CN1564011A - Single chip voltage monitor for vehicle fuel cell stack - Google Patents
Single chip voltage monitor for vehicle fuel cell stack Download PDFInfo
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- CN1564011A CN1564011A CN 200410006242 CN200410006242A CN1564011A CN 1564011 A CN1564011 A CN 1564011A CN 200410006242 CN200410006242 CN 200410006242 CN 200410006242 A CN200410006242 A CN 200410006242A CN 1564011 A CN1564011 A CN 1564011A
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Abstract
Monitoring device is composed of resistance divider circuit, multiway switch circuit, difference operational amplification circuit, A/D conversion circuit, single chip and CAN communication circuit connected in sequence and communication interface to main controller of fuel cell. The device is capable of monitoring voltages of 59 single cells in fuel cell pile. Combining multiple disclosed monitoring devices with communication between main controller and each equipment realized through CAN network can monitor more cells. Features are: small size, low cost, easy of expansion, high measuring accuracy (maximum absolute error less than 0.08V) and quick measuring speed (time for measuring 59 single cell is less than 0.05 second).
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fuel cell voltage monitoring apparatus, relate in particular to a kind of vehicle fuel battery heap monolithic voltage monitor.
Background technology
Fuel cell pack is composed in series by the multi-disc monocell, and the monolithic battery operating voltage is generally less than 1V.During pile work, need to measure its monolithic battery voltage with the duty that reaches the monitoring heap, the purpose of protection fuel cell.
The difficult problem that vehicle fuel battery heap monomer voltage measuring faces at first is the raising of monocell electromotive force accumulation to the electron device requirement of withstand voltage.The monolithic battery number that drives with fuel cell pack as electric motor coach reaches more than 600, the fuel cell pack that 100 monocells are formed, its output voltage is because the electromotive force accumulation can reach more than the 80V, this electromotive force will substantially exceed the withstand voltage of electronic devices and components commonly used, and this makes the voltage monitoring way be subjected to very big restriction.This problem all exists for the fuel cell stack voltage monitoring system under any condition of work.
Compare with the fuel cell stack voltage monitoring system of non-moving type, vehicle fuel battery heap monolithic voltage monitoring system must satisfy following specific (special) requirements again:
(1) little, the modularization of volume, easily expansion are applicable to vehicle-mounted operating mode;
(2) possesses powerful ability to communicate, to satisfy the communication needs between a plurality of voltage monitoring modules and fuel cell master controller;
(3) price is low, monitoring accuracy is high, reliability is high.
At present, mostly the fuel cell pack monolithic voltage monitor of domestic application is the fuel cell stack voltage monitoring design at non-moving type, do not consider the requirement of vehicle-mounted operating mode well, monolithic voltage monitoring as the vehicle fuel battery heap all exists certain not enough, require each monocell all will join one as: the method for using linear isolating difference operational amplifier and isolate operational amplifier, the system cost height, volume is big, wiring is complicated; Adopt the method for photoelectric isolating relay also to need all to join a photoelectric isolating relay, thereby cost increase greatly for each monocell; And common serial port communication mode can not satisfy the needs of onboard system communication.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of vehicle fuel battery heap monolithic voltage monitor, this device can be monitored the voltage of vehicle-mounted each monocell of fuel cell, and the communication interface with the fuel cell master controller is provided.
For addressing the above problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
This vehicle fuel battery heap monolithic voltage monitor is made up of resistor voltage divider circuit, multi-way switch circuit, difference amplifier and A/D change-over circuit, single-chip microcomputer and CAN communicating circuit.The input end that it is characterized in that resistor voltage divider circuit 2 is connected with tested fuel cell pack 1 each monocell respectively, and its output terminal is connected to the input end of multi-way switch circuit 3; The difference amplifier is connected with the output of multi-way switch circuit 3 with the input end of A/D change-over circuit 4, the difference amplifier is connected with the input of single-chip microcomputer 5 with the output of A/D change-over circuit 4, single-chip microcomputer 5 also is connected with the control pin of multi-way switch circuit 3, difference amplifier and A/D change-over circuit 4 respectively by I/O interface 6, the output of single-chip microcomputer 5 is connected with the input pin of CAN communication 7, and the output pin of CAN communication 7 is connected with the master controller 8 of outside.
Described resistor voltage divider circuit selects 1,1/2 and 1/3 3 kind of different intrinsic standoff ratio respectively according to the size of monocell accumulation electromotive force, and all chips all can satisfy requirement of withstand voltage in the observation circuit thereby make; Enter the difference amplifier through the relative electric potential signal of each monocell of the dividing potential drop gating by multi-way switch and obtain its differential voltage (being the single battery voltage value), after the A/D conversion, carry out information interaction by CAN bus and master controller; The circulation gate logic of multi-way switch is by Single-chip Controlling.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows the voltage that to monitor 59 monocells of fuel cell pack, use a plurality of devices and form monitoring systems and realize that with the CAN network communication of each device and fuel cell master controller can solve and has the more monitoring of the whole monolithic voltages of fuel cell pack of more number monocell.
Compared with the prior art, hardware of the present invention is simple, volume is little, reliability is high, price is low; Strong, the easy expanded application of ability to communicate; Measuring accuracy height (maximum absolute error is less than 0.08V), measuring speed fast (finishing 59 single battery voltage monitoring times less than 0.05 second) satisfy the needs that on-vehicle fuel heap monolithic voltage is monitored fully.The present invention is equally applicable to the monitoring of the fuel cell pack monolithic voltage of non-moving type.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a fuel cell pack monolithic voltage monitor structured flowchart.
Fig. 2 is a resistor voltage divider circuit.
Fig. 3 is the multi-way switch gating circuit.
Fig. 4 is difference amplifier and A/D convertor circuit.
Fig. 5 is Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system and CAN communicating circuit.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing concrete enforcement of the present invention is described further.
Figure 1 shows that vehicle fuel battery heap monolithic voltage monitor block diagram.The input end of its resistor voltage divider circuit 2 is connected with tested fuel cell pack 1 each monocell respectively, and its output terminal is connected to the input end of multi-way switch circuit 3; The difference amplifier is connected with the output of multi-way switch circuit 3 with the input end of A/D change-over circuit 4, the difference amplifier is connected with the input of single-chip microcomputer 5 with the output of A/D change-over circuit 4, single-chip microcomputer 5 also is connected with the control pin of multi-way switch circuit 3, difference amplifier and A/D change-over circuit 4 respectively by I/O interface 6, the output of single-chip microcomputer 5 is connected with the input pin of CAN communication 7, and the output pin of CAN communication 7 is connected with the master controller 8 of outside.
The input signal of system is the electromotive force of each monocell, after the dividing potential drop and filter network (resistor voltage divider circuit 2) of the monocell accumulation electromotive force of forming via precision resistance and some electric capacity, gating by multi-way switch 3 enters the difference amplifier and obtains its differential voltage (being the partial pressure value of monolithic voltage), then through the A/D conversion, single-chip microcomputer 5 obtains the monolithic voltage value, judge the duty of fuel cell pack according to this value, carry out information interaction by CAN communication 7 and fuel cell master controller 8 simultaneously, master controller 8 takes appropriate measures according to the status information that obtains; Multi-way switch 3 adopts the circulation gate logic control by the decision of single-chip microcomputer digital core, and its gating control end directly is connected with the I/O interface 6 of single-chip microcomputer 5.Wherein, the effect of resistor network dividing potential drop is to make the follow-up chip of observation circuit all can satisfy separately requirement of withstand voltage.
Figure 2 shows that resistor voltage divider circuit.This circuit is used for selecting different intrinsic standoff ratios respectively according to the size of monocell accumulation electromotive force, so that all chips all can satisfy requirement of withstand voltage in the observation circuit.For 59 tunnel input electric potential signals, this circuit has adopted 1,1/2 and 1/3 3 kind of intrinsic standoff ratio respectively.Divider resistance is selected 0.1% high-accuracy resistance for use, and resistance is 100k Ω or 200k Ω.(intrinsic standoff ratio be 1/2 select two 200k Ω resistance, intrinsic standoff ratio be 1/3 to select each one of 200k Ω and 100k Ω resistance).
Intrinsic standoff ratio is that 1 circuit is actually a single order passive filter circuit, and resistance is 47k Ω, and capacitance size is 0.01uF, and corresponding monocell is the 21st～32 and the 34th～45.Intrinsic standoff ratio is in 1/2 the circuit, and corresponding monocell is the 46th～64, and this part resistance and electric capacity are formed two-stage filtering respectively.Intrinsic standoff ratio is in 1/3 the circuit, and corresponding monocell is the 1st～20, carries out dividing potential drop after entering at 2: 1 the secondary filtering circuit through 200k Ω and 100k Ω resistance.Through behind the electric resistance partial pressure, in 50 monocell measurement ranges, the withstand voltage of multi-way switch, difference amplifier and A/D conversion chip all can meet the demands.
Figure 3 shows that the multi-way switch gating circuit.Use the 16 passage multi-way switch Max306 and the 4 channel switch Max312 of Maxim company.The input of each Max306 all has 16 the tunnel, and each Max306 enters Max312 by one tunnel output, is controlled the output voltage that obtains each monocell by gate logic.Wherein, two multi-way switch U10, U12 are by PE0～PE3 pin level control of single-chip microcomputer, and two Max306 are by the PE4～PE7 signal controlling of single-chip microcomputer in addition.And the gating signal of Max312 is the directly PF1 and the PF2 of output of single-chip microcomputer, process 74HC04's is reverse, obtain 4 output control signal In1 ~ In4 with source signal, wherein In2 is oppositely obtained by In1, In4 is oppositely obtained by In3, like this in the time of gating, have only the gating passage of two Max306 to enter the difference amplifier in the time of can guaranteeing each time gating.By the design of this gate logic, can guarantee to make full use of the resource of chip, and can avoid conflict.
Figure 4 shows that difference amplifier and A/D convertor circuit.The input pin of controllable gain difference amplifier PGA206 is connected with the output pin of multi-way switch Max312, and its output pin is connected with the input pin of the A/D conversion chip Max1132 of 16 conversion accuracies.PGA206 is output as the virtual voltage of monocell, and Max1132 exports to single-chip microcomputer by SPI sequential and microcontroller communication with the A/D transformation result.Wherein, Max1132 is by SPI mode and microcontroller communication, and its sheet selects CS, the RST pin that resets is connected with PF4, the PF3 of MC68376 respectively, and data input Din, output Dout and clock pin are connected with MOSI, MISO and the SCK pin of MC68376 respectively.
Shown in Figure 5 is single-chip microcomputer and CAN communicating circuit.Wherein, single-chip microcomputer mainly comprises crystal oscillating circuit, BDM debugging interface, reset circuit, pull-up circuit and memory circuitry, is connected to single-chip microcomputer by control bus and data bus.Crystal oscillating circuit is made of nominal value 4.194MHz crystal oscillator and related resistors electric capacity.Connect XTAL, the EXTAL that U1 is inserted in the back as shown in Figure 5.The BDM interface comprises that the element that BDM identifies is connected with the circuit that related resistors constitutes, and wherein BDM is 10 pin plug receptacles, can provide BDM the function of debugging to system after connecting according to illustrated network label.Reset circuit comprises MC34064 chip and related elements and being connected that the network label is constituted.Pull-up circuit comprises the look-at-me pin IRQ0～IRQ7 of MC68376 chip, and part is connected by the circuit of moving high level VCC on the resistance to the relevant pin of read-write.Memory circuitry comprises U3～U6 and related resistors.U5, U6 are Flash ROM, utilize CSBOOT and R/W signal by 74LS00 the peripheral hardware read-write control signal of MC68376 to be carried out logical conversion, produce read-write and the reset signal of Flash.Draw the relevant pin generation enable signal that chip selection signal CS0～CS2 is linked into U3, U4 from control bus in addition.U3, U4 are RAM, produce the write signal of two RAM respectively with CS0 and CS1, the direct ground connection of sheet choosing end of RAM.The model of U5, U6 is AM29F040 in this partial circuit; U3, U4 model HY628100.Among all the other element characteristic figure mark is arranged all.MC68376 chip output pin PE0 ~ PE7 and PF0 ~ PF4 are connected with the respective pins of Max306, Max1132 and 74LS04 respectively.
The inner integrated TOUCAN module of CAN communicating circuit MC68376 single-chip microcomputer realizes, mainly is connected by address, DCB and the formation of MC68376 chip.The CAN transceiver is selected 82C250 for use.For guaranteeing good Electro Magnetic Compatibility, the signal of communicating circuit and power supply have all carried out corresponding quarantine measures, and wherein the isolation of signal is by the 6N137 optocoupler and join suitable resistance, electric capacity and realize, the isolation of power supply adopts DCP010505DC-DC to realize.5V level VCC is inserted DCP010505 generate 5V power supply CANVCC and the CANGND that isolates, for the CAN communication part provides power supply.Outside CAN signal is connected every device 6N137 with light behind CAN transceiver 82C250, and corresponding C AN signal CANRXO, CANTXO are connected to the respective pins of single-chip microcomputer.Design the terminal resistance wire jumper circuit of CAN circuit in addition, promptly when the CAN node is operated in the end points of CAN network, Jum1 need have been passed through the short-circuited conducting sleeve short circuit.
Claims (2)
1. a vehicle fuel battery is piled monolithic voltage monitor, form by resistor voltage divider circuit, multi-way switch circuit, difference amplifier and A/D change-over circuit, single-chip microcomputer and CAN communicating circuit, it is characterized in that: the input end of resistor voltage divider circuit (2) is connected with tested each monocell of fuel cell pack (1) respectively, and its output terminal is connected to the input end of multi-way switch circuit (3); The difference amplifier is connected with the output of multi-way switch circuit (3) with the input end of A/D change-over circuit (4), the output and monolithic of difference amplifier electricity and A/D change-over circuit (4)) input of machine (5) is connected, single-chip microcomputer (5) also is connected with multi-way switch circuit (3), difference amplifier and the control pin of A/D change-over circuit (4) respectively by I/O interface (6), the output of single-chip microcomputer (5) is connected with the input pin of CAN communication (7), and the output pin of CAN communication (7) is connected with the master controller (8) of outside.
2. according to the described a kind of vehicle fuel battery heap monolithic voltage monitor of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described resistor voltage divider circuit selects 1,1/2 and 1/3 3 kind of different intrinsic standoff ratio respectively according to the size of monocell accumulation electromotive force, and all chips all can satisfy requirement of withstand voltage in the observation circuit thereby make; Enter the difference amplifier through the relative electric potential signal of each monocell of the dividing potential drop gating by multi-way switch and obtain its differential voltage (being the single battery voltage value), after the A/D conversion, carry out information interaction by CAN bus and master controller; The circulation gate logic of multi-way switch is by Single-chip Controlling.
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| CN 200410006242 CN1564011A (en) | 2004-03-17 | 2004-03-17 | Single chip voltage monitor for vehicle fuel cell stack |
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| CN 200410006242 CN1564011A (en) | 2004-03-17 | 2004-03-17 | Single chip voltage monitor for vehicle fuel cell stack |
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Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100356185C (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2007-12-19 | 清华大学 | Fuel cell monolithic voltage monitor of vehicle |
| CN100464195C (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2009-02-25 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | Safety and precise fuel cell voltage monitoring apparatus |
| WO2010003375A1 (en) * | 2008-07-08 | 2010-01-14 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Monitoring device and monitoring method in distributed-battery management system |
| CN101324645B (en) * | 2008-07-08 | 2010-06-02 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Method and apparatus for measuring and calculating hybrid power vehicle high-pressure energy management system insulating resistance |
| CN101191825B (en) * | 2006-11-20 | 2011-02-02 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Direct-current power supply detection device |
| CN101672897B (en) * | 2009-08-14 | 2011-10-26 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | Voltage monitoring and diagnosing device and method of fuel cell stack |
| CN102288813A (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2011-12-21 | 武汉理工大学 | Fuel cell stack monolithic voltage inspection system capable of detecting positive and negative voltages |
| CN102288919A (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2011-12-21 | 张兴发 | Voltage measuring system and method for battery |
| CN101405906B (en) * | 2006-04-19 | 2012-01-04 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Device and method for monitoring internal state of fuel cell |
| WO2012000360A1 (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2012-01-05 | 惠州市亿能电子有限公司 | Circuit for detecting voltage of batteries |
| CN101261290B (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2012-03-28 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Battery voltage supervisory circuit |
| CN102854361A (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2013-01-02 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Frame sequence for cell voltage measurement system with low probability of natural occurrence |
| CN104749523A (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2015-07-01 | 天维讯达无线电设备检测（北京）有限责任公司 | Device for acquiring electrical characteristics of lithium battery pack |
| CN107478870A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-12-15 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十研究所 | A kind of switching network for being applicable the experiment of aerospace level Multi-channel microwave component environment |
| CN110247085A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-09-17 | 上海楞次新能源汽车科技有限公司 | A kind of fuel cell voltage check device that channel is configurable |
| CN111077467A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-04-28 | 清华大学 | Impedance measurement method and system |
| CN111443297A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-07-24 | 重庆长安新能源汽车科技有限公司 | Power battery cycle life testing system and testing method |
-
2004
- 2004-03-17 CN CN 200410006242 patent/CN1564011A/en active Pending
Cited By (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100464195C (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2009-02-25 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | Safety and precise fuel cell voltage monitoring apparatus |
| CN100356185C (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2007-12-19 | 清华大学 | Fuel cell monolithic voltage monitor of vehicle |
| CN101405906B (en) * | 2006-04-19 | 2012-01-04 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Device and method for monitoring internal state of fuel cell |
| CN101191825B (en) * | 2006-11-20 | 2011-02-02 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Direct-current power supply detection device |
| CN101261290B (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2012-03-28 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Battery voltage supervisory circuit |
| CN101324645B (en) * | 2008-07-08 | 2010-06-02 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Method and apparatus for measuring and calculating hybrid power vehicle high-pressure energy management system insulating resistance |
| WO2010003375A1 (en) * | 2008-07-08 | 2010-01-14 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Monitoring device and monitoring method in distributed-battery management system |
| CN101672897B (en) * | 2009-08-14 | 2011-10-26 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | Voltage monitoring and diagnosing device and method of fuel cell stack |
| WO2012000360A1 (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2012-01-05 | 惠州市亿能电子有限公司 | Circuit for detecting voltage of batteries |
| CN102288919A (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2011-12-21 | 张兴发 | Voltage measuring system and method for battery |
| CN102288919B (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2013-06-26 | 张兴发 | Voltage measuring system and method for battery |
| CN102854361A (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2013-01-02 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Frame sequence for cell voltage measurement system with low probability of natural occurrence |
| CN102288813A (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2011-12-21 | 武汉理工大学 | Fuel cell stack monolithic voltage inspection system capable of detecting positive and negative voltages |
| CN102288813B (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2014-06-11 | 武汉理工大学 | Fuel cell stack monolithic voltage inspection system capable of detecting positive and negative voltages |
| CN104749523A (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2015-07-01 | 天维讯达无线电设备检测（北京）有限责任公司 | Device for acquiring electrical characteristics of lithium battery pack |
| CN107478870A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-12-15 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十研究所 | A kind of switching network for being applicable the experiment of aerospace level Multi-channel microwave component environment |
| CN110247085A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-09-17 | 上海楞次新能源汽车科技有限公司 | A kind of fuel cell voltage check device that channel is configurable |
| CN111077467A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-04-28 | 清华大学 | Impedance measurement method and system |
| CN111443297A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-07-24 | 重庆长安新能源汽车科技有限公司 | Power battery cycle life testing system and testing method |
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