CN111455131B - Smelting and continuous casting method of high-cleanliness wear-resistant steel - Google Patents
Smelting and continuous casting method of high-cleanliness wear-resistant steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN111455131B CN111455131B CN202010475253.XA CN202010475253A CN111455131B CN 111455131 B CN111455131 B CN 111455131B CN 202010475253 A CN202010475253 A CN 202010475253A CN 111455131 B CN111455131 B CN 111455131B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
- B22D11/111—Treating the molten metal by using protecting powders
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/076—Use of slags or fluxes as treating agents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a smelting and continuous casting method of high-cleanliness wear-resistant steel, belonging to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy. The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the steel quality is poor when the titanium content in the steel is higher, the cleanliness is low, and the quality of the finally produced product is low. The invention provides a smelting and continuous casting method of high-cleanliness wear-resistant steel, which is produced according to the process flow of electric furnace-AOD-LF-VD-continuous casting, wherein the electric furnace, the LF and the VD are used for alloying molten steel step by step, the LF is added with wear-resistant steel refining slag for slagging, and casting slag is adopted in the whole process of casting, and the titanium content in the steel is 0.1-0.8 percent by mass fraction. The invention can realize the smooth casting of the wear-resistant steel with high Ti content, greatly reduce the impurities in the steel and produce the product with stable components.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy, and particularly relates to a method for smelting and continuously casting high-cleanliness wear-resistant steel.
Background
Titanium is a good deoxidizing and degassing agent in steel and an effective element for fixing nitrogen and carbon. The application of titanium in steel is mainly in a micro-alloying mode, and the addition of a certain amount of titanium (0.01-0.03%) in the steel can realize the effects of refining the steel structure, improving the strength of the steel, improving the plasticity and impact toughness of the steel and the like. Along with the improvement of the titanium content in the steel, the toughness, the processing performance and the wear resistance of the product are greatly improved, particularly when the Ti content in the steel is more than or equal to 0.15%, a large amount of micron-sized (1-5 mu m) TiC (more than or equal to 80%) and a small amount of TiN can be obtained, the wear resistance of the product is more than 10 times of that of titanium microalloyed steel, and the service life of the product is obviously prolonged.
Titanium is a very active metal element at the steelmaking and casting temperatures, and is easy to be oxidized and also easy to react with air and nitrogen in molten steel, TiN is very easy to form in the molten steel under high titanium content, and the defects of nozzle nodulation and blockage, steel leakage and serious blank material caused by cold steel formed by a crystallizer and fish are often caused. Meanwhile, because the titanium content is high, the titanium in the smelted continuous casting steel is very easy to react with auxiliary materials such as ladle slag, covering slag and the like, so that the performance of the slag is deteriorated, the metallurgical function is reduced, nonmetallic inclusions in molten steel are difficult to float upwards and remove, the steel quality is poor, the cleanliness is low, and the finally produced product is low in quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that the steel quality is poor when the titanium content is higher, the cleanliness is low, and the finally produced product has low quality.
The technical scheme for solving the problems is to provide a smelting and continuous casting method of high-cleanliness wear-resistant steel, which comprises the steps of producing according to an electric furnace-AOD-LF-VD-continuous casting process flow, alloying molten steel by the electric furnace, the LF and the VD step by step, and adding TiO-containing material into the LF2The abrasion-resistant steel refining slag is slagging and the components of the ladle slag are controlled, and the high TiO is adopted in the pouring process2The content of the covering slag is 0.1 to 0.8 percent of the titanium content in the steel by mass fraction.
Wherein the refining slag comprises the following components (CaO + BaO + SrO): 40-60%, MgO: 3-10% of SiO2：0.1-10％，Al2O3：20-40％，F-：1-5％，TiO2: 5 to 30 percent. Here, (CaO + BaO + SrO) means that at least one of CaO, BaO, and SrO is contained.
Wherein the component of the covering slag is TiO2：5％-20％，(CaO+BaO)：30％-50％，SiO2：9％-13％，Al2O3：20％-28％，(NaF+B2O3)：10％-25％，Li2O: 3% -8%, C: 5% -10%; the viscosity of the mold flux is 0.1-0.3 Pa.S at 1300 ℃ and the melting point is 900-1100 ℃. Here, (CaO + BaO) represents a compound containing at least one of CaO and BaO, and (NaF + B)2O3) Shows that contains NaF and B2O3At least one of (1).
Wherein, the composition of the ladle slag is controlled to be (CaO + BaO + SrO)/(SiO) after refining2+Al2O3) The ratio is controlled to be 1.3-2.6, and the melting point is 1220-1350 ℃.
Wherein, 0.2-1.5kg of fluorite and 0.3-1.0kg of aluminum shot are added into the slag surface of the LF station, 3-7kg of wear-resistant steel refining slag and 0.3-1.0kg of aluminum shot are added into the slag surface of the LF station after heating for 5-15min, 2-5kg of wear-resistant steel refining slag is added into the slag surface of the LF station again after heating for 5-15min, and the molten steel is continuously heated until the working procedure target temperature is reached.
During the continuous casting from the casting to the stable pulling speed, the liquid level of the crystallizer needs to be protected by argon gas, the flow is 5-30L/min, and the whole casting process adopts covering slag.
Wherein, the electric furnace is added with manganese-containing alloy to carry out manganese alloying, and the manganese content in the steel is controlled to be slightly lower than the lower limit of the components of the finished product; the LF is added with an aluminum-containing alloy and a manganese-containing alloy to adjust the aluminum and the manganese in the steel to the component range of a finished product, and then added with a carbon-containing alloy to adjust the carbon in the steel to the component range of the finished product; VD is added with titanium-containing alloy, and titanium in the steel is controlled within the range of the components of the finished product.
Wherein, the titanium-containing alloy is one or more of 40TiFe, 70TiFe, 80TiFe or pure titanium.
Wherein, AOD is added with slag in two batches, 2.5-4.5 kg/t of lime steel and 0.3-1.5kg/t of fluorite steel are added at the bottom of the furnace before molten steel is mixed, and when the temperature in the AOD furnace is more than or equal to 1610 ℃, 15-23 kg/t of lime steel, 3.0-10.0kg/t of quartz sand and 2-8kg/t of bauxite steel are added; and controlling the alkalinity of AOD final slag to be 1.8-2.4.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can realize the smooth pouring of the wear-resistant steel with high Ti content, can stabilize the metallurgical properties of the ladle slag and the covering slag in the refining-continuous casting process, has good capability of adsorbing non-metallic inclusions under the process condition, greatly reduces the inclusions in the steel, and produces the product with stable components.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a smelting and continuous casting method of high-cleanliness wear-resistant steel, which comprises the steps of producing according to an electric furnace-AOD-LF-VD-continuous casting process flow, alloying molten steel by steps of the electric furnace, the LF and the VD, adding wear-resistant steel refining slag for slagging in the LF and controlling the components of steel ladle slag, wherein the casting process adopts protective slag, and the titanium content in the steel is 0.1-0.8 percent by mass fraction.
Wherein the refining slag comprises the following components (CaO + BaO + SrO): 40-60%, MgO: 3-10% of SiO2：0.1-10％，Al2O3：20-40％，F-：1-5％，TiO2：5-30％。
Wherein the component of the covering slag is TiO2：5％-20％，(CaO+BaO)：30％-50％，SiO2：9％-13％，Al2O3：20％-28％，(NaF+B2O3)：10％-25％，Li2O: 3% -8%, C: 5% -10%; the viscosity of the mold powder is 0.1-0.3 Pa.S, and the melting point is 900-1100 ℃.
Wherein, the ladle slag component (CaO + BaO + SrO)/(SiO) is refined and finished2+Al2O3) The ratio is controlled to be 1.3-2.6, and the melting point is 1220-1350 ℃.
Wherein, 0.2-1.5kg of fluorite and 0.3-1.0kg of aluminum shot are added into the slag surface of the LF station, 3-7kg of wear-resistant steel refining slag and 0.3-1.0kg of aluminum shot are added into the slag surface of the LF station after heating for 5-15min, 2-5kg of wear-resistant steel refining slag is added into the slag surface of the LF station again after heating for 5-15min, and the molten steel is continuously heated until the working procedure target temperature is reached.
During the continuous casting from the casting to the stable pulling speed, the liquid level of the crystallizer needs to be protected by argon gas, the flow is 5-30L/min, and the whole casting process adopts covering slag.
The method comprises the following steps of adding a manganese-containing alloy into an electric furnace to perform manganese alloying, controlling the manganese content in steel to be slightly lower than the lower limit of the composition and to be lower than the lower limit of the composition by 0.2%, adding an aluminum-containing alloy and a manganese-containing alloy into LF to adjust the aluminum and the manganese in the steel to be in the range of the composition of a finished product, then adding a carbon-containing alloy to adjust the carbon in the steel to be in the range of the composition of the finished product, adding a titanium-containing alloy into VD, and controlling the titanium in the steel to be in the composition of the finished product.
Wherein, the titanium alloy is one or more of 40TiFe, 70TiFe, 80TiFe or pure titanium.
Wherein the manganese-containing alloy is ferromanganese and/or metal manganese; the aluminum-containing alloy is one or more of aluminum iron, aluminum balls and aluminum wires.
Wherein, AOD is added with slag in two batches, 2.5-4.5 kg/t of lime steel and 0.3-1.5kg/t of fluorite steel are added at the bottom of the furnace before molten steel is mixed, and when the temperature in the AOD furnace is more than or equal to 1610 ℃, 15-23 kg/t of lime steel, 3.0-10.0kg/t of quartz sand and 2-8kg/t of bauxite steel are added; and controlling the alkalinity of AOD final slag to be 1.8-2.4.
The smelting and continuous casting method of the high-cleanliness wear-resistant steel is particularly suitable for the titanium content in the steel of 0.1-0.8%.
The invention is further illustrated and described by the following examples and comparative examples.
In the embodiment, the components of the steel are controlled by the following weight percentage of 0.10-0.40% of C, 0.1-0.8% of Ti0.3% or less of Si, 0.8-1.5% of Mn0.01-0.06% of Als0.020% or less of P and 0.015% or less of S.
Example 1
The deoxidation alloying process comprises the following steps: adding manganese-containing alloy into the electric furnace to perform manganese alloying, controlling the manganese content in the steel after the electric furnace is finished to be slightly lower than the lower limit of the components, adjusting carbon, manganese and aluminum in the steel to be in the components of a finished product by LF, adding 70TiFe alloy containing titanium after VD treatment is carried out for 10 minutes, and then treating for 10 minutes to control titanium in the steel to be in the components of the finished product;
adding 2.5kg/t of lime steel and 0.3kg/t of fluorite steel into the furnace bottom before adding molten steel by AOD, and adding 23kg/t of lime steel, 10.0kg/t of quartz sand and 3kg/t of bauxite steel when the temperature in the AOD furnace is more than or equal to 1610 ℃;
adding fluorite 0.5 kg/ton steel and aluminum shot 1.0 kg/ton steel to the slag surface in an LF station, heating the molten steel for 5min, adding abrasion-resistant steel refining slag 7 kg/ton steel and aluminum shot 0.3 kg/ton steel, continuously heating the molten steel, heating for 15min, adding the refining slag 2 kg/ton steel again, heating the molten steel until the working procedure target temperature is reached, and adding special refining slag components: (CaO + BaO + SrO): 56%, MgO: 4% of SiO2：4％，Al2O3：25％，F-：4％，TiO2：5％；
During the period from casting to stable pulling speed, the liquid level of the crystallizer needs to be protected by argon, the flow is 5L/min, the whole casting process adopts special covering slag for wear-resistant steel, and the covering slag comprises the following components in percentage by weight: TiO 22：5％，(CaO+BaO)：46％，SiO2：9％，Al2O3：20％，(NaF+B2O3)：10％，Li2O: 3%, C: 5%, viscosity 0.28 Pa.S, melting point 1080 ℃.
The detection result of the casting blank inclusions produced by the method is as follows: the proportion of non-metallic inclusions of (10-50) um is reduced by 57% compared with the original process, and the proportion of inclusions larger than 50um is reduced by 85% compared with the original process.
Example 2
The deoxidation alloying process comprises the following steps: adding manganese-containing alloy into the electric furnace to perform manganese alloying, controlling the manganese content in the steel after the electric furnace is finished to be slightly lower than the lower limit of the components, adjusting carbon, manganese and aluminum in the steel to be in the components of a finished product by LF, adding 40TiFe alloy containing titanium after VD treatment is performed for 20 minutes, and then treating for 4 minutes to control titanium in the steel to be in the components of the finished product;
adding lime 4.5kg/t steel into the furnace bottom before AOD molten steel mixing; 1.5kg/t fluorite steel, when the temperature in the AOD furnace is more than or equal to 1610 ℃, 16.2kg/t lime steel, 6.8kg/t quartz sand steel and 6kg/t bauxite steel are added;
adding fluorite 1.0 kg/ton steel and aluminum shot 0.3 kg/ton steel to the slag surface in an LF station, heating the molten steel for 10min, adding wear-resistant steel refining slag 3 kg/ton steel and aluminum shot 1.0 kg/ton steel, continuously heating the molten steel, heating for 5min, adding the refining slag 5 kg/ton steel again, heating the molten steel until the working procedure target temperature is reached, and adding special refining slag components: (CaO + BaO + SrO): 40%, MgO: 3% of SiO2：1％，Al2O3：25％，F-：2％，TiO2：27％；
During the period from casting to stable pulling speed, the liquid level of the crystallizer needs to be protected by argon gas, the flow rate is 28L/min, the whole casting process adopts special covering slag for wear-resistant steel, and the covering slag comprises the following components in percentage by weight: TiO 22：14％，(CaO+BaO)：30％，SiO2：10％，Al2O3：22％，(NaF+B2O3)：12％，Li2O: 4%, C: 6%, viscosity 0.13Pa · S, melting point 920 ℃.
The detection result of the casting blank inclusions produced by the method is as follows: the proportion of non-metallic inclusions of (10-50) um is reduced by 79 percent compared with the original process, and the proportion of inclusions larger than 50um is reduced by 90 percent compared with the original process.
Comparative example
The deoxidation alloying process comprises the following steps: adding a proper amount of manganese-containing alloy into the electric furnace to perform manganese alloying, adjusting manganese and aluminum in the steel to be in the finished product components by LF after the electric furnace finishes and performing carbon and titanium alloying after VD treatment starts, and controlling titanium in the steel to be in the finished product components;
adding 8kg/t of steel lime into the furnace bottom before adding molten steel by AOD, and adding the molten steel; when the temperature in the furnace is more than or equal to 1600 ℃ in the AOD converting process, 12kg/t of steel is added with lime.
After LF enters a station and is heated for 10min, adding 7kg of active lime per ton of steel and 2.5kg of high-aluminum slag modifier per ton of steel, continuing heating the molten steel, heating for 10min, adding 5kg of active lime per ton of steel and 2kg of high-aluminum slag modifier per ton of steel again, and continuing heating the molten steel until the working procedure target temperature is reached;
the casting process adopts common low-carbon steel covering slag.
Claims (7)
1. The smelting and continuous casting method of the high-cleanliness wear-resistant steel is characterized by comprising the following steps of: according to the production of the electric furnace-AOD-LF-VD-continuous casting process flow, the electric furnace, the LF and the VD are used for alloying molten steel step by step, and TiO is added into the LF2The slag of the wear-resistant steel refining slag is formed and the components of the ladle slag are controlled, and the whole process of the pouring process adopts high TiO2The content of the covering slag is 0.1 to 0.8 percent of the titanium content in the steel in percentage by mass;
the refining slag comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40-60%, MgO: 3-10% of SiO2：0.1-10％，Al2O3：20-40％，F-：1-5％，TiO2: 5-30% and unavoidable impurities;
the components of the covering slag comprise TiO in percentage by mass2：5％-20％，(CaO+BaO)：30％-50％，SiO2：9％-13％，Al2O3：20％-28％，(NaF+B2O3)：10％-25％，Li2O: 3% -8%, C: 5% -10% and inevitable impurities; the viscosity of the mold powder is 0.1-0.3 Pa.S, and the melting point is 900-1100 ℃.
2. The method for smelting and continuously casting high-cleanliness wear-resistant steel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the steel ladle slag composition (CaO + BaO + SrO)/(SiO) is refined2+Al2O3) Ratio ofThe temperature is controlled to be 1.3-2.6, and the melting point is 1220-1350 ℃.
3. The method for smelting and continuously casting high-cleanliness wear-resistant steel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: specifically, LF slagging is to add fluorite 0.2-1.5 kg/ton steel and aluminum shot 0.3-1.0 kg/ton steel to the slag surface in an LF station, add wear-resistant steel refining slag 3-7 kg/ton steel and aluminum shot 0.3-1.0 kg/ton steel after heating for 5-15min, add wear-resistant steel refining slag 2-5 kg/ton steel again after heating for 5-15min, and continue to heat molten steel until the working procedure target temperature is reached.
4. The method for smelting and continuously casting high-cleanliness wear-resistant steel according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: during the continuous casting from the casting to the stable pulling speed, the liquid level of the crystallizer needs to be protected by argon, the flow is 5-30L/min, and the whole casting process adopts covering slag.
5. The method for smelting and continuously casting high-cleanliness wear-resistant steel according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step-by-step alloying is to add manganese-containing alloy into the electric furnace to carry out manganese alloying, and the manganese content in the steel is controlled to be slightly lower than the lower limit of the components of a finished product; adding an aluminum-containing alloy and a manganese-containing alloy into the LF, adjusting the aluminum and the manganese in the steel to the components of a finished product, and then adding a carbon-containing alloy to adjust the carbon in the steel to the components of the finished product; VD is added with titanium-containing alloy to control the titanium in the steel to be the finished product component.
6. The method for smelting and continuously casting high-cleanliness wear-resistant steel according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the titanium-containing alloy is one or more of 40TiFe, 70TiFe, 80TiFe or pure titanium.
7. The method for smelting and continuously casting high-cleanliness wear-resistant steel according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: adding slag materials into the AOD in two batches, adding 2.5-4.5 kg/t of lime and 0.3-1.5kg/t of fluorite into the furnace bottom before adding molten steel, and adding 15-23 kg/t of lime, 3.0-10.0kg/t of quartz sand and 2-8kg/t of bauxite into the AOD when the temperature in the AOD furnace is more than or equal to 1610 ℃; and controlling the alkalinity of AOD final slag to be 1.8-2.4.
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