CN1556881A - 汽相硅氧烷干洗方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明方法涉及干洗方法,包括在汽相中使用挥发性环状、直链或支链的硅氧烷用于清洗污染的或staned的织物。直链或支链的硅氧烷具有下式结构M2+y+2zDxTyQz,其中M是R1 3SiO1/2;D是R2R3SiO2/2;T是R4SiO3/2;和Q是SiO4/2。R1、R2、R3和R4彼此独立地代表具有1-40碳原子的一价烃基;x和y是整数,其中0<x<10和0<y<10和0<z<10。环状硅氧烷具有式(I)结构,其中R5、R6、R7和R8彼此独立地代表具有1-40碳原子的一价烃基;a和b是整数,其中0<a<10和0<b<10,其条件是3<(a+b)<10。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及干洗方法,更具体地涉及用于干洗的基于硅氧烷气相的方法。
背景技术
目前的干洗技术使用全氯乙烯(“PERC”)或石油基材料作为清洁溶剂。PERC具有毒性和气味的问题。在清洗服装方面,石油基产物不如PERC有效。
已有报道环状硅氧烷作为污物清洗溶液,参看US 4,685,930,和在干洗机中作为干洗流体,参看US 5,942,007。其它专利公开了硅氧烷皂在石油溶剂中的用途,参看JP 09299687,以及硅氧烷表面活性剂在超临界二氧化碳溶液中的用途,参看例如US 5,676,705和Chem.Mark.Rep.,15 Dec 1997,252(24),第15页。非挥发性硅油已被用作清洗溶剂,该清洁溶剂要求通过使用全氟代链烷进行二次清洗来除去,参看JP 06327888。
已经授权了很多其它专利,其中硅氧烷或有机改性硅氧烷在PERC或石油基干洗溶剂中以附加物存在,参看例如WO 9401510、US4911853、US 4005231和US 4065258。
现仍感兴趣的是减少对用于干洗方法中的大量溶剂的需要。
发明内容
本发明的方法涉及清洗方法,包括在汽相中使用挥发性的环状、直链或支链硅氧烷,用于清洗制品。
此外,本发明提供了用于清洗被污染的制造业制品的方法,包括:
a)使被污染的制造业制品与汽相硅氧烷化合物接触;
b)使汽相硅氧烷化合物与被污染的制造业制品接触以冷凝为液相,从而形成冷凝的硅氧烷液体;和
c)逐渐地从制造业制品中除去冷凝的硅氧烷液体,因此被污染的制造业制品得到清洗。
本发明另一种实施方案提供了用于清洁被污染的服装的方法,包括:
a)使被污染的服装与汽相硅氧烷化合物接触;
b)使汽相硅氧烷化合物与被污染的服装接触以冷凝为液相,从而形成冷凝的硅氧烷液体;和
c)逐渐地从服装中除去冷凝的硅氧烷液体,因此被污染的服装得到清洗。
发明详述
用于本发明实践的化合物可以是直链、支链或环状的挥发性硅氧烷化合物。通常那些挥发性的并适用于本发明实践的硅氧烷是于室温下例如约25℃呈挥发性的那些硅氧烷。挥发性是在给定温度下的定量测量,因此广义上包括分压或蒸汽压,即在给定温度下低于760mmHg的压力。广义上,挥发性硅氧烷是在20℃下具有高于0.01mmHg蒸汽压或分压(此处使用的两个术语是可互换的)的那些硅氧烷。
适合于作为本发明的直链或支链的挥发性硅氧烷溶剂的化合物是包括含有2-20硅原子的聚硅氧烷结构的那些化合物。优选,直链或支链的挥发性硅氧烷是相对挥发性的材料,例如在760毫米汞柱(“mmHg”)压力下的沸点低于约300℃。
在一种实施方案中,直链或支链的挥发性硅氧烷包括一种或多种结构式(I)的化合物:
M2+y+2zDxTyQz (I)
其中,
M是R1 3SiO1/2;
D是R2R3SiO2/2;
T是R4SiO3/2;和
Q是SiO4/2。
R1、R2、R3和R4彼此独立地代表具有1-40碳原子的一价烃基;
x和y是整数,其中0≤x≤10和0≤y≤10和0≤z≤10。
合适的一价烃基包括直链烃基、支链烃基、一价脂环族烃基、一价芳族或含氟烃基。优选的一价烃基是一价烷基、一价芳基和一价芳烷基。
本文中所使用的术语“(C1-C6)烷基”是指每个基团包含1-6碳的直链或支链烷基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基,优选甲基。
本文中所使用的术语“芳基”是指一价不饱和烃环系统,此系统的每个基团包含一个或多个芳族环或含氟环,它可以任选地被一个或多个芳族或含氟环取代,优选被一个或多个(C1-C6)烷基取代,在具有两个或多个环的情况中,可以是稠环,包括例如苯基、2,4,6-三甲基苯基、2-异丙基甲基苯基、1-并环戊二烯基、萘基、蒽基,优选苯基。
本文中所使用的术语“芳烷基”是指烷基的芳基衍生物,烷基优选(C2-C6)烷基,其中芳基衍生物的烷基部分可以任选地被氧原子中断,例如苯乙基、苯丙基、2-(1-萘基)乙基,优选苯丙基、苯氧基丙基、联苯基氧基丙基。
在另一种实施方案中,一价烃基是一价(C1-C6)烷基,最优选甲基。
在另一种实施方案中,直链或支链的挥发性硅氧烷包括六甲基二硅氧烷、八甲基三硅氧烷、十甲基四硅氧烷、十二甲基五硅氧烷、十四甲基六硅氧烷或十六甲基七硅氧烷或甲基三(三甲基甲硅烷氧基)硅烷中的一种或多种。在更优选的实施方案中,本发明的直链或支链挥发性硅氧烷包括八甲基三硅氧烷、十甲基四硅氧烷或十二甲基五硅氧烷或甲基三(三甲基甲硅烷氧基)硅烷。在非常优选的实施方案中,本发明组合物的硅氧烷成分基本上由十甲基四硅氧烷组成。
合适的直链或支链的挥发性硅氧烷由已知方法制备,例如四氯代硅烷、甲基三氯代硅烷、二甲基二氯代硅烷、三甲基氯代硅烷中的一种或多种的水解和缩合作用得到,或通过六甲基二硅氧烷和八甲基环四硅氧烷等物质的平衡混合物所需部分的分离得到,和商业购买得到。
适用于本发明的环状硅氧烷成分的化合物是那些包括在环中含有2-20个硅原子的寡聚或聚硅氧烷环结构的化合物。优选,直链、支链和环状的硅氧烷是相对挥发性的材料,例如在760毫米汞柱(“mmHg”)压力下具有的沸点低于约300℃。因此,为了定义用于实践本发明方法的挥发性硅氧烷化合物,挥发性硅氧烷,无论是直链、支链或环状的,在约10℃-约300℃温度下的蒸汽压为0.01-760mmHg。
在另一种实施方案中,环状的硅氧烷包括一种或多种结构式(II)的化合物:
其中,R5、R6、R7和R8彼此独立地代表具有1-40碳原子的一价烃基;和
a和b是整数,其中0≤a≤10和0≤b≤10,其条件是3≤(a+b)≤10。
在另一种实施方案中,环状的硅氧烷包括八甲基环四硅氧烷、十甲基环五硅氧烷、十二甲基环六硅氧烷、十四甲基环七硅氧烷中的一种或多种。在较高度优选的实施方案中,本发明环状硅氧烷包括八甲基环四硅氧烷或十甲基环五硅氧烷。在另一个实施方案中,本发明组合物的环状硅氧烷成分基本上由十甲基环五硅氧烷组成。
合适的环状硅氧烷由已知方法制备,例如烷基卤代硅烷,如二甲基二氯代硅烷经水解和缩合作用制备,或商业购买得到。
本发明方法包括通过组合在溶剂储蓄器中加热硅氧烷和任选减压以使得硅氧烷汽化,生成汽相硅氧烷,接着使硅氧烷蒸汽与待清洁的服装接触。虽然已描述用于本发明方法的化合物的分子式,在一种实施方案中那些用于本发明实践的化合物应在约20℃至约100℃的温度下具有约3.0mmHg至约760mmHg的蒸汽压。在第二种实施方案中,那些用于本发明实践的化合物应在约20℃至约270℃的温度下具有约0.01mmHg至约760mmHg的蒸汽压。在第三种实施方案中,那些用于本发明实践的化合物应在约20℃至约134℃的温度下具有约1.0mmHg至约760mmHg的蒸汽压。在第四种实施方案中,那些用于本发明实践的化合物应在约20℃至约264℃的温度下具有约0.01mmHg至约760mmHg的蒸汽压。
或者,使用其它本领域已知的方法生成硅氧烷蒸汽,包括机械的方法。
在大气压或在减压的情况下,使如此生成的本发明化合物的蒸汽与待清洗的织物接触一定的时间,其中这些相同的蒸汽冷凝在织物中,溶解脏污材料或污点并从织物中排除,然后移去制品,按需要冷却,并通过本领域已知的多种方法干燥,例如空气干燥、加热干燥等。在一种实施方案中,本发明方法可以在恒压下进行。在另一种实施方案中,本发明方法可以在方法步骤过程中具有压力变化的情况下进行,例如蒸汽以低于大气压的压力开始接触待清洗的服装,然后升压至大气压以冷凝服装中的蒸汽并使清洗流体从服装中排出。
或者,制品留在清洗容器中而且通过各种措施将硅氧烷或包含硅氧烷的溶剂除去,并且制品是按照一般干洗机中所常见的那样在清洗容器中干燥。
制品,例如纺织品或皮革制品,通常是服装,通过使制品与本发明组合物蒸汽接触进行清洗。在优选实施方案中,待清洗制品包括由天然纤维、合成纤维、天然纤维和合成纤维混合物、天然或合成皮革或天然或合成毛皮制成的纺织品,天然纤维如棉、毛、亚麻和大麻,合成纤维如聚酯纤维、聚酰胺纤维、聚丙烯纤维和弹性体纤维。
然后分离制品和干洗组合物,例如通过一种或多种排除或离心作用进行。在优选实施方案中,制品和干洗组合物的分离是使用对制品加热的方法,优选加热至15-120℃,更优选20-100℃,或减压的方法,优选压力为1-750mmHg,或者通过加热并减压的方法。
油溶污点清除试验是使用蓝色50/50棉/poly布和红色缎纹织物完成的。以机油污染约2平方英寸样品,由线将其悬挂在大玻璃容器中,该玻璃容器装备有温度计,和可凝结挥发性硅氧烷溶剂的冷凝单元。把制品放在适当位置,以使得溶剂蒸汽浸透制品,但是不与返回的冷凝溶剂接触。
本发明方法不仅限于清洗服装或衣物制品,它可适用于任何由硅氧烷可溶解的污染物污染的制造业制品,它可以使用本发明方法,其中污染物被溶于硅氧烷化合物中并被除去,因此从制造业制品中除去污染物。
下述实施例是说明本发明的,不限制权利要求。
实施例
实施例1:大气压,环状溶剂
使用机油处理红色缎子和蓝色棉/poly织物的样品,使其污染18小时,然后把它附在线夹上并悬挂在D5储罐上。溶剂被加热沸腾并且使蒸汽与污染的织物接触5分钟。此后,停止加热,冷却容器并移走样品,空气干燥并评估结果。所有油的痕迹都被从这两种织物上除去。一些红色染料被从缎纹织物上提取出来。
实施例2:减压,环状溶剂
使用机油处理红色缎子和蓝色棉/poly织物的样品,使其污染18小时,然后把它附在线夹上并悬挂在D5储存器上。系统中的压力减至1-2mmHg而且溶剂储罐温度升至70-80℃。使蒸汽与污染的织物接触5分钟。此后,停止加热,冷却容器并移走样品,空气干燥并评估结果。所有油的痕迹都被从这两种织物上除去。没有观察到红色染料从缎纹织物上被提取出来。
实施例3:减压,直链溶剂
使用机油处理红色缎子和蓝色棉/poly织物的样品,使其污染18小时,然后把它附在线夹上并悬挂在MD2M储罐上。系统中的压力减至1-2mmHg而且溶剂储罐温度升至70-80℃。使蒸汽与污染的织物接触5分钟。此后,停止加热,冷却容器并移走样品,空气干燥并评估结果。所有油的痕迹都被从这两种织物上除去。没有观察到红色染料被从缎纹织物上提取出来。
Claims (19)
1.清洗被污染的服装的方法,包括:
a)使被污染的服装与汽相硅氧烷化合物接触;
b)使汽相硅氧烷化合物与被污染的服装接触以冷凝为液相,形成冷凝的硅氧烷液体;和
c)逐渐地从服装中除去冷凝的硅氧烷液体,因此被污染的外表面得到清洗。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中硅氧烷化合物具有下式:
M2+y+2zDxTyQz
其中,
M是R1 3SiO1/2;
D是R2R3SiO2/2;
T是R4SiO3/2;和
Q是SiO4/2。
R1、R2、R3和R4彼此独立地代表具有1-40碳原子的一价烃基;和x和y是整数,其中0≤x≤10和0≤y≤10和0≤z≤10。
4.权利要求2的方法,其中步骤a)、b)和c)的每一步骤是独立地在约10℃至约300℃的温度下进行的。
5.权利要求3的方法,其中步骤a)、b)和c)的每一步骤是独立地在约10℃至约300℃的温度下进行的。
6.权利要求4的方法,其中步骤a)、b)和c)的每一步骤是独立地在约0.01mmHg至约760mmHg的压力下进行的。
7.权利要求5的方法,其中步骤a)、b)和c)的每一步骤是独立地在约0.01mmHg至约760mmHg的压力下进行的。
8.权利要求6的方法,其中硅氧烷化合物选自六甲基二硅氧烷、八甲基三硅氧烷、十甲基四硅氧烷、十二甲基五硅氧烷、十四甲基六硅氧烷、十六甲基七硅氧烷和甲基三(三甲基甲硅烷氧基)硅烷。
9.权利要求7的方法,其中硅氧烷化合物选自六甲基二硅氧烷、八甲基三硅氧烷、十甲基四硅氧烷、十二甲基五硅氧烷、十四甲基六硅氧烷、十六甲基七硅氧烷和甲基三(三甲基甲硅烷氧基)硅烷。
10.清洗被污染的制造业制品的方法,包括:
a)使被污染的制造业制品与汽相硅氧烷化合物接触;
b)使汽相硅氧烷化合物与被污染的制造业制品接触以冷凝为液相,形成冷凝的硅氧烷液体;和
c)逐渐地从制造业制品除去冷凝的硅氧烷液体,因此被污染的制造业制品得到清洗。
11.清洗被污染的服装的方法,基本由下述步骤组成:
a)使被污染的服装与汽相硅氧烷化合物接触;
b)使汽相硅氧烷化合物与被污染的服装接触以冷凝为液相,形成冷凝的硅氧烷液体;和
c)逐渐地从服装中除去冷凝的硅氧烷液体,因此被污染的服装得到清洗。
12.权利要求11的方法,硅氧烷化合物具有下式:
M2+y+2zDxTyQz
其中,
M是R1 3SiO1/2;
D是R2R3SiO2/2;
T是R4SiO3/2;和
Q是SiO4/2。
R1、R2、R3和R4彼此独立地代表具有1-40碳原子的一价烃基;和x和y是整数,其中0≤x≤10和0≤y≤10和0≤z≤10。
13.权利要求11的方法,其中硅氧烷化合物具有下式:
其中,R5、R6、R7和R8彼此独立地代表具有1-40碳原子的一价烃基;和
a和b是整数,其中0≤a≤10和0≤b≤10,其条件是3≤(a+b)≤10。
14.权利要求12的方法,其中步骤a)、b)和c)的每一步骤是独立地在约10℃至约300℃的温度下进行的。
15.权利要求13的方法,其中步骤a)、b)和c)的每一步骤是独立地在约10℃至约300℃的温度下进行的。
16.权利要求14的方法,其中步骤a)、b)和c)的每一步骤是独立地在约0.01mmHg至约760mmHg的压力下进行的。
17.权利要求15的方法,其中步骤a)、b)和c)的每一步骤是独立地在约0.01mmHg至约760mmHg的压力下进行的。
18.权利要求16的方法,其中硅氧烷化合物选自六甲基二硅氧烷、八甲基三硅氧烷、十甲基四硅氧烷、十二甲基五硅氧烷、十四甲基六硅氧烷、十六甲基七硅氧烷和甲基三(三甲基甲硅烷氧基)硅烷。
19.权利要求17的方法,其中硅氧烷化合物选自六甲基二硅氧烷、八甲基三硅氧烷、十甲基四硅氧烷、十二甲基五硅氧烷、十四甲基六硅氧烷、十六甲基七硅氧烷和甲基三(三甲基甲硅烷氧基)硅烷。
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-
2001
- 2001-03-21 US US09/813,666 patent/US6610108B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-02-15 ES ES02706291T patent/ES2250620T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-15 CN CNB028104501A patent/CN1330820C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-02-15 WO PCT/US2002/004620 patent/WO2002077356A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-02-15 JP JP2002575385A patent/JP4040470B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-02-15 AU AU2002240387A patent/AU2002240387B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-02-15 KR KR1020037012283A patent/KR100866659B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-02-15 AT AT02706291T patent/ATE309404T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-02-15 EP EP02706291A patent/EP1373627B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-15 DE DE60207221T patent/DE60207221T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2005
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1373627B1 (en) | 2005-11-09 |
CN1330820C (zh) | 2007-08-08 |
WO2002077356A1 (en) | 2002-10-03 |
ATE309404T1 (de) | 2005-11-15 |
JP2004532361A (ja) | 2004-10-21 |
AU2002240387B9 (en) | 2002-10-08 |
DE60207221T2 (de) | 2006-07-20 |
AU2002240387B2 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
HK1072452A1 (en) | 2005-08-26 |
EP1373627A1 (en) | 2004-01-02 |
DE60207221D1 (de) | 2005-12-15 |
JP4040470B2 (ja) | 2008-01-30 |
US20030019048A1 (en) | 2003-01-30 |
ES2250620T3 (es) | 2006-04-16 |
KR100866659B1 (ko) | 2008-11-04 |
US6610108B2 (en) | 2003-08-26 |
KR20030093263A (ko) | 2003-12-06 |
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