CN1554791A - Method for increasing quenching degree and heat processing performance of gear steel - Google Patents
Method for increasing quenching degree and heat processing performance of gear steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN1554791A CN1554791A CNA2003101097190A CN200310109719A CN1554791A CN 1554791 A CN1554791 A CN 1554791A CN A2003101097190 A CNA2003101097190 A CN A2003101097190A CN 200310109719 A CN200310109719 A CN 200310109719A CN 1554791 A CN1554791 A CN 1554791A
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Abstract
The method of raising the quenching degree and heat processing performance of gear steel includes controlling the P content in molten steel during electric furnace smelting to not more than 0.017 wt%, adding P-Fe alloy during refining in refinery furnace to P content in steel product of 0.018-0.026 wt%, and making the steel product possess relatively low alloy element content of standard gear steel. The said method can raise the quenching degree and heat processing performance of gear steel effectively.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of hardening capacity of Pinion Steel and method of hot workability of improving.
Background technology
Along with the development of machinery manufacturing industry, more and more higher to the specification of quality of Pinion Steel.High-grade Pinion Steel had both required steel to have narrow high-hardenability band, required steel to have good hot workability again simultaneously.
In influencing Pinion Steel hardening capacity all multifactor, the influence of chemical ingredients is the most important, is the steel of C＜0.77% for hypoeutectoid steel, and along with the increase of C, Mn, Cr content, the hardening capacity of steel significantly improves.The hardening capacity of existing raising gear and the method for hot workability generally by C, Mn, Cr content in the control steel, guarantee that the hardening capacity of Pinion Steel is qualified.In order to improve the hardening capacity of Pinion Steel, to improve the add-on of C, Mn, Cr alloying element in the steelmaking process, this not only makes steel-making cost improve, and along with the increase of C, Mn, Cr alloy content in the steel, the heat conductivility of steel descends, and the plasticity of steel and toughness reduce, and steel are in hot procedure, especially under the situation that the thermal processing distortion amount is bigger, be very easy to cracking.As homemade 40MnBH Pinion Steel, when being used to make end quenching, the ratio that shape splits in hot procedure, occurring and reach 30-40% than higher gear.
Summary of the invention
Existing improve the hardening capacity of Pinion Steel and the method cost height of hot workability in order to overcome, easy rimose weak point in hot procedure, the invention provides a kind of hardening capacity of Pinion Steel and method of hot workability of improving, it is low to handle the Pinion Steel cost with present method, and the Pinion Steel hardening capacity of processing is good, plasticity and toughness height.
The major technique key of the hardening capacity of raising Pinion Steel of the present invention and the method for hot workability is Pinion Steel smelting (essence) refining at existing manufacturing gear, mould forms ingot, redly send breaking down, the soaking cogging, in the rolling whole process of becoming a useful person, Pinion Steel smelted be divided into electric furnace refining just and ladle refining furnace refining two and go on foot and finish, electric furnace just refining is finished fusing and oxidation, ladle refining is finished reduction, add ferrorphosphorus in the ladle refining furnace refining process and adjust the content of P in the molten steel at 0.018-0.026%, increase along with phosphorus content in the steel, can promote growing up of austenite crystal, effectively improve the hardening capacity of Pinion Steel, next is that the content of the alloying element in the Finished Steel is the lower limit of Pinion Steel standard chemical composition, lower limit control as GB5216-85 standard or company standard requirement, and in the electrosmelting process, P content in the control molten steel, during electric furnace steel tapping, the P in the molten steel≤0.017%.
The step of the hardening capacity of this raising Pinion Steel and the method for hot workability is as follows:
1 electrosmelting
Steel scrap and molten iron joined in the electric furnace smelt, the molten iron of adding and the weight ratio of steel scrap are 1.1: 1 to 1.2: 1, and the P content in the steel scrap is 0.020-0.035%; P content in the molten iron is 0.040-0.070%, and Si content is 0.5-0.8%, and the temperature of molten iron is greater than 1250 ℃.
Earlier steel scrap is joined in the electric furnace, and then adding molten iron, begin oxygen blast after adding molten iron, scrap melting and molten steel oxidation carry out simultaneously, steel scrap and lime solid charge melt rapidly in smelting process, take off C simultaneously, take off P, degas, go to be mingled with, to guarantee that refining procedure normally is as the criterion in the ladle refining furnace, take off after P to P≤0.017% electric furnace steel tapping; Before electric furnace steel tapping, earlier according to the steel grade that is refined, adding contains iron alloy and the lime and the synthetic slag of corresponding element and is baked to more than 800 ℃ in the ladle of ladle refining furnace, then the molten steel of electric furnace is poured in the ladle, molten steel carries out the preliminary alloying of molten steel in the ladle of ladle refining furnace, in the iron alloy, the content of alloying element is wanted height, composition is accurate, lumpiness is suitable, it is low to be mingled with harmful element content.As produce the 40MnBH Pinion Steel, add manganeseirom, ferro-silicon, and preheating 30 minutes, again the molten steel in the electric furnace is poured in the ladle of ladle refining furnace, the amount that adds ferromanganese, ferro-silicon, be to make ladle Mn:1.13-1.23% in the steel when entering the refining station, Si:0.17-0.27%.Steel grade for other can add ferrochrome, ferro-molybdenum, and the iron alloy of adding, the content that should make in the molten steel corresponding element are the lower limit that requires of Pinion Steel such as the lower limit of GB5216-85.
The refining of B ladle refining furnace
The ladle that molten steel is housed is moved on to the refining station, further deoxidation, desulfurization, removal are mingled with under reductive condition, while is according to composition and the requirement of Pinion Steel chemical ingredients standard such as the requirement of GB5216-85 of refining initial stage molten steel, add the iron alloy and ferrorphosphorus and the carbon dust adjustment molten steel composition that contain corresponding element, when the ladle of ladle refining furnace is tapped, alloying element in the molten steel is controlled at the lower limit of Pinion Steel standard such as the lower limit of GB5216-85, and the content of P is 0.018-0.026%.
Carrying out vacuum outgas, mould according to known method again forms ingot, redly send breaking down, soaking cogging, is rolled into round steel.
The major technique key of the hardening capacity of this raising Pinion Steel and the method for hot workability is the phosphorus content of adjusting in the control steel, has improved the hardening capacity of Pinion Steel effectively, and the HRC that leaves quenched end 9mm place can improve 1-10; Improved the hot workability of Pinion Steel effectively, the cracking ratio of Pinion Steel in forging, thermal treatment, hot procedure reduced 20-40%, as 40MnBH Pinion Steel with present method refining, through testing with former heat processing technique, the rimose ratio is less than 3%, 20CrMnTiH Pinion Steel cracking ratio is less than 2%, and the cracking ratio of ZL20CrMoH Pinion Steel is less than 2%; Adjust in the smelting process of the hardening capacity of P content raising steel in the control steel, the add-on of ferrophosphorus is lacked than existing method, price is low, can reduce the production cost of Pinion Steel, and the cost of Finished Steel per ton can reduce 8-20 unit, as the 40MnBH Pinion Steel, the rate of recovery of ferrophosphorus is 90-95%, and in the ladle refining furnace refining process, the add-on of C and manganeseirom is few, and the ferrophosphorus price that adds is low, has reduced the cost of 40MnBH Pinion Steel.
Embodiment
Describe the hardening capacity of this raising Pinion Steel and the method for hot workability in detail below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment one improves the hardening capacity of 40MnBH Pinion Steel and the method for hot workability, and customer requirements end quenching performance is narrower and tight than related standards, and requirement is the upper limit of standard, and its step is as follows:
1 electrosmelting
Electrosmelting is fusing and the oxidation of finishing steel scrap, and steel scrap is added in 50 tons of superpower electric furnaces for 30 tons, and the P content in the steel scrap is for being generally 0.020-0.035%, and present embodiment is 0.026%; 1280 ℃ of molten iron of 35 tons are joined in the same superpower electric furnace, the P content in the molten iron is generally 0.040-0.070% again, and present embodiment is 0.055%, and Si content is generally 0.5-0.8%, and present embodiment is 0.6%; Begin oxygen blast after adding molten iron, adopt omnidistance oxygen blast scrap melting and molten steel oxidation to carry out simultaneously, solid charge such as steel scrap and lime melts rapidly in smelting process, take off C simultaneously, take off P, degas, go to be mingled with, general liquid steel temperature reaches 1640-1680 ℃, C 〉=0.09%, P≤0.017% o'clock tapping, present embodiment is at 1660 ℃, C=0.11%, tap during P=0.016%, then molten steel is poured into manganeseirom is housed, ferro-silicon, lime and synthetic slag also toast in 30 minutes the ladle of ladle refining furnace, and molten steel carries out the preliminary alloying of molten steel in this ladle.In the iron alloy, the content of alloying element is wanted height, composition is accurate, lumpiness is suitable, it is low to be mingled with harmful element content.
2 ladle refining furnace refinings
The ladle of the ladle refining furnace that molten steel is housed is moved on to the refining station, further deoxidation under reducing atmosphere, desulfurization, removal is mingled with, simultaneously add ferrorphosphorus according to the composition of refining initial stage molten steel and the requirement of GB5216-85 Finished Steel, manganeseirom, ferro-silicon and carbon dust are adjusted molten steel composition, increase the content of P in the molten steel, make C in the Finished Steel, Si, Mn, the content of P is respectively C:0.39-0.41%, Si:0.17-0.37%, Mn:1.13-1.23%, P:0.020-0.025%, present embodiment is C:0.40%, Si:0.25%, Mn:1.15%, P:0.022%.
Embodiment two improves the hardening capacity of 20CrMnTiH Pinion Steel and the method for hot workability, and this steel grade is used to make the gear and the main shaft of automobile, heavy duty lathe, requires good hardening capacity and surface quality, and its step is as follows:
1 electrosmelting
Steel scrap is added in 50 tons of superpower electric furnaces for 33 tons, and the P content in the steel scrap is for being generally 0.020-0.035%, and present embodiment is 0.030%; 1260 ℃ of molten iron of 35 tons are joined in the same superpower electric furnace, the P content in the molten iron is 0.040-0.070% again, and present embodiment is 0.060%, and Si content is generally 0.5-0.8%, and present embodiment is 0.6%; Begin oxygen blast after adding molten iron, adopt omnidistance oxygen blast scrap melting and molten steel oxidation to carry out simultaneously, solid charge such as steel scrap and lime melts rapidly in smelting process, take off C simultaneously, take off P, degas, go to be mingled with, general liquid steel temperature reaches 1640-1680 ℃, C 〉=0.09%, P≤0.017% o'clock tapping, present embodiment is at 1650 ℃, C=0.10%, tap during P=0.015%, then molten steel is poured into ferro-silicon is housed, ferrochrome, manganeseirom, lime and synthetic slag also toast in 30 minutes the ladle of ladle refining furnace, and molten steel carries out the preliminary alloying of molten steel in this ladle.In the iron alloy, the content of alloying element is wanted height, composition is accurate, lumpiness is suitable, it is low to be mingled with harmful element content.
2 ladle refining furnace refinings
The ladle of the ladle refining furnace that molten steel is housed is moved on to the refining station, further deoxidation, desulfurization, removal are mingled with under reducing atmosphere, add ferrorphosphorus, manganeseirom and carbon dust adjustment molten steel composition according to the composition of refining initial stage molten steel and the requirement of GB5216-85 Finished Steel simultaneously, increase the content of P in the molten steel, make the content of C in the Finished Steel, Si, Mn, Cr, P be respectively C; 0.20-0.22%, Si:0.17-0.37%, Mn:1.00-1.10%, Cr:1.00-1.15%P:0.020-0.025%, present embodiment are C; 0.21%, Si:0.20%, Mn:1.05%, Cr:1.10% P:0.022%.
Embodiment three improves the hardening capacity of ZL20CrMoH Pinion Steel and the method for hot workability, this steel grade is used for the back axle gear and the gearbox gear of 8 tons of cargo trucies, very tight to mechanical property, hardening capacity, nonmetal inclusion content and autstenitic grain size requirement, its step is as follows:
1 electrosmelting
Steel scrap is added in 50 tons of superpower electric furnaces for 30 tons, and the P content in the steel scrap is for being generally 0.020-0.035%, and present embodiment is 0.025%; 1260 ℃ of molten iron of 33 tons are joined in the same superpower electric furnace, the P content in the molten iron is generally 0.040-0.070% again, and present embodiment is 0.050%, and Si content is generally 0.5-0.8%, and present embodiment is 0.6%; Begin oxygen blast after adding molten iron, adopt omnidistance oxygen blast scrap melting and molten steel oxidation to carry out simultaneously, furnace charge such as steel scrap and lime solid melts rapidly in smelting process, take off C simultaneously, take off P, degas, go to be mingled with, general liquid steel temperature reaches 1640-1680 ℃, C 〉=0.09%, P≤0.017% o'clock tapping, present embodiment is at 1660 ℃, C=0.12%, tap during P=0.016%, then molten steel is poured into ferrochrome is housed, manganeseirom, ferro-molybdenum, ferro-silicon and lime and synthetic slag also toast in 30 minutes the ladle of ladle refining furnace, molten steel carries out the preliminary alloying of molten steel in this ladle, in the iron alloy, it is high that the content of alloying element is wanted, composition is accurate, lumpiness is suitable, be mingled with harmful element content low.
2 ladle refining furnace refinings
The ladle of the ladle refining furnace that molten steel is housed is moved on to the refining station, further deoxidation, desulfurization, removal are mingled with under reducing atmosphere, add ferrorphosphorus, manganeseirom, ferrochrome, ferro-molybdenum and carbon dust adjustment molten steel composition according to the composition of refining initial stage molten steel and the requirement of standard Q/14000TB3003.1-2003 Finished Steel simultaneously, increase the content of P in the molten steel, make the content of C in the Finished Steel, Si, Mn, Cr, Mo, P be respectively C; 0.21-0.23%, Si:0.20-0.30%, Mn:0.80-0.90%, Cr:1.00-1.15% Mo:0.20-0.30%, P:0.020-0.025%, present embodiment are C; 0.22%, Si:0.20%, Mn:0.85%, Cr:1.05% P:0.023%.In the iron alloy, the content of alloying element is wanted height, composition is accurate, lumpiness is suitable, it is low to be mingled with harmful element content.
Among above-mentioned three embodiment, must not have silt, masonry in the steel scrap, the few greasy dirt of the few rust of cleaning, the ladle temperature of 30 minutes ladle refining furnace of preheating is greater than 800 ℃.
The molten steel of above-mentioned three embodiment is gone out behind the refining station to carry out vacuum outgas, mould according to known scheme and form ingot, redly send breaking down, soaking cogging, rolling becoming a useful person again.
Above-mentioned three embodiment are not limitations of the present invention, and the hardening capacity of raising Pinion Steel of the present invention and the method for hot workability can be used for other Pinion Steel.
In State Standard of the People's Republic of China GB5216-85, the chemical ingredients of Finished Steel is among the foregoing description one, the embodiment two:
Board chemical ingredients %
Number C Si Mn Cr B Ti p
40MnBH 0.37-0.44 0.17-0.37 1.00-1.40 0.0005-0.035 ≤0.030
20CrMnTiH 0.17-0.23 0.17-0.37 0.80-1.15 1.00-1.35 0.04-0.10 ≤0.030
In the company standard Q/14000 TB3003.1-2003 of Taiyuan Iron ﹠ Steel (Group) Co., Ltd., the chemical ingredients of Finished Steel is in the foregoing description three:
Board chemical ingredients %
Number C Si Mn P S Cr Mo
ZL20CrMoH 0.17-0.23 0.15-0.35 0.55-0.40 ≤0.03 ≤0.03 0.85-1.25 0.15-0.35
The Ti of embodiment two adds when mould forms ingot.
Explanation of nouns
Ladle refining furnace can be handled various special steels by the exploitation in 1971 of Japanese special steel company, is characterized in electric-arc heating, adds that synthetic slag is washed and Argon.LF is two initials of this stove Ladle Furnace.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of hardening capacity of Pinion Steel and method of hot workability of improving, it is characterized in that in electric furnace refining just and ladle refining furnace refining process, electric furnace just refining is finished fusing and oxidation, ladle refining furnace is finished reduction refining, add the content that ferrorphosphorus is adjusted P in the molten steel in the ladle refining furnace refining process, the content that makes P in the Finished Steel is at 0.018-0.026%.
2, the method for the hardening capacity of raising Pinion Steel according to claim 1 and hot workability, it is characterized in that: in the electrosmelting process, P content in the control molten steel, during electric furnace steel tapping, P in the molten steel≤0.017%, in ladle refining furnace purified Pinion Steel Finished Steel, the content of alloying element is the lower limit of Pinion Steel standard.
3, according to the hardening capacity of claim 1,2 described raising Pinion Steels and the method for hot workability, it is characterized in that:
The A electrosmelting joins steel scrap and molten iron in the electric furnace to be smelted, and the molten iron of adding and the weight ratio of steel scrap are 1.1: 1 to 1.2: 1, and the P content in the steel scrap is 0.020-0.035%; P content in the molten iron is 0.040-0.070%, and Si content is 0.5-0.8%, and the temperature of molten iron is greater than 1250 ℃; Earlier steel scrap is joined in the electric furnace, and then adding molten iron, begin oxygen blast after adding molten iron, scrap melting and molten steel oxidation carry out simultaneously, steel scrap and lime solid charge melt rapidly in smelting process, take off C simultaneously, take off P, degas, go to be mingled with, to guarantee that refining procedure normally carries out in the ladle refining furnace, take off after P to P≤0.017% electric furnace steel tapping; Before electric furnace steel tapping, earlier according to the steel grade that is refined, adding contains iron alloy and the lime and the synthetic slag of corresponding element and is baked to more than 800 degree in ladle, then the molten steel of electric furnace is poured in the ladle of ladle refining furnace, molten steel carries out the preliminary alloying of molten steel in ladle, in the iron alloy, the content of alloying element is wanted height, composition is accurate, lumpiness is suitable, it is low to be mingled with harmful element content;
The refining of B ladle refining furnace moves on to the refining station to the ladle that the ladle refining furnace of molten steel is housed, further deoxidation, desulfurization, removal are mingled with under reductive condition, simultaneously according to the composition of refining initial stage molten steel and the requirement of Pinion Steel chemical ingredients standard, add the iron alloy and ferrorphosphorus and the carbon dust adjustment molten steel composition that contain corresponding element, when the ladle of ladle refining furnace is tapped, alloying element in the molten steel be controlled at the Pinion Steel standard in, lower limit, the content of P is 0.018-0.026%.
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| CN 200310109719 CN1272456C (en) | 2003-12-26 | 2003-12-26 | Method for increasing quenching degree and heat processing performance of gear steel |
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| CN 200310109719 CN1272456C (en) | 2003-12-26 | 2003-12-26 | Method for increasing quenching degree and heat processing performance of gear steel |
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| CN1272456C CN1272456C (en) | 2006-08-30 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102424934A (en) * | 2011-11-16 | 2012-04-25 | 东北特殊钢集团有限责任公司 | Manufacturing method of steel forged component of 18CrNiMo7-6 large gear |
| CN102912225A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2013-02-06 | 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司 | Method for improving hardenability of 40MnBH steel for hardenability maintenance structure |
| CN103468887A (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2013-12-25 | 浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司 | Heat treatment method of alloy steel after forging |
-
2003
- 2003-12-26 CN CN 200310109719 patent/CN1272456C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102424934A (en) * | 2011-11-16 | 2012-04-25 | 东北特殊钢集团有限责任公司 | Manufacturing method of steel forged component of 18CrNiMo7-6 large gear |
| CN102424934B (en) * | 2011-11-16 | 2013-06-05 | 抚顺特殊钢股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method of steel forged component of 18CrNiMo7-6 large gear |
| CN102912225A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2013-02-06 | 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司 | Method for improving hardenability of 40MnBH steel for hardenability maintenance structure |
| CN103468887A (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2013-12-25 | 浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司 | Heat treatment method of alloy steel after forging |
| CN103468887B (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2017-05-31 | 浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司 | The heat treatment method after forging of steel alloy |
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| CN1272456C (en) | 2006-08-30 |
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Owner name: SHANXI TAIGANG STAINLESS STEEL CO., LTD. Free format text: FORMER OWNER: TAIYUAN IRON AND STEEL (GROUP) CO LTD Effective date: 20070629 |
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