CN1514691A - 组合物、方法和设备 - Google Patents
组合物、方法和设备 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21C—MACHINES OR EQUIPMENT FOR MAKING OR PROCESSING DOUGHS; HANDLING BAKED ARTICLES MADE FROM DOUGH
- A21C11/00—Other machines for forming the dough into its final shape before cooking or baking
- A21C11/16—Extruding machines
- A21C11/163—Applying co-extrusion, i.e. extruding two or more plastic substances simultaneously, e.g. for making filled dough products; Making products from two or more different substances supplied to the extruder
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/20—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by moulding, e.g. making cakes or briquettes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P30/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the process or apparatus
- A23P30/20—Extruding
- A23P30/25—Co-extrusion of different foodstuffs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/06—Rod-shaped
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
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- B29C2948/92323—Location or phase of measurement
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
- B29C48/10—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels flexible, e.g. blown foils
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/12—Articles with an irregular circumference when viewed in cross-section, e.g. window profiles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本发明公开了适于制备双重结构化宠物食品的口型头(65),该宠物食品包含芯料和包裹或基本上包裹该芯料的壳体,该口型头(65)可结合在挤出机上或者是挤出机整体的一部分,它包含a)至少两个壳体流动区域(73-76),以供挤出壳体组合物流动,b)壳体流动控制调节器(78),它能够对壳体流动施加影响,c)芯料入口管(81),它位于壳体流动控制调节器(78)的下游,其管孔(84)处于壳体料流之中,该入口管的作用是将芯料组合物输送至壳体料流之中,其中壳体组合物基本上或完全包裹芯料组合物,d)离开口型孔(86)且被壳体包裹的芯料组合物。
Description
背景技术
双重结构的宠物食品在现有技术中已经出现多年了。2000年9月12日授权的美国专利6,117,477公开了包含硬壳体和奶油填充料的双重结构化食品,其中除了其它要求以外,该壳体含有少于25%的水分。在美国专利6,117,477的公开内容中,特别是在第1栏第20行至第2栏第42行中,公开了许多涉及双重结构化宠物食品的专利。
制备含有宠物每天所需全部营养的双重结构化材料时所遇到的问题是,如何将其制造成贮存稳定、味道可口而且视觉上很有吸引力的形式,这是一直以来都在进行的课题。这类组合物可用作各种功能性、营养性和/或治疗性成分的输送系统。
已发明出了制备双重结构化宠物食品的新型方法,该食品根据需要可含有全部的营养值。该方法的特点是,在加热容器中制备填充料混合物并且在挤出机中制备硬壳体,在口型头中将挤出壳体与填充料组合在一起,使壳体完全包裹填充料,然后使被壳体包裹的填充料以束料的形式离开口型头,最后将束料切割成特定段数的所需形状,比如梯形或枕头状。
宠物食品必须含有宠物每天所需的全部营养。在制备双重结构化材料时所面临的一大挑战是,如何确保该材料能贮存稳定、可口、视觉上有吸引力并且满足最低的营养需求,而不会发生有害的营养或养份过剩现象。优选经由独特的口型头来实现该目的,该口型头可使挤出产品能够以线性方式从口型中挤出。壳体流动模块针对每个口型孔都包含单独的壳体流动调节机构,它可控制压力,由此来平衡单个口型中壳体材料的流动以及口型与口型之间壳体材料的流动。这将有助于使食料保持所需的营养分布型。口型的壳体填充模块由独立的喷嘴状组合件构成,每个口型开口对应一个组合件。每个喷嘴开口都由喷嘴体、口型、芯料填充料入口接口和芯料出口构成,任何或所有这些部件在设计上都能带来特定的益处。壳体在离开芯料外出口以及在形成束料时都包裹着芯料。另外,芯料出口孔延伸到口型孔的口型锥之中,或甚至与口型孔的口型锥平齐,而芯料出口孔所具有的横截面能够与这两个参数相互配合,从而使壳体组合物离开口型孔时的速度与被壳体包裹的芯料组合物的速度紧密配合。束料离开口型开口后,将其放置在向上倾斜的输送带上,这可有利地防止发生交迭,特别是在口型开口配有导线管的情况下,即,供进入束料并包含束料的导向室,束料在导向室中得以冷却(变定)并且看上去失去了至少很大一部分的剪切能量,由此降低了束料在输送带上发生交迭的几率。在束料被输送至卷曲机/切割机中之前,倾斜的输送带可为束料提供进一步的变定时间。本发明口型的这些和其它优点和特性将在后文中进行具体说明。
本发明的其它有利特性在于填充料在物理外观和化学组成方面的性质。
发明内容
本发明提供了适于制备双重结构化宠物食品的口型头,该食品包含芯料和包裹或基本上包裹芯料的壳体,该口型头可结合在挤出机上或者是挤出机整体的一部分,它包含
a)至少两个壳体流动区域,以供挤出壳体组合物流动,
b)壳体流动控制调节器,它能够对壳体流动施加影响,
c)芯料入口管,它位于壳体流动控制调节器下游,其管孔处于壳体料流之中,该入口管的作用是将芯料组合物输送至壳体料流之中,其中壳体组合物基本上或完全包裹芯料组合物,
d)离开口型孔且被壳体包裹的芯料组合物。
本发明的另一方面是适于制备双重结构化宠物食品的口型头,该食品包含芯料和包裹或基本上包裹芯料的壳体,该口型头可结合在挤出机上或者是挤出机整体的一部分,它包含
a)至少两个壳体流动区域,以供挤出壳体组合物流动,
b)芯料入口管,其管孔处于壳体料流之中,孔的横截面尺寸以及它与口型开口的距离要使得壳体组合物离开口型孔时的速度与芯料组合物的速度紧密配合。
本发明再一个方面是壳体完全或基本上包裹芯料的双重结构化宠物食品,包含在能够加热到至少约140°F的容器中制备芯料组合物、向口型头的芯料入口管中输送芯料组合物、在混合机中制备并混合含有至少约30重量%谷物的壳体组合物、将其输送到对壳体组合物进行径向混合的挤出机中、然后将芯料组合物输送到口型头中,壳体在此中对芯料进行包裹或基本上包裹,最后以壳体包裹芯料的形式离开口型头。
填充料管距口型开口的缩进值以壳体材料能围绕填充料管流动为准。该缩进值近似等于口型开口直径的2倍,但可以是口型开口直径的约1.7~约2.3倍。缩进值不应进一步再加大了,以致超出口型锥的末端。
附图说明
图1是本发明宠物食品的透视图。
图2是本发明宠物食品块体的透视图,通过垂直切开,可看到壳体和芯料的垂直横截面。
图3是制备本发明宠物食品时总体方法的流程图。
图4是本发明优选口型头的俯视图。
图5是本发明优选口型头上一个口型和任选导向室的侧视图。
图6是本发明优选口型头的部分俯视图,突出了芯料管出口、口型锥、口型孔和口型平台。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了贮存稳定的双重结构化宠物食品,它含有软质填充料和包裹填充料的硬质壳体。该产品的显著优点在于美观且可口,还有在利用优选加工方法制造时该产品有其它特点,比如简易性、连续性和一致性。
总体方法很简单而且可以只采用一个挤出机。与在独立的挤出机中混合填充料并试图通过两个独立的挤出物的组配来制备双重结构化产品的方法不同,在本发明方法中,填充料是在能够加热到温度至少140°F的容器中制备的,随后可根据需要泵送到进一步的混合机之中并计量添加到口型头之中。近乎同时,将各个壳体组分混合在一起,根据需要输送到预调理器中,然后将其进料到挤出机中,由此使挤出物输送入口型头中。使挤出物包裹在填充料材料上,然后将其输送到卷曲和切割系统中,以制备所需的形状。形状的实例比如是圆柱状、棱角状或“枕头”状。优选枕头状。
就所采用的特定填充料而言,为了使产品具有良好的可口性,采用的是真正的肉。因为肉类的水分一般都大于50%,所以肉中过量的水分可乳化在填充料之中,从而使其保持均匀性。因为填充料的水分含量一般都大于10%,而且水活性大于0.6%,所以为了保持填充料稳定并防止发霉,一般都需要添加化学防腐剂系统。
为了通过食料提供经过平衡的完整的营养分布型,狗食产品一般含有约14~约26重量%的蛋白质、约8~约16重量%的脂肪和小于约5重量%的灰份。对于猫食产品而言,其量值为约20~约34重量%蛋白质、约14~约26重量%脂肪和小于约5%灰份。填充料一般占产品的约25~约40重量%,猫食产品主要处于该范围的低端,而狗食产品则主要处于该范围的高端。如前所述,优选的产品是块状,优选“枕头”状。
对于芯料组合物而言,在高速剪切混合机如Breddo混合机中将湿润剂、脂肪和填充肉混合在一起之后,可通过添加副产品粉如禽粉来增加浆液的粘度,直至达到所需的稠度。虽然利用谷物或淀粉增加浆液粘度很普遍,但由于淀粉会在肉类和脂肪热处理时发生凝胶,因此无法提供可加工的粘度。通过输送泵将填充料物料从Breddo混合机输送到停留混合机之中,比如Hobart混合研磨机,该混合机也用作加脂泵。然后通过正位移泵如Moyno渐进模腔泵向口型中计量添加芯料组合物。通过装置如MicroMotion控制器或失重测量系统来控制流量。在口型中,填充料被挤出的壳体材料所包裹,然后按之前所述进行进一步的处理,直至制造出双重结构化宠物食品。
壳体一般由以下组分构成:谷物、肉类副产品、植物蛋白如玉米麸粉或大豆粉、维生素、矿物质和抗霉菌剂。一般使这些组分在混合机中混合在一起、在锤磨机进行进一步研磨、输送到Acrison失重加料机之中,然后连续输送到预调理器中以便与蒸汽和水混合。然后将经过加热的谷物混合物添加到挤出机中,经螺杆挤出后在约210~约250℃下蒸煮。然后将其挤入口型头之中,从而将芯料组分包裹住。
一般而言,狗类和猫类食料的差别是狗食料中脂肪和/或蛋白质的含量比猫类食料高。
该差别一般体现在提高总体食料中的蛋白质含量和/或降低总体食料中的谷物含量。
口型头优选线性装置,壳体组合物在此中围绕携带芯料的管线流动,然后以填充“束料”的形式离开各个口型,束料指的是壳体包裹芯料的形式。壳体的挤出速率为约5~约25lb/min/口型孔,一般为约6~约16lb/min/口型孔。
口型组合件一般是模块式结构,它由底座、壳体流动控制模块和壳体填充模块构成。如果需要一体式设计,则功能与此相同。底座含有用螺丝或夹具固定在挤出机末端的法兰盘,该法兰盘的形状是从圆形向方形过渡。这种从圆形向方形过渡的形状使得挤出产品能够以线性方式从口型中挤出,这将有助于防止“束料”在离开口型时纠缠在一起。在从圆形向方形过渡的区间内是各个壳体流动区域。这些壳体流动区域将口型壳体部分导入壳体流动控制模块之中。
壳体流动控制模块针对每个口型孔包含独立的节流控制阀或其它控制机构。由于挤出机螺杆在旋转时所产生的径向压力不均匀,所以节流阀是特别有用的。压力分布型不均匀会使每个口型孔中的流量产生变化。如果放任不管的话,壳体流量产生变化将导致每个口型开口处的壳体与填充料之比失控。必须控制壳体与芯料的比例,使食料保持所需的营养分布型。控制流动速率对于保持枕头状块体产品块体大小均匀和所需的美观性而言也是关键的。节流控制阀是装配在每个壳体流动区域中的,其作用是平衡压力,由此平衡壳体材料的流量,并使其均等地离开控制阀而进入各个口型开口之中。节流阀能够使流动区域处于完全关闭和完全打开状态,以及处于完全打开和关闭之间的各种状态。
这类控制机构的实例是带螺纹的螺杆,它能将壳体流动调整至所需的深度。为了提高效率,这类施加影响的元件应该与壳体流动垂直或基本垂直。虽然相对于壳体流动可以采用更小的角度,但所采用的角度至少为约45°。与壳体流动的夹角应该优选至少约75°,角度最大为90°,就是与壳体流动垂直。
壳体流动控制模块之后是壳体填充模块。壳体填充模块由独立的喷嘴状壳体填充组合件构成,每个口型开口对应一个组合件。壳体填充组合件具有入口,芯料是通过该入口进入口型头并离开芯料填充孔的,入口孔的横截面尺寸以及它与口型开口的距离要使得壳体组合物离开口型开口时的速度与离开口型开口时壳体内的芯料的速度紧密配合。
芯料入口可带有螺纹,从而可使填充泵有利地与填充管线直接相连。填充管线可进入口型头的中心,使芯料流动方向与壳体材料流动方向平行或基本上平行。因此,壳体材料围绕填充管线流动并且与芯料流动方向至少基本上平行。填充料流动速率为约1-15lb/min/口型孔,一般为约3~约10lb/min/口型孔,取决于所需的壳体与填充料之比。随着使填充料按所需速率泵送到填充管线之中以及壳体材料围绕填充管线流动,在芯料离开芯料填充管线出口时就会形成填充“束料”。填充束料接着进入口型的剩余部分。为了使填充料物料和壳体材料在离开口型时保持均匀的线速度,填充管线孔距口型开口的缩进值很重要。如果填充管线孔离口型开口太近,就会限制壳体的流动。壳体材料的线速度就会由于挤出机中所产生的附加背压而升高,而且壳体材料会比填充料材料挤出得更快。这就会使壳体太薄并且无法保留住其中的填充料使其不泄露。如果填充管线距口型开口的缩进值太大的话,壳体流动就会对填充泵造成过大的背压,而且会干扰填充料的流动。
口型开口(外区域)有三种主要设计特征:口型锥、口型平台和口型直径。口型锥一般是以角度表示的,指的是流动区域从口型入口开始到口型平台入口结束的渐次结构。口型平台指的是过了口型锥之后的那段流动区域长度,它是直的并且与产品的流动方向平行。口型直径指的是平台长度范围内流动区域横截面的直径。对于双重结构化产品而言,口型锥一般为约14-45°,平台长度基本上等于口型直径,后者取决于所需产品的大小。
随着填充产品离开口型,食料的壳体部分会向内外发生膨胀,与类似的产品相比,这更能产生最佳的“饱满”的感觉。调整缩进值也能在一定程度上控制壳体的膨胀。产品离开口型头时是均匀相隔的填充束料的形式。束料的数目等于口型孔的数目。束料被放置在倾斜的输送带上,这将进一步有助于对束料进行控制,防止其发生交迭并为壳体“变定”赢得时间。然后将束料输送到卷曲机/切割机中去。
可在每个口型开口的出口处包括导向室,这是任选的,也是我们所希望的。这些管线的直径比挤出束料大,其作用是控制束料在离开口型开口时的蜷曲倾向。一般而言,导向室的长度为口型开口的约8~约30倍,而导向室的内直径为口型开口的约1.5~6倍。导向室的长度优选为口型开口的约10~24倍,而且导向室内直径优选为口型开口的约2~4倍,最优选分别为约12倍和约3倍。
我们认为,挤出机螺杆所施加的径向能量能在导向室内进一步得到消除。壳体部分在导向室中在一定程度上发生膨胀,而且产品也开始变定。
壳体变得更硬而且外观和结构比填充料更为均匀。壳体主要由谷物构成,一般占壳体组合物的约65重量%以上。其它组分是约15~约25重量%的植物蛋白和约5~约10重量%的禽副产品粉。
填充料的稠度可以是任意的,但优选高度结构化且在外观上和感觉上呈非奶油状的填充料。它的性质基本上是粗糙的而且呈颗粒状,但要足够粘稠,以提供良好的流动度并能填充或基本上填充壳体,使得壳体与填充料之间的空间即使有的话也非常小。填充料主要是脂肪、湿润剂和肉,比如禽副产品粉。狗和猫食料各个组分的比例是不同的,取决于各自的膳食需求。有趣的是,由于脂肪含量较高,猫食料中所含的湿润剂较少,因为如果脂肪含量较高却不相应降低湿润剂用量的话,就会降低填充料的粘度。
参照附图对本发明进行进一步的说明。
图1是芯壳饲料优选形状的视图。它基本上是枕头状而且只露出壳体。
图2是切开的芯壳粒的视图。露出了芯料填充料,它的性质是粗糙的而且呈颗粒状,该填充料与壳体的内表面接邻。几乎看不到填充料组分穿过壳体渗漏的现象。
图3是制备本发明芯壳双重结构化宠物食品时所用的方法的图示说明。向加热容器比如Breddo混合机1中添加各种芯料组分,比如通过管线2添加干燥的各个组分如禽副产品粉、植物蛋白和乳化剂,通过管线3添加肉类组分比如鸡肉、牛肉或小牛肉,并且通过管线5添加液体组分比如高果糖玉米浆、甘油和脂肪。将这些组分在剪切作用下在1中加热到温度约175°F或者更高。保持适当的温度以获得适宜的混合物,同时蒸煮肉和/或肉副产品粉,然后使全部组合物通过管线8离开1、经由输送泵11输送、通过管线14进入Hobart混合机/研磨机或其它类型的混合机/研磨机17中,以便将粒度调整至所需的值,然后通过管线19离开并经过计量21进入口型22中。使壳体成分通过各个管线26、28、30、32和34进入混合机24中,在此处将其组合在一起并使其通过管线37进入锤磨机40之中,在此处将干燥的材料研磨至所需的尺寸并达到混合,然后通过管线43进入失重加料机46之中,接着通过管线49进入挤出机预调理器52中,最后加入挤出机55中。壳体组分在挤出机中被进一步加热并且通过螺杆设备进行混合,接着进入口型22中,在此处将壳体组合物包裹在进入口型22的填充料组合物之上,然后以芯壳“束料”的形式离开口型,落到向上倾斜的输送带58上,由它携带束料进入卷曲机/切割机61中,在此处将束料卷曲并切割成块体,优选枕头状。然后对块体进行各种常规操作,比如干燥、涂布(根据需要),冷却和然后进行包装。
所制得的口型头的各种透视图见图4、5、6和7。
图4表示的是口型65的俯视图。口型底座68具有法兰盘70,它一般是圆形的,与挤出机的出口相连。或者,挤出机是“一体式”挤出机,口型是成型在挤出机构造之中的。管线73、74、75和76表示的是口型内的壳体流动区域。管线78表示壳体流动控制阀和壳体填充模块80。口型盖82位于壳体填充模块80的出口处。口型有四个区域,其作用是输送壳体和被壳体包裹的芯料。但是,可采用任何数目的区域、出口。
图5表示的是口型65的侧视图,它有一个壳体控制阀78、壳体流动区域76、芯料填充入口81、芯料出口84、口型开口86、口型锥89、口型平台92和任选导向室94。
芯料填充入口81位于壳体控制阀78下游。这使得口型头65内的壳体能够完全包裹芯料,并且有助于对每个束料提供必需的控制,从而获得一致的膳食组成。
图6表示的是芯料管线和孔84的示意图,该孔与口型开口86是并行配置的,虚线表示的是口型锥89和口型平台92。
如下所给出的一组特定尺寸表示的是并行配置的芯料出口管线、口型锥、口型平台和缩进。括号中的字母参见图6。
口型锥15°
口型平台长度0.2in(LL)
芯料管线孔的内直径0.24in(CTO)
口型开口0.33in(DO)
口型厚度0.75in(DT)
缩进(芯料管线孔距口型开口)0.63in(SB)
芯料管线孔优选处于口型锥之内。填充管线距口型开口的缩进值要使得壳体材料能够围绕填充管线流动而且该缩进值大约为口型开口内直径的2倍。该缩进值不应大过口型锥的末端。
以下是本发明的实施例。在所有实施例中,采用的都是4孔口型。
狗食实施例-1
壳体配方
壳体配方
组分 | 重量% |
玉米 | 65 |
大豆粉 | 18 |
禽粉 | 6 |
糖 | 4 |
玉米麸粉 | 3 |
Dhy.蛋 | 1 |
矿物质 | 1.3 |
亚麻子 | 1 |
抗霉菌剂 | 0.5 |
维生素 | 0.1 |
抗氧化剂 | 0.1 |
总计 | 100 |
向混合机中添加前述成分,然后混合5min。然后添加到4/64″筛目的锤磨机中以降低粒度。然后添加到位于预调理器上游的失重加料机中。
填充料配方
组分 | 重量% |
禽粉 | 29 |
植物油 | 21 |
鸡肉 | 17 |
甘油 | 14 |
玉米浆 | 10 |
小麦麸 | 7 |
矿物质 | 1.4 |
抗霉菌剂 | 0.5 |
抗氧化剂 | 0.1 |
总计 | 100 |
向高速剪切混合机(Breddo)中添加玉米浆、甘油和植物油。加热到140°F。添加剩余的各个成分并加热到180°F。在预调理器中向谷物混合物中添加15%的水和9%的蒸汽。在谷物达到180°F时,将混合物以28lb/min的速度添加到挤出机中。开启填充泵和计量器,以12lb/min的速度添加到口型头中。由此制备了双重结构化宠物食品束料,它含有70重量%壳体和30重量%芯料组合物。
开启输送带,并调整其线速度,使之与挤出物离开挤出机口型的速度相同。将挤出物束料输送通过卷曲切割机,以形成枕头的形状。向干燥机中输送潮湿的枕头状产品。经由连续干燥机在270°F下干燥45min。输送干燥的枕头状产品,对其进行包衣处理和喷施2%的肝消化液。冷却到室温并进行包装。
猫食实施例-2
壳体配方
组分 | 重量% |
稻米 | 31 |
玉米 | 22 |
玉米麸粉 | 22 |
禽粉 | 21 |
矿物质 | 1.3 |
Dhy.蛋 | 1 |
亚麻子 | 1 |
抗霉菌剂 | 0.5 |
维生素 | 0.1 |
抗氧化剂 | 0.1 |
糖 | 0 |
总计 | 100 |
向混合机中添加前述成分,然后混合5min。然后添加到4/64″筛目的锤磨机中以降低粒度。然后添加到位于挤出机上游的失重加料机中。
填充料配方
组分 | 重量% |
植物油 | 36 |
稻米麸 | 8 |
禽粉 | 24 |
矿物质 | 1 |
甘油 | 8 |
葡萄糖 | 4 |
鸡肉 | 18 |
抗氧化剂 | 0.1 |
抗霉菌剂 | 0.5 |
总计 | 100 |
向高速剪切混合机(Breddo)中添加甘油和植物油。加热到140°F。添加鸡肉并使温度保持140°F。添加剩余的各个成分并加热到180°F。然后将其输送到Hobart混合机/研磨机中。
开启挤出机的预调理器。加热到180°F。以28lb/mi n的速度向挤出机中添加经过加热的谷物混合物。开启填充泵和计量器,以12lb/min的速度添加到口型头中。由此制备了双重结构化宠物食品,它含有70重量%壳体和30重量%芯料。
开启输送带,并调整其线速度,使之与挤出物离开挤出机口型的速度相同。将挤出物束料输送通过卷曲切割机,以形成枕头的形状。向干燥机中输送潮湿的枕头状产品。经由连续干燥机在270°F下干燥45min。输送干燥的枕头状产品,对其进行包衣处理和喷施2%的肝消化液。冷却到室温并进行包装。
Claims (7)
1.适于制备双重结构化宠物食品的口型头,该食品包含芯料和包裹或基本上包裹芯料的壳体,该口型头可结合在挤出机上或者是挤出机整体的一部分,它包含
a)至少两个壳体流动区域,以供挤出壳体组合物流动,
b)壳体流动控制调节器,它能够对壳体流动施加影响,
c)芯料入口管,它位于壳体流动控制调节器下游,其管孔处于壳体料流之中,该入口管的作用是将芯料组合物输送至壳体料流之中,其中壳体组合物基本上或完全包裹芯料组合物,
d)离开口型孔且被壳体包裹的芯料组合物。
2.权利要求1的口型头,其中壳体流动控制调节器与壳体流动方向的夹角约为75~90°。
3.权利要求1的口型头,其中壳体控制调节器通过它对壳体流动所施加的影响来控制壳体流动的压力,从而使一个壳体流动区域与另一个壳体流动区域之间的壳体流动至少基本上达到平衡。
4.权利要求1的口型头,其中处于芯壳组合物口型孔下游有导向室,而且导向室是与口型孔结合在一起的或者是口型孔整体的一部分,其横截面大于口型孔的横截面,该导向室所具有的长度和横截面要使流过所述孔的芯壳组合物能够发生膨胀,由此减少了芯壳组合物在离开导向室之后发生交迭的几率。
5.权利要求1的口型头,其中芯料入口管线孔的横截面大小以及与口型孔的距离要使得离开口型开口时壳体组合物的速度与离开芯料出口或口型孔时芯料组合物的速度紧密配合。
6.适于制备双重结构化宠物食品的口型头,该食品包含芯料和包裹或基本上包裹芯料的壳体,该口型头可结合在挤出机上或者是挤出机整体的一部分,它包含
a)至少两个壳体流动区域,以供挤出壳体组合物流动,
b)芯料入口管,其管孔处于壳体料流之中,孔的横截面尺寸以及它与口型开口的距离要使得壳体组合物离开口型孔时的速度与芯料组合物的速度紧密配合。
7.壳体完全或基本上包裹芯料的双重结构化宠物食品的制备方法,包含在能够加热到至少约140°F的容器中制备芯料组合物、向权利要求1口型头的芯料入口管中输送芯料组合物、在混合机中制备并混合含有至少约30重量%谷物的壳体组合物、将其输送到对壳体组合物进行径向混合的挤出机中,然后将芯料组合物输送到权利要求1的口型头中,壳体在此中对芯料进行包裹或基本上包裹,最后以壳体包裹芯料的形式离开口型头。
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US09/834,572 US6733263B2 (en) | 2001-04-13 | 2001-04-13 | Composition, process and apparatus |
US09/834,572 | 2001-04-13 |
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EP (1) | EP1377177B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4373677B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1288996C (zh) |
AR (1) | AR034034A1 (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE550949T1 (zh) |
AU (2) | AU2002254600B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0208859B1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2443844C (zh) |
DK (1) | DK1377177T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2384512T3 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2303526C2 (zh) |
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CN115071109A (zh) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-09-20 | 广东乐善智能装备股份有限公司 | 一种吹瓶机中挤出机的口模控制方法及系统 |
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- 2002-04-11 AT AT02723837T patent/ATE550949T1/de active
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- 2002-04-11 DK DK02723837.7T patent/DK1377177T3/da active
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- 2002-04-11 CA CA2443844A patent/CA2443844C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-04-11 BR BRPI0208859-2B1A patent/BR0208859B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 2002-04-11 JP JP2002584720A patent/JP4373677B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101478887B (zh) * | 2006-07-05 | 2013-06-05 | 马尔斯公司 | 具有风味的宠物食品 |
CN114027395A (zh) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-02-11 | 山东海创工贸有限公司 | 一种训练用宠物零食及其制备方法 |
CN115071109A (zh) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-09-20 | 广东乐善智能装备股份有限公司 | 一种吹瓶机中挤出机的口模控制方法及系统 |
CN115071109B (zh) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-11-04 | 广东乐善智能装备股份有限公司 | 一种吹瓶机中挤出机的口模控制方法及系统 |
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ES2384512T3 (es) | 2012-07-06 |
ATE550949T1 (de) | 2012-04-15 |
AU2008202020B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 |
CN1288996C (zh) | 2006-12-13 |
RU2003133135A (ru) | 2005-05-10 |
DK1377177T3 (da) | 2012-07-23 |
AU2002254600B2 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
US20020192341A1 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
AU2008202020A1 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
AR034034A1 (es) | 2004-01-21 |
CA2443844A1 (en) | 2002-11-07 |
JP2004532031A (ja) | 2004-10-21 |
BR0208859A (pt) | 2004-10-19 |
RU2303526C2 (ru) | 2007-07-27 |
US6733263B2 (en) | 2004-05-11 |
JP4373677B2 (ja) | 2009-11-25 |
WO2002087355A1 (en) | 2002-11-07 |
EP1377177B1 (en) | 2012-03-28 |
CA2443844C (en) | 2011-07-26 |
ZA200308539B (en) | 2005-01-26 |
EP1377177A1 (en) | 2004-01-07 |
BR0208859B1 (pt) | 2013-09-10 |
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