CN106336907B - Cyclone pyrolysis high-flux circulating gasification device and process - Google Patents
Cyclone pyrolysis high-flux circulating gasification device and process Download PDFInfo
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- CN106336907B CN106336907B CN201610877928.7A CN201610877928A CN106336907B CN 106336907 B CN106336907 B CN 106336907B CN 201610877928 A CN201610877928 A CN 201610877928A CN 106336907 B CN106336907 B CN 106336907B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
- C10J3/60—Processes
- C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
- C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/093—Coal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0973—Water
- C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
Abstract
The invention discloses a cyclone pyrolysis high-flux circulating gasification device and a process. The device comprises an ascending pipe semicoke oxidation combustion reactor, a cyclone pyrolysis reactor and a bubbling bed gasification reactor; the process comprises the following steps: the low-rank coal or coal/biomass mixed particles enter the cyclone pyrolysis reactor through the raw material inlet, are rotationally mixed with high-temperature circulating semicoke particles and flue gas entering from the high-temperature carrier inlet, the raw material particles are rapidly heated to realize rapid pyrolysis, simultaneously, gas and solid reaction products are rapidly separated, gaseous tar, pyrolysis gas and high-temperature flue gas flow out from an exhaust pipe on the upper part of the cyclone pyrolysis reactor, the solid semicoke particles and the heat carrier particles enter the bubbling bed gasification reactor from a dust exhaust port on the lower part of the cyclone pyrolysis reactor through a dipleg, and are subjected to partial gasification reaction with a gasification agent to prepare synthetic gas. The invention reduces the number of unit equipment in the circulating system and improves the operability of the whole system; the equipment investment is reduced, and the production capacity of the device is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a cyclone pyrolysis high-flux circulating gasification device and process, and particularly relates to a cyclone pyrolysis gasification process of low-rank coal or coal/biomass mixed particles of a high-flux semicoke circulating fluidized bed with self-heating carrying capacity and catalytic activity.
Background
Coal will still occupy a considerable proportion of the energy structures in our country for a considerable period of time in the future. At present, the utilization mode of coal is mainly combustion. The coal has very complex components, the volatile components contained in the coal can produce chemical products with high added values, and the coal is only used as fuel, so that the waste is caused, and the environmental pollution is also caused. This problem is particularly acute with low rank coal/biomass. Therefore, it is significant to develop a process system capable of cleanly utilizing coal, particularly low-rank coal.
At present, a certain successful experience is obtained by coupling the processes of pyrolysis, gasification, combustion and the like of coal, but the existing coupling process has the defects of long flow, more equipment, high energy consumption, complex operation and the like. The Chinese invention patent CN102504842A provides a coal pyrolysis gasification combustion multistage utilization method. The coal pyrolysis, gasification and combustion reactions are respectively placed in three fluidized beds, high-temperature ash generated by combustion is used as a solid heat carrier to convey heat to a pyrolysis furnace, and high-temperature flue gas is used for producing water vapor required by a gasification furnace. Similarly, the chinese patent CN201410077858.8 proposes a coal pyrolysis gasification poly-generation device including a circulating fluidized bed boiler, a moving bed pyrolysis reactor and a moving bed gasifier, so as to realize the graded optimal utilization of coal. The above two patents have the following drawbacks: firstly, the high-temperature circulating ash has small granularity, has the problem that dust-tar and dust-synthesis gas are difficult to separate, and is easy to cause pipeline blockage; secondly, the ash content of the coal contains a certain amount of alkali metal, the alkali metal can corrode steel at high temperature, and a large amount of alkali metal can be gathered in the whole system by taking the high-temperature ash as a solid heat carrier, so that potential safety hazards are easily caused; thirdly, the heat carrier passes through three reactors and the separation equipment and the pipeline matched with the reactors in the circulation process, and the circulation speed and the circulation quantity of the circulating semicoke particles are limited by the complexity of the system, so that the production capacity of the whole system is restricted. The presence of these problems can hinder the implementation of the technical idea; fourth, the pyrolysis part of both processes fails to satisfy the ideal conditions for pyrolysis reaction, such as short residence time, uniform distribution, etc. Japanese Tokyo university (Chemical Engineering Science, 66(18) (2011)) 4212-4220, Chemical Engineering Journal (164 (2010) 221-229, Advanced Powder Technology, 25(1) (2014) 379-388) proposes a novel high-density three-tower type circulating fluidized bed gasification process based on an autothermal regeneration theory to realize pyrolysis-gasification-combustion classification utilization of coal, quartz sand serving as solid circulating heat carrier particles circularly flows in the system and sequentially passes through a combustor-cyclone separator-pyrolyzer-quick separator-gasifier-gas seal bed and pipelines for connecting various devices. The Chinese invention patent CN104789245A similarly provides a three-tower high-flux semicoke circulating fluidized bed coal (biomass) pyrolysis gasification process based on the catalytic activity and self-heating carrying capacity of semicoke, which adopts semicoke as solid circulating semicoke particles, fully utilizes the self-owned catalytic activity and self-heating carrying capacity of the semicoke, and realizes the co-production of tar, coal gas and a synthesizer. The above two processes are complicated, so that the circulating flux of particles is greatly restricted, and the coordination among a plurality of devices is difficult and the operation difficulty is high.
The south China university of science and engineering (chemical industry and engineering, 10(3) (1992) 58-62) summarized the research progress of cyclone reactors at home and abroad in recent years, most of the cyclone reactors at present only have one inlet, and heat is supplied mainly by a way that the wall of the cyclone reactor is in heat conduction with gas and particles, and the cyclone reactor is easy to have insufficient heat transfer under the condition of high-flux feeding and cannot be applied to the condition that two particles are fed simultaneously. The Chinese invention patent CN103534021A discloses a cyclone reactor with a special structure, the cyclone reactor has higher target reaction temperature, a structure comprising two reaction zones is designed in a targeted manner, and the equipment structure is complex; meanwhile, heat is transferred mainly by radiation heat transfer, so that the method is not suitable for reaction at lower temperature.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cyclone pyrolysis high-throughput circulating gasification device and process, and reduce the number of unit equipment in a circulating system, and has two advantages: firstly, the complexity of the system is reduced, and the operability of the whole system is improved; secondly, the overall height of the device is reduced, the equipment investment is reduced, more importantly, the space for improving the system is provided for improving the circulating flux of the semicoke particles, and the production capacity of the device is increased.
The invention provides a cyclone pyrolysis high-flux circulating gasification device which comprises an ascending pipe semicoke oxidation combustion reactor, a cyclone pyrolysis reactor and a bubbling bed gasification reactor, wherein the ascending pipe semicoke oxidation combustion reactor is connected with the cyclone pyrolysis reactor;
the main body of the riser semicoke oxidation combustion reactor is of a cylindrical structure, the top of the riser semicoke oxidation combustion reactor is provided with an outlet which is connected with a high-temperature carrier inlet of the cyclone pyrolysis reactor, the lower part of the reactor is connected with a bubbling bed gasification reactor, and the bottom of the reactor is provided with an oxygen (air) inlet;
the upper part of the cyclone pyrolysis reactor is a cylindrical barrel, the lower part of the cyclone pyrolysis reactor is a conical barrel, one side of the upper part of the cylinder is provided with a raw material inlet, the other side of the upper part of the cylinder is provided with a high-temperature heat carrier inlet, the two inlets are tangent to the cylindrical barrel and are arranged at 180 degrees, the top of the cylindrical barrel is provided with an exhaust pipe, the exhaust pipe is coaxial with the cylindrical barrel and is inserted into the cylindrical barrel, the conical opening of the conical barrel is connected with a dipleg, and the bottom of the dipl; an exhaust pipe at the top of the cyclone pyrolysis reactor is sequentially connected with a first cyclone separator, a first bag-type dust collector and a first cooler;
a gasification agent inlet is arranged at the bottom of the bubbling bed gasification reactor, a synthesis gas outlet is arranged at the upper part of the bubbling bed gasification reactor, and an overflow pipe at the left side of the bubbling bed gasification reactor is connected with an ascending pipe carbocoal oxidation combustion reactor; and a synthesis gas outlet at the upper part of the bubbling bed gasification reactor is sequentially connected with a second cyclone separator, a second bag-type dust collector and a second cooler.
The high-temperature heat carrier refers to semicoke particles.
The gasifying agent is water vapor and a small amount of oxygen.
The invention provides a cyclone pyrolysis high-flux circulating gasification process, which adopts the device and comprises the following contents:
(1) cyclone pyrolysis: in the cyclone pyrolysis reactor, low-rank coal or coal/biomass mixed particles enter the cyclone pyrolysis reactor through a raw material inlet and are rotationally mixed with high-temperature circulating semicoke particles and flue gas entering from a high-temperature carrier inlet, the low-rank coal or coal/biomass mixed particles are rapidly heated, and rapid catalytic pyrolysis reaction is carried out while rapid gas-solid separation is realized;
gaseous tar, pyrolysis gas and high-temperature flue gas flow out of an exhaust pipe at the upper part of the cyclone pyrolysis reactor, sequentially pass through a first cyclone separator, a first bag-type dust collector and a first cooler, and the separated volatile matter and the high-temperature flue gas are subjected to dust removal and cooling treatment, the condensed part is liquid tar, the uncondensed part comprises pyrolysis gas and flue gas with medium and high heat values, and the pyrolysis gas can be used as a chemical raw material after separation, dust removal and heat exchange treatment;
fresh semicoke particles and high-temperature circulating semicoke particles generated in the cyclone pyrolysis reactor enter the bubbling bed gasification reactor from a dust exhaust port at the lower part of the cyclone pyrolysis reactor through a dipleg;
(2) and (3) gasification: in the bubbling bed gasification reactor, fresh semicoke particles from the cyclone pyrolysis reactor exchange heat with high-temperature circulating semicoke particles further, and perform partial gasification reaction with a gasifying agent to prepare synthesis gas, and the synthesis gas is separated by a separator and then is used as a chemical raw material after dust removal and temperature reduction treatment;
the semi-coke particles which are not gasified enter the ascending pipe semi-coke oxidation combustion reactor through an overflow pipe;
(3) in the riser semicoke oxidizing combustion reactor, semicoke particles flow upwards along the riser under the action of ascending air flow (oxygen or air) and are subjected to partial oxidizing combustion, so that a large amount of high-temperature circulating semicoke particles are obtained.
In the process, combustion reaction is carried out in the riser semicoke oxidation combustion reactor, the generated heat is mainly provided for the pyrolysis and gasification processes through circulating semicoke particles,
in the process, the operating temperature of the cyclone pyrolysis reactor is 850-900 ℃, and the operating pressure is 0.1-2 MPa.
In the process, the operating temperature of the bubbling bed gasification reactor is 800-.
In the process, the operating temperature of the riser semicoke oxidation combustion reactor is 950 ℃ and 1100 ℃, and the operating pressure is 0.1-3 MPa.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) one device of the cyclone pyrolysis reactor is used for replacing the original fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace and a plurality of separators matched with the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, so that the manufacturing cost of system equipment is reduced.
(2) The system is composed of less unit devices, is lower in complexity, is convenient to maintain smooth circulation of the solid heat carrier, reduces operation difficulty and reduces operation cost.
(3) The reduction in the number of unit devices reduces the overall height of the plant system, providing room for an improved system for increasing the circulating flux of the char particles. For example: the position of the bubbling fluidized bed reactor can be raised, and the height difference between the particle overflow port of the bubbling fluidized bed reactor and the particle inlet of the ascending pipe is increased, so that the particle circulating driving force can be greatly improved, and the production capacity of the system is increased.
(4) In the prior art, part of heat generated by semicoke combustion flows out of a combustion-pyrolysis-gasification system under the carrying of high-temperature flue gas, and only high-temperature circulating semicoke particles supply heat for pyrolysis reaction; after improvement, the heat of the high-temperature flue gas part is also applied to the pyrolysis reaction, and the energy distribution and utilization are more reasonable.
(5) In the prior art, tar generated by pyrolysis enters a subsequent treatment process under the carrying of gases such as pyrolysis gas and the like, the flow of the conveying gases is small, the temperature is low, high-boiling-point components in the tar are easy to condense in a pipeline, and the tar is wasted and easily blocks the pipeline to cause potential safety hazards; after improvement, tar is carried by high-flow high-temperature flue gas generated by semicoke combustion, condensation of the tar in a pipeline is inhibited, benefits are improved, and safety is guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cyclone pyrolysis high flux cyclic gasification apparatus and process of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a cyclone pyrolysis reactor of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of fig. 2.
In the figure: 1 is raw materials entry, 2 is the whirlwind pyrolysis reactor, 3 is first cyclone, 4 is first sack cleaner, 5 is first cooler, 6 is the dipleg, 7 is bubbling bed gasification reactor, 8 is the gasification agent entry, 9 is the second cyclone, 10 is the second sack cleaner, 11 is the second cooler, 12 is oxygen (air) entry, 13 is riser semicoke oxidation combustion reactor, 14 is the riser export, 15 is the high temperature carrier entry, 16 is the blast pipe, 17 is the synthetic gas export.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by, but is not limited to, the following examples.
Example (b):
as shown in figures 1-2, a cyclone pyrolysis high-flux circulating gasification device and process comprises an ascending pipe semicoke oxidation combustion reactor 13, a cyclone pyrolysis reactor 2 and a bubbling bed gasification reactor 7;
the main body of the riser semicoke oxidation combustion reactor 13 is of a cylindrical structure, the top of the riser semicoke oxidation combustion reactor is provided with an outlet 14 which is connected with a high-temperature carrier inlet 15 of the cyclone pyrolysis reactor 2, the lower part of the reactor is connected with a bubbling bed gasification reactor 7, and the bottom of the reactor is provided with an oxygen (air) inlet 12;
the upper part of the cyclone pyrolysis reactor 2 is a cylindrical barrel, the lower part of the cyclone pyrolysis reactor is a conical barrel, one side of the upper part of the cylinder is provided with a raw material inlet 1, the other side of the upper part of the cylinder is provided with a high-temperature heat carrier inlet 16, and the two inlets are tangent to the cylindrical barrel and are arranged at 180 degrees; the top of the cylindrical barrel is provided with an exhaust pipe 17 which is coaxial with the cylindrical barrel and is inserted into the cylindrical barrel; the conical opening of the conical cylinder is connected with a dipleg 6, and the bottom of the dipleg is inserted into a bubbling bed gasification reactor 7; an exhaust pipe 17 at the top of the cyclone pyrolysis reactor 2 is sequentially connected with a first cyclone separator 3, a first bag-type dust collector 4 and a first cooler 5;
a gasifying agent inlet 8 is arranged at the bottom of the bubbling bed gasification reactor 7, a synthesis gas outlet 17 is arranged at the upper part of the bubbling bed gasification reactor 7, and an overflow pipe at the left side of the bubbling bed gasification reactor 7 is connected with an ascending pipe semicoke oxidation combustion reactor 13; and a synthetic gas outlet 17 at the upper part of the bubbling bed gasification reactor 7 is sequentially connected with a second cyclone separator 9, a second bag-type dust collector 10 and a second cooler 11.
As shown in FIG. 2, the diameter of the cylindrical structure of the cyclone pyrolysis reactor is selected as a reference dimension, and the dimensional proportion of the rest parts is as follows: dx/D=0.4～0.6，Dd/D=0.3～0.5，a/D=0.25～0.75，b/D=0.085～0.37，S/D=0.4～1.5，H/D=3～7，Hcand/D = 1.5-4. The reference dimension D is adjusted according to the actual throughput.
The principle of the invention is as follows: the cyclone pyrolysis reactor is used as a pyrolysis reactor and also plays a role in separating high-temperature gas from solid particles. Cyclone pyrolysis reactor sets up two entries, and the high temperature circulation semicoke granule and the high temperature flue gas that produce in the riser semicoke oxidation combustion reactor get into from the high temperature carrier entry, and inert carrier gas carries low order coal or coal/living beings hybrid particle to get into from the raw materials entry, and low order coal or coal/living beings hybrid particle and high temperature circulation semicoke granule, high temperature flue gas are rotatory to be mixed, after the heat transfer, take place fast pyrolytic reaction. The released tar and pyrolysis gas are in gaseous state, and are discharged together with high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion from an exhaust pipe at the top of the cyclone pyrolysis reactor, and the tar and the pyrolysis gas with medium and high calorific value are obtained through subsequent unit operations such as separation and the like. Fresh high-temperature semicoke and circulating semicoke particles generated by pyrolysis enter the dipleg from a dust exhaust port of the cyclone pyrolysis reactor, are conveyed to a bubbling fluidized bed gasification furnace below, are subjected to partial gasification reaction with gasifying agents such as water vapor and the like to prepare synthesis gas, and are used as chemical raw materials after being discharged and subjected to dust removal and temperature reduction treatment in sequence. The semi-coke particles which are not gasified enter the ascending pipe semi-coke oxidizing and burning reactor through the overflow pipe, and flow upwards along the ascending pipe under the action of ascending air flow (oxygen or air) and are subjected to partial oxidizing and burning, so that a large amount of high-temperature circulating semi-coke particles are obtained. Therefore, products such as high-quality tar, coal gas, synthetic gas and the like are obtained simultaneously through the set of unit equipment with less devices, the pyrolysis and the gas-solid separation are completed in one step by utilizing the fast pyrolysis and the high-efficiency gas-solid separation performance of the cyclone pyrolysis reactor, the high-flux circulation of the semicoke heat carrier is realized, and the operation difficulty of the whole system is reduced.
The process engineering specifically comprises the following contents:
(1) cyclone pyrolysis: in the cyclone pyrolysis reactor 2, low-rank coal or coal/biomass mixed particles enter the cyclone pyrolysis reactor 2 through the raw material inlet 1 and are mixed with high-temperature circulating semicoke particles and high-temperature flue gas entering from the high-temperature carrier inlet 15, the low-rank coal or coal/biomass mixed particles are rapidly heated, rapid catalytic pyrolysis reaction is carried out, and rapid gas-solid separation is simultaneously realized;
gaseous tar, pyrolysis gas and high-temperature flue gas flow out of an exhaust pipe 16 at the upper part of the cyclone pyrolysis reactor 2, sequentially pass through a first cyclone separator 3, a first bag-type dust collector 4 and a first cooler 5, and the separated volatile matter and the high-temperature flue gas are subjected to dust removal and cooling treatment, the condensed part is liquid tar, the uncondensed part comprises pyrolysis gas and flue gas with medium and high heat values, and the pyrolysis gas can be used as a chemical raw material after separation, dust removal and heat exchange treatment;
fresh semicoke particles and high-temperature circulating semicoke particles generated by pyrolysis reaction enter a bubbling bed gasification reactor 7 from a dust exhaust port at the lower part of the cyclone pyrolysis reactor 2 through a dipleg 6;
the heat carrier is semi-coke particles.
(2) And (3) gasification: in the bubbling bed gasification reactor 7, fresh semicoke particles from the cyclone pyrolysis reactor 2 and high-temperature circulating semicoke particles further exchange heat, and are subjected to partial gasification reaction with a gasifying agent to prepare synthesis gas, and the synthesis gas is separated by a separator and then is subjected to dust removal and temperature reduction treatment to be used as a chemical raw material;
the semi-coke particles which are not gasified enter the ascending pipe semi-coke oxidation combustion reactor 13 through an overflow pipe;
the gasifying agent is water vapor and a small amount of oxygen.
(3) In the riser semicoke oxidizing combustion reactor 13, semicoke particles flow upward along the riser under the action of an ascending gas flow (oxygen or air) and are subjected to partial oxidizing combustion, so that a large amount of high-temperature circulating semicoke particles are obtained.
The low-rank coal or coal/biomass mixed particles are conveyed into a cyclone pyrolysis reactor by nitrogen, high-temperature circulating semicoke particles and high-temperature flue gas generated by an ascending pipe semicoke oxidation combustion reactor provide enough heat required by coal pyrolysis, the operating temperature of the cyclone pyrolysis reactor is 850-900 ℃, and the operating pressure is 0.1-2 MPa. The bubbling bed gasification reactor adopts water vapor and a small amount of oxygen as fluidizing gas and a gasifying agent, the semicoke particles are partially gasified in the bubbling bed gasification reactor, the temperature of the gasifier in the bubbling bed is 800-850 ℃, and the operating pressure is 0.1-5 MPa. Oxygen (air) is introduced into the riser semicoke oxidizing and burning reactor, and the oxygen (air) has the second function of conveying particles entering from the lower part to the top to flow out, and oxidizing and burning part of the semicoke to obtain high-temperature circulating semicoke particles, wherein the operating temperature is 950-.
The cyclone pyrolysis high-flux circulating gasification device and the process couple the combustion-fast pyrolysis and separation-gasification processes in the raw material grading utilization, and realize the co-production of high-quality tar, coal gas and synthesis gas by utilizing the self-owned catalytic activity and self-heating carrying capacity of semi-coke particles; the fast pyrolysis and high-efficiency gas-solid separation performance of the cyclone pyrolysis reactor are utilized to complete pyrolysis and gas-solid separation in one step, so that high-flux circulation of a semicoke heat carrier is realized, and the operation difficulty of the whole system is reduced.
Claims (5)
1. A cyclone pyrolysis high-flux circulating gasification process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) cyclone pyrolysis: in the cyclone pyrolysis reactor, low-rank coal or coal/biomass mixed particles enter the cyclone pyrolysis reactor through a raw material inlet and are rotationally mixed with high-temperature circulating semicoke particles and flue gas entering from a high-temperature carrier inlet, the low-rank coal or coal/biomass mixed particles are rapidly heated, and rapid catalytic pyrolysis reaction is carried out while rapid gas-solid separation is realized;
gaseous tar, pyrolysis gas and high-temperature flue gas flow out of an exhaust pipe at the upper part of the cyclone pyrolysis reactor, sequentially pass through a first cyclone separator, a first bag-type dust collector and a first cooler, and the separated volatile matter and the high-temperature flue gas are subjected to dust removal and cooling treatment, the condensed part is liquid tar, the uncondensed part comprises pyrolysis gas and flue gas with medium and high heat values, and the pyrolysis gas is used as a chemical raw material after separation, dust removal and heat exchange treatment;
fresh semicoke particles and high-temperature circulating semicoke particles generated in the cyclone pyrolysis reactor enter the bubbling bed gasification reactor from a dust exhaust port at the lower part of the cyclone pyrolysis reactor through a dipleg;
(2) and (3) gasification: in the bubbling bed gasification reactor, fresh semicoke particles from the cyclone pyrolysis reactor exchange heat with high-temperature circulating semicoke particles further, and perform partial gasification reaction with a gasifying agent to prepare synthesis gas, and the synthesis gas is separated by a separator and then is used as a chemical raw material after dust removal and temperature reduction treatment;
the semi-coke particles which are not gasified enter the ascending pipe semi-coke oxidation combustion reactor through an overflow pipe;
(3) in the ascending pipe semicoke oxidizing and burning reactor, semicoke particles flow upwards along the ascending pipe under the action of ascending airflow and are subjected to partial oxidizing and burning, so that a large amount of high-temperature circulating semicoke particles are obtained;
the process is carried out by adopting a cyclone pyrolysis high-flux circulating gasification device, and the device comprises a riser semicoke oxidation combustion reactor, a cyclone pyrolysis reactor and a bubbling bed gasification reactor;
the main body of the riser semicoke oxidation combustion reactor is of a cylindrical structure, the top of the riser semicoke oxidation combustion reactor is provided with an outlet which is connected with a high-temperature carrier inlet of the cyclone pyrolysis reactor, the lower part of the reactor is connected with a bubbling bed gasification reactor, and the bottom of the reactor is provided with an oxygen or air inlet;
the upper part of the cyclone pyrolysis reactor is a cylindrical barrel, the lower part of the cyclone pyrolysis reactor is a conical barrel, one side of the upper part of the cylinder is provided with a raw material inlet, the other side of the upper part of the cylinder is provided with a high-temperature heat carrier inlet, the two inlets are tangent to the cylindrical barrel and are arranged at 180 degrees, the top of the cylindrical barrel is provided with an exhaust pipe, the exhaust pipe is coaxial with the cylindrical barrel and is inserted into the cylindrical barrel, the conical opening of the conical barrel is connected with a dipleg, and the bottom of the dipl; an exhaust pipe at the top of the cyclone pyrolysis reactor is sequentially connected with a first cyclone separator, a first bag-type dust collector and a first cooler;
a gasification agent inlet is arranged at the bottom of the bubbling bed gasification reactor, a synthesis gas outlet is arranged at the upper part of the bubbling bed gasification reactor, and an overflow pipe at the left side of the bubbling bed gasification reactor is connected with an ascending pipe carbocoal oxidation combustion reactor; a synthesis gas outlet at the upper part of the bubbling bed gasification reactor is sequentially connected with a second cyclone separator, a second bag-type dust collector and a second cooler;
the high-temperature heat carrier refers to semicoke particles; the gasifying agent is water vapor and a small amount of oxygen.
2. The cyclone pyrolysis high-flux cyclic gasification process according to claim 1, characterized in that: combustion reaction takes place in the riser semicoke oxidizing combustion reactor, and the generated heat is supplied to the pyrolysis and gasification process by high temperature circulating semicoke particles.
3. The cyclone pyrolysis high-flux cyclic gasification process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the operating temperature of the cyclone pyrolysis reactor is 850-900 ℃, and the operating pressure is 0.1-2 MPa.
4. The cyclone pyrolysis high-flux cyclic gasification process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the operation temperature of the bubbling bed gasification reactor is 800-.
5. The cyclone pyrolysis high-flux cyclic gasification process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the operation temperature of the riser semicoke oxidation combustion reactor is 950 ℃ and 1100 ℃, and the operation pressure is 0.1-3 MPa.
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