CN108916866B - A sleeve type multi-fuel cycle-bubbling combined fluidized bed boiler - Google Patents
A sleeve type multi-fuel cycle-bubbling combined fluidized bed boiler Download PDFInfo
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- CN108916866B CN108916866B CN201810442475.4A CN201810442475A CN108916866B CN 108916866 B CN108916866 B CN 108916866B CN 201810442475 A CN201810442475 A CN 201810442475A CN 108916866 B CN108916866 B CN 108916866B
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- fluidized bed
- bubbling
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- biomass
- coal
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KSSNXJHPEFVKHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC1=CC=CC=C1 KSSNXJHPEFVKHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/005—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus comprising two or more beds
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
- F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
- F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
- F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/22—Fuel feeders specially adapted for fluidised bed combustion apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/24—Devices for removal of material from the bed
- F23C10/26—Devices for removal of material from the bed combined with devices for partial reintroduction of material into the bed, e.g. after separation of agglomerated parts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/28—Control devices specially adapted for fluidised bed, combustion apparatus
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
一种套筒式多燃料循环‑鼓泡联合流化床锅炉，它是一种将循环鼓泡两种床体嵌套于一体的锅炉。所述流化床锅炉的流化床分为循环流化床和鼓泡流化床，可以实现煤粒燃烧、生物质气化的过程同时分床进行；两床之间直接传热，鼓泡床外部铺设水冷壁，达到能量传递，产物隔绝的效果，同时也节省了产品的占地空间；生物质气化产生可燃气体可以收集利用，生物质在气化的条件下不会析出氮氧化合物。本发明解决了目前循环流化床锅炉燃用单一燃料时余热不能充分利用、氮氧化合物的排放对环境的污染等问题。
A sleeve type multi-fuel circulating-bubbling combined fluidized bed boiler is a boiler that nests two types of circulating bubbling beds into one. The fluidized bed of the fluidized bed boiler is divided into a circulating fluidized bed and a bubbling fluidized bed, which can realize the process of coal particle combustion and biomass gasification at the same time in separate beds; direct heat transfer between the two beds, bubbling A water-cooled wall is laid outside the bed to achieve the effect of energy transfer and product isolation, and at the same time save the floor space of the product; the combustible gas produced by biomass gasification can be collected and utilized, and the biomass will not precipitate nitrogen oxides under the condition of gasification. . The invention solves the problems such as insufficient utilization of residual heat and environmental pollution caused by the discharge of nitrogen oxides when the current circulating fluidized bed boiler burns a single fuel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel gasification and combustion, in particular to a sleeve type multi-fuel circulation-bubbling combined fluidized bed boiler.
Background
At present, the industrialized gasification technologies mainly include fixed bed gasification technology, fluidized bed gasification technology and entrained flow gasification technology. The fixed bed gasification technology is the simplest and the most widely applied, but the fixed bed is difficult to adapt to large fuel treatment amount and small production scale; the raw materials mostly use high-quality lump coal, which undoubtedly increases the fuel cost; the gasification temperature is low, the problems of secondary pollution and the like of phenol water are easily caused, the environmental protection pressure is high, and the national environmental protection requirement cannot be met;
the fluidized combustion technology is rapidly developed in recent years, and has the characteristics of strong combustion adaptability, capability of combusting fuel with low heat value, high moisture and high ash content, high combustion efficiency, flexible combustion temperature regulation and the like, and has unique advantages in the technical field of fuel gasification and combustion. The bubbling fluidized bed boiler has wide fuel adaptability, can especially burn inferior fuel, and is often used in the fields of biomass gasification, combustion and the like. The circulating fluidized bed boiler is a new boiler type developed on the basis of a bubbling fluidized bed boiler, and has the characteristics of low-temperature combustion, good mixing effect in the bed, excellent fuel adaptability and the like, so that the circulating fluidized bed boiler has wide social benefits and application prospects. However, the existing fluidized bed boiler is limited to single-bed combustion, mainly uses single fuel for combustion, has large heat loss, and can not fully utilize the residual heat after the fuel is combusted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a technical scheme of biomass-coal combined gasification-combustion of a circulating-bubbling fluidized bed, which aims to increase the utilization rate of fuel to the maximum extent, reduce the fuel cost, fully utilize the heat generated by the circulating fluidized bed and the bubbling fluidized bed, further reduce the discharge of oxynitride, obtain combustible gases such as hydrogen and the like, and realize the graded utilization of energy.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a sleeve type multi-fuel circulating-bubbling combined fluidized bed boiler is characterized in that a hearth is divided into two regions, the middle region is a circulating fluidized bed riser part, and the peripheral region is a bubbling fluidized bed part. In which coal is burned in a circulating fluidized bed and biomass is gasified in a bubbling fluidized bed. Water-cooled walls are arranged around the bubbling bed.
In the circulating fluidized bed, coal is fed from a feed inlet, high-speed airflow is sprayed into a riser from the bottom, and the coal and bed materials are blown around to fill the whole space of the riser. The coal is burned in the riser, releasing heat. The heat released after the coal is burnt is transferred to the bubbling fluidized bed through the pipe wall and is used as a heat source for the gasification of the bubbling fluidized bed. The combustion products pass through a cyclone, the flue gases are discharged from a flue gas outlet at the top of the riser, while the unburned carbon particles and bed material are returned to the circulating fluidized bed for renewed combustion.
In the bubbling fluidized bed, biomass enters through the inlet 2. Meanwhile, water cooling walls are arranged on the periphery of the bubbling fluidized bed, the water is gasified into high-temperature steam by using the waste heat of the bubbling fluidized bed, the flow speed of the generated high-temperature steam is controlled by a throttle valve, and the generated high-temperature steam is introduced to the bottom of the bubbling fluidized bed to fluidize bed materials and biomass and promote heat transfer. The biomass and steam are subjected to gasification reaction in a high-temperature environment to generate combustible gas, and the combustible gas is collected through an exhaust port at the top of the bubbling fluidized bed.
Each fluidized bed is provided with an independent fluidizing system, wherein the fluidizing of the circulating fluidized bed is realized by an air source provided by an air blower, and the air source enters the bed through an air distribution plate to serve as a fluidizing medium; the fluidization of the bubbling fluidized bed is realized by feeding high-temperature water vapor generated by a water-cooled wall of a boiler into the bottom of the bubbling fluidized bed through the regulation of a throttle valve to serve as a fluidizing medium. In the circulating fluidized bed, the cyclone separator and the whole material circulating channel are arranged outside the whole boiler and extend from the top of the riser of the circulating fluidized bed to a lower position at one side of the circulating fluidized bed. In the circulating fluidized bed, a feed inlet 1 is provided for feeding coal. And a feeding hole 2 is formed in the outer side of the bubbling fluidized bed and used for introducing biomass. Water cooling walls are arranged around the bubbling fluidized bed. The bubbling fluidized bed and the circulating fluidized bed are in an isolated state, and the reactions of the fuel in the bubbling fluidized bed and the circulating fluidized bed are not interfered with each other.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the invention, the fluidized bed is divided into two areas, so that the processes of coal combustion and biomass gasification are simultaneously carried out in a separated bed manner. Meanwhile, the heat of the circulating fluidized bed is directionally transferred to the bubbling fluidized bed to be used as a heat source for biomass gasification. The waste heat of the bubbling fluidized bed is fully absorbed by the water of the water-cooled wall and gasified into high-temperature steam. The flue gas generated by combustion flows out of the top of the circulating fluidized bed, and the gasification products flow out of the top of the bubbling fluidized bed. Realizes the directional transfer of substances and energy among beds, fully utilizes the heat generated by each step of reaction, reduces the discharge of oxynitride,
and the combustible gas can be collected.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a fluidized bed in an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein: 1. the biomass gasification furnace comprises a coal feeding port 2, a biomass feeding port 3, a circulating bed air inlet 4, a bubbling bed high-temperature steam inlet 5, a water-cooled wall 6, a cyclone separator 7, a flue gas outlet 8, a gasification product collecting port 9, a bubbling fluidized bed 10 and a circulating fluidized bed;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a fluidized bed in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic of a fluidized bed in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
A sleeve type double-circulation multi-fuel combined fluidized bed boiler works according to the following principle:
1. circulating the fluidized bed:
during the coal passed through feed inlet 1 entering circulating fluidized bed, the air was sent into from the bottom through the grid plate by the air-blower, and coal and air mixed combustion emit a large amount of reaction heats, and its main chemical reaction who takes place has:
the reactions are exothermic reactions, the reaction temperature is 800-950 ℃, and heat generated by coal combustion is transferred into the bubbling fluidized bed to provide energy (heat source) for biomass gasification. The flue gases produced are discharged from the top of the riser via a gas outlet at the top of the riser under the action of a cyclone, while the unburnt carbon particles and bed material are returned to the circulating fluidized bed for renewed combustion.
2. Bubbling fluidized bed:
water cooling walls are arranged around the bubbling fluidized bed, the water is gasified into high-temperature steam by using the waste heat of the bubbling fluidized bed, the flow rate of the generated high-temperature steam is controlled by a throttle valve, and then the high-temperature steam is sent to a nozzle of the bubbling fluidized bed, so that the fluidization of particles is realized.
In the bubbling fluidized bed, a certain amount of biomass is fed from a feed inlet 2, high-temperature steam is taken as a gasification medium and is fed into a hearth from the bottom through a nozzle, and heat released by coal combustion in the circulating fluidized bed is transferred to the bubbling fluidized bed to be used as a heat source for biomass gasification. The reaction of the water vapor and the biomass at high temperature comprises the thermal decomposition reaction of the biomass, the reduction reaction of water vapor-carbon, the shift reaction of CO and the water vapor, the methanation reaction and the like.
(1) Thermal decomposition reaction of biomass: the carbohydrate bonds of the macromolecules are broken up and volatiles (mainly including hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, tars and other carbohydrates) are evolved, leaving the carbon to form the matrix for further reactions. The biomass will undergo irreversible thermal decomposition reactions above 150 ℃.
(2) Steam-carbon reduction reaction:
(3) shift reaction of CO with steam:
(4) methanation reaction:
the reaction is essentially endothermic and the combustible gas produced flows out through a vent at the top of the bubbling fluidized bed, where it is then collected. The temperature of the bubbling fluidized bed after gasification is reduced to 200-350 ℃. However, in the circulating fluidized bed, the combustion of coal generates heat continuously, and then the heat is transferred to the bubbling fluidized bed, so that the temperature of the bubbling fluidized bed is maintained in a relatively stable state.
The overflow height in the two beds can be adjusted by the air supply volume of the independent air supply system respectively. The bubbling fluidized bed and the circulating fluidized bed are in an isolated state, and the reactions of the fuel in the bubbling fluidized bed and the circulating fluidized bed are not interfered with each other and only transfer heat. The gasification products and the flue gas are respectively discharged from different exhaust ports, and the combustible gas generated by the reaction in the fluidized bed can be collected.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810442475.4A CN108916866B (en) | 2018-05-10 | 2018-05-10 | A sleeve type multi-fuel cycle-bubbling combined fluidized bed boiler |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810442475.4A CN108916866B (en) | 2018-05-10 | 2018-05-10 | A sleeve type multi-fuel cycle-bubbling combined fluidized bed boiler |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN108916866A CN108916866A (en) | 2018-11-30 |
| CN108916866B true CN108916866B (en) | 2021-01-15 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201810442475.4A Expired - Fee Related CN108916866B (en) | 2018-05-10 | 2018-05-10 | A sleeve type multi-fuel cycle-bubbling combined fluidized bed boiler |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113122335B (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2022-06-28 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Biomass and coal co-gasification system and method |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01247988A (en) * | 1988-03-26 | 1989-10-03 | Nippon Steel Corp | External circulation type fluidized-bed furnace |
| KR20110035951A (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2011-04-06 | 뱁콕 앤드 윌콕스 파워 제네레이션 그룹, 인크. | Main oxidant supply system of oxygen-ignition circulating fluidized bed |
| CN102786990A (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2012-11-21 | 太原理工大学 | Biomass and coal fluidized bed co-gasification method |
| CN103361087A (en) * | 2012-05-04 | 2013-10-23 | 张荣光 | Pyrolysis and combustion coupled circular reaction method and device |
| CN104154530A (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2014-11-19 | 刘学冰 | Double-flow-state clean combustion boiler and double-flow-state clean combustion technology |
| CN206940810U (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2018-01-30 | 光大环境科技（中国）有限公司 | A kind of self-heating low-tar biomass gasifier |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105018154B (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2017-06-06 | 代建军 | Biomass double fluidized-bed indirect gasification system and its control method |
-
2018
- 2018-05-10 CN CN201810442475.4A patent/CN108916866B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01247988A (en) * | 1988-03-26 | 1989-10-03 | Nippon Steel Corp | External circulation type fluidized-bed furnace |
| KR20110035951A (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2011-04-06 | 뱁콕 앤드 윌콕스 파워 제네레이션 그룹, 인크. | Main oxidant supply system of oxygen-ignition circulating fluidized bed |
| CN103361087A (en) * | 2012-05-04 | 2013-10-23 | 张荣光 | Pyrolysis and combustion coupled circular reaction method and device |
| CN102786990A (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2012-11-21 | 太原理工大学 | Biomass and coal fluidized bed co-gasification method |
| CN104154530A (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2014-11-19 | 刘学冰 | Double-flow-state clean combustion boiler and double-flow-state clean combustion technology |
| CN206940810U (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2018-01-30 | 光大环境科技（中国）有限公司 | A kind of self-heating low-tar biomass gasifier |
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