CN1592697A - 用于汽车装配的结构加固部件 - Google Patents

用于汽车装配的结构加固部件 Download PDF

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CN1592697A
CN1592697A CNA028232895A CN02823289A CN1592697A CN 1592697 A CN1592697 A CN 1592697A CN A028232895 A CNA028232895 A CN A028232895A CN 02823289 A CN02823289 A CN 02823289A CN 1592697 A CN1592697 A CN 1592697A
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P·E·尤拉斯
K·赛义德
G·劳拉
D·G·麦克劳德
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Abstract

本发明是一种用于汽车装配中的结构加固部件,其包括一个基本上填充了结构填充材料的模制外壳,以及与该模制外壳的外部接触的可膨胀黏合剂;其中该结构填充材料在部件安装之后或汽车装配期间没有经过或不需要任何的化学反应或膨胀。这种简化的结构加固部件不需要现有技术的现场发泡过程,并且能在汽车装配过程中制造出坚固的轻重量的结构构件,该结构构件能够经过可膨胀黏合剂依靠加热附着在汽车框架上。由于不需要整体系统、泵或额外的设备,所以此结构加固部件易于安装。

Description

用于汽车装配的结构加固部件
本发明涉及在汽车应用中有益的结构加固部件。
在保持安全和结构性能要求的同时减轻机动车重量,这是汽车工程师们面临的关键的设计挑战。使车量质量最小化对于满足日益严峻的燃料经济要求、CAFE(Corporate Average Fuel Economy)要求和排放要求也是必要的。工程师们必须找到新的方法、工艺和技术,在不牺牲工程设计要求的情况下使车量重量最小化。
传统的改进车身结构性能的方法包括改变金属板厚度、改变结构截面尺寸以及添加附加的加固物和金属板片。
U.S.5,194,199中公开了一种结构部件,例如,用于车辆结构的梁,由中空的金属构件和预制的轻重量材料的加固芯构成。通过为芯提供热发泡材料的壳,该配件经过热浸涂操作使热发泡材料膨胀制成该部件。然而此工艺需要发泡外壳,该发泡外壳使得外壳在外形和尺寸方面不确定。
WO 01/55523中公开了一种用于结构组件的加固构件,其包括一个支架和可热膨胀的结构加固材料元件。该热膨胀的加固材料是一种合成树脂,能在汽车制造过程的高温烘烤期间(例如涂漆和粉末涂膜烘烤阶段)发泡。然而,由于难于控制芯泡沫的膨胀路径和方向,并且难于使芯内泡沫材料的使用率和重量最小,所以导致这些发泡在现场过程中不为优选。
WO 01/58741中公开了一种汽车的结构加固系统,其包括一个骨架构件和沉积其上的用于将加固系统结合在汽车框架上的膨胀材料。WO 01/68394中公开了一种热激活的加固套筒,其包括一个聚合物支架和一个热激活结构的泡沫材料加固介质,例如环氧基树脂。然而,这些系统需要具有多个加固肋板的复杂的框架。
因此,对用在汽车框架和车身结构应用中的高性能、轻重量、有成本效益、容易处理的结构加固部件有着不断的需求。
一方面,本发明是一种用在汽车应用中的结构加固部件,其包括:
1)一种结构填充材料;
2)一个具有外表面的聚合外壳,该外壳包含该结构填充材料以使该填充材料基本上占据该外壳的腔体;以及
3)一种热激活的可膨胀黏合剂,与该聚合外壳的外表面接触;其中该结构填充材料在部件安装之后或汽车装配期间没有经过或不要求任何的化学反应或膨胀。
在另一方面,本发明是一种用于生产权利要求1的汽车装配的结构加固部件的方法,其包括:
1)形成一个模制的聚合外壳,具有空腔和外表面;
2)将结构填充材料或其组成物注入到所述的空腔,使该空腔基本上被填充,以及
3)使可膨胀黏合剂与聚合外壳的外表面接触。其中该结构填充材料在部件安装之后或汽车装配期间没有经过任何的化学反应或膨胀。
为了提供有效的设计灵活性,可利用和修改上述材料成分的具体特点和特征,以使每个部件能满足其最小的可能部件重量的具体应用性能要求。该模制外壳在材料类型、外形、厚度以及整合的设计特点的数量方面能够变化。也能够改变该结构填充材料类型和密度以提供最佳的性能水平。包括在该部件中的所有材料的组合性能导致了关于强度、硬度和能量吸收特性的超级结构性能。
在几种不同的部件实施方式中能够表明所述的部件组成物。可由密度较轻的泡沫材料围成厚壁的外壳,以使周围的外壳容器提供大部分的部件强度。另一种实施方式包括一个填充了较高密度结构的填充材料的较薄的、半结构的外壳,以使两种材料共同分担结构的要求。另一种实施方式使用一个薄壁的模制外壳,其主要功能是作为支架以及高强度和高能量吸收的芯填充材料的传送工具。各种部件实施方式也能实现双重目的,既作为声音密封也作为结构加固。
此简化的结构加固部件不需要像现有技术那样的结构填充材料的现场发泡,并且在汽车装配过程中得到坚固的轻重量的结构构件,该结构构件能够通过可膨胀的黏合剂依靠加热附着在汽车框架上。由于不需要整体系统、泵或额外的设备,所以此结构加固部件易于安装。
图A是一个结构加固部件的剖面图,其中I是汽车框架的周围结构,II是可膨胀的粘合剂,III是模制外壳,IV是结构填充材料。
本发明的结构加固部件包括一个具有规定的外形和尺寸的模制外壳,其中该外壳包括一个具有内表面和外表面的聚合物壁,以及由所述的内表面限定的空间。该模制外壳能够由任何的耐高温性能的塑料制成,该塑料能够经受工艺环境条件和汽车装配车间的烤炉温度而在性能上不出现明显的下降。也就是说,在汽车装配过程中该模制外壳经历这样的温度将保持其尺寸和形状,没有任何有害的变形。典型的塑料材料包括半晶体或无定形材料,但不限于此,包括聚酰胺,例如尼龙6、尼龙6/6、尼龙6/6/6;聚烯烃,例如聚乙烯或聚丙烯;间同立构乙烯基芳烃聚合物,例如间同立构聚苯乙烯(SPS)及其一些混合物。其它可能的聚合物包括聚酯、聚酰胺酯、多芳基化合物、聚氨酯、聚脲、聚亚苯基硫化物和聚醚酰亚胺。
该模制外壳能通过任何能生产具有规定的外形和尺寸的外壳、具有内表面和外表面的聚合物壁,以及由内部聚合物壁表面或外壳的内边缘限定的空间的制模技术生产。典型的制模技术包括公知的工艺,例如吹塑法、注模法、旋转模塑成形、压力成形等,但不限于此。
为了平衡强度、体积稳定性和质量目标,该模制外壳能够根据预期的空腔尺寸和应用要求改变外形、尺寸和厚度。优选的模制外壳是矩形或方形的,具有由外壳的内表面限定的单个空间,将在其中填充结构上容许的可膨胀材料。为了优化功能部件的性能,模制外壳的几何结构也可以结合其它的设计特点,例如肋板、局部轮廓和去处粘性(tack-offs)。典型地,聚合物壁的厚度应该能保藏材料并减轻重量。根据所用的材料和具体应用要求,该壁厚典型的变化范围是从1.5mm到10mm。
结构填充材料可以是能够为该模制外壳提供结构加固的任何材料。可根据具体应用中所要求的性质来选择该材料。
典型地,该模制外壳包住泡沫材料的结构填充材料,该材料在部件安装前被膨胀和固化。换言之,该泡沫材料与聚合物壁的内表面基本上连续接触。一旦完全膨胀,该泡沫材料典型的密度为5磅每立方英尺(80Kg/m3)到25磅每立方英尺(400Kg/m3)。在模制外壳装入汽车车身空腔之前,将该泡沫材料注入该模制外壳,膨胀并完全固化。
在一种实施方式中,该结构填充材料是一种聚氨酯热固聚合物泡沫材料。然而,也能够使用其它的结构填充材料类型,例如其它的热固树脂和热塑性填充物,包括环氧化物、聚氨酯混合物、聚烯烃、间同立构物质、组合物以及其它的刚性泡沫材料。还能够使用非塑性的填充材料,例如铝泡沫材料、有机的和无机的(陶瓷的和金属的)泡沫材料。
引入到模制外壳中的任何方法都能够用于该结构填充材料的放置。典型地,在插入到汽车车体结构空腔之前,将填充材料放置或注入到模制外壳空腔中并完全反应。能够使用泵装置或其它适当的注入技术将填充材料注入到该模制外壳中。
典型地,在汽车装配过程中放置部件之前,结构填充材料被注入到该模制外壳中。该模制外壳有一些引入结构填充材料的装置,例如插入孔。该装置能够是任何的具体装置,以允许结构填充材料或其组成物的注入或插入。典型地,组成物将包括聚合物或单体物和发泡剂。在一些情况下,该材料由在周围条件下固化的“A面”和“B面”组成的组合物生产。例如,A面可以包括异氰酸酯预聚合物或聚合的亚甲二苯基异氰酸酯(MDI),而B面名义上由多元醇化合物混合物构成,包括多种多元醇、表面活性剂、催化剂和水。该填充材料也能含有填充物,例如玻璃珠、触变添加剂和其它的合成纤维。发泡剂包括任何能与被选为结构填充材料的材料共同使用的发泡剂,可以是化学的、物理的发泡剂或者是其组合物。该发泡剂能够在预先混合状态下与聚合物结合被注入到该模制外壳中,或者与聚合物或聚合物组份同时添加。可以使用单一的组成物泡沫材料和系统,例如美国专利4,923,902和4,995,545中所说明的那些,美国专利4,923,902和4,995,545以参考方式被并入此处。
除了该模制外壳和结构填充材料之外,该结构加固部件还包括与该模制外壳的外表面接触的可膨胀黏合剂。该可膨胀粘合剂可以是任何如下的有机材料,其在汽车车体处置过程,例如电子涂层、涂漆和密封炉中经历的温度,即110℃或更高温度下能够激活该材料,膨胀并黏附在周围结构上。典型的可膨胀黏合剂包括可聚合的基本材料,例如环氧基树脂或乙烯基聚合物,当混合了适当的成份时(典型的是发泡和固化剂),该材料以可靠和可预测的方式依靠热应用膨胀并固化。该可膨胀黏合剂还将交联固化或达到其最终形状,致使该材料不能够再流动或改变形状。在满足结构要求的同时,对于所选择的应用能够使用任何材料,该材料在适当的条件下能以可预测和可靠的方式被热激活、膨胀及固化。其它可使用的材料包括聚烯烃、共聚物和具有至少一种α-烯烃型单体的三元共聚物、苯酚/甲醛材料、含苯氧基的材料和具有高玻璃化转变温度的聚氨酯材料,例如在U.S.5,766,719、U.S.5,755,486、U.S.5,575526、U.S.5,932,680中所述。
易流动的可膨胀粘合剂可以如下任何方式用于壳壁的外表面,包括浸渍、层压、刷涂、滚动、共同压模。此外,可将可膨胀粘合剂预制成或者模切成能够放置或黏附在壳壁外表面上的片。在一种实施方式中,可膨胀黏合剂基本上连续地遍及外表面的周围。
只要生产了该加固结构部件,就可在汽车产品装配期间将该结构部件放置在预定的腔体中。暴露在110摄氏度或以上的温度下,在壳的外表面上的可膨胀粘合剂将发泡并额外地附着在应用框架上,在此条件下结构的发泡材料将不再反应或膨胀。可能该结构部件需要某种临时的机械紧固件或黏合剂来保持在适当的位置直到该粘合剂被激活。此外,该黏合剂将膨胀来填充外部可膨胀材料和周围框架或结构之间的缝隙。
由于在模制外壳和结构填充材料的材料选择上的自由度,所以本发明使得结构加固部件的设计具有最大的灵活性。其在重量上很轻,并且通过增加或减小泡沫材料的密度、外壳厚度、外壳材料类型、外壳设计特点或者全面的外壳几何结构,能够优化部件材料的强度。
在一种实施方式中,模制外壳可由包括尼龙聚合物的组合物生产,结构填充物是聚氨酯泡沫材料,而可膨胀黏合剂是热激活的可膨胀泡沫材料。

Claims (10)

1、本发明是一种用于汽车应用中的结构加固部件,其包括:
1)一种结构填充材料;
2)一个具有外表面的聚合外壳,该外壳包含该结构填充材料以使该填充材料基本上占据该外壳的腔体;以及
3)一种热激活的可膨胀黏合剂,与该聚合外壳的外表面接触;其中该结构填充材料在部件安装之后或汽车装配期间没有经过或不要求任何的化学反应或膨胀。
2、如权利要求1所述的结构加固部件,其中该模制外壳由聚酰胺、聚烯烃、间同立构乙烯基芳烃聚合物或其混合物生产。
3、如权利要求1所述的结构加固部件,其中该模制外壳由聚酰胺生产。
4、如权利要求1至3任一所述的结构加固部件,其中该结构填充材料是聚氨酯泡沫材料或铝泡沫材料。
5、如权利要求4所述的结构加固部件,其中该结构填充材料是聚氨酯泡沫材料。
6、如权利要求1至5任一所述的结构加固部件,其中该可膨胀黏合剂是可膨胀环氧树脂、聚烯烃或热塑性聚氨酯。
7、一种生产如权利要求1所述的用于汽车装配的结构加固部件的方法,其包括:
1)形成一个模制的聚合外壳,具有空腔和外表面;
2)将结构填充材料或其组成物注入到所述的空腔,使该空腔基本上被填充,以及
3)使可膨胀黏合剂与聚合外壳的外表面与接触;
其中该结构填充材料在部件安装之后或汽车装配期间没有经过任何的化学反应或膨胀。
8、如权利要求7所述的方法,其中该模制外壳是吹塑成形、旋转模塑成形或注模成形的。
9、如权利要求7或8所述的方法,其中该可膨胀黏合剂被涂覆在该聚合物壁的外表面上。
10、如权利要求7或8所述的方法,其中该可膨胀粘合剂被预成形或者模切成并被黏附在该聚合物壁的外表面上。
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CA2468647A1 (en) 2003-06-12
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DE60211741D1 (de) 2006-06-29
JP2005511389A (ja) 2005-04-28
BR0213674A (pt) 2004-10-26
WO2003047951A1 (en) 2003-06-12
US20030099826A1 (en) 2003-05-29
EP1451057A1 (en) 2004-09-01
ATE327138T1 (de) 2006-06-15
KR20050058246A (ko) 2005-06-16
EP1451057B1 (en) 2006-05-24

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