CN111424135A - Preparation method of low-cost wear-resistant steel - Google Patents
Preparation method of low-cost wear-resistant steel Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/076—Use of slags or fluxes as treating agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
- B22D11/111—Treating the molten metal by using protecting powders
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of low-cost wear-resistant steel, belonging to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy, and aiming at solving the technical problems that the existing high-titanium-content steel is generally produced in a mold injection mode and has high production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy, and particularly relates to a preparation method of low-cost wear-resistant steel.
Background
Titanium is a good deoxidizing and degassing agent in steel and an effective element for fixing nitrogen and carbon. The application of titanium in steel is mainly in a micro-alloying mode, and the addition of a certain amount of titanium (0.01-0.03%) in the steel can realize the effects of refining the steel structure, improving the strength of the steel, improving the plasticity and impact toughness of the steel and the like. Along with the improvement of the titanium content in the steel, the toughness, the processing performance and the wear resistance of the product are greatly improved, particularly when the Ti content in the steel is more than or equal to 0.15%, a large amount of micron-sized (1-5 mu m) TiC (more than or equal to 80%) and a small amount of TiN can be obtained, the wear resistance of the product is more than 10 times of that of titanium microalloyed steel, and the service life of the product is obviously prolonged.
Titanium is a very active metal element at the steelmaking and casting temperatures, and is easy to be oxidized and also easy to react with air and nitrogen in molten steel, TiN is very easy to form in the molten steel under high titanium content, and the defects of nozzle nodulation and blockage, steel leakage and serious blank material caused by cold steel formed by a crystallizer and fish are often caused. Therefore, the prior steel with high titanium content is generally produced by adopting an injection molding mode, thereby limiting the application field of the product and being difficult to realize scale and low-cost production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problem that the existing steel with high titanium content is generally produced in a mode of injection molding, and the production cost is high.
The technical scheme for solving the problems is to provide a smelting and continuous casting method of high-cleanliness wear-resistant steel, which comprises the steps of production according to the converter-L F-VD-square billet continuous casting process flow, converter end point control, converter tapping, L F, VD step-by-step deoxidation alloying of molten steel, L F adding of titanium dioxide (TiO) -containing alloy2The abrasion-resistant steel refining slag is slagging and the components of the ladle slag are controlled, and the high TiO is adopted in the pouring process2The content of the covering slag is 0.1 to 0.8 percent of the titanium content in the steel by mass fraction.
Wherein the refining slag comprises (CaO + BaO) 40-60%, and SiO20.1-8％，Al2O320-35％，F-1-5％，TiO25 to 30 percent. Here, (CaO + BaO) indicates that at least one of CaO and BaO is contained.
Wherein the component of the covering slag is TiO2：5％-20％，(CaO+BaO)：30％-50％，SiO2：9％-13％，Al2O3：20％-28％，(NaF+B2O3)：10％-25％，Li2O: 3% -8%, C: 5% -10%; the viscosity of the mold flux is 0.1-0.3 Pa.S at 1300 ℃ and the melting point is 900-1100 ℃. Here, (CaO + BaO) represents a compound containing at least one of CaO and BaO, and (NaF + B)2O3) Shows that contains NaF and B2O3At least one of (1).
Wherein, the refining final slag (CaO + BaO)/(SiO)2+Al2O3) The ratio is controlled to be 1.3-2.6, and the melting point is 1220-1350 ℃.
Wherein, 1-5kg of wear-resistant steel refining slag per ton of steel is added at the beginning of L F refining, 1-5kg of the refining slag per ton of steel is added again after heating for 5-15min, and the molten steel is continuously heated until the target temperature is reached.
Wherein, during the continuous casting from the casting to the stable pulling speed, the liquid level of the crystallizer needs to adopt argon protection, the flow is 5-30L/min, and the whole casting process adopts covering slag.
Wherein the [ S ] entering the converter is less than or equal to 0.008 percent; the tapping temperature of the converter is 1670-1690 ℃, and the end point carbon is more than or equal to 0.05 percent; argon is blown on line in the tapping process, the tapping time is more than or equal to 4 minutes, the slag thickness control target is less than or equal to 80mm, and the clearance height of the ladle is controlled according to 300-500 mm.
Wherein, manganese-containing alloy and aluminum-containing alloy are added when steel is tapped from a converter at 1/4-2/3 to control manganese and aluminum elements in the steel to be in the lower limit of the range of finished product components, L F carbon, manganese and aluminum in the steel are adjusted to be in the finished product components, VD treatment is carried out for 10-20 minutes, then titanium-containing alloy is added, treatment is carried out for 3-10 minutes, and titanium in the steel is controlled to be in the finished product components.
Wherein, the titanium-containing alloy is one or more of 40TiFe, 70TiFe, 80TiFe or pure titanium.
Wherein, the tundish adopts an air curtain retaining wall, the argon flow of the air curtain retaining wall is 3-9L/min, the argon flow of the long water gap and each stopper position is 10-20L/min, and the positive pressure is kept.
Wherein, the superheat degree of the molten steel of the tundish in the continuous casting process is controlled at 25-50 ℃, the secondary cooling adopts a secondary cooling system of strong cooling in a solidification end point region, the cooling strength is properly improved, the specific water amount is 0.65kg/t steel-0.80 kg/t steel, and the cooling strength of 7-8 sections of the solidification end point region is 50-60L/(min m & lt/m & gt)2)。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can realize the smooth casting of the wear-resistant steel with high Ti content, the number of continuous casting furnaces is more than or equal to 4 in a continuous casting mode, and the yield is greatly improved from 65 percent of die casting to more than 95 percent.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of low-cost wear-resistant steel, which comprises the steps of production according to the converter-L F-VD-square billet continuous casting process flow, converter end point control, converter tapping, L F, VD step-by-step molten steel deoxidation alloying, L F adding wear-resistant steel refining slag for slagging and controlling ladle slag components, wherein the casting process adopts covering slag, and the titanium content in the steel is 0.1-0.8 percent by mass fraction.
Wherein the refining slag comprises the following components (CaO + BaO): 40-60% of SiO2：0.1-8％，Al2O3：20-35％，F-：1-5％，TiO2：5-30％。
Wherein the component of the covering slag is TiO2：5％-20％，(CaO+BaO)：30％-50％，SiO2：9％-13％，Al2O3：20％-28％，(NaF+B2O3)：10％-25％，Li2O: 3% -8%, C: 5% -10%; the viscosity of the mold flux is 0.1-0.3 Pa.S at 1300 ℃ and the melting point is 900-1100 ℃.
Wherein, the refining final slag (CaO + BaO)/(SiO)2+Al2O3) The ratio is controlled to be 1.3-2.6, and the melting point is 1220-1350 ℃.
Wherein, 1-5kg of wear-resistant steel refining slag per ton of steel is added at the beginning of L F refining, 1-5kg of the refining slag per ton of steel is added again after heating for 5-15min, and the molten steel is continuously heated until the target temperature is reached.
Wherein, during the continuous casting from the casting to the stable pulling speed, the liquid level of the crystallizer needs to adopt argon protection, the flow is 5-30L/min, and the whole casting process adopts covering slag.
Wherein the [ S ] entering the converter is less than or equal to 0.008 percent; the tapping temperature of the converter is 1670-1690 ℃, and the end point carbon is more than or equal to 0.05 percent; argon is blown on line in the tapping process, the tapping time is more than or equal to 4 minutes, the slag thickness control target is less than or equal to 80mm, and the clearance height of the ladle is controlled according to 300-500 mm.
Wherein, manganese-containing alloy and aluminum-containing alloy are added when steel is tapped from a converter at 1/4-2/3 to control manganese and aluminum elements in the steel to be in the lower limit of the range of finished product components, L F carbon, manganese and aluminum in the steel are adjusted to be in the finished product components, VD treatment is carried out for 10-20 minutes, then titanium-containing alloy is added, treatment is carried out for 3-10 minutes, and titanium in the steel is controlled to be in the finished product components.
Wherein, the titanium alloy is one or more of 40TiFe, 70TiFe, 80TiFe or pure titanium.
Wherein the manganese-containing alloy is ferromanganese and/or metal manganese; the aluminum-containing alloy is one or more of aluminum iron, aluminum balls and aluminum wires.
Wherein, the tundish adopts an air curtain retaining wall, the argon flow of the air curtain retaining wall is 3-9L/min, the argon flow of the long water gap and each stopper position is 10-20L/min, and the positive pressure is kept.
Wherein, the superheat degree of the molten steel of the tundish in the continuous casting process is controlled at 25-50 ℃, the secondary cooling adopts a secondary cooling system of strong cooling in a solidification end point region, the cooling strength is properly improved, the specific water amount is 0.65kg/t steel-0.80 kg/t steel, and the cooling strength of 7-8 sections of the solidification end point region is 50-60L/(min m & lt/m & gt)2)。
The preparation method of the low-cost wear-resistant steel is particularly suitable for the titanium content in the steel of 0.1-0.8%.
The invention is further illustrated and described by the following examples and comparative examples.
In the embodiment, the components of the steel are controlled by the following weight percentage of 0.10-0.40% of C, 0.1-0.8% of Ti0.3% or less of Si, 0.8-1.5% of Mn0.01-0.06% of Als0.020% or less of P and 0.015% or less of S.
Example 1
0.008% of converter charging [ S ], 1670% of converter tapping temperature and 0.05% of end point carbon, online argon blowing during tapping, tapping time of 5.2 minutes, slag thickness of 50mm, and steel ladle clearance height of 350 mm;
when 1/4 steel is tapped from a converter, high-carbon ferromanganese and aluminum iron are respectively added to alloy elements such as manganese and aluminum in the steel and are controlled to be in the lower limit of the components, L F carbon powder, medium-carbon ferromanganese and aluminum wires are added to adjust the carbon, manganese and aluminum in the steel to be in the finished product components, VD treatment is carried out for 10 minutes, then titanium-containing alloy (pure titanium plate edge cutting) is added, treatment is carried out for 10 minutes, and the titanium in the steel is controlled to be in the finished product components;
adding 2.5kg of wear-resistant steel refining slag per ton of steel at the beginning of L F refining, heating the molten steel, adding 2.5kg of the refining slag per ton of steel after heating for 10min, continuously heating the molten steel for 5min, and adding the refining slag with the components of (CaO + BaO): 56%, and SiO2：8％，Al2O3：25％，F-：4％，TiO2：5％；
An air curtain retaining wall is adopted in the tundish, the argon flow rate of the air curtain retaining wall is 3L/min, the argon flow rate of the long water gap and each stopper position is 20L/min, and positive pressure is kept;
during the period from casting to stable pulling speed, the liquid level of the crystallizer needs to be protected by argon gas with the flow rate of 5L/min, and the whole casting process adopts special protective slag for wear-resistant steel, wherein the components and the properties of the protective slag are TiO2：5％，(CaO+BaO)：46％，SiO2：9％，Al2O3：20％，(NaF+B2O3)：10％，Li2O: 3%, C: 5 percent; viscosity 0.28 Pa.S, melting point 1080 ℃;
the pouring temperature of the continuous casting molten steel is stable, the superheat degree of the tundish molten steel in the continuous casting process is 35-45 ℃, the secondary cooling specific water amount is 0.65kg/t steel, and the cooling strength of 7-8 sections of regions at the solidification end point is 50L/(min m & lt/m & gt)2) Thereby ensuring the accelerated solidification of the casting blank in the later solidification stage and reducing the generation of liquated TiN in the solidification process.
And 5 furnaces are continuously cast, no crack exists in the casting blank, and the yield is 97%.
Example 2
0.004% of converter charging [ S ], the converter tapping temperature of 1690 ℃, the end point carbon of 0.08%, online argon blowing during tapping, the tapping time of 6.3 minutes, the slag thickness of 80mm, and the steel ladle clearance height of 500 mm;
when 2/3 steel is tapped from a converter, low-carbon ferromanganese and aluminum pellets are respectively added to alloy manganese, aluminum and other elements in the steel, the lower limit of the components is controlled, L F is added with a carburant, metal manganese and aluminum particles to adjust the carbon, manganese and aluminum in the steel to the components of finished products, after VD treatment is carried out for 20 minutes, titanium-containing alloy (70TiFe) is added, and after treatment is carried out for 4 minutes, the titanium in the steel is controlled to be the components of the finished products;
adding 1 kg/ton steel of wear-resistant steel refining slag at L F, heating molten steel, adding 3 kg/ton steel of the refining slag after heating for 5min, heating the molten steel for 12min, and adding the refining slag with the components of (CaO + BaO): 40% and SiO2：1％，Al2O3：28％，F-：2％，TiO2：27％；
An air curtain retaining wall is adopted in the tundish, the argon flow rate of the air curtain retaining wall is 9L/min, the argon flow rate of the long water gap and each stopper position is 10L/min, and positive pressure is kept;
during the period from casting to stable pulling speed, the liquid level of the crystallizer needs to be protected by argon gas with the flow rate of 28L/min, the whole casting process adopts special protective slag for wear-resistant steel, and the protective slag comprises the components and the properties of TiO2：14％，(CaO+BaO)：30％，SiO2：10％，Al2O3：22％，(NaF+B2O3)：12％，Li2O: 4%, C: 6 percent, viscosity of 0.13 Pa.S, melting point of 920 ℃;
the pouring temperature of the continuous casting molten steel is stable, the superheat degree of the tundish molten steel is 45-50 ℃ in the continuous casting process, the secondary cooling specific water amount is 0.80kg/t steel, and the cooling strength of 7-8 sections of regions at the solidification end point is 60L/(min m & lt/m & gt)2) Thereby ensuring the accelerated solidification of the casting blank in the later solidification stage and reducing the generation of liquated TiN in the solidification process.
And 4, continuous casting in a furnace, wherein the casting blank has no crack and the yield is 96%.
Comparative example
Adopting 'converter-L F-VD-die casting', wherein the charging temperature of a converter [ S ] is 0.005%, the tapping temperature of the converter is 1690 ℃, the end point carbon is 0.07%, argon is blown on line in the tapping process, the tapping time is 6.1 minutes, the slag discharging thickness is 80mm, and the clearance height of a steel ladle is 500 mm;
l F adds carburant, metal manganese, aluminum particles and titanium-containing alloy to adjust the carbon, manganese, aluminum and titanium in the steel to the components of finished products, and VD processes for 25 minutes;
refining start at L F1kg of refining slag per ton of steel, heating the molten steel, adding 3kg of refining slag per ton of steel again after heating for 5min, heating the molten steel for 13min, wherein the main components of the added refining slag are as follows: CaO: 55% of SiO2：6％，Al2O3：28％，F-：5％；
And argon is adopted for protection in the whole process of injection molding and pouring.
Pouring into a furnace 1, wherein the inner part of the cast ingot has slight intermediate cracks, and the yield is 65 percent.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the low-cost wear-resistant steel is characterized by comprising the following steps of producing according to the converter-L F-VD-square billet continuous casting process flow, controlling the end point of the converter, tapping in the converter, deoxidizing and alloying molten steel in L F, VD steps, and adding TiO-containing L F2The slag of the wear-resistant steel refining slag is formed and the components of the ladle slag are controlled, and the whole process of the pouring process adopts high TiO2The content of the covering slag is 0.1 to 0.8 percent of the titanium content in the steel by mass fraction.
2. The method of producing a low cost wear resistant steel as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the components of the wear-resistant steel refining slag comprise (CaO + BaO): 40-60% of SiO2：0.1-8％，Al2O3：20-35％，F-：1-5％，TiO2: 5-30% and unavoidable impurities; melting point 1260-.
3. The method of producing a low-cost wear-resistant steel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the components of the covering slag comprise TiO in percentage by mass2：5％～20％，(CaO+BaO)：30％～50％，SiO2：9％～13％，Al2O3：20％-28％，(NaF+B2O3)：10％-20％，Li2O: 3% -8%, C: 5 to 10 percent and inevitable impurities; viscosity at 1300 ℃ of 0.1-0.3 Pa.S and melting point at 900-1100 ℃.
4. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is low-cost and durableThe preparation method of the mill steel is characterized by comprising the following steps: refining final slag (CaO + BaO)/(SiO)2+Al2O3) The ratio is controlled to be 1.3-2.6, and the melting point is 1220-1350 ℃.
5. The method for preparing the low-cost wear-resistant steel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein L F slagging is specifically to add 1 to 5kg of wear-resistant steel refining slag per ton of steel at the beginning of L F refining, heat the steel for 5 to 15min, add 1 to 5kg of wear-resistant steel refining slag per ton of steel again, and continue to heat the molten steel until the target temperature is reached.
6. The method for preparing the low-cost wear-resistant steel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein during the period from casting to stable drawing speed of the continuous casting, the liquid level of a crystallizer needs to be protected by argon gas, the flow rate is 5-30L/min, and the whole casting process adopts covering slag.
7. The method for producing low-cost wear-resistant steel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by: the [ S ] entering the converter is less than or equal to 0.008 percent; the tapping temperature of the converter is 1670-1690 ℃, and the end point carbon is more than or equal to 0.05 percent; argon is blown on line in the tapping process, the tapping time is more than or equal to 4 minutes, the slag thickness control target is less than or equal to 80mm, and the clearance height of the ladle is controlled according to 300-500 mm.
8. The preparation method of the low-cost wear-resistant steel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that deoxidation alloying is specifically characterized in that manganese-containing alloy and aluminum-containing alloy are added when converter tapping is carried out at 1/4-2/3 to control the manganese and aluminum elements in the steel to be lower limit of finished product components, L F is used for adjusting the carbon, manganese and aluminum in the steel to be the finished product components, VD treatment is carried out for 10-20 minutes, then titanium-containing alloy is added, and treatment is carried out for 3-10 minutes to control the titanium in the steel to be the finished product components.
9. The preparation method of the low-cost wear-resistant steel according to the claims 1-8, wherein an air curtain retaining wall is adopted in the tundish, the argon flow rate of the air curtain retaining wall is 3-9L/min, the argon flow rate of a long water gap and each stopper position is 10-20L/min, and positive pressure is maintained.
10. The preparation method of the low-cost wear-resistant steel according to the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the superheat degree of the molten steel in the tundish in the continuous casting process is controlled to be 25-50 ℃, the secondary cooling adopts a strong cooling system of solidification end point region strong cooling, and the cooling strength is properly improved at the same time, the specific water amount is 0.65kg/t steel-0.80 kg/t steel, wherein the cooling strength of 7-8 sections of the solidification end point region is 50-60L/(min-m) m2)。
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