CN106086688A - A kind of Cr3 series hot die steel and heat treatment method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of Cr3 series hot die steel and heat treatment method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of Cr3 series hot die steel, and described hot die steel, in terms of weight %, comprises C0.38～0.50%, Si 0.15～0.70%, Mn 0.30～0.90%, P≤0.020%, S≤0.010%, Cr2.80～3.50%, Ni 1.40～2.00%, Mo1.80～2.60%, V0.10～0.50%, Al0.020～0.10%, Nb 0.02～0.20%, the Fe of surplus.The present invention proposes the chemical composition formula of a kind of new Cr3 series hot die steel (being designated as YD3 Series Die Steel), with existing Cr3Mo3 (4Cr3Mo3SiV, H10) series hot die steel compares, YD3 Series Die Steel C, Mn, Cr content is suitable, reduce Mo, V, Si content, add Ni element, with the addition of Nb element, with the addition of Al element.Thus improve toughness.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ferrous alloy field, be specifically related to a kind of alloy for forging mold and application thereof.
Background technology
5CrNiMo and 5CrNiMoV is major die material in current industrial (GB/T11880-89 die hammer and large-scale
Mechanical forging press building block technique condition)；GB1299-2000 alloy tool steel；" China's hot die steel performance data collection ", Zhu
Zong Yuan, mechanical engineering material, the 12nd phase of volume 25, P12；Wherein 5CrNiMo mould steel heat resistance and wearability are poor.China forges
Making with mold materials of less types, applying most is 5CrNiMo, 5CrNiMoV, the 4Cr2MoVNi in GB/T11880-89
(B2)；H13 in GB/T1299-2000；According to using hardness to weigh in these kinds, high height, low is low, lacks centre
The kind of hardness, the 5Cr2NiMoVSi in GB/T11880-89 belongs to the kind that hardness is moderate, but because fragility is big, it is easy to cracking,
Apply the most extensive.Therefore need to develop alloying and hardness is in the middle of 5CrNiMo and H13 or higher than H13 series of products.
H13 (4Cr5MoSiV1) is the world's most widely used high-alloy hot work mould steel, and purposes has die cavity complexity, bears
The hammer forging die that shock loading is bigger, the unitary mould on forging press or insert, and hot extrusion mould, hot-cutting die, compression mod
Deng, there is higher thermohardening and wearability (" application of H13 mould steel and development ", Li Caiwen, Wang Mengjun, military star, China
Material science and technology and equipment, 2009, the 4th phase).One steel grade of the H13 Gang Yuanshi U.S., is commonly referred to as 4Cr5MoSiV1 in China
Steel.Hot die steel requires that material has high quenching degree, high elevated temperature strength, high wearability, high toughness, high heat resistanceheat resistant
Split ability and high resistance to melting loss performance etc..Why H13 steel is widely used, and is because it and has characteristics that 1. have height
Quenching degree and high toughness；The most excellent thermal crack resistant ability, can give water-cooled in workplace；3. have medium wear-resisting
Property, carburizing or nitridation process can be used to improve its case hardness；There is anti-softening ability the most at relatively high temperatures；5. heat treatment
Deform little；The best machinability.The shortcoming of H13 is to be not suitable for manufacturing big-and-middle-sized, large-scale and ultra-large type mould, easily
In cracking.Heavy in section hot die steel is developed in native land.
Thickness >=350 of forging and stamping module～referred to as heavy die block, the super-huge module of title of thickness >=500mm of 500mm.I
State develops 45Cr2NiMoVSi (45Cr2), 5Cr2NiMoVSi (5Cr2), 3Cr2MoVNi (B2) and 3Cr2MoWVNi (B3)
Heavy in section hot die steels such as (JBT8431-1996 " hot forging forming mould steel and heat treatment technics conditions thereof "), with 5CrNiMo
Comparing, 45Cr2 and 5Cr2 steel improves quenching degree, elevated temperature strength, heat stability, and impact flexibility is suitable, and heat wear resistance is with anti-
The performance of heat exhaustion is also better than 5CrNiMo, and (" mold materials application manual ", roc set by Lin Huiguo, fire, Ma Shao more edits, mechanic
The industry publishing house second edition, P410).But 45Cr2 and 5Cr2 is prone to cracking.
Summary of the invention
The problem existed for this area, it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of Cr3 series of heat being suitable to large, medium and small mould
Make mould steel.
It is another object of the present invention to propose the mould that described Cr3 series hot die steel prepares.
Third object of the present invention is to propose the heat treatment side of the mould prepared with described Cr3 series hot die steel
Method.
The concrete technical scheme realizing above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is:
A kind of Cr3 series hot die steel, described hot die steel, in terms of weight %, comprises C0.38～0.50%,
Si0.15～0.70%, Mn 0.30～0.90%, P≤0.020%, S≤0.010%, Cr2.80～3.50%, Ni 1.40～
2.00%, Mo1.80～2.60%, V0.10～0.50%, Al0.020～0.10%, Nb 0.02～0.20%, surplus
Fe。
The chemical composition formula of the novel C r3 series hot die steel that the present invention proposes, material designation is YD3, with existing
Cr3Mo3 (4Cr3Mo3SiV, H10) series hot die steel compare, YD3 Series Die Steel C, Mn, Cr content is suitable, reduces
Mo, V, Si content, adds Ni element, with the addition of Nb element, with the addition of Al element.Thus improve toughness.
In prior art, the main alloy element of hot die steel and scope be: C0.26-0.75%, Si0.10-
1.2%, Mn0.20-1.60%, Cr0.5-5.5%, Mo0-3.4%, W0-7.9%, V0-1.4%, Ni0-4.3%, Co0-
4.5%, AL0-0.7%, Nb0-0.3%, the change of each component content the tissue of steel and performance are played beneficial effect and
Disadvantageous effect, target of the present invention is to invent the replacement H13 of the carbide content of a kind of Cr3 high-strength tenacity lower slightly compared with Cr5
Hot die steel, takes the normal place of each element, evades its weakness, and the aspect that emphasis considers is as follows:
1) C effect in steel
Expand γ phase region, but because of the formation of cementite, it is impossible to unlimited solid solution；With the increase of content, improve steel hardness and
Intensity, but reduce its plasticity and toughness.Improve the quenching degree of steel；
Reducing Ms point, therefore keep relatively low carbon content, make the Ms of steel be taken at of a relatively high level, quenching obtains relatively
Many lath martensite tissue improves toughness, also can reduce the carbide quantity in steel after tempering simultaneously and improve toughness, therefore C ratio
5CrNiMo reduces by 0.1～0.2%.
For improving the wearability of steel, steel should be made to obtain martensite+alloy carbide fabric texture, with the steel ratio containing chromium 5%, Cr drops
Low by 2%, therefore in order to improve alloy carbide content, C slightly improves to 0.38-0.50% than Cr5 series (H13), is maintained at shape
Become in the level of a certain amount of alloy carbide.
Therefore steel grade of the present invention takes C 0.38-0.50%.
2), silicon effect in steel:
(1) intensity and the cold work hardening degree that improve solid solution in steel make the toughness of steel and plasticity reduce.
(2) Si is that the effective element .Si improving resistance to tempering reduces carbon diffusion velocity in ferrite, makes tempering separate out
Carbide be difficult to assemble, add temper resistance；
(3) high-temperature oxidation resistance of steel is improved；
(4) unfavorable aspect easily makes steel present banded structure, makes the lateral performance of steel reduce.
The unfavorable aspect of Si is also to increase the carbon segregation in steel, and its detrimental effect is big compared with than its advantageous effect, therefore Si takes
Meet the slightly higher level of the requirement smelting deoxidation.
Therefore steel grade of the present invention takes Si0.15～0.70%.
3), manganese effect in steel
(1) manganese improves the quenching degree of steel.
(2) manganese and ferrum form solid solution, improve ferrite and the hardness of austenite and intensity in steel, and Mn can form again carbonization
Thing, thus improve the intensity of steel, hardness and wearability.
(3) the high-temperature instantaneous intensity of steel is increased by manganese.
(4) manganese reduces the Ms point of steel strongly, increases the remained austenite content in hardened steel, and favourable aspect can improve tough
Property, disadvantageously can increase deflection；
The major defect of manganese steel is, 1. containing manganese higher time, have obvious temper brittleness phenomenon；2. manganese has promotion crystal grain long
Big effect, therefore manganese steel is to overheated more sensitive, therefore must be noted that in Technology for Heating Processing.This shortcoming can be with adding refinement crystalline substance
Grain element such as molybdenum, vanadium, titanium etc. overcome.
Mn is good deoxidizer and desulfurizing agent, and Mn must reach a certain amount in steel, and Mn/S have to be larger than equal to 8.
Steel grade of the present invention mainly utilize its improve quenching degree and improve wearability aspect, therefore take its at higher content, compared with H13
Improve Mn content.
Therefore invention steel grade Mn takes 0.30～0.90%.
4), chromium effect in steel
(1) chromium can improve intensity and the hardness of steel.
(2) chromium can improve the high-temperature mechanical property of steel.
(3) steel is made to have good corrosion resistance and non-oxidizability
(4) graphitization is stoped
(5) quenching degree is improved.
(6) form carbide, improve wearability
(7) temper resistance is increased
(8) Cr impact on steel eutectoid point, it and Mn are substantially similar, reduce the C content of eutectoid point.
Shortcoming: 1. chromium is that the brittle transition temperature 2. chromium significantly improving steel can promote steel belt roof bolt fragility.
Cr is mainly carbide former, increases wearability, improves thermostability, improves anti-temper resistance.Cr3 series
Cr content and Cr5 and Cr1 than taking medium level on the upper side.
Therefore steel grade Cr of the present invention takes 2.8-3.5%.
5), nickel effect in steel
(1) intensity of steel can be improved, and improve its toughness, improve fatigue resistance.(2) nickel can reduce the Transition of Brittleness temperature of steel
Degree, can improve the low-temperature flexibility of steel.(3) nickel can improve the resistance to corrosion of steel, can not only be acidproof, and energy alkali resistant is with big
The corrosion of gas.(4) improving quenching degree, (5) expand austenitic area, increase the remained austenite content in hardened steel, favourable aspect
Toughness can be improved, disadvantageously can increase deflection；(6) increasing dendrite, improve lateral performance, (7) increase lath-shaped horse
Family name's scale of construction, improves toughness, and (8) accelerate carbon diffusion in austenite, and Ni is that non-carbide forms element, improves carbon at austenite
In diffusion coefficient, reduce primary carbide, and make proeutectoid carbide be difficult to grow up.(9) Ni makes the layer of austenite arrange to carry
High.It is generally acknowledged that layer is arranged can be the lowest, is more conducive to extension that position arranges and forms position and arrange, making sliding difficulty, and the processing causing steel is hard
Change trend increases.Otherwise layer is arranged can be the highest, the most easily deformable processing.This can increase at forging pass deformation, is conducive to tissue broken
Broken and loose seam.Therefore Ni takes suitable with 5CrNiMo or slightly higher content range.
Therefore steel grade Ni of the present invention takes 1.4-2.00%.
6), molybdenum effect in steel
(1) molybdenum has solution strengthening effect to ferrite.(2) improve steel heat resistance, improve elevated temperature strength and keep when high temperature
Enough intensity and creep resisting ability (be the most at high temperature stressed, deform, claim creep), (3) crystal grain thinning, improve
Toughness, (4) improve the quenching degree of steel.(5) playing post-curing effect, addition is not less than 1%, the highest by 3%.(6) carbon is formed
Compound, improves resistance to fiber crops mill property.(7) temper resistance is increased.(8) steel belt roof bolt fragility can be suppressed.
Shortcoming: the main ill effect of molybdenum is that it can make low-alloy molybdenum steel that graphited tendency occurs.
In order to improve anti-temper resistance, improve elevated temperature strength, raising wearability.Steel grade of the present invention considers to compare Cr with Cr5
Content has reduced by 2%, need to improve Mo to ensure that wearability and thermostability do not reduce, therefore with Cr5 than improve the content of Mo, but with
Cr3Mo3 ratio is in order to improve impact flexibility, and Mo content the most slightly reduces.
Therefore steel grade Mo of the present invention takes 1.8～2.60%.
7), vanadium effect in steel
Improve steel heat resistance.Crystal grain thinning.Play post-curing effect, form carbide, improve resistance to fiber crops mill property.
Shortcoming: V height forms primary carbide, solution temperature is high, not readily dissolves, thus reduces toughness.
The YD3 Series Steel of the present invention is greatly lowered than V with Cr5 (H13) series and Cr3Mo3 (H10).Steel grade V of the present invention
Take 0.05～0.20%.
8), aluminum effect in steel
(1) reinforced ferrite,
(2) high temperature hardness is improved,
(3) solid solution strength is improved,
(4) crystal grain thinning,
(5) improve Ms point, increase lath M.
(6) it is that non-carbide forms element, the activity of carbon can be improved, improve Carbon diffusion coefficient, make proeutectoid carbide not
Easily grow up.
Therefore steel grade Al of the present invention takes 0.020-0.10%.
9), niobium effect in steel
Nb and C, N, O have extremely strong affinity, form the most stable compound therewith, improve the hardness of steel.The most more
The compound dissipated with crystal grain thinning, can improve the Coarsening Temperature of crystal grain, reduces superheated susceptivity and the temper brittleness of steel.
Therefore steel grade Nb of the present invention takes 0.02-0.20% level.
12) other element and gas content: Cu: be formed without carbide, is present in matrix with solid solution state, can improve steel
Toughness, improves quenching degree and corrosion resistance.But its shortcoming is to increase the red brittleness of steel, therefore its content controls at≤0.20% water
Flat；Ti: for carbide former, can crystal grain thinning, the effect with V, Nb is similar, and owing to the addition of V and Ni, therefore Ti does not adds
Add, should control in≤0.01% level.P, S, Pb, Sn, As, Sb, Bi and gas content N, H, O are harmful element, all should control
Make at reduced levels and the lowest more good.
Further, described Cr3 series hot die steel, use following methods to be prepared: electric furnace or converter smelting, LF
Stove refine, vacuum outgas, molding or continuous casting, annealing, electroslag remelting, slow cooling, annealing, forging, normalizing, spheroidizing, expands hydrogen, slightly
Add, inspection, slightly add, quenched, finishing, inspection.
The mould manufactured with Cr3 series hot die steel of the present invention.
The heat treatment method of a kind of alloy mold, described alloy mold is low-alloy steel hammering or mechanical press forging die tool, described
Alloy mold is prepared by Cr3 series hot die steel of the present invention, the heat treatment step of described alloy mold:
S1 quenches :≤680 DEG C of shove charges, isothermal at a temperature of being maintained at 680 DEG C, and the time of isothermal presses the effective dimensions of workpiece
0.6min/mm calculates, and keeps isothermal at a temperature of being then warming up to 800 DEG C with stove；Isothermal time is pressed 0.6min/mm and is calculated, then with
Stove is warming up to 930～970 DEG C, and the retention time, by 1.0～1.2min/mm calculating, is tempered after being cooled to 150～180 DEG C immediately；
S2 is once tempered :≤280 DEG C of shove charges, and at a temperature of being maintained at 280 DEG C, isothermal time presses the effective dimensions of workpiece
0.6min/mm calculates, and is warming up to 565～605 DEG C of insulations, and oil is cold to be cooled down to surface temperature 100～150 DEG C, it is ensured that mould
Just can carry out second time after being cooled to room temperature to be tempered；
S3 double tempering :≤300 DEG C enter stove, are warming up to 560～585 DEG C, temperature retention time is by by the effective dimensions 1.8 of workpiece
～2.4min/mm calculates, it is cooled to room temperature.
One or more being cooled in air cooling, cold, the water-cooled of oil described.
Further, rapid cooling during described S1 quenching, described S2 is cooled to surface temperature 100～150 soon from 565～605 DEG C
DEG C then air cooling, described S3 hollow is cooled to room temperature；
Described rapid cooling is the cold or water-cooled of oil.The bigger part of size or complex-shaped part oil are cold.
Wherein, in described S1, it is maintained at a temperature of 680 DEG C the time of isothermal based on effective dimensions 0.6min/mm of workpiece
Calculate, be then warming up to the time keeping isothermal at a temperature of 800 DEG C by by the effective dimensions 0.6min/mm calculating of workpiece with stove.
The effective dimensions of workpiece is also known as equivalent size, for round piece, can refer to its diameter, for square cross, refer to it
Thickness, cake part, workpiece etc. with holes, depending on can looking into heat treatment handbook.The present invention relates to what the time measured with "/mm ", is all
Refer to based on the effective dimensions of workpiece.
Preferably, in described S1, second time is warming up to 950～970 DEG C with stove.
It is highly preferred that in described S2, be warming up to 590～595 DEG C, temperature retention time is by 2.4～3.0min/mm calculating.
It is further preferred that in described S3, be warming up to 580～585 DEG C.
Wherein, after S3 is cooled to room temperature, carrying out Rockwell hardness detection, the hardness requirement for small mould is: surface is hard
Degree maximum not can exceed that 50HRC, and minimum cannot be below 46HRC；Hardness requirement for middle mould is: case hardness is the most very much not
Can exceed that 46HRC, minimum cannot be below 43HRC；Hardness requirement for large mold is: case hardness maximum not can exceed that
44HRC, minimum cannot be below 40HRC.
The large, medium and small division of mould, can be according to " Die & Mold Standard Parts data book ", " mould steel hands generally by thickness division
Volume " (metallurgical industry publishing house .) size of providing determines, sees P14, P18, P464.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is:
1), the present invention proposes the chemical composition of a kind of new Cr3 series hot die steel (being designated as YD3 Series Die Steel) and joins
Side, compares with existing Cr3Mo3 (4Cr3Mo3SiV, H10) series hot die steel, YD3 Series Die Steel C, Mn, Cr content phase
When, reduce Mo, V, Si content, add Ni element, with the addition of Nb element, with the addition of Al element.Thus improve toughness.
2), the present invention proposes YD3 mould steel and reasonably smelts, heats, forges and conditioning treatment technological specification.Key point
Being to ensure that the macrostructure of steel is fine and close, clarity is high, banding rank is low, structure refinement after normalizing, and after high tempering, carbide is thin
Little and uniform etc..
3), the present invention has worked out Final Heat Treatment Process specification.Its key point is wanted fully for quenching cooling, and tempering eliminates should
Power is wanted fully.Obtained YD3 hardness of steel and hardness are higher, show have higher anti-temper resistance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is YD3 different quenching yield strength and tensile strength curve (600 DEG C of tempering)
Fig. 2 is the YD3 different quenching contraction percentage of area, elongation after fracture, ballistic work and hardness curve (600 DEG C of tempering)
Fig. 3 is YD3 difference temperature yield strength and tensile strength curve (950 DEG C of quenchings)
Fig. 4 is the YD3 difference temperature contraction percentage of area, elongation after fracture, ballistic work and hardness curve curve (950 DEG C
Quenching)
Fig. 5 is several different steel grade difference tempering hardness correlation curves.
Fig. 6 is sample 214-2,14651 heat (batch) numbers, the sample of 950 degree of 45min oil hardening (tempering), and 4% nitric acid ethanol is molten
Corrosion, amplifies the macrograph of 400 times, for martensite+undissolved carbide.
Fig. 7 is sample 326-2, the heat treatment die of heat (batch) number 14651, and 950 degree of 60min oil is cold, 575 water, 580 water-cooleds, 4%
Nital corrosion structure, tempered troostite, amplifies 400 times.
Fig. 8 is YD3 part, spheroidizing after forging, and 4% nital corrosion, tissues observed is AS7 level.
Detailed description of the invention
Following example are used for illustrating the present invention, but are not limited to the scope of the present invention.The following stated is only the present invention
Preferred implementation, it is noted that for those skilled in the art, former without departing from the technology of the present invention
On the premise of reason, it is also possible to make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
In embodiment, if no special instructions, the technological means used is ordinary skill in the art means.
The composition range such as table 1 below of the Cr3 Series Steel that the present invention proposes.Show the concrete of a certain composition in an embodiment
Example, in the range of table 1 is recorded, the Cr1 series hot die steel prepared has same performance.
Table 1: one-tenth sectional specification:
Embodiment 1
The preparation method of Cr3 series hot die steel, it is characterised in that include step: electric furnace smelting, LF stove refine
(LADLE FURNACE, ladle refining furnace), vacuum outgas (VD), molding, annealing, electroslag remelting (ESR), slow cooling, annealing, forging
Make, normalizing, spheroidizing, expand hydrogen, slightly add, inspection, finishing, quenched, finishing, inspection, go into operation (obtaining module or mould).Labelling
For YD3 mould steel.
By controlling the composition of molten steel, in prepared mould steel, in terms of weight %, comprise C0.40%, Si 0.23%, Mn
0.70%, P0.003%, S0.001%, Cr3.23%, Ni1.41%, Mo 1.84%, V 0.16%, Al 0.020%, Nb
0.03%, the Fe of surplus.Inevitably it is mingled with.
Fig. 8 is YD3 mould steel test specimen, spheroidizing after forging, and 4% nital corrosion, tissues observed is AS7 level.
Embodiment 2
The method smelted is with embodiment 1.By controlling the composition of molten steel, in prepared mould steel, in terms of weight %, comprise
C 0.45%, Si 0.40%, Mn 0.50%, P 0.007%, S 0.002%, Cr 2.80%, Ni 1.60%,
Mo2.20%, V0.30%, Al 0.060%, Nb 0.10%, the Fe of surplus and be inevitably mingled with.
Embodiment 3
The method smelted is with embodiment 1.By controlling the composition of molten steel, in prepared mould steel, in terms of weight %, comprise
C 0.46%, Si 0.40%, Mn 0.70%, P 0.007%, S 0.002%, Cr 3.00%, Ni 1.80%, Mo
2.00%, V 0.20%, Al 0.080%, Nb0.15%, the Fe of surplus and being inevitably mingled with.
Embodiment 4
Preparing mould with embodiment 1YD3 steel heat treatment, specification is: 900 × 700 × 450.
S1 quenches :≤680 DEG C of shove charges, is maintained at isothermal time at a temperature of 680 DEG C by the effective dimensions (lower with) of workpiece
0.6min/mm calculates, then isothermal time is calculated by 0.6min/mm at a temperature of being warming up to 800 DEG C with stove, then is warming up to 930 with stove
～970 DEG C, keep by 1.0～1.2min/mm calculating, oil cold be cooled to 150～180 DEG C fuel-displaced after be tempered immediately；
S2 is once tempered :≤280 DEG C of shove charges, and at a temperature of being maintained at 280 DEG C, isothermal is calculated by 0.6min/mm, is warming up to 565
～600 DEG C, keep, by 2.4～3.0min/mm calculating, after being cooled to surface temperature 100～150 DEG C, cooling down (the cooling after tempering
Mode can have multiple, and lab scale may select air cooling or water-cooled, uses oily cold under industrial condition), during fuel-displaced air cooling, it is ensured that mould is cooled to
Just can carry out second time after room temperature to be tempered；
S3 double tempering :≤300 DEG C enter stove, is warming up to 580～600 DEG C, keeps by 1.8～2.4min/mm calculating, cooling
To room temperature (water-cooled can be used under laboratory condition, be air cooling under industrial condition).
After heat treatment final step is cooled to room temperature, carrying out Rockwell hardness detection, the hardness requirement for small mould is: table
Surface hardness maximum not can exceed that 50HRC, and minimum cannot be below 46HRC；Hardness requirement for middle mould is: case hardness is
Very much not can exceed that 46HRC, minimum cannot be below 43HRC；Hardness requirement for large mold is: case hardness maximum can not surpass
Crossing 44HRC, minimum cannot be below 40HRC.Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 is organized as strip of sheet martensite+carbonization after showing quenching heat treatment
Thing, is organized as tempered troostite after quenching+tempering heat treatment.
YD3 different heat treatment technique is shown in Table 2-1, table 2-2 and table 3, Fig. 1, Fig. 2 to the impact of mechanical property.
Table 2-1: heat (batch) number 14651, specification 257X300 side, φ 25mm heat treatment test result
Hardening heat effectiveness comparison different for table 2-2
In table 2-1 and 2-2,600 water meters show 600 DEG C of temperatures, then water-cooleds.
Conclusion: hardening heat 950-970 DEG C tensile strength is the highest, and plasticity and toughness slightly rises, so most preferably quenching
Temperature 950-970 DEG C.
Arranging different temperatures, the impact of temperature is shown in Table 3 and table 4, Fig. 3, Fig. 4.Take first and second temperature
The higher person, compares and is listed in table 3-2.
Table 3-1 heat (batch) number 14651, specification 40 side, φ 25mm heat treatment test result
Table 3-2: different temperature effectiveness comparison
The side's forging sampling of table 4:257 × 300, φ 25mm sample heat treatment, results of property
Conclusion: this steel anti-tempered performance is high, 560 DEG C are tempered twice, and hardness HRC is 51.5-52, tensile strength 1800Mpa,
Ballistic work KV2 12J, percentage elongation horizontal 7%, longitudinal 9%, lower slightly, 580 DEG C are tempered twice, and hardness HRC is 46.5-48.5, anti-
Tensile strength 1520Mpa, the horizontal 15J of ballistic work KV2, longitudinal 19.5J, percentage elongation horizontal 9.5%, longitudinal 10.5%, can meet and make
With.
Test example
1) different steel grade difference temperature hardness balance
The hardness of table 5 YD3, H13, YB5A, YB5B, YB5C difference temperature, HRC
| Temperature DEG C | 565 | 580 | 605 |
| YD3 | 51.5 | 50.5 | 45 |
| H13 | 51.5 | 49 | 42.5 |
| YB5B | 49.5 | 47 | 41.5 |
| YB5A | 54 | 48.5 | 44 |
| YB5C | 53 | 49.5 | 45 |
In table, in YB5 Series Steel, the content of Cr is C0.40～0.48%, Si 0.20～1.2%, Mn 0.40～
0.80%, P≤0.020%, S≤0.010%, Cr4.80～5.50%, Ni 1.40～2.0%, Mo0.80～1.50%,
V0.50～0.70%, W0.50-1.00%, Co 0～0.75%, Al0.01～0.20%, Nb 0.02～0.20%, surplus
Fe。
Conclusion: 1, the hardness of YD3, H13, YB5A, YB5B, YB5C difference temperature is in same level, therefore YD3 is permissible
Substitute H13.
2, YD3, YB5C tempering resistance is higher than H13, YB5A, YB5B, therefore Tempering and Quenching temperature is slightly higher.
Embodiment 5
Title: forging die is upper and lower, overall dimensions: 840 × 490 × 390,
Quenching-and-tempering process is:
S1:680 DEG C is incubated 3 hours, is warming up to 800 DEG C and is incubated 3 hours, is warming up to 950 DEG C and is incubated 8 hours, goes out furnace oil cold
60 minutes, to 150～170 DEG C.
S2:280 DEG C is incubated 4 hours, is warming up to 595 DEG C and is incubated 19.5 hours, goes out furnace oil cold 60 minutes, to 150～180 DEG C
Air cooling is to room temperature.
Hardness determination, result is HRC42,42.5,42.2 three points.S3: be warming up to 570 DEG C and be incubated 15.6 hours, sky of coming out of the stove
Being cooled to room temperature, hardness determination, result is HRC41,40.5,40.8 three points.Meet the requirement of HRC40～44.
Embodiment 6
Title: forging die is upper and lower, overall dimensions: 840 × 490 × 390,
Quenching-and-tempering process is:
S1:680 DEG C is incubated 3 hours, is warming up to 800 DEG C and is incubated 3 hours, is warming up to 950 DEG C and is incubated 8 hours, goes out furnace oil cold
60 minutes, to 150～170 DEG C.
S2:280 DEG C is incubated 4 hours, is warming up to 585 DEG C and is incubated 19.5 hours, goes out furnace oil cold 60 minutes, to 150～180 DEG C
Air cooling is to room temperature.
Hardness determination, result is HRC44,43.5,44.2 three points.S3: be warming up to 570 DEG C and be incubated 15.6 hours, sky of coming out of the stove
Being cooled to room temperature, hardness determination, result is HRC44,43.5,43.8 three points.Meet the requirement of HRC40～44.
The conclusion that YD3 applies on hot forged mould
1, substituting H13 with YD3, service life is suitable with H13, and YD3 relatively H13 in Technology for Heating Processing is simple, manufacturing cost
Low.
2, H13 easily splits, and YD3 is difficult to split, and is used for manufacturing big-and-middle-sized mould relatively H13 and has superiority.
Disclosed above or the embodiment that requires less than can make in the range of existing disclosed laboratory facilities or
Implement.All of product described by the preferred embodiment of the present invention and/or method, refer to that those do not violate the present invention expressly
Concept, scope and spirit may be used for this product and/or experimental technique and following step.To in described technique
The all of change of technological means and improvement, belong to the concept of the claims in the present invention definition, scope and spirit.
Claims (10)
1. a Cr3 series hot die steel, it is characterised in that described hot die steel in terms of weight %, comprise C0.38～
0.50%, Si 0.15～0.70%, Mn 0.30～0.90%, P≤0.020%, S≤0.010%, Cr2.80～3.50%,
Ni 1.40～2.00%, Mo1.80～2.60%, V0.10～0.50%, Al0.020～0.10%, Nb 0.02～
0.20%, the Fe of surplus.
Cr3 series hot die steel the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that use following methods to be prepared: electric furnace
Or converter smelting, LF stove refine, vacuum outgas, molding or continuous casting, annealing, electroslag remelting, slow cooling, annealing, forging, normalizing, ball
Annealing, expands hydrogen, slightly adds, and inspection slightly adds, quenched, finishing, inspection.
3. the mould manufactured with the Cr3 series hot die steel described in claim 1 or 2.
4. a heat treatment method for alloy mold, described alloy mold is low-alloy steel hammering or mechanical press forging die tool, its feature
Being, described alloy mold is prepared by the Cr3 series hot die steel described in claim 1 or 2, at the heat of described alloy mold
Reason step:
S1 quenches :≤680 DEG C of shove charges, isothermal at a temperature of being maintained at 680 DEG C, and the time of isothermal presses the effective dimensions of workpiece
0.6min/mm calculates, and is then warming up to 800 DEG C with stove and keeps isothermal；Isothermal time is pressed 0.6min/mm and is calculated, then heats up with stove
To 930～970 DEG C, the retention time, by 1.0～1.2min/mm calculating, is tempered after being cooled to 150～180 DEG C immediately；
S2 is once tempered :≤280 DEG C of shove charges, and at a temperature of being maintained at 280 DEG C, isothermal time presses effective dimensions 0.6min/ of workpiece
Mm calculates, and is warming up to 565～605 DEG C of insulations, is cooled to cooling after surface temperature 100～150 DEG C, it is ensured that after mould is cooled to room temperature
Just can carry out second time to be tempered；
S3 double tempering :≤300 DEG C enter stove, are warming up to 560～585 DEG C, temperature retention time by by workpiece effective dimensions 1.8～
2.4min/mm calculates, and is cooled to room temperature；
One or more being cooled in air cooling, cold, the water-cooled of oil described.
Heat treatment method the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that rapid cooling during described S1 quenching, from 565 in described S2
～605 DEG C be cooled to surface temperature 100～150 DEG C then air cooling soon, described S3 hollow is cooled to room temperature；
Described rapid cooling is the cold or water-cooled of oil.
Heat treatment method the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that in described S1, isothermal at a temperature of being maintained at 680 DEG C
Time press effective dimensions 0.6min/mm of workpiece and calculate, be then warming up to 800 DEG C of temperature with stove, keep the time of isothermal to press
Calculate by effective dimensions 0.6min/mm of workpiece.
7., according to the heat treatment method described in any one of claim 4～6, it is characterised in that in described S1, second time is with stove liter
Temperature is to 950～970 DEG C.
8. according to the heat treatment method described in any one of claim 4～6, it is characterised in that in described S2, be warming up to 590～
595 DEG C, temperature retention time is by 2.4～3.0min/mm calculating.
9. according to the heat treatment method described in any one of claim 4～6, it is characterised in that in described S3, be warming up to 580～
585℃。
10. according to the heat treatment method described in any one of claim 4～6, it is characterised in that after S3 is cooled to room temperature, carry out
Rockwell hardness detects, and the hardness requirement for small mould is: case hardness maximum not can exceed that 50HRC, and minimum cannot be below
46HRC；Hardness requirement for middle mould is: case hardness maximum not can exceed that 46HRC, and minimum cannot be below 43HRC；Right
Hardness requirement in large mold is: case hardness maximum not can exceed that 44HRC, and minimum cannot be below 40HRC.
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| CN106591683A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-04-26 | 东北特钢集团北满特殊钢有限责任公司 | Cold roll tool steel machining method |
| CN107523678A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2017-12-29 | 常熟市瑞思知识产权服务有限公司 | A kind of Technology for Heating Processing of collet |
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| CN109735777A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-05-10 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of anti-oxidant hot die steel and preparation method thereof |
| WO2021208181A1 (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2021-10-21 | 北京科技大学 | Low-temperature, high-toughness, high-temperature, high-intensity and high-hardenability hot mold steel and preparation method therefor |
| US11959158B2 (en) | 2020-04-14 | 2024-04-16 | University Of Science & Technology Beijing | Hot-work die steel with high toughness at low temperatures and high strength at high temperatures and high hardenability and preparation method thereof |
| CN111647721A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-11 | 建龙北满特殊钢有限责任公司 | Method for solving low-temperature impact energy of high-alloy structural steel after hardening and tempering |
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