CN108893682B - Die steel billet and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Die steel billet and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108893682B CN108893682B CN201810863475.1A CN201810863475A CN108893682B CN 108893682 B CN108893682 B CN 108893682B CN 201810863475 A CN201810863475 A CN 201810863475A CN 108893682 B CN108893682 B CN 108893682B
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 170
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 168
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910014458 Ca-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910006639 Si—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005262 decarbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910018473 Al—Mn—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000600 Ba alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910014813 CaC2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical class [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000727 Fe4N Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000677 High-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008455 Si—Ca Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003679 aging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 molybdenum aluminate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011112 process operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- GFNGCDBZVSLSFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium vanadium Chemical compound [Ti].[V] GFNGCDBZVSLSFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a die steel billet and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of die steel products. The invention aims to solve the problem that the prior art needs to add rare earth elements and a large amount of alloy elements to improve the overall performance of die steel, so that the production cost is overhigh, and the technical scheme is to provide a die steel billet which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.45-1.05%, Cr: 16-19%, Co: 1.3-1.8%, Mn: 0.3-0.7%, Si: 0.15-0.40%, Mo: 0.9-1.1%, Ni: 0.8-1.0%, V: 0.15-0.4%, Ti: 0.1 to 0.5 percent of the total weight of the alloy, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.012 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.0045 percent of N, and the balance of Fe. The die steel billet can be used for preparing die steel with excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a die steel billet and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of die steel products.
Background
The parts of household appliances, parts of the electromechanical industry, rubber products, ceramic products, plastic products and the like are mostly formed by adopting the die, so that the quality, benefit and development capability of the product are determined to a great extent by the die. However, due to the influence of complicated factors such as high temperature, pressure, stress and the like for a long time, the die failure often occurs, mainly in the aspects of shape change, dimensional out-of-tolerance and the like, and the basic failure mode is represented as follows: surface wear and corrosion, cracking, deformation and accidental damage to the mold. Therefore, good die steel is required to have high wear resistance, corrosion resistance, strength, hardness, and the like. Among them, plastic die steel, which is the variety with the largest yield and the largest proportion among die steels, has been developed vigorously in recent years, and increasingly higher requirements are made on the quality of products.
CN103060698A discloses a preparation process of corrosion-resistant die steel, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 1.0-1.2%, Cr: 16-19%, Co: 1.3-1.8%, Mn: 0.2-0.6%, Si: 0.2-0.7%, Mo: 0.9-1.4%, V: 0.05 to 0.2%, Ti: 0.05-0.4%, rare earth RE: 0.05-0.4% and the balance of iron. The preparation method comprises the steps of adding Ti and rare earth RE for treatment when smelting in an electric furnace, preparing 100-300 kg of cast ingot, remelting in electroslag, rolling after remelting to obtain flat steel, wherein the rolling deformation is 50-70%, heating the flat steel to 650-760 ℃, preserving heat for 5-6 hours, cooling the flat steel to 280-320 ℃ in a furnace, preserving heat for 3-5 hours, heating to 650-690 ℃, preserving heat for 32 hours, cooling to 400 ℃ at 40 ℃/hour, and cooling to 120 ℃ at 18 ℃/hour; carrying out heat treatment on the obtained flat steel, heating to 1000 ℃ and preserving heat for 1-2h, cooling the flat steel to be not higher than 100 ℃, then reheating to the temperature range of 680-710 ℃ and preserving heat for 3h, and then cooling by water; after tempering treatment, heating the head of the flat steel to 320-400 ℃, preserving heat for 4-5 hours, then carrying out spray cooling treatment, keeping the tail of the flat steel at 1020 ℃ for 6-8 hours, then carrying out air cooling, finally heating the middle of the flat steel to 160-190 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, and placing the flat steel into an iron box for cooling by piling.
In order to ensure that the die steel has higher hardness and toughness, more alloy elements and rare earth elements La and Ce are required to be added, and because the rare earth elements are active in chemical property, impurities such as oxygen, sulfur and the like in the steel can be neutralized, so that the impurities can be subjected to violent reaction, the steel quality can be purified, and the overall performance of the steel can be obviously improved. However, this results in waste of valuable resources and greatly increases the production cost. In addition, the cast ingot prepared by the method has smaller weight, and the popularization and application range is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a die steel billet and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problem that the production cost is overhigh because rare earth elements and a large amount of alloy elements are required to be added for improving the overall performance of die steel in the prior art.
The invention provides a die steel billet which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.45-1.05%, Cr: 16-19%, Co: 1.3-1.8%, Mn: 0.3-0.7%, Si: 0.15-0.40%, Mo: 0.9-1.1%, Ni: 0.8-1.0%, V: 0.15-0.4%, Ti: 0.1 to 0.5 percent of the total weight of the alloy, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.012 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.0045 percent of N, and the balance of Fe.
Further, the chemical components by weight percentage are as follows: c: 0.50-0.85%, Cr: 16.5-18%, Co: 1.4-1.6%, Mn: 0.45-0.6%, Si: 0.21-0.35%, Mo: 0.95-1.1%, Ni: 0.8-1.0%, V: 0.15-0.4%, Ti: 0.15 to 0.45 percent of the total weight of the alloy, less than or equal to 0.018 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.0030 percent of N and the balance of Fe.
The invention provides a preparation method of a die steel billet, which comprises the following steps: smelting to obtain molten steel containing the chemical components, and casting the molten steel into a billet to obtain the steel.
Preferably, the steel slab is electroslag remelted. The electroslag remelting is utilized to remove a large amount of impurities in steel, improve the macrostructure of steel and effectively improve the performance of the steel.
Further, the smelting comprises the steps of EBT electric furnace smelting, LF furnace refining and VD refining.
Further, the smelting control parameters of the EBT electric furnace are as follows:
the oxidation decarbonization amount is more than or equal to 0.4 percent;
the oxidation temperature is controlled to be more than or equal to 1580 ℃ in the oxidation period;
the boiling time in the oxidation period is more than or equal to 8 min;
dephosphorizing at 1550-1680 ℃.
Wherein, the boiling time in the oxidation period is more than or equal to 8min, and harmful gases and inclusions in the steel can fully float upwards.
Further, the refining control parameters of the LF furnace are as follows:
making silicate oxidizing slag with alkalinity R of 4.0-6.0;
the white slag retention time is more than or equal to 18 min;
adding Si and/or Al for deep deoxidation and desulfurization;
argon blowing is adopted for stirring, and the argon blowing amount is 50-1000 m3/min；
Adding deoxidizer respectively at 1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 periods of a tapping period;
the addition amount of the deoxidizer in the time period is respectively 55 percent to 31 percent to 14 percent by weight percent;
the total mass of the deoxidizer is as follows: the mass of molten steel is 2150: 200000;
the deoxidizer is selected from one or more than two of metal manganese, Si-Mn alloy, Al-Mn-Si alloy, Ca-Si alloy and Si-Ca-Ba alloy;
adding aluminum wire and/or ferrotitanium to control the nitrogen content in the molten steel to be less than or equal to 60 ppm.
Wherein, argon blowing stirring is adopted to accelerate the floating speed of the inclusion, and small inclusions can be easily floated by forming larger inclusions through collision and polymerization, but the argon blowing amount needs to be controlled within 50-1000 m3In the range of/min, otherwise, if the argon blowing flow exceeds 1000m3And/min, the steel slag is involved into the molten steel, so that more slag inclusion or inclusions are brought, and the temperature of the molten steel is reduced too much.
Further, the VD refining control parameters are as follows:
adding a refining agent into molten steel, wherein the refining agent contains CaO;
preferably, the refining agent further contains CaF2、Ca-Si、CaC2One or more than two of the components;
the temperature of refined molten steel before vacuum treatment is more than or equal to 1680 ℃;
in the vacuum treatment process, the time that the vacuum degree is less than 60Pa is more than or equal to 20 min;
obtaining molten steel with nitrogen content less than or equal to 45 ppm;
the tapping temperature is more than or equal to 1650 ℃.
Wherein, the refining agent which mainly comprises calcium oxide is sprayed into the molten steel, the calcium oxide has higher affinity to alumina, can form calcium aluminate salts, is easy to agglomerate, grow and float upwards, the inclusion in the molten steel is obviously reduced, and the purity of the steel is obviously improved.
Wherein CaO-CaF is sprayed into the molten steel2The sulfur can be removed; the form of sulfide can be changed by spraying Ca-Si; spraying into CaC2Can achieve the aim of deoxidation and desulfurization.
The addition amount of the alloy is large during refining of the steel grade, so that if the tapping temperature is lower than 1650 ℃, the refining time is very long, the nitrogen absorption of molten steel is serious, and the nitrogen content is not favorably controlled to a lower level; on the contrary, if the tapping temperature is more than or equal to 1650 ℃, the refining time is greatly shortened.
Further, the casting method comprises the following steps: and die casting to form a steel ingot, wherein the die casting adopts a downward injection method, and the steel ingot is poured at a water gap under the protection of inert gas.
Preferably, the inert gas is argon.
The invention provides die steel which is prepared by the following method: and (3) taking the die steel billet, forging and carrying out heat treatment to obtain the die steel billet.
According to the invention, a vanadium-titanium microalloying component route is adopted, and the nitrogen content is controlled to a lower level, so that the obtained steel billet can be further processed into die steel with good corrosion resistance, impact toughness, plasticity, formability and cold processing performance. The invention also provides a preparation method of the die steel billet, which has the advantages of simple process, strong practicability and good application prospect, and can control the nitrogen content to be below 45 ppm.
Detailed Description
The raw materials and equipment used in the embodiment of the present invention are known products and obtained by purchasing commercially available products.
The invention provides a die steel billet which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.45-1.05%, Cr: 16-19%, Co: 1.3-1.8%, Mn: 0.3-0.7%, Si: 0.15-0.40%, Mo: 0.9-1.1%, Ni: 0.8-1.0%, V: 0.15-0.4%, Ti: 0.1 to 0.5 percent of the total weight of the alloy, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.012 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.0045 percent of N, and the balance of Fe.
Wherein, the function of V: 1. vanadium can improve the heat strength of steel, and improve the creep resistance and high-temperature endurance strength of steel; 2. the stability of the steel in high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen is improved, so that the stability of the steel to the hydrogen under high pressure is up to more than 600 ℃; 3. in pearlite low alloy steel, vanadium can prevent molybdenum steel from graphitizing at high temperature; 4. by precipitation in the final ferrite structure, dispersed and finely distributed VN precipitates are formed, and the toughness and the fatigue resistance are improved.
The function of Ti: the added trace Ti forms Ti (CN) precipitates which play a role in refining crystal grains in the heating process of the plate blank, and the TiC precipitates which are distributed in a fine and dispersed mode are precipitated in the final ferrite structure to play a role in precipitation strengthening and improve the welding performance of a finished product.
The die steel with high nitrogen content can slowly precipitate nitrides in the long-term standing process, so that the die steel becomes brittle, and the impact toughness, plasticity, cold processing performance, formability, welding performance and the like of the steel are adversely affected. The harm is mainly shown in that: the precipitation of Fe4N causes the aging property and blue brittleness of the steel, and reduces the toughness and plasticity of the steel; forming an edge-angular and brittle inclusion with elements such as titanium, aluminum and the like in the steel; when the content of residual nitrogen in the steel is high, the macroscopic structure of the steel is loosened and even bubbles are formed. According to production experience, the adding amount of the alloy in the smelting and refining processes of the converter is strictly controlled, namely elements such as Si, Ni and the like capable of reducing the nitrogen content in the steel are increased to the upper limit of the specification, and elements such as Mn, Cr, Mo, V and the like capable of causing the nitrogen content in the steel are controlled to be in a certain range as much as possible so as to reduce the negative influence of nitrogen.
The function of C: the die steel prepared by the invention belongs to high-carbon steel, and the increase of the content of C is beneficial to the improvement of the strength, the hardness and the wear resistance of the steel, but can influence the toughness of the steel, so that the control of C is a key point. The content of C is controlled within the range of 0.45-1.05%, so that the strength, hardness and wear resistance of the steel can be improved, and the toughness of the steel cannot be obviously adversely affected.
In conclusion, the invention can achieve the purpose of improving the comprehensive mechanical property of the die steel by mainly controlling the contents of V, Ti, N and C (0.15-0.4 percent of V, 0.1-0.5 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.0045 percent of N and 0.45-1.05 percent of C) in the billet, thereby avoiding using rare earth metals, reducing the total addition of alloy elements and obviously reducing the production cost.
In addition, impurity element S, P has an adverse effect on the toughness of the die steel. When the die is in service at a high temperature, the high-temperature plasticity and toughness of the die are damaged due to the dynamic segregation of impurity elements such as S, P and the like to a grain boundary, so that the die is subjected to high-temperature brittle fracture. The research shows that the S, P content is reduced, which is helpful to improve the cold and hot fatigue performance of the steel.
The invention can avoid using rare earth metal, reduce the total addition of alloy elements and reduce the introduction of S, P and other impurities on the whole, so the P content is controlled below 0.020% and the S content is controlled below 0.012% by a refining process, thereby reducing or even eliminating the harm of trace impurity elements, improving the quality of die steel and leading the die steel to have excellent performances such as high corrosion resistance, high hardness, high obdurability and the like.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the die steel billet, which comprises the following steps: smelting to obtain molten steel containing the chemical components, and casting the molten steel into a billet to obtain the steel.
The existing smelting process of die steel has the following main reasons that the nitrogen content of the obtained steel billet is higher and is generally more than 120 ppm: 1. the prior art mainly adopts a method of feeding an aluminum wire in a VD vacuum refining furnace to reduce the nitrogen content, and has extremely limited control capability on nitrogen; 2. aluminum is usually adopted as a deoxidizer during deoxidation, so that the alloyed molten steel is easy to absorb nitrogen again; 3. the dissolution of nitrogen in steel increases gradually with the temperature increase during the smelting process. The high nitrogen content in the steel billet has a significant adverse effect on the mechanical properties of the die steel.
The method for smelting by using the EBT electric furnace, the LF furnace and the VD furnace can ensure that the nitrogen content of the molten steel is less than or equal to 30 ppm. When the steel billet is cast by adopting a down-pouring method and pouring under the protection of inert gas at a water gap, the nitrogen content of the obtained steel billet can reach a level less than or equal to 45 ppm.
Further, because the carbon content of the steel grade is higher, the addition amount of the alloy of the LF furnace is more, the oxygen content of molten steel is higher, if aluminum is used for deoxidation, the loss of the Al content in the smelting process is caused, the fluctuation range is large, the control is difficult, and the problems of Al delamination and the like of steel ingots at the later stage are caused. Therefore, the invention adopts the aluminum-free deoxidation process for smelting, and uses metal manganese, Si-Mn alloy, Al-Mn-Si alloy, Ca-Si alloy and Si-Ca-Ba alloy as the deoxidizer, thereby achieving good deoxidation effect. Wherein, the deoxidizers are respectively added in 1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 periods of a tapping cycle, the adding amount of the deoxidizers in the three periods is respectively 55 percent to 31 percent to 14 percent in proportion, which is beneficial to ensuring that the deoxidizers are melted more uniformly, thereby realizing the aluminum-free deoxidation.
EXAMPLE 1 preparation of die Steel billet according to the invention
1) Smelting in an EBT electric furnace:
a) selecting high-quality raw materials, wherein the steel scraps are preferably good steel scraps (preferably return materials of the group) or high-quality pig iron As much As possible, and the steel scraps are required to have low S, P content and strictly control other harmful elements such As As, Sn, Pb, Cu and the like. The oxidation method is used for smelting, and the decarbonization amount in the oxidation period and the oxidation decarbonization (the decarbonization amount is more than or equal to 0.4 percent) are ensured. The oxidation period is required to realize high-temperature oxidation (the oxidation temperature is more than or equal to 1580 ℃) and vigorous boiling, the boiling time is more than or equal to 8min, and the floating of harmful gas and impurities in the steel is facilitated. Dephosphorizing to below 0.008% at low temperature (1550-1680 ℃).
b) A high-quality erosion-resistant refractory material should be selected. The furnace lining can be high-quality magnesia carbon bricks, and the steel ladle can be high-alumina bricks or magnesia carbon bricks.
c) Accurately controlling the steelmaking end point, realizing high-carbon tapping and preventing molten steel from being oxidized; strictly controlling the slag discharge amount during tapping, and modifying the slag during tapping. The w (FeO + MnO) in the ladle slag is controlled to be less than or equal to 3 percent, the slag alkalinity R is controlled to be more than or equal to 2.5, the rephosphorization of the molten steel is avoided, and Si-Mn deoxidation is carried out in the tapping process.
2) Refining in an LF furnace:
the LF furnace refining is to remove impurities in steel and reduce the gas content in the steel, a refining furnace is adopted for producing large amount of slag for refining, lime and fluorite are added, power is supplied for heating, alloying quantitative adjustment is carried out, the operation of producing white slag and deeply removing P, S is carried out, carbon powder is used for keeping white slag, the keeping time of the white slag is more than or equal to 18min, a proper amount of Si powder and Al powder are added, deep deoxidation and desulphurization are carried out, the white slag is ensured to have good fluidity, the temperature is more than or equal to 1610 ℃, S is less than or equal to 0.006 percent, the nitrogen content in molten steel can be controlled to be less than or equal to 60ppm by supplementing aluminum wires and adding ferrotitanium, sampling; the oxygen content is reduced by 40 to 60 percent through refining, the sulfur content is reduced by more than or equal to W (S)40 percent, and the inclusion in the molten steel is obviously reduced. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a) making high alkalinity (R is 4.0-6.0) silicate oxidizing slag, controlling the alkalinity R of the slag to be more than or equal to 3.5, controlling the w (Al2O3) in the slag to be 25-30 percent and the w (FeO + MnO) in the slag to be less than or equal to 1.0 percent (preferably less than 0.5 percent), realizing the diffusion deoxidation of the slag on the molten steel, and simultaneously finishing the process task of desulfurization. After the white slag is refined, Si-Ca wires are fed to denature the impurities. Controlling the components of inclusions in the steel and ensuring that w (Al2O3) is less than or equal to 25 percent.
b) During smelting, argon blowing stirring is adopted, so that the floating speed of the inclusion can be accelerated, small inclusions can be easily floated by forming larger inclusions through collision and polymerization, but the argon blowing amount is controlled to be proper (the argon blowing amount is generally 50-1000 m)3Min), if the argon blowing flow is too large or the argon blowing time is too long, the steel slag is involved in the molten steel, so that more slag inclusion or inclusion is brought, and the temperature of the molten steel is reduced too much.
c) Adding a composite deoxidizer (metal manganese, Si-Mn alloy, Al-Mn-Si alloy, Ca-Si alloy, Si-Ca-Ba alloy and the like can be used As the composite deoxidizer) into the molten steel, wherein the addition amount of the deoxidizer in the molten steel of a 200t converter is 2150kg, and removing non-metallic inclusions of harmful elements such As S, P, As, Sn, Pb, Cu and the like.
3) VD refining:
stirring by blowing argon and vacuum degassing. Performing secondary refining by using a vacuum refining furnace, controlling nonmetallic inclusions in molten steel, and performing component fine adjustment; the refining agent mainly containing calcium oxide is sprayed into the molten steel, the calcium oxide has higher affinity to aluminum oxide, calcium aluminate salts can be formed, the molybdenum aluminate has lower melting point and is easy to agglomerate, grow and float upwards, the inclusion in the molten steel is obviously reduced, and the purity of the steel is obviously improved. The size of most inclusions is less than or equal to 50 mu m. Spraying CaO-CaF into molten steel2Can be desulfurized or sprayed with Ca-Si powder to change the form of sulfide or sprayed with CaC2The powder achieves the aim of deoxidation and desulfurization. The temperature of refined steel liquid before vacuum treatment is required to be more than or equal to 1680 ℃, and the thickness of slag entering a vacuum refining furnace is required to be less than or equal to 40 mm; in the vacuum treatment process, the time of limiting vacuum degree less than 60Pa is ensured to be more than 20 min. Smelting to obtain molten steel with the following chemical components in percentage by weightCounting: c: 0.50-0.85%, Cr: 16.5-18%, Co: 1.4-1.6%, Mn: 0.45-0.6%, Si: 0.21-0.35%, Mo: 0.95-1.1%, Ni: 0.8-1.0%, V: 0.15-0.4%, Ti: 0.15 to 0.45 percent of the total weight of the alloy, less than or equal to 0.018 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.0030 percent of N and the balance of Fe. The tapping temperature is controlled to be more than or equal to 1650 ℃. Because the addition amount of the alloy is more than 5 tons during refining of the steel, the addition amount of the alloy is large, if the tapping temperature is lower than 1650 ℃, the refining time is very long, and the nitrogen absorption of molten steel is serious; on the contrary, if the tapping temperature is more than or equal to 1650 ℃, the refining time is greatly shortened.
4) Electroslag remelting:
the electroslag remelting is utilized to remove a large amount of inclusions in steel and improve the macrostructure of steel, thereby effectively improving the performance of the steel.
5) Pouring:
when in die casting, a down-pouring method is adopted, argon is used for protection pouring at a water gap, and the height of a steel ladle water gap injection pipe opening is ensured to be less than or equal to 55 mm. 3.5t and 4.0t square ingots and 5.0 t-8.0 t octagonal ingots prepared by the method are adopted, and then nitrogen and oxygen content detection is respectively carried out on steel ingots. The pouring is mainly used for preventing secondary oxidation of molten steel and inclusion entrainment, so that the purity of the die steel is improved, and the following process operations are adopted:
a) and (5) pouring under the protection of inert gas. When the molten steel rises in the ingot mould, the molten steel is in contact with the ingot mould and the atmosphere (such as in the processes of tapping from an electric furnace-a ladle, a ladle-the ingot mould and the like), and inert gas protection (generally argon gas) is adopted to prevent secondary oxidation of the molten steel.
b) And controlling a reasonable pouring process. By adopting the lower pouring method, the molten steel stably rises in the steel ingot mould, and the molten steel is prevented from overturning, so that the surface quality of the steel ingot is facilitated, and the steel slag is prevented from being involved in the molten steel to form slag inclusion, which influences the purity of the steel and even is scrapped.
c) The mold steel mold powder is placed in the ingot mold, and when the molten steel contacts the powder, liquid slag is generated to float on the surface of the molten steel, so that the molten steel is isolated from the atmosphere and the ingot mold, and argon treatment of the molten steel is reduced.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the die steel billet is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: smelting to obtain molten steel with the following chemical components, and casting the molten steel into a billet to obtain the steel billet, wherein the chemical components are as follows in percentage by weight: c: 0.45-1.05%, Cr: 16-19%, Co: 1.3-1.8%, Mn: 0.3-0.7%, Si: 0.15-0.40%, Mo: 0.9-1.1%, Ni: 0.8-1.0%, V: 0.15-0.4%, Ti: 0.1 to 0.5 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.012 percent of N, less than or equal to 0.0045 percent of N, and the balance of Fe;
the smelting comprises the steps of EBT electric furnace smelting, LF furnace refining and VD refining;
in the LF furnace refining step, deoxidizing agents are added in 1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 time periods of one tapping cycle respectively, wherein the adding amount of the deoxidizing agents in the time periods is 55 percent to 31 percent to 14 percent by weight percent respectively, and the total mass of the deoxidizing agents is as follows: the mass of molten steel is 2150: 200000, the deoxidizer is one or more of metal manganese, Si-Mn alloy, Al-Mn-Si alloy, Ca-Si alloy and Si-Ca-Ba alloy, and aluminum wire and/or ferrotitanium are added to control the nitrogen content in the molten steel to be less than or equal to 60 ppm;
the steel tapping temperature in the VD refining step is more than or equal to 1650 ℃, and molten steel with the nitrogen content less than or equal to 45ppm is obtained;
the casting method comprises the following steps: and die casting to form a steel ingot, wherein the die casting adopts a downward injection method, and the steel ingot is poured at a water gap under the protection of inert gas.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the die steel billet comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.50-0.85%, Cr: 16.5-18%, Co: 1.4-1.6%, Mn: 0.45-0.6%, Si: 0.21-0.35%, Mo: 0.95-1.1%, Ni: 0.8-1.0%, V: 0.15-0.4%, Ti: 0.15 to 0.45 percent of the total weight of the alloy, less than or equal to 0.018 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.0030 percent of N and the balance of Fe.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: and carrying out electroslag remelting on the steel billet.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the smelting control parameters of the EBT electric furnace are as follows:
the oxidation decarbonization amount is more than or equal to 0.4 percent;
the oxidation temperature is controlled to be more than or equal to 1580 ℃ in the oxidation period;
the boiling time in the oxidation period is more than or equal to 8 min;
dephosphorizing at 1550-1680 ℃.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the LF furnace refining control parameters are as follows:
making silicate oxidizing slag with alkalinity R of 4.0-6.0;
the white slag retention time is more than or equal to 18 min;
adding Si and/or Al for deep deoxidation and desulfurization;
argon blowing is adopted for stirring, and the argon blowing amount is 50-1000 m3/min。
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the VD refining control parameters are as follows:
adding a refining agent into molten steel, wherein the refining agent contains CaO;
the refining agent also contains CaF2、Ca-Si、CaC2One or more than two of the components;
the temperature of refined molten steel before vacuum treatment is more than or equal to 1680 ℃;
in the vacuum treatment process, the time of the vacuum degree less than 60Pa is more than or equal to 20 min.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: and pouring the casting at a water gap under the protection of argon.
8. The die steel is characterized in that: prepared by the following method: a die steel billet prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 7 is forged and heat treated to obtain the die steel billet.
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| CN109702442B (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2022-04-22 | 精利模塑科技（无锡）有限公司 | Manufacturing method of precise and rapid forming automobile electronic die |
| CN112538589A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-23 | 攀钢集团江油长城特殊钢有限公司 | Preparation method of die-cast steel ingot |
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Application publication date: 20181127 Assignee: PANGANG GROUP JIANGYOU CHANGCHENG SPECIAL STEEL Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Chengdu advanced metal material industry technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd. Contract record no.: X2024980003064 Denomination of invention: Mold steel billets and their preparation methods Granted publication date: 20201009 License type: Exclusive License Record date: 20240322 |