CN1508409A - 燃气驱动的内燃机的运转方法 - Google Patents

燃气驱动的内燃机的运转方法 Download PDF

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CN1508409A
CN1508409A CNA2003101239365A CN200310123936A CN1508409A CN 1508409 A CN1508409 A CN 1508409A CN A2003101239365 A CNA2003101239365 A CN A2003101239365A CN 200310123936 A CN200310123936 A CN 200310123936A CN 1508409 A CN1508409 A CN 1508409A
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gas
chamber
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W��Ƥ�¿�
W·皮奥克
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AVL List GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/02Engines characterised by precombustion chambers the chamber being periodically isolated from its cylinder
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/10Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder
    • F02B19/1019Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber
    • F02B19/108Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber with fuel injection at least into pre-combustion chamber, i.e. injector mounted directly in the pre-combustion chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B21/00Engines characterised by air-storage chambers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248Injectors
    • F02M21/0275Injectors for in-cylinder direct injection, e.g. injector combined with spark plug
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种利用燃气驱动内燃机的运转方法,其中,燃气经一吹气装置(8)吹入燃料室(10),从而形成分层充气(16)。为了根本性地减小NOx的排放和碳氢化合物的排放,设计燃气(较佳地是天然气)、氢气,或可燃气体的混合物吹入到与燃烧室(10)隔开、经一可开关的阀(6)与该阀连接的腔室(7),并与二次气体混合,此外,该混合气通过可开关阀(6)的打开而直接地吹入到燃烧室(10)。

Description

燃气驱动的内燃机的运转方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种利用燃气驱动一内燃机的方法,其中,燃气经一吹入装置吹入燃料室,从而形成分层充气(Schichtladung)。本发明还涉及一种燃气驱动的内燃机,它具有至少一个高压气体储存器、每个气缸至少一个吹入装置以及一介于高压气体储存器与吹入装置之间的分配管,以及一介于高压气体储存器与分配管之间设置的压力调节器,其中,吹入装置具有一经可开关的阀,较佳的是提升阀,与燃烧室连接的腔室,一从分配管引出的燃气供气管汇合在该腔室中。
背景技术
美国专利4,574,754 A1公开一使用气体燃料的内燃机,在该内燃机中燃气吹入到燃烧室,以形成一装料分层。与带有均匀混合备料的燃气驱动的内燃机相比,通过在燃烧室内富氧环境可达到燃气的完全燃烧,这有利于减少对大气的排放和提高效率。当然,不足的是,在此涡流控制的装料中点火区域构造得相当窄,由此,只能达到相当低的点火稳定性。
其它带有燃气直接向燃烧室吹气的燃气驱动的内燃机可从美国专利5,329,908A和5,941,210A中得以了解。
此外,已知在液体燃料驱动的内燃机中,实施空气支持的燃料喷射到燃烧室内。例如,美国专利6,161,527A示出这种类型的空气支持的燃料喷射系统,在该系统中燃料和空气预先混合,然后,混合气体经一控制阀喷射到燃烧室。AT 407.599B描述一用来将燃料引入到内燃机的燃烧室内的装置,在一工作循环中燃气通过该装置经一控制的提升阀从燃烧室提取出来并输送到一腔室内。燃气在该腔室内进行中间储存,通过泵输送的燃料喷入到该燃气中。在其后的工作循环中,由燃料和燃气混合的混合物吹入到燃烧室内。由此,在燃烧室内形成一充气分层(Ladungsschichtung),从而简单而有效地改善效率和有害物质的排放。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于:避免上述诸缺点,并在燃气驱动的内燃机中减少氧化氮和碳氢化合物的排放。
本发明通过下述方法实现该任务:燃气(较佳地是天然气)、氢气或可燃气体的混合物吹入到与燃烧室隔开的、经一可开关的阀与该阀连接的腔室中,并与二次气体混合,此外,该混合气通过该可开关阀的打开而直接地进入燃烧室。此时,混合气较佳地吹入到上死点前、介于约130°至45°之间曲柄转角的范围内。
燃气此时可在腔室内与空气或从燃烧室出来的气体混合。
与燃烧室出来气体的混合还可通过下述方法以更简单的方式实现,即,在一工作循环过程中从燃烧室出来的相当少量(约6至12cm3)的加压热气体储存在腔室内,此外,燃气吹入到该热气体中,在下一个循环中将该储存的混合气体吹入到燃烧室。
一种吹气装置适合于该方法的实施,利用该装置一从燃烧室取出的气体可进入吹气装置的一腔室内。为了能按剂量地(dosiert)将燃气导入到腔室内,较佳地是,在气体导入管路上设置一控制阀。
燃气与空气或从燃烧室出来的气体预先混合地吹入到燃烧室。在燃烧室内形成一通过鼓吹而得到控制的分层充气,这种分层充气具有一非常宽的可燃烧的混合范围。通过高的点火稳定性,可显著地减小碳氢化合物的排放。因为只在非常窄的混合范围内进行,所以,只产生极少量的NOx的排放。
吹气装置的可开关的阀可以是机械式、电气式、液压式或气动式操纵的阀。
附图说明
本发明将参照附图作更详细的描述。诸附图为:
图1示意地示出本发明的内燃机,以及
图2示意地示出内燃机的一气缸。
具体实施方式
燃气驱动的内燃机1具有一燃气的高压储存器2,其中的燃气可以是天然气、氢气、可燃气的混合物,或诸如此类的气体。从高压储存器2引出一分配器管3,其中在分配器管3与高压储存器2之间设置一压力调节器4,它将高压储存器2内约200巴以下的压力调节到约6巴的供应压力。每一气缸4从供应管3引出至少一条气体导入管5,它经一控制阀6汇合到吹气装置8的一腔室7内。该腔室7经一可开关的阀9,较佳地是提升阀,与气缸4的燃烧室连接。该阀9可以是液压式、气动式、机械式或电气式操纵的阀。
汇合在燃烧室10的点火装置用标号″11″表示。
一在气缸4内作往复运动的、显现有一活塞洼坑(Kolbenmulde)15的活塞用标号″14″表示。
吹入装置8的腔室7起到预混合室(Vormischraum)和气体储存室的作用。燃气经控制阀6直接地吹入到腔室7内。燃气与事先从燃烧室出来的气体充分地混合,这样,在一工作循环过程中通过吹入装置8从燃烧室10得到一相当少量的、约6至12cm3(腔室7的大小)的加压热气体,由此,在向燃烧室吹气过程结束之后阀9在一对应的长时间内保持打开。从燃烧室10中出来的气体中间过程储存(zwischengespeichert)在腔室7内,然后,燃气经控制阀6吹入到储存在腔室7内的气体中。在此后的循环中,由燃气和从燃烧室10出来的气体组成的混合气体吹入到燃烧室10内,由此,在燃烧室10内产生一分层充气16。该吹入到燃烧室10内的混合气体显现一在1至1.7之间的局部空气(过剩)系数(Luftzahl)。
通过大的可燃烧的狭窄的混合范围,不但可根本地减少NOx的排放,而且减少碳氢化合物的排放。

Claims (6)

1.一种利用燃气驱动内燃机的方法,其中,燃气经一吹气装置(8)吹入燃料室(10),从而形成分层充气(16),其特征在于,燃气,较佳地是天然气、氢气,或可燃气体的混合物吹入到与燃烧室(10)隔开的、经一可开关的阀(6)与该阀连接的腔室(7),并与二次气体混合,此外,该混合气通过该可开关阀(6)的打开而直接地吹入燃烧室(10)。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在上死点前的介于约130°至45°之间的曲柄转角范围内的混合气吹入燃烧室(10)内。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,燃气与空气混合。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,燃气与事先从燃烧室(10)出来的气体混合。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,在一工作循环过程中,一相当少量(约6至12cm3)的加压热气体从燃烧室(10)取出,并储存在腔室(7)内,燃气吹入到热气体中,在此后的循环中储存的混合气体吹入燃烧室(10)内。
6.一种燃气驱动的内燃机,它具有:至少一个燃气的高压储存器(2);每个气缸(4)的至少一个吹气装置(8);介于高压储存器(2)与吹气装置(8)之间的一分配器管(3);以及,一设置在高压储存器(2)与分配器管(3)之间的压力调节器(4),其中,吹气装置(8)具有一经可开关的阀(6),较佳地是提升阀,与燃烧室(10)连接的腔室(7),一从分配器管(3)引出的气体导入管(5)汇合到腔室(7)内,其特征在于,在气体导入管(5)内设置一控制阀(6)。
CNA2003101239365A 2002-12-19 2003-12-19 燃气驱动的内燃机的运转方法 Pending CN1508409A (zh)

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AT0085602U AT7202U1 (de) 2002-12-19 2002-12-19 Verfahren zum betreiben einer mit gas betriebenen brennkraftmaschine
ATGM856/2002 2002-12-19

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CN104995393A (zh) * 2012-12-17 2015-10-21 西港能源有限公司 用于内燃机的富集空气的气态燃料直接喷射
CN104995393B (zh) * 2012-12-17 2018-05-11 西港能源有限公司 用于内燃机的富集空气的气态燃料直接喷射

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