-oxidation
In reactor, the gas-solid product by being pyrolyzed and pre-oxidizing formation is sent into gasification reactor carries out gasification reaction and cracking instead again
It answers, realizes low tar gasification；
Detailed process are as follows:
It adds fuel in pre-oxidation reactor, in the high-temperature particle heating for being recycled into reactor or feeds containing for reactor
To fuel dryer/pyrolysis or partial gasification under carrier of oxygen oxidation.The product generated in pre-oxidation reactor passes through pipeline
It enters in the gasification reactor in downstream, while gasification reactor bottom is passed through oxygen-containing gas, and semicoke is made to gasify in gasification furnace,
Tar is removed to the catalytic reforming effect of tar using Pintsch process, partial gasification, the semicoke in gasification furnace simultaneously, produces low coke
Oil content synthesis gas or combustion gas, the high-temperature particles such as complete semicoke of unreacted return in pre-oxidation reactor after gas solid separation.
The pre-oxidation reactor of the described fluidization gasification, the fuel include the suitable fluidization gasification preparing synthetic gas of institute/
The particulate material of combustion gas, such as coal, biomass, semicoke, petroleum coke.
The pre-oxidation reactor of the fluidization gasification, oxygen-containing gas is fed into pre-oxidation reactor, by oxygen-containing
Combustible in gas burning pre-oxidation reactor, which provides, occurs pyrolysis and heat needed for pre-oxidation.
The pre-oxidation reactor of the fluidization gasification, the high temperature obtained after gasification reactor through gas solid separation
Grain, is returned in pre-oxidation reactor including the complete fuel particle of unreacted, fuel ash and bed material particle of addition etc., to occur
Pyrolysis and pre-oxidation provide required heat.
The pre-oxidation reactor of the described fluidization gasification, the pre-oxidation reactor are conveying bed mode, by fuel plus
Enter into conveying bed pre-oxidation reactor, is fed instead in the heating for the high-temperature particle for being recycled into reactor or from conveying bed bottom
It answers under the oxygen-containing gas oxidation of device to fuel dryer/pyrolysis or partial gasification.
The pre-oxidation reactor of the fluidization gasification, the pre-oxidation reactor are conveying bed mode, oxygen-containing gas
It is fed from conveying bed pre-oxidation reactor bottom, high-temperature particle is fed from the side of transport bed reactor lower part, and fuel is in high temperature
Particle is sent into pre-oxidation reactor for the lateral location on entrance, and fuel and high-temperature particle mix during strength is delivered up
It closes and conducts heat, and acted on oxygen-containing gas pyrolysis and pre-oxidation occurs simultaneously, the gas-solid product of generation is via conveying bed top
Or the outlet on top is sent into gasification reactor.
The pre-oxidation reactor of the fluidization gasification, the pre-oxidation reactor are conveying bed mode, gas solid separation
It is recycled into side of the entrance in conveying bed pre-oxidation reactor lower part of the high-temperature particle of reactor afterwards.
The pre-oxidation reactor of the fluidization gasification, the down-flow fluidized bed using ECT mode add fuel to the pre- oxygen of down-flow fluidized bed using ECT
Change reactor in, the heating for the high-temperature particle for being recycled into reactor or at the top of down-flow fluidized bed using ECT feed reactor oxygen-containing gas
To fuel dryer/pyrolysis or partial gasification under oxidation.
The pre-oxidation reactor of the fluidization gasification, the pre-oxidation reactor are down-flow fluidized bed using ECT mode, high-temperature particle
It is fed at the top of down-flow fluidized bed using ECT pre-oxidation reactor, oxygen-containing gas and fuel are fed from pre-oxidation reactor top or the upper half, combustion
Material and high-temperature particle contact heat transfer during downlink, and acted on oxygen-containing gas pyrolysis and pre-oxidation occurs simultaneously, it produces
Raw gas-solid product feeds gasification reactor by down-flow fluidized bed using ECT bottom.
The advantages and effects of the present invention are:
1. reactor of the present invention connect conveying bed or down-flow fluidized bed using ECT pre-oxidation reactor, combustion with conveying bed or riser gasification reactor
Material is dried/is pyrolyzed into pre-oxidation reactor or partial gasification, in the product that pre-oxidation reactor generates directly in fluidised form
Change and char Gasification and tar deep pyrolytic/reformation occur in gasification reactor, produces low tar content synthesis gas or combustion gas.
2. present invention conveying bed and down-flow fluidized bed using ECT pre-oxidation reactor fuel tolerance are strong, gas-solid interaction is strong, pressure drop is low,
It runs easy to operate.The gasification of coupling pre-oxidation can almost convert tar, gasification vapor dosage is effectively reduced, real
Existing high-efficiency gasification.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the pre-oxidation reactor working principle block diagram of fluidization of the present invention gasification；
Fig. 2 is conveying bed pre-oxidation reactor two stage gasification technological principle schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 3 is down-flow fluidized bed using ECT pre-oxidation reactor two stage gasification technological principle schematic diagram of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail for illustrated embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing.
The pre-oxidation reactor of fluidization gasification of the present invention is directed to convey bed or riser as the particle of gasification reactor
Fuel gasification process connect a fuel pre-oxidation reactor with gasification reactor, and fuel is added in pre-oxidation reactor, leads to
It crosses in the gas-solid product feeding gasification reactor that pyrolysis and pre-oxidation are formed and carries out gasification reaction and cracking reaction again, realize low coke
Oil gasification.Pre-oxidation reactor is conveying bed or down-flow fluidized bed using ECT.Oxygen-containing gas is fed into pre-oxidation reactor, passes through oxygen-containing gas
Combustible in burning pre-oxidation reactor, which provides, occurs pyrolysis and heat needed for pre-oxidation.It is passed through after gasification reactor
The high-temperature particle that gas solid separation obtains is returned to including the complete fuel particle of unreacted, fuel ash and bed material particle of addition etc.
In pre-oxidation reactor, required heat is provided for pyrolysis and pre-oxidation occurs.Pre-oxidation reactor is down-flow fluidized bed using ECT, high temperature
Particle is fed at the top of down-flow fluidized bed using ECT pre-oxidation reactor, and oxygen-containing gas and fuel are supplied from pre-oxidation reactor top or the upper half
Enter, fuel and high-temperature particle contact heat transfer during downlink, and is acted on oxygen-containing gas pyrolysis and pre-oxidation occurs instead simultaneously
It answers, the gas-solid product of generation feeds gasification reactor by down-flow fluidized bed using ECT bottom.Pre-oxidation reactor is conveying bed, and oxygen-containing gas is from defeated
A pre-oxidation reactor bottom is sent to feed, high-temperature particle is fed from the side of transport bed reactor lower part, and fuel is in high-temperature particle
It is sent into pre-oxidation reactor for the lateral location on entrance, fuel and high-temperature particle mix biography during strength is delivered up
Heat, and acted on oxygen-containing gas pyrolysis and pre-oxidation occurs simultaneously, the gas-solid product of generation via at the top of conveying bed or on
The outlet in portion is sent into gasification reactor.Signified fuel includes all suitable fluidization gasification preparing synthetic gas/combustion gas particles
Raw material, such as coal, biomass, semicoke, petroleum coke.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Fig. 2, adding fuel in conveying bed pre-oxidation reactor, in adding for the high-temperature particle for being recycled into reactor
Heat or from conveying bed bottom feed reactor oxygen-containing gas oxidation under to fuel dryer/pyrolysis or partial gasification.Pre-
The product generated in oxidation reactor is entered in the gasification furnace in downstream by pipeline, at the same the furnace bottom that gasifies be passed through it is oxygenous
Body makes semicoke gasify in gasification furnace, while the catalysis using the Pintsch process, partial gasification, semicoke in gasification furnace to tar
Reintegration removes tar, produces low tar content synthesis gas or combustion gas, the complete semicoke of unreacted return to defeated after gas solid separation
It send in a pre-oxidation reactor.
Oxygen-containing gas is fed from conveying bed pre-oxidation reactor bottom, side of the high-temperature particle from transport bed reactor lower part
It feeds, fuel is sent into pre-oxidation reactor for the lateral location on entrance in high-temperature particle, and fuel and high-temperature particle are in strength
Contact heat transfer during being delivered up, and acted on oxygen-containing gas pyrolysis and pre-oxidation occurs simultaneously, the gas-solid of generation produces
Object is sent into gasification reactor via the outlet at the top of conveying bed or top.The high temperature of reactor is recycled into after gas solid separation
Side of the entrance of grain in conveying bed pre-oxidation reactor lower part.
Embodiment 2
As shown in figure 3, adding fuel in down-flow fluidized bed using ECT pre-oxidation reactor, in adding for the high-temperature particle for being recycled into reactor
To fuel dryer/pyrolysis or partial gasification under aerobic gas oxidation that is hot or feeding reactor at the top of down-flow fluidized bed using ECT.It generates
Thermal decomposition product entered in the gasification furnace in downstream by pipeline, while the furnace bottom that gasifies has been passed through carrier of oxygen, makes semicoke in gas
Change gasification in furnace, while de- to the catalytic reforming depth of interaction of tar using Pintsch process, partial gasification, the semicoke in gasification furnace
Tar removing, produces low tar content synthesis gas or combustion gas, and the complete semicoke of unreacted returns to down-flow fluidized bed using ECT pre-oxidation after gas solid separation
In reactor.
High-temperature particle is fed at the top of down-flow fluidized bed using ECT pre-oxidation reactor, and oxygen-containing gas and fuel are at the top of pre-oxidation reactor
Or the upper half is fed, fuel and high-temperature particle contact heat transfer during downlink, and is pyrolyzed simultaneously with oxygen-containing gas effect
And pre-oxidation, the gas-solid product of generation feed gasification reactor by down-flow fluidized bed using ECT bottom.
Claims (7)
1. the pre-oxidation reactor of fluidization gasification, which is characterized in that the reactor is directed to convey bed or riser as gas
Change the granular fuel gasification of reactor, which includes that a fuel pre-oxidation reactor is connect with gasification reactor, combustion
Material is added in pre-oxidation reactor, and the gas-solid product by being pyrolyzed and pre-oxidizing formation is sent into gasification reactor carries out gas again
Change reaction and cracking reaction, realizes low tar gasification；
Detailed process are as follows:
It adds fuel in pre-oxidation reactor, in the high-temperature particle heating for being recycled into reactor or feeds containing for reactor
To fuel dryer/pyrolysis or partial gasification under carrier of oxygen oxidation
The product generated in pre-oxidation reactor is entered in the gasification reactor in downstream by pipeline, while gasification reactor
Bottom is passed through oxygen-containing gas, and semicoke is made to gasify in gasification furnace, while utilizing Pintsch process, the partial gasification, half in gasification furnace
Coke produces low tar content synthesis gas or combustion gas, the complete semicoke of unreacted is contour to the catalytic reforming effect removing tar of tar
Warm particle returns in pre-oxidation reactor after gas solid separation.
2. the pre-oxidation reactor of fluidization gasification according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the fuel includes fitting
Close fluidization gasification preparing synthetic gas/combustion gas particulate material, such as coal, biomass, semicoke, petroleum coke.
3. the pre-oxidation reactor of fluidization gasification according to claim 1, which is characterized in that into pre-oxidation reactor
Oxygen-containing gas is fed, is provided by the combustible in oxygen-containing gas burning pre-oxidation reactor and pyrolysis and pre-oxidation institute occurs
The heat needed.
4. the pre-oxidation reactor of fluidization gasification according to claim 1, which is characterized in that passed through after gasification reactor
The high-temperature particle that gas solid separation obtains is returned to including the complete fuel particle of unreacted, fuel ash and bed material particle of addition etc.
In pre-oxidation reactor, required heat is provided for pyrolysis and pre-oxidation occurs.
5. the pre-oxidation reactor of fluidization gasification according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the pre-oxidation reactor
To convey bed mode, oxygen-containing gas is fed from conveying bed pre-oxidation reactor bottom, and high-temperature particle is from transport bed reactor lower part
Side feed, fuel is sent into pre-oxidation reactor, fuel and high-temperature particle for the lateral location on entrance in high-temperature particle
Contact heat transfer during strength is delivered up, and acted on oxygen-containing gas pyrolysis and pre-oxidation occurs simultaneously, generation
Gas-solid product is sent into gasification reactor via the outlet at the top of conveying bed or top.
6. the pre-oxidation reactor of fluidization gasification according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the pre-oxidation reactor
To convey bed mode, the entrance of the high-temperature particle of reactor is recycled into after gas solid separation in conveying bed pre-oxidation reactor lower part
Side.
7. the pre-oxidation reactor of fluidization gasification according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the pre-oxidation reactor
For down-flow fluidized bed using ECT mode, high-temperature particle is fed at the top of down-flow fluidized bed using ECT pre-oxidation reactor, and oxygen-containing gas and fuel are from pre-oxidation
At the top of the device or upper half is fed, fuel and high-temperature particle contact heat transfer during downlink, and acts on sending out with oxygen-containing gas simultaneously
The gas-solid product of heat solution and pre-oxidation, generation feeds gasification reactor by down-flow fluidized bed using ECT bottom.
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| CN112029544A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-12-04 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Catalytic gasification method and apparatus |
| CN115353917A (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2022-11-18 | 陕西延长石油（集团）有限责任公司 | Pulverized coal annular fluidization viscosity breaking conveying device and method |
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